专题02 完形填空12篇（上海市高考模拟真题）（第二期）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(上海专用)

专题02 完形填空12篇(上海市高考模拟) 基础语篇巩固练 （24-25高三·上海·一模）What phone should I get? That was an important question immediately after the arrival of the iPhone and its competitors. But today’s smartphones (and tablets) are nearly 1 . Apple and Google (maker of Android phone software) have copied each other’s ideas so completely that the resultant phones are incredibly close in looks, price, speed and features. These days the Apples and Googles of the world are 2 on a different battlefield: they’re racing to build the best ecosystem. Each is creating a huge series of interconnected products and services, making it easy for you to accept its offerings and as hard as possible to 3 a competitor’s. For consumers, the choice is now what set of products they like best. If you’re one of these companies, though, you’ve got a difficult decision to make: Should you 4 your services to people who use your competitors’ products? On one hand, making your software available to those outside your ecosystem could introduce the rest of the world to the 5 of your products—and possibly bring in new consumers. On the other hand, you would lose the 6 of those services as an advantage. Why would anyone switch if she or he can already get the best of a competitor’s offerings? So what approach are the giants taking? It’s a(n) 7 bag. Apple is the most closed. 8 , it writes apps only for iPhones and iPads. You can’t, for example, run the Apple Maps app on other companies devices. And you can’t use the Apple Watch with anything but an iPhone. Google goes to great lengths to make its wares available to other platforms. If you have an iPhone, you can use Google’s apps, services and even digital store. You can even link an Android Wear smartwatch with an iPhone. Why such 9 ? It helps to understand the individual corporate 10 . Although the two companies offer so many similar devices and services, each is actually running on an entirely different business model. Apple is primarily in the business of selling hardware; Microsoft, software. Each has different 11 in calculating what to open up. And Apple and Google continue to 12 ; both now offer, if you can believe it, software for your car dashboard (仪表盘) and home-automation system designed to work with their respective smartphones. You, the consumer, should be delighted by this 13 . You should be happy there’s competition, which always brings about innovation (and often lower prices). And you should be pleased that overall the trend seems to be for these companies to make more of their services 14 , no matter which phone or computer you own. Eventually the 15 may well become nearly the same, too. Maybe at that point, the question will once again become, “What phone should I get?” 1．A．unimaginable B．straightforward C．widespread D．identical 2．A．competing B．cooperating C．shrinking D．multiplying 3．A．switch to B．evolve into C．stand for D．set aside 4．A．put up B．take off C．open up D．cut off 5．A．dimension B．superiority C．criterion D．sponsorship 6．A．battle B．business C．uniqueness D．flexibility 7．A．expanded B．filled C．mixed D．deserted 8．A．In general B．By contrast C．What’s more D．On average 9．A．availability B．inconsistency C．thoughtfulness D．independence 10．A．clients B．accounts C．investors D．motives 11．A．courses B．considerations C．conservations D．circumstances 12．A．burst out B．scale up C．turn up D．branch out 13．A．tradition B．tension C．subscription D．direction 14．A．accessible B．interactive C．affordable D．permanent 15．A．companies B．devices C．ecosystems D．prices （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Peyton Thorby was only 8 years old, but this cheerleader proved to already be a star when she performed by herself. The 1 kid was a member of the K-Tech Krakens, and they were ready to compete(竞赛) in the Showcase for Champions Cheerleading Competition in Tampa, Florida. Peyton had been 2 this day for so long. However, when she and her mom 3 as quickly as possible, they 4 such surprising news. Her coaches were there, but for some reason, she was the only member that showed up. This left little Peyton with two 5 . She could quit or she could compete as a team of one. According to her mom, Peyton was a little 6 this news as any child was. Once she 7 herself, though, she made the brave decision to perform 8 without a solo routine(一套动作) planned. “I was 9 a lot, and I felt 10 in my stomach,” Peyton said. Although she felt nervous, Peyton 11 to put together a wonderful solo routine. 12 , this cheerleader even earned herself first place. Needless to say, she was very happy with her decision to take a 13 . “We were all proud of her, telling her how well she did,” her mom said, “because we took pride in not only the fact that she determined to do it by herself, but also the fact that they awarded her the first place trophy(奖杯). That was all a(n) 14 . We had no idea.” Since getting this unbelievable 15 , Peyton has entered the spotlight. 1．A．frightened B．tired C．bored D．talented 2．A．making use of B．looking forward to C．keeping away from D．getting on with 3．A．arrived B．returned C．behaved D．