Unit 6 Beautiful landscapes（知识清单）英语新教材译林版七年级下册

Unit 6 Beautiful landscapes 话题 Beautiful landscapes 词汇 cover ,land ,rise ,fresh ,powerful ,destroy ,nothing ,nobody ,conditions,survive ,produce ,breathe ,northern 短语 amazing things ,be covered with...,fresh water,use... for,in the way,two-thirds ,be useful to ,can’t wait to do,breathe in the fresh air,seem to enjoy it,run through,along the river,take a boat trip,enjoy the nice views 句型 The beauty of the natural world lies in landscapes. Oceans cover about 71 per cent of the earth’s surface. Rivers carry water from high ground down to lakes. Plains cover over a quarter of the earth’s land area. What landscapes on earth do you know about? Nothing can get in my way. Nobody wants to live in such difficult conditions, but a few plants and animals can survive. I am home to hundreds of thousands of living things. I produce Oxygen for humans and animals to breathe. There’s nothing to do there but relax. There seems to be something in the river. I think he has got everything ready for a good night’s sleep. What a beautiful view! I’ll ask each students to talk about their favourite landscape next week. 语法 不定代词,what/how感叹句 写作 介绍某一景观/景点 考点1.Oceans cover about of the earth's surface.(教材P69) cover /'kʌvə(r)/ v.占 (一片面积) ；覆盖；遮盖 山上覆盖着雪。The hills were covered with snow. 他这本书的封皮和你那本书的封皮一样。His book has the same cover as yours. 固定搭配 cover...with...用……把……覆盖；be covered with/by...被……所覆盖。 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面的四分之三被水覆盖着。 中考链接 -Why does the earth look blue in space？ -Because most of the earth’s surface by water. A. covers B. is covered C. cover D. are covered 拓展cover的其他常见含义及用法： 动词 足以支付 $10 should cover the meal.十美元足够支付这顿饭钱。 包含； 涉及 The lectures cover different topics.这些讲座涉及不同的主题。 名词 (书刊的) 封面封皮 I like the cover of the book.我喜欢这本书的封面。 覆盖物； 盖子 This glass bowl has a plastic cover.这个玻璃碗有一个塑料盖子。 考点2.But I am also very powerful. (教材P70) powerful /'paʊəfl/ adj.力量大的;有影响力的 由“power (n.力量;权力) +-ful (形容词后缀) ”构成。 Humour can be a powerful weapon.幽默可以成为强大的武器。 She's the most powerful person in the organization.她是该组织中最有影响力的人。 词缀学习--ful是常见的形容词后缀，表示“充满……的； 有……性质 (或倾向) 的”，可加在某些名词后构成形容词。 colour n.颜色— adj.颜色鲜艳的 beauty n.美丽— adj.美丽的 use n.用途— adj.有用的 meaning n.含义— adj.有意义的 考点3 Nothing can get in my way.(教材P70) nothing /'nʌθɪŋ/ pron.没有什么 拓展与 nothing相关的结构: have nothing to do with...与······无关 Sb. has nothing to do but...某人除了…没事可做。 The police report shows that the accident had nothing to do with the weather.警方报告显示该事故与天气无关。 We have nothing to do but wait.我们除了等待没事可做。 典例 A smile costs , but it makes people warm. So we should learn to smile. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything 考点4.Nobody wants to live in such difficult conditions, but a few plants and animals can survive.(教材P70) nobody /'nəʊbədi/ pron.