debated 4．A．referred to B．searched for C．learnt about D．turned up 5．A．levels B．rules C．models D．choices 6．A．disappointed at B．eager for C．excited about D．familiar with 7．A．expressed B．collected C．selected D．respected 8．A．above B．about C．away D．alone 9．A．shaking B．exercising C．chatting D．wandering 10．A．unfair B．uncomfortable C．unlucky D．unnecessary 11．A．agreed B．refused C．managed D．afford 12．A．Actually B．Adventurously C．Safely D．Hurriedly 13．A．break B．look C．chance D．breath 14．A．measure B．order C．promise D．surprise 15．A．example B．achievement C．quality D．opinion （24-25高三上·上海·期中）In front of you are four decks of cards (四副牌) - two red and two blue. Each card in these decks either adds or 1 points from your score. Your task is to draw cards one at a time to maximize your score. What you don’t know is that the red decks are problematic. While the rewards are high, the risks are too, and drawing from the red decks can lead to substantial losses. The blue decks, on the other hand, provide 2 , modest rewards with fewer penalties (惩罚). The question is: how long will it take you to 3 the difference? Scientists at the University of Iowa conducted this experiment to explore how humans process risk and make decisions. They found that after about fifty cards, most participants developed a feeling about the red decks being 4 . After around eighty cards, the players could 5 clearly why the red decks were a poor choice. This process is straightforward: we gather experience, think about it, and develop a theory based on evidence. This is how our mind works - it 6 through a problem and arrives at a conclusion. 7 , the Iowa researchers observed something else. They measured the activity of participants’ sweat glands (腺) as they played and noticed that the players’ hands began to sweat around the tenth card - long before they 8 the red decks as problematic. Their behavior began to change around this point as well, with players subconsciously 9 the blue decks. This suggests that our brain operates on two levels: the conscious and the unconscious. The conscious mind is purposeful, using 10 and reasoning to reach conclusions, while the unconscious mind works faster, picking up on patterns and problems with little information. The researchers imply that the unconscious mind is good at recognizing dangers 11 . While the conscious mind takes around eighty cards to come to a conclusion, the unconscious mind starts working after just ten cards. This fast, natural thinking process is referred to as the “adaptive unconscious.” It allows us to make quick decisions based on 12 data - a skill that has been essential for human survival. This idea of the adaptive unconscious 13 the idea that slow, purposeful thought is always superior. We often believe that taking more time leads to better decisions, but there are moments — especially in stressful situations - when quick judgments can be just as 14 , if not more so. The adaptive unconscious processes information rapidly, enabling us to respond quickly to threats or opportunities, even before we are fully 15 them. 1．A．makes for B．turns on C．looks into D．takes away 2．A．consistent B．considerable C．financial D．indirect 3．A．make up B．pay back C．ask about D．figure out 4．A．bad B．valuable C．random D．few 5．A．wonder B．explain C．forget D．predict 6．A．gathers B．flows C．matters D．reasons 7．A．Unfortunately B．Instead C．However D．Accordingly 8．A．ignored B．guessed C．identified D．started 9．A．investigating B．favoring C．verifying D．resetting 10．A．logic B．technology C．force D．assistance 11．A．actively B．blindly C．quickly D．dutifully 12．A．enough B．latest C．limited D．missing 13．A．challenges B．supports C．develops D．examines 14．A．controversial B．effective C．specific D．general 15．A．independent of B．capable of C．worthy of D．aware of （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Out-of-towners have long flocked to St Ives. Artists such as J. M W. Turner and Barbara Hepworth were 1 to the town’s clear light. Others come for the seafood and sandy beaches. Even the town’s notoriously aggressive seagulls, who dive-bomb unsuspecting tourists and steal their Cornish pasties, are not enough to 2 outsiders. But St Ives’s popularity has a downside: visitors 3 the local housing market. Locals worry that the town is becoming a playground for rich Londoners, who in the summer months arrive on the sleeper train from Paddington. At the last count, a quarter of the dwellings in St Ives were second homes or 4 . So in May 2016 locals decided to do something about it, voting in a referendum (公投) to introduce a “principal-residence policy”, which stops newly built houses in the town being used as second homes. The thinking went that by stopping holidaymakers from snapping up new-builds, housing would become more 5 to people who live in St Ives all year round. Building firms and DIY shops, for whom second-homers are prized customers, 6 the plan. One property firm even challenged the policy in the High Court. But the legal challenge failed and the second-home ban 7 . Since then a few other Cornish towns have introduced their own versions of the policy. Those involved in designing the plan say that, three years on, it is too early to 8 its impact. But official statistics suggest that excluding second-home buyers from the new-build market has removed a big source of 9 . The price of new homes in the town is 13% below what it might have been if the previous growth rate had continued. Locals 10 to afford a property may like the sound of this. But it has had an unwelcome side-effect: house building has 11 . Developers who bought land when it was pricier can in some cases no longer sell homes at a profit. Others may be holding off from breaking ground in the hope that the policy is 12 . In 2015 Acorn Property Group, a local firm, was about to buy a site for 34 homes,14 of them “affordable” (i.e., sold or let at below-market rates). But the policy made the scheme 13 because the open-market dwellings could no longer subsidize (资助) the affordable ones, the company says. Meanwhile, second-home buyers in St Ives seem to be shifting their attention to 14 buildings, which are not covered by the policy. Data from Hamptons International, a property firm suggest that in St Ives second-homers form a larger share of transactions than before the policy came into force. 15 new-builds, prices have continued to climb. That represents a windfall (意外之财) to locals who already own their homes —and may eventually persuade even more of them to cash in and move out. 1．A．sent B．drawn C．attached D．committed 2．A．take in B．put off C．fight far D．put down 3．A．expand B．lose C．create D．dominate 4．A．holiday lets B．industrial lands C．hi-tech zones D．waste areas 5．A．comfortable B．convenient C．affordable D．important 6．A．advocated B．revised C．presented D．opposed 7．A．fell through B．lagged behind C．went ahead D．came over 8．A．assess B．maximize C．resist D．appreciate 9．A．authority B．income C．conflict D．demand 10．A．refusing B．struggling C．managing D．claiming 11．A．suffered B．changed C．boomed D．disappeared 12．A．passed B．complimented C．justified D．abandoned 13．A．infeasible B．urgent C．distinctive D．unpopular 14．A．newly-bulit B．rural C．urban D．existing 15．A．Rather than B．Thanks to C．Except for D．Regardless of （2025·上海徐汇·一模）When is anger justified? Anger is a complicated emotion. But is it ever morally right to be angry? And if so, when? One of the most foundational understandings of 1 comes from the Greek philosopher Aristotle. In his model, there’s a sweet spot for our actions and emotional reactions, and it’s up to you to develop practical wisdom about when you should feel what and how strongly to feel it. 2 , let’s say you’ re going to sleep early because you have an important meeting tomorrow and your neighbor just started playing loud music. If you can’t sleep, you might ruin your meeting, so feeling angry is definitely 3 . But how much anger should you feel? And what actions, if any, should you take? To answer these questions, Aristotle would need to know more details. Have you 4 talked to your neighbor about this issue? Is it a reasonable time to be playing music? Is your neighbor trying to 5 you, or are they just enjoying their evening? Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for handling 6 conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to 7 for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is 8 . No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable 9 for your frustration. Although it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other 10 . In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so 11 it would harm our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be 12 . For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be 13 to treat their moral mistakes like those of adults. So when should you 14 anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is 15 polluting the water supply. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress(压制)your anger, instead of channeling it into positive action. 1．A．motion B．passion C．urge D．anger 2．A．In conclusion B．However C．What’s more D．For example 3．A．exceptional B．understandable C．useless D．tragic 4．A．remotely B．reluctantly C．previously D．ultimately 5．A．upset B．conquer C．imitate D．motivate 6．A．commercial B．domestic C．cultural D．interpersonal 7．A．consult B．blame C．reject D．hide 8．A．discovered B．locked C．untouched D．exploded 9．A．target B．boundary C．position D．reason 10．A．accountable B．adorable C．memorable D．sustainable 11．A．expressing B．removing C．releasing D．following 12．A．simple B．dangerous C．tricky D．sufficient 13．A．mature B．wise C．easy D．wrong 14．A．bring down B．act on C．bottle up D．hold back 15．A．illegally B．remotely C．steadily D．