没有人 相当于 no one，作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 So far, nobody knows whether there would be enough water or air on Mars for people. 到目前为止, 没有人知道火星上是否有足够的水或空气供人使用。 conditions /kən'dɪʃnz/ n. [pl.] 环境,条件讲 通常与介词 in或 under连用。 Our government did a lot of things to improve the villagers’ living conditions.我们的政府做了很多事情来改善村民的生活条件。 拓展[名词] 状态； (尤指健康) 状况； 天气情况 be in (a) bad/ good condition处于糟糕的/良好的状态 mental/ physical condition精神/身体状况 For further information on tomorrow's weather conditions, call the hotline below.欲知关于明天天气状况的更多信息，请拨打下面的热线。 a few有些,几个 few/a few与 little/a little四者都可修饰名词，具体区别如下： 修饰不可数名词 little “几乎没有”，表示否定的概念。 a little “有一些；有一点”，表示肯定的意义。 修饰可数名词 few “几乎没有”，表示否定的概念。 a few “有一些；有几个”，表示肯定的意义。 There is little milk in the bottle.在瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了。 I know a little English.我知道一点英语。 I feel lonely,because I have few friends.我感到很孤独，因为我几乎没有朋友。 Today I eat a few apples.今天我吃了几个苹果。 考题预测 The physics problem is too hard,so students can work it out. A.little B.few C.a little D.a few 考点5.I am full of trees, and I produce oxygen for humans and animals to breathe.(教材P70) breathe / bri:ð/v.呼吸; 呼出 (1) [不及物动词]&[及物动词] 呼吸 When he plays Taiji, he can feel more relaxed and breathe better. 当他打太极的时候, 他会感觉更放松,呼吸更顺畅。 (作不及物动词) Every morning we get up early, breathe the fresh air and hear the birds sing in the woods.每天清晨, 我们都早起，呼吸新鲜的空气，聆听树林里鸟儿的鸣叫。(作及物动词) (2) [不及物动词] &[及物动词]呼气 Roy breathed on his hands and rubbed them together.罗伊往双手上哈了哈气，然后搓了搓手 考点6. I can't wait to visit the Changbai Mountains in Jilin Province, China. (教材P72) can't wait to do sth.迫不及待地想做某事 The book is so wonderful that she can't wait to finish it.这本书很精彩， 她迫不及待地要读完它。 拓展can't wait for...急切地等待…… I can't wait for the coming holiday.我等不及即将到来的假期了。 David一到这儿就迫不及待地炫耀起了他的新手表。David couldn't wait to show off his new watch as soon as he arrived here. 考点7.I would like to go to the Tree River in northern Canada.(教材P72) northern/ ˈnɔ:ðən/ adj.北方的,北部的 由“north (n.北; 北方) 构成。表示方位的名词在词尾加-ern可构成形容词 小提示 表示方位的合成词：southeast东南，southwest西南，northeast东北，northwest西北。 Pandas usually live in the southwest of China.熊猫通常生活在中国的西南部。 固定搭配 south的固定搭配 South Africa 南非 South America 南美洲 the South Pole 南极 考点拓展 方位词及对应的形容词和名词： south n.南 southern adj.南方的 southerner n.南方人 north n.北 northern adj.北方的 northerner n.北方人 east n.东 eastern adj.东方的 easterner n.东方人 west n.西 western adj.西方的 westerner n.西方人 考点8.There is nothing to do there but relax.(教材P72) There is nothing to do but...除了……没事可做。 but后动词要用原形 There was nothing to do but watch news on TV.除了在电视上看新闻没事可做。 There is nothing to say but keep silent.没有什么可说的，只有保持沉默。 考点9.It is a natural wonder and a treat for your eyes.(教材P76) treat还可作动词， 常见含义有： 招待；请 (客) treat sb. to sth.请某人吃/喝某物; 用某物招待某人 治疗 treat sb.给某人治病; treat+疾病 治疗某种疾病 对待 treat sb./ sth. with…以……态度对待某人/某物 把……看作 treat… as…把……看作…… Let me you to some juice.让我来请你喝点儿果汁吧。 At that time, it was difficult to patients because of a shortage of medicine.