inevitably （2025·上海黄浦·一模）Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop. Almost anyone can learn to develop their reward sensitivity by 1 themselves to notice and experience their positive emotions. To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of 2 . It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel. This will make you less likely to 3 positive experiences. After you’ve enjoyed that 4 moment, close your eyes and recount out loud where and when you experienced the greatest joy. The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it, thus 5 your memory of them, and increasing your motivation to seek them out going forward. Here are some other adjustments you can make to develop a positive mind-set. Expand your joy 6 : Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them. When reflecting on how something made you feel, try to be 7 , using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great. Share your highlight reel (高光时刻): 8 what made you happiest can make you feel better. Spread that happiness to another person — and also strengthen a bond. Find bright sides: With practice, it’s possible to 9 the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative. For example, if you invited co-workers to get together and only one person showed up, you could easily view that as a (n) 10 . But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better. Forecast future wins: If you’re tight scheduled, pick an event that’s approaching and think of the best possible 11 . If you’re tired, 12 smiling at your friend across the room, feeling proud. Using imagery can encourage motivation and get you ready for more 13 experiences. Keep in mind, too, that it’s normal to feel 14 with pleasurable feelings sometimes, particularly if you experience depression and anxiety. Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats — but by constantly 15 disaster, we miss the happiness in front of us right now. Sometimes we need to behave like happy people if we actually want to be happy. 1．A．attracting B．demonstrating C．entertaining D．training 2．A．accomplishment B．belonging C．identity D．responsibility 3．A．broaden B．postpone C．provide D．share 4．A．critical B．daily C．rare D．spare 5．A．recalling B．recovering C．searching D．strengthening 6．A．reflection B．selection C．trial D．vocabulary 7．A．brief B．creative C．precise D．secure 8．A．Broadcasting B．Choosing C．Defining D．Wondering 9．A．cover B．divide C．teach D．notice 10．A．failure B．opportunity C．reward D．surprise 11．A．initiative B．outcome C．prize D．solution 12．A．avoid B．imagine C．practice D．try 13．A．direct B．inspiring C．sensory D．shared 14．A．content B．distracted C．easy D．uncomfortable 15．A．ending in B．guarding against C．heading for D．preparing for （24-25高三上·上海松江·期末）At the ancient Olympics in Greece, athletes weren’t the only stars of the show. The game also attracted poets, who recited their works for eager audiences. Competitors employed bigger names to write poems of their 1 , which choruses performed at celebrations. Physical strength and 2 skills were closely linked. Thousands of years later, this image 3 Pierre de Coubertin, a French nobleman known as the founder of the modern Olympics. The nobleman believed the world should value the harmony of arts and athletics. The idea can be traced back to Plato’ s Republic, in which Socrates highlights the virtue of education that combines “gymnastics for the body and music for the 4 . ” Coubertin pictured a competition that would 5 muscle and mind. But his fellow organizers never fully shared his vision. The 1896 Games included only 6 competitions, such as swimming and fencing. Several new events, for instance, water polo in 1900 and boxing in1904, made their first appearance; 7 , muscle and mind remained firmly unrelated. Coubertin 8 — on August 5, 1904, he published an article, writing “… the arts and literature joined with sport to ensure the greatness of the Olympic Games. The same must be true in the future. . . ” when officials announced that Rome would host the 1908 Olympics. Coubertin argued that the partnership of sport and art had outlasted the destruction of Olympia, and the time had come to 9 this ideal completely. Since the first three modern Games had gotten the ball rolling, it was “possible and 10 to bring muscles and thought together again. ” Two years later, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) held a conference to seriously discuss “to what extent and in what form the arts and literature can participate. ” The event program listed several arts categories that were 11 . Officials ultimately agreed to add five arts competitions to the Olympics in 1908: literature, painting, sculpture, music and architecture. All works entered into these categories, 12 named the Pentathlon of the Muses (缪斯五项) . They would need to be inspired by sports, bringing back the ancient harmony that Coubertin had 13 . In 1949, 12 years after Coubertin’s death, nevertheless, the IOC decided to 14 the art competitions, citing that most of the participants relied on their artistic work for a living and it was illogical to allow professionals to win Olympic medals. Today there are occasional 15 to bring the artistic competitions back. We do hope one day we can witness a wholly new Olympics. 1．A．knowledge B．victories C．interests D．liberty 2．A．sporting B．academic C．literary D．communicative 3．A．disturbed B．charmed C．tricked D．described 4．A．organizers B．competitors C．public D．soul 5．A．reunite B．compare C．distinguish D．refresh 6．A．athletic B．popular C．amateur D．fierce 7．A．otherwise B．likewise C．however D．moreover 8．A．stressed out B．felt prejudiced C．moved forward D．settled down 9．A．challenge B．restore C．evaluate D．abandon 10．A．troublesome B．imaginative C．annoying D．desirable 11．A．under control B．under consideration C．in use D．in progress 12．A．typically B．confusingly C．frequently D．collectively 13．A．expected B．suspended C．created D．legalized 14．A．justify B．discontinue C．stage D．enrich 15．A．rejections B．guidelines C．calls D．decisions （2025·上海奉贤·一模）The rigid corridors of Welton Academy carried the weight of tradition and conformity (循规蹈矩). John Keating, an English teacher with a (n) 1 of mystery and passion, stepped into the academy like a breath of freshness in a dull room. His very presence was a (n) 2 to the long-established norms of the school. He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. 3 , he had a unique way of making the words come alive. In his first class, he walked into the room, a twinkle in his eye, and led the boys out into the hallway. Pointing at the old, faded pictures of former students, he said, “Carpe diem, boys. Seize the day. Make your lives 4 . These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions.” His special haven, the “Whispers of the Bard,” was a magical place hidden away from the 5 eyes of the school authorities. Here, under the open sky, Keating would gather the students around him. He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm that the words seemed to 6 in the air. “Poetry, ” he told them, “is not just about rhymes and meters. It’s the language of the 7 . It’s the way we express the deepest desires and the wildest dreams that we hold 8 us.” He encouraged each student to find their own voice between the lines of the great poets. To Neil Perry, who had a hidden passion for the 9 burning like a small fire in his heart, Keating was like a guiding star. He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you. Don’t let anyone even your father 10 your light. Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.” He helped Neil practice his lines, showing him how to 11 his emotions through every word. Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident, believing that he could even 12 what his father expected of him. For Todd Anderson, who was shy and often 13 by his brother seemingly excellent at everything, Keating noticed his talent for seeing the deeper meaning in literature. “Todd, ” he said, “your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world. Don’t be afraid to 14 . Your interpretations are as valuable as any other’s. ” With Keating’s encouraging words, Todd started to come out of his 15 , finding the courage to speak up and express himself. Keating’s encouragement was like a gentle wind that blew through the lives of these students, fanning the flames of their dreams and giving them the strength to pursue what they truly loved. 1．A．air B．gesture C．mood D．outlook 2．A．threat B．barrier C．challenge D．opportunity 3．A．However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Moreover 4．A．mysterious B．extraordinary C．practical D．specific 5．A．caring B．shining C．wandering D．watching 6．A．dance B．float C．move D．slide 7．A．insight B．innocence C．soul D．sense 8．A．between B．upon C．into D．within 9．A．poetry B．stage C．match D．music 10．A．dim B．adjust C．flash D．fuel 11．A．conceal B．project C．stimulate D．sustain 12．A．fall within B．persist in C．keep off D．go beyond 13．A．overseen B．overshadowed C．overestimated D．overlooked 14．A．step away B．fit in C．stand out D．push forward 15．A．routine B．shell C．circle D．space （24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in 1 . An example at hand is the 2 of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college 3 . The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is 4 today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is 5 . 6 , greater parental involvement does not indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children. In the context of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their 7 children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be 8 their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so was not 9 a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents — today’s grandparents — would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a 10 . Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent 11 of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are 12 for more money to be sent from home. This 13 is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past. 14 the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes 15 the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings. 1．A．attitudes B．relations C．lifestyles D．definitions 2．A．absence B．affection C．involvement D．panic 3．A．laboratories B．libraries C．canteens D．dormitories 4．A．greater B．busier C．harder D．gentler 5．A．casual B．appropriate C．genuine D．logical 6．A．Also B．However C．Instead D．Thus 7．A．disciplined B．spoiled C．grown D．educated 8．A．in memory of B．in charge of C．on behalf of D．in touch with 9．A．ready B．present C．alone D．worth 10．A．barrier B．conflict C．responsibility D．heartbreaker 11．A．channel B．mode C．subject D．medium 12．A．requests B．preferences C．votes D．sacrifices 13．A．technology B．routine C．motion D．phenomenon 14．A．Regardless of B．Along with C．Rather than D．