那时候, 由于缺少药物, 很难给病人治疗。 your keyboard with care and it should last for years.爱惜你的键盘， 这样就可以使用很多年。 They the dog as a member of their family.他们把这条狗视作家庭的一员。 考点10.This landform is made of sandstone in strange shapes.(教材P76) strange /streɪndʒ/ adj.奇怪的;陌生的 [形容词] 常见含义和用法： 奇怪的， 奇特的 可作定语或表语， 副词形式是strangely。 陌生的 be strange to sb.对某人来说是陌生的 拓展stranger [名词] 陌生人; 外地人; 新来者 You must be careful when a asks about your personal information.当陌生人询问你的个人信息时, 你必须小心。 I'm a to this town.我刚来到这个镇子 考点11.It is a great example of the power of wind and time.(教材P76) power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n.力量;电力供应 Knowledge is power.— Francis Bacon知识就是力量。——弗朗西斯·培根 When she was in the lift, the power went off.她在电梯里时停电了。 拓展[名词] 权力 In Chinese culture, the dragon is a symbol of power and good luck.在中国文化里, 龙是权力和好运的象征。 考点12.You can walk up paths and steps to the top or take a cable car.(教材P78) step / step/ n.台阶,梯级;脚步声;步骤 1． 语法精讲 不定代词 我们常用不定代词指代某个不特定的人或物。复合不定代词是由 与 one、body、 thing构成的。这些复合不定代词具有名词的性质， 在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，但不能作定语。 考向1 不定代词的用法 1.someone、somebody、something的用法 someone/ somebody (某人) 、 something (某物; 某事)通常用于肯定句中。someone与 somebody可通用。 There is someone/ somebody in the fitting room.有人在试衣间。 We will get something to eat at the snack bar.我们要去小吃店买点吃的东西。 【特别提醒】 在表示请求、邀请、提议等并希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中, 要用 someone、somebody、something等复合不定代词。 Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点儿什么吗? 2.anyone、anybody、anything的用法 anyone/ anybody (任何人) 、 anything (任何事物) 通常用于疑问句或否定句中。anyone与 anybody可通用。 Did you meet anyone/ anybody when you came to school last Monday? 上星期一你来学校时见到什么人了吗? Is there anything in the bag? 袋子里有东西吗? 【特别提醒】 当 anything意为“任何事物”, anyone/ anybody表示“无论谁,任何人”时， 它们也可以用于肯定句中。 Anyone/ Anybody will tell you where the post office is.任何人都会告诉你邮局在哪儿。 Anything will be fine for me. 对我来说, 任何事都是可以的。 典例 —— Tommy, is there in the classroom now? — No. All the students are having a P. E. lesson on the playground. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 3. no one、nobody、nothing的用法 no one/ nobody (没有人) 、 nothing (没有什么) 均表示否定含义。no one与 nobody可通用。 No one/ Nobody can do it better.没有人能做得更好。 I have nothing to say now.我现在没有什么话可说。 4.everyone、everybody、everything的用法 everyone/ everybody (每个人, 人人) 、 everything(每件事, 一切) 可用于各种句式中。everyone与 everybody可通用。 Money does not mean everything.金钱并不意味着一切。 I think I can get on well with everyone/ everybody.我认为我可以和每个人相处得很好。 考向2 使用复合不定代词的注意事项 1.复合不定代词若用作主语，相应的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 Does anybody want to come? 有人想来吗? Everything is ready.一切都准备好了 2.修饰复合不定代词的定语要放在复合不定代词的后面。 There is nothing wrong with the radio.这台收音机没有一点毛病。 Do you know anyone/ anybody famous? 你认识名人吗? 3.复合不定代词后可加-'s构成所有格，而其后有 else修饰时, 应在 else后加-’ s。 It's somebody's plan, not mine.这是别人的计划, 不是我的。 This book isn't mine. It's somebody else's.这本书不是我的， 是别人的。 4. every-类复合不定代词与否定词连用时，表示部分否定若表示全部否定，要用 no (-)类复合不定代词或在否定句中用 any-类复合不定代词。 Not everyone knows her.不是所有人都认识她。(部分否定) Nobody knows her.没有人认识她。 (全部否定) There isn't anyone in the classroom.教室里没有人。(全部否定) 【特别提醒】 everyone意为“每个人； 人人”， 只指人不指物， 后面不能跟 of短语; every one意为“每个”, 既可指人也可指物,面能跟 of短语。 Is everyone here today?今天大家都到齐了吗? I like every one of his books.他的每本书我都喜欢。 感叹句 考向1 what引导的感叹句的结构 1.What+a/ an+形容词+可数名词单数 [+缩略的陈述句(陈述句的主语通常是代词) ]！ What a brave young man (he is) ! (他是) 一个多勇敢的年轻人啊！ 2.What+形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词 [+缩略的陈述句 (陈述句的主语通常是代词) ]！ What beautiful flowers (they are) !(它们是) 多么漂亮的花啊！ What good news (it is) ! (这是) 多么好的消息啊! 典例 — Hi, guys! Our team won first place in the table tennis match. — exciting news it is! We are so happy about it. A. What B. How C. What an D. How an 考向2 how引导的感叹句的结构 1.How+形容词 [+缩略的陈述句 (陈述句的主语是名词或代词) ]！ (陈述句中的谓语用连系动词) How cool (he looks) ! (他看上去) 多酷啊! 2.How+副词 [+缩略的陈述句 (陈述句的主语是名词或代词) ]！ (陈述句中的谓语用行为动词) How fast (he ran yesterday) ! (他昨天跑得) 多快啊！ 3.How+形容词+a/ an+可数名词单数 [+缩略的陈述句(陈述句的主语通常是代词) ] ！ How tall a tree it is!多么高的一棵树啊! 4.How+缩略的陈述句! How time flies!时光飞逝! 二．写作精讲 本单元围绕 beautiful landscapes (美丽的风景) 这一话题而展开，介绍了一些特别的景观。介绍景观时， 我们可以从以下几个方面着笔：①景观的名称、位置等基本情况； ②景观的地形、地貌、 气候以及特色； ③景观周边设施和活动； ④分享自己对景观的个人感受等。 写作时，人称通常要用第三人称，时态通常要用一般现在时。要将提示内容介绍清楚，还要注意主体部分与开头、结尾的衔接要自然、流畅。 开头句 I will introduce Fujian Tulou to you.我将向你介绍福建土楼。 Let me tell you something about Fujian Tulou.我来给你讲讲福建土楼吧。 中间句 1.有关位置 Tulou mainly lies in...土楼主要位于…… They stand at the foot of/on the top of... 它们在……的脚下/顶部。 2.有关历史 Tulou has a long history of...years. 土楼有……年的悠久历史。 People began to build Tulou in the Song Dynasty.人们在宋朝时期开始建造土楼。 3.有关建筑材料 They are covered with...它们被……覆盖。 Tulou is made of... 土楼由……制成。 4.有关建筑风格 Tulou is in different shapes, such as rounds and squares.土楼有不同的形状，例如圆形和方形。 5.有关功能 People built Tulou to protect them from bad weather and wild animals.人们建造土楼是为了保护自己免受恶劣天气和野兽的侵害。 People living in Tulou feel warm in winter and cool in summer.住在土楼里的人们感到冬暖夏凉。 结尾句 It attracts...tourists every year.它每年吸引……游客。 I believe you will love it as much as I do.我相信你会和我一样喜欢它。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 6 Beautiful landscapes 话题 Beautiful landscapes 词汇 cover ,land ,rise ,fresh ,powerful ,destroy ,nothing ,nobody ,conditions,survive ,produce ,breathe ,northern 短语 amazing things ,be covered with...,fresh water,use... for,in the way,two-thirds ,be useful to ,can’t wait to do,breathe in the fresh air,seem to enjoy it,run through,along the river,take a boat trip,enjoy the nice views 句型 The beauty of the natural world lies in landscapes. Oceans cover about 71 per cent of the earth’s surface. Rivers carry water from high ground down to lakes. Plains cover over a quarter of the earth’s land area. What landscapes on earth do you know about? Nothing can get in my way. Nobody wants to live in such difficult conditions, but a few plants and animals can survive. I am home to hundreds of thousands of living things. I produce Oxygen for humans and animals to breathe. There’s nothing to do there but relax. There seems to be something in the river. I think he has got everything ready for a good night’s sleep. What a beautiful view! I’ll ask each students to talk about their favourite landscape next week. 语法 不定代词,what/how感叹句 写作 介绍某一景观/景点 考点1.Oceans cover about of the earth's surface.(教材P69) cover /'kʌvə(r)/ v.占 (一片面积) ；覆盖；遮盖 山上覆盖着雪。The hills were covered with snow. 他这本书的封皮和你那本书的封皮一样。His book has the same cover as yours. 固定搭配 cover...with...用……把……覆盖；be covered with/by...被……所覆盖。 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面的四分之三被水覆盖着。 中考链接 -Why does the earth look blue in space？ -Because most of the earth’s surface ___B___ by water. A. covers B. is covered C. cover D. are covered 拓展cover的其他常见含义及用法： 动词 足以支付 $10 should cover the meal.十美元足够支付这顿饭钱。 包含； 涉及 The lectures cover different topics.这些讲座涉及不同的主题。 名词 (书刊的) 封面封皮 I like the cover of the book.我喜欢这本书的封面。 覆盖物； 盖子 This glass bowl has a plastic cover.这个玻璃碗有一个塑料盖子。 考点2.But I am also very powerful. (教材P70) powerful /'paʊəfl/ adj.力量大的;有影响力的 由“power (n.力量;权力) +-ful (形容词后缀) ”构成。 Humour can be a powerful weapon.幽默可以成为强大的武器。 She's the most powerful person in the organization.她是该组织中最有影响力的人。 词缀学习--ful是常见的形容词后缀，表示“充满……的； 有……性质 (或倾向) 的”，可加在某些名词后构成形容词。 colour n.颜色— colourful adj.颜色鲜艳的 beauty n.美丽— beautiful adj.美丽的 use n.用途— useful adj.有用的 meaning n.含义— meaningful adj.有意义的 考点3 Nothing can get in my way.(教材P70) nothing /'nʌθɪŋ/ pron.没有什么 拓展与 nothing相关的结构: have nothing to do with...与······无关 Sb. has nothing to do but...某人除了…没事可做。 The police report shows that the accident had nothing to do with the weather.警方报告显示该事故与天气无关。 We have nothing to do but wait.我们除了等待没事可做。 典例 A smile costs A , but it makes people warm. So we should learn to smile. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything [解析] nothing“没有什么”; something“某事, 某物”;anything“任何事物”; everything“每件事, 所有事物”。 句意：微笑不花钱，却让人感到温暖，所以我们应该学会微笑。 故选A。 考点4.Nobody wants to live in such difficult conditions, but a few plants and animals can survive.(教材P70) nobody /'nəʊbədi/ pron.没有人 相当于 no one，作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 So far, nobody knows whether there would be enough water or air on Mars for people. 到目前为止, 没有人知道火星上是否有足够的水或空气供人使用。 conditions /kən'dɪʃnz/ n. [pl.] 环境,条件讲 通常与介词 in或 under连用。 Our government did a lot of things to improve the villagers’ living conditions.我们的政府做了很多事情来改善村民的生活条件。 拓展[名词] 状态； (尤指健康) 状况； 天气情况 be in (a) bad/ good condition处于糟糕的/良好的状态 mental/ physical condition精神/身体状况 For further information on tomorrow's weather conditions, call the hotline below.欲知关于明天天气状况的更多信息，请拨打下面的热线。 a few有些,几个 few/a few与 little/a little四者都可修饰名词，具体区别如下： 修饰不可数名词 little “几乎没有”，表示否定的概念。 a little “有一些；有一点”，表示肯定的意义。 修饰可数名词 few “几乎没有”，表示否定的概念。 a few “有一些；有几个”，表示肯定的意义。 There is little milk in the bottle.在瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了。 I know a little English.我知道一点英语。 I feel lonely,because I have few friends.我感到很孤独，因为我几乎没有朋友。 Today I eat a few apples.今天我吃了几个苹果。 考题预测 The physics problem is too hard,so___B___ students can work it out. A.little B.few C.a little D.a few 考点5.I am full of trees, and I produce oxygen for humans and animals to breathe.(教材P70) breathe / bri:ð/v.呼吸; 呼出 (1) [不及物动词]&[及物动词] 呼吸 When he plays Taiji, he can feel more relaxed and breathe better. 当他打太极的时候, 他会感觉更放松,呼吸更顺畅。 (作不及物动词) Every morning we get up early, breathe the fresh air and hear the birds sing in the woods.每天清晨, 我们都早起，呼吸新鲜的空气，聆听树林里鸟儿的鸣叫。(作及物动词) (2) [不及物动词] &[及物动词]呼气 Roy breathed on his hands and rubbed them together.罗伊往双手上哈了哈气，然后搓了搓手 考点6. I can't wait to visit the Changbai Mountains in Jilin Province, China. (教材P72) can't wait to do sth.迫不及待地想做某事 The book is so wonderful that she can't wait to finish it.这本书很精彩， 她迫不及待地要读完它。 拓展can't wait for...急切地等待…… I can't wait for the coming holiday.我等不及即将到来的假期了。 David一到这儿就迫不及待地炫耀起了他的新手表。David couldn't wait to show off his new watch as soon as he arrived here. 考点7.I would like to go to the Tree River in northern Canada.(教材P72) northern/ ˈnɔ:ðən/ adj.北方的,北部的 由“north (n.北; 北方) 构成。表示方位的名词在词尾加-ern可构成形容词 小提示 表示方位的合成词：southeast东南，southwest西南，northeast东北，northwest西北。 Pandas usually live in the southwest of China.熊猫通常生活在中国的西南部。 固定搭配 south的固定搭配 South Africa 南非 South America 南美洲 the South Pole 南极 考点拓展 方位词及对应的形容词和名词： south n.南 southern adj.南方的 southerner n.南方人 north n.北 northern adj.北方的 northerner n.北方人 east n.东 eastern adj.东方的 easterner n.东方人 west n.西 western adj.西方的 westerner n.西方人 考点8.There is nothing to do there but relax.(教材P72) There is nothing to do but...除了……没事可做。 but后动词要用原形 There was nothing to do but watch news on TV.除了在电视上看新闻没事可做。 There is nothing to say but keep silent.没有什么可说的，只有保持沉默。 考点9.It is a natural wonder and a treat for your eyes.(教材P76) treat还可作动词， 常见含义有： 招待；请 (客) treat sb. to sth.请某人吃/喝某物; 用某物招待某人 治疗 treat sb.给某人治病; treat+疾病 治疗某种疾病 对待 treat sb./ sth. with…以……态度对待某人/某物 把……看作 treat… as…把……看作…… Let me treat you to some juice.让我来请你喝点儿果汁吧。 At that time, it was difficult to treat patients because of a shortage of medicine.那时候, 由于缺少药物, 很难给病人治疗。 Treat your keyboard with care and it should last for years.爱惜你的键盘， 这样就可以使用很多年。 They treat the dog as a member of their family.他们把这条狗视作家庭的一员。 考点10.This landform is made of sandstone in strange shapes.(教材P76) strange /streɪndʒ/ adj.奇怪的;陌生的 [形容词] 常见含义和用法： 奇怪的， 奇特的 可作定语或表语， 副词形式是strangely。 陌生的 be strange to sb.对某人来说是陌生的 拓展stranger [名词] 陌生人; 外地人; 新来者 You must be careful when a stranger asks about your personal information.当陌生人询问你的个人信息时, 你必须小心。 I'm a stranger to this town.我刚来到这个镇子 考点11.It is a great example of the power of wind and time.(教材P76) power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n.力量;电力供应 Knowledge is power.— Francis Bacon知识就是力量。——弗朗西斯·培根 When she was in the lift, the power went off.她在电梯里时停电了。 拓展[名词] 权力 In Chinese culture, the dragon is a symbol of power and good luck.在中国文化里, 龙是权力和好运的象征。 考点12.You can walk up paths and steps to the top or take a cable car.(教材P78) step / step/ n.台阶,梯级;脚步声;步骤 1． 语法精讲 不定代词 我们常用不定代词指代某个不特定的人或物。复合不定代词是由 与 one、body、 thing构成的。这些复合不定代词具有名词的性质， 在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，但不能作定语。 考向1 不定代词的用法 1.someone、somebody、something的用法 someone/ somebody (某人) 、 something (某物; 某事)通常用于肯定句中。someone与 somebody可通用。 There is someone/ somebody in the fitting room.有人在试衣间。 We will get something to eat at the snack bar.我们要去小吃店买点吃的东西。 【特别提醒】 在表示请求、邀请、提议等并希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中, 要用 someone、somebody、something等复合不定代词。 Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点儿什么吗? 2.anyone、anybody、anything的用法 anyone/ anybody (任何人) 、 anything (任何事物) 通常用于疑问句或否定句中。anyone与 anybody可通用。 Did you meet anyone/ anybody when you came to school last Monday? 上星期一你来学校时见到什么人了吗? Is there anything in the bag? 袋子里有东西吗? 【特别提醒】 当 anything意为“任何事物”, anyone/ anybody表示“无论谁,任何人”时， 它们也可以用于肯定句中。 Anyone/ Anybody will tell you where the post office is.任何人都会告诉你邮局在哪儿。 Anything will be fine for me. 对我来说, 任何事都是可以的。 典例 —— Tommy, is there C in the classroom now? — No. All the students are having a P. E. lesson on the playground. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody [解析] everybody“所有人”; somebody“某人”, 一般用于肯定句中； 任何人”，一般用于否定句或疑问句中； nobody“没有人”。此处是一般疑问句，询问教室里是否有人, 应用 anybody。 故选C。 3. no one、nobody、nothing的用法 no one/ nobody (没有人) 、 nothing (没有什么) 均表示否定含义。no one与 nobody可通用。 No one/ Nobody can do it better.没有人能做得更好。 I have nothing to say now.我现在没有什么话可说。 4.everyone、everybody、everything的用法 everyone/ everybody (每个人, 人人) 、 everything(每件事, 一切) 可用于各种句式中。everyone与 everybody可通用。 Money does not mean everything.金钱并不意味着一切。 I think I can get on well with everyone/ everybody.我认为我可以和每个人相处得很好。 考向2 使用复合不定代词的注意事项 1.复合不定代词若用作主语，相应的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 Does anybody want to come? 有人想来吗? Everything is ready.一切都准备好了 2.修饰复合不定代词的定语要放在复合不定代词的后面。 There is nothing wrong with the radio.这台收音机没有一点毛病。 Do you know anyone/ anybody famous? 你认识名人吗? 3.复合不定代词后可加-'s构成所有格，而其后有 else修饰时, 应在 else后加-’ s。 It's somebody's plan, not mine.这是别人的计划, 不是我的。 This book isn't mine. It's somebody else's.这本书不是我的， 是别人的。 4. every-类复合不定代词与否定词连用时，表示部分否定若表示全部否定，要用 no (-)类复合不定代词或在否定句中用 any-类复合不定代词。 Not everyone knows her.不是所有人都认识她。(部分否定) Nobody knows her.没有人认识她。 (全部否定) There isn't anyone in the classroom.教室里没有人。(全部否定) 【特别提醒】 everyone意为“每个人； 人人”， 只指人不指物， 后面不能跟 of短语; every one意为“每个”, 既可指人也可指物,面能跟 of短语。 Is everyone here today?今天大家都到齐了吗? I like every one of his books.他的每本书我都喜欢。 感叹句 考向1 what引导的感叹句的结构 1.What+a/ an+形容词+可数名词单数 [+缩略的陈述句(陈述句的主语通常是代词) ]！ What a brave young man (he is) ! (他是) 一个多勇敢的年轻人啊！ 2.What+形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词 [+缩略的陈述句 (陈述句的主语通常是代词) ]！ What beautiful flowers (they are) !(它们是) 多么漂亮的花啊！ What good news (it is) ! (这是) 多么好的消息啊! 典例 — Hi, guys! Our team won first place in the table tennis match. — exciting news it is! We are so happy about it. A. What B. How C. What an D. How an [解析] 句意：“嗨，伙计们！ 我们队在乒乓球比赛中获得了第一名。”“多么令人兴奋的消息啊！ 我们对此感到很高兴。”本句强调的中心词是不可数名词 news，应用 what引导感叹句，且what后面不加不定冠词。故选A。 考向2 how引导的感叹句的结构 1.How+形容词 [+缩略的陈述句 (陈述句的主语是名词或代词) ]！ (陈述句中的谓语用连系动词) How cool (he looks) ! (他看上去) 多酷啊! 2.How+副词 [+缩略的陈述句 (陈述句的主语是名词或代词) ]！ (陈述句中的谓语用行为动词) How fast (he ran yesterday) ! (他昨天跑得) 多快啊！ 3.How+形容词+a/ an+可数名词单数 [+缩略的陈述句(陈述句的主语通常是代词) ] ！ How tall a tree it is!多么高的一棵树啊! 4.How+缩略的陈述句! How time flies!时光飞逝! 二．写作精讲 本单元围绕 beautiful landscapes (美丽的风景) 这一话题而展开，介绍了一些特别的景观。介绍景观时， 我们可以从以下几个方面着笔：①景观的名称、位置等基本情况； ②景观的地形、地貌、 气候以及特色； ③景观周边设施和活动； ④分享自己对景观的个人感受等。 写作时，人称通常要用第三人称，时态通常要用一般现在时。要将提示内容介绍清楚，还要注意主体部分与开头、结尾的衔接要自然、流畅。 开头句 I will introduce Fujian Tulou to you.我将向你介绍福建土楼。 Let me tell you something about Fujian Tulou.我来给你讲讲福建土楼吧。 中间句 1.有关位置 Tulou mainly lies in...土楼主要位于…… They stand at the foot of/on the top of... 它们在……的脚下/顶部。 2.有关历史 Tulou has a long history of...years. 土楼有……年的悠久历史。 People began to build Tulou in the Song Dynasty.人们在宋朝时期开始建造土楼。 3.有关建筑材料 They are covered with...它们被……覆盖。 Tulou is made of... 土楼由……制成。 4.有关建筑风格 Tulou is in different shapes, such as rounds and squares.土楼有不同的形状，例如圆形和方形。 5.有关功能 People built Tulou to protect them from bad weather and wild animals.人们建造土楼是为了保护自己免受恶劣天气和野兽的侵害。 People living in Tulou feel warm in winter and cool in summer.住在土楼里的人们感到冬暖夏凉。 结尾句 It attracts...tourists every year.它每年吸引……游客。 I believe you will love it as much as I do.我相信你会和我一样喜欢它。 Dear Anna, How are you doing these days? I hear that you are interested in Fujian Tulou. Today I would like to introduce them to you. Fujian Tulou is the world cultural heritage. These buildings mainly lie in Zhangzhou, Longyan andQuanzhou in Fujian Province. People began to build Tulou in the Song Dynasty and in the Ming Dynasty Tulou developed better. Tulou is famous for its building styles. They are mostly made of wood, soil, bamboo and stone. Besides, they are in different shapes such as rounds and squares. In old days, people built Tulou to protect them from bad weather and wild animals. What’s more, people living in Tulou always feel warm in winter and cool in summer. They are so comfortable that people like to live in these buildings. Fujian Tulou attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists every year. I hope you can come here to have a visit one day. Yours, Lin Tao 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$