Thanks to 15．A．identify with B．complain of C．result from D．account for （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Better diagnoses. Personalized support for patients. Faster drug discovery. Greater efficiency. Artificial intelligence (AD) is generating excitement and hyperbole (夸张) everywhere, but in the field of health care it has the potential to be 1 . In Europe analysts predict that deploying AI could save hundreds of thousands of lives each year; in America, they say, it could also save money, shaving $200 to $360 billion from overall annual medical spending, now $4.5 trillion a year (or 17% of GDP). From smart stethoscopes (听诊器) and robot surgeons to the analysis of large data sets or the ability to chat to a medical AI with a human face, opportunities 2 . There is already evidence that AI systems can enhance 3 accuracy and disease tracking, improve the prediction of patients’ outcomes and suggest better treatments. It can also boost efficiency in hospitals and surgeries by 4 tasks such as medical transcription and monitoring patients, and by streamlining administration. It may already be 5 the time it takes for new drugs to reach clinical trials. New tools, including generative AI, could supercharge these abilities. Yet as our Technology Quarterly this week shows, 6 AI has been used in health care for many years, integration has been slow and the results have often been of average standard. There are good and bad reasons for this. The good reasons are that health care demands high evidentiary 7 when introducing new tools, to protect patients’ safety. The bad reasons involve data, regulation and incentives. Overcoming them could hold lessons for AI in other fields. AI systems learn by processing huge volumes of data, something health-care providers have in abundance. But health data is highly fragmented; strict rules control its use. Governments recognize that patients want their medical 8 protected. But patients also want better and more personalized care. Each year roughly 800,000 Americans suffer from poor medical decision- making. Improving accuracy and reducing 9 in AI tools requires them to be trained on large data sets that reflect patients’ full diversity. Finding secure ways to allow health data to move more freely would help. But it could benefit patients, too: they should be given the right to 10 their own records in a digital format. Consumer-health firms are already making use of data from wearables, with varying success. 11 patients’ records would let people make fuller use of their data and take more responsibility for their health. Another problem is managing and 12 these innovations. In many countries the governance of AI in health, as in other areas, is struggling to keep up with the rapid pace of innovation. Regulatory authorities may be slow to approve new AI tools or may lack capacity and expertise. Governments need to 13 regulators assessing new AI tools. They also need to fill regulatory gaps in the surveillance of adverse events, and in the continuous monitoring of algorithms to ensure they remain accurate, safe, effective and transparent. That will be hard. One solution would be for countries to work together, to learn from each other and create minimum global standards. A less 14 international regulatory system would also help create a market in which small companies can innovate. Poorer countries, with less developed health infrastructure, have much to gain from introducing new tools, such as an AI-powered portable ultrasound device for obstetrics. Because the 15 to an AI tool is often no treatment at all, they may even be able to leapfrog the entrenched health systems of rich countries — though a lack of data, connectivity and computing power will get in the way. 1．A．transformational B．exaggerated C．informative D．capitalized 2．A．popularize B．dominate C．outstand D．flourish 3．A．technological B．administrative C．diagnostic D．theoretical 4．A．getting into B．taking on C．breaking through D．hanging out 5．A．speeding B．devoting C．budgeting D．killing 6．A．whenever B．since C．unless D．although 7．A．certificates B．barriers C．interventions D．qualifications 8．A．interest B．insurance C．symptom D．privacy 9．A．rumors B．misfortunes C．bias D．defeats 10．A．access B．clarify C．investigate D．preserve 11．A．Chronological B．Authentic C．Portable D．Documentary 12．A．advancing B．exploiting C．resisting D．regulating 13．A．dismiss B．anticipate C．facilitate D．stimulate 14．A．exclusive B．problematic C．complex D．indulgent 15．A．counterpart B．alternative C．rival D．contrary 重难语篇拔高练 （24-25高三上·上海·期中）How Do You Know You’re Not in the Matrix? At the heart of the philosophy of Aristotle and St Thomas Aquinas is the idea that we come into contact with reality through the senses. But what if our senses are not a(n) 1 source? Perhaps our senses are deceiving us, and everything we perceive isn’t real but is an illusion like in the movie The Matrix. This 2 of sense knowledge was part of Rene Descartes’s methodic doubt, which many radical (激进的) skeptics have adopted. Descartes argued: whatever I have up till now accepted as most true I have acquired either from the senses or through the senses. But I have found that the senses may deceive me 3 , and it is sensible never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once. And one example Descartes gives as evidence is the fact that objects at a distance look smaller than what they are. But this is not deception. The sense of sight is reporting 4 what it perceives. As D．Q. McInerny says, “This is the sense of sight functioning just as it should, in order to give me a proper knowledge of 5 ”. Only when one made the judgement that “the man is small and then becomes big” would 6 come in. Truth and falsity do not 7 sensory perception but the fact of judging that perception. Another 8 with Descartes’s reason for doubting sensory perception is that he relies on only one sensory power. It’s often the case that in order to test whether one sense is deceiving us, we must 9 another sense. To use an example that many radical skeptics do to justify their doubt of sense knowledge. I may perceive the stick 10 immersed in water as crooked (弯曲). How do I determine whether what I perceive is actually the case? I pick up the stick. When I do so, I judge the stick is actually 11 . But in order to make a correct judgment about the stick, I use another sensory power—namely, 12 —that I must trust in order to make the proper judgment. With regard to Descartes’s example, in order to make a sound judgment about the 13 of the man walking up the street, Descartes would have to make contact with him through the sense of touch and measure him, which requires trust in sense knowledge. Furthermore, Descartes’s recognition of the man’s small stature (身高) as 14 presupposes his trust in his previous sensory experience of the man’s tall stature. As Ralph McInerny notes, “Descartes must trust his senses in order to challenge them.” So, if it’s reasonable to trust sense knowledge, and the senses put us into contact with the 15 world, then we can have greater certainty that what we perceive is objectively real. 1．A．external B．primary C．reliable D．alternative 2．A．disbelief B．application C．branch D．command 3．A．in no case B．out of nowhere C．by all means D．now and then 4．A．accurately B．independently C．accidentally D．randomly 5．A．philosophy B．distance C．nature D．life 6．A．analysis B．error C．change D．reflection 7．A．lead to B．serve as C．identify with D．lie in 8．A．problem B．consideration C．advantage D．perspective 9．A．abandon B．regain C．sharpen D．employ 10．A．barely B．wrongly C．partially D．completely 11．A．hollow B．straight C．thick D．bent 12．A．smell B．sight C．touch D．taste 13．A．size B．status C．age D．weight 14．A．scientific B．unusual C．reasonable D．horrifying 15．A．imaginary B．private C．contemporary D．outside （24-25高三下·上海·开学考试）As newborns, we enter the world by inhaling. In leaving, we exhale. (In fact, in many languages the word “exhale” is synonymous with “ 1 .”) Breathing is so central to life that it is no wonder humankind long ago noted its value not only to survival but to the 2 of the body and mind and began controlling it to improve well-being. As early as the first millennium B．C．, both the Tao religion of China and Hinduism placed importance on a “vital principle” that flows through the body, a kind of energy or internal breath. The Chinese call this energy qi, and Hindus call it prana (one of the key concepts of yoga). A little later, in the West, the Greek term pheuma and the Hebrew term ruah both 3 the breath and the divine presence. 4 for how to modulate(调节) breathing and influence health and mind appeared centuries ago as well. Pranayama(“breath retention”) yoga was the first to build a theory around respiratory(呼吸的) control, holding that 5 breathing was a way to increase longevity. In more modern times, German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz developed “autogenic training” in the 1920s as a method of 6 . The approach is partly 7 slow and deep breathing and is probably still the best-known breathing technique for relaxation in the West today. Yoga and meditation have inspired many of the breathing exercises used today. The 8 of controlled respiration were first theoretically suggested centuries ago by the practitioners of pranayama yoga. What is the best time to 9 slow-breathing techniques? One is during occasional episodes of 10 —for example, before taking an exam, competing in a sporting event or even attending a routine meeting at work. These exercises may also help when insomnia strikes. In 2012 Suzanne M. Bertisch of Harvard Medical School and her colleagues reported, based on survey data, that more than 20 percent of American insomniacs do these breathing exercises to have a 11 sleep. But respiratory techniques do not work only for acute stresses or sleep problems; they can also relieve chronic anxiety. They are particularly 12 in people with psychiatric disorders such as phobias(恐惧症), depression and post-traumatic stress disorder(创伤后压力). In 2015 Stefania Doria and her colleagues at Fatebenefratellie Oftalmico Hospital in Milan, Italy, offered 10 training sessions to 69 patients with anxiety or depressive disorders. The researchers observed a significant 13 in symptoms at the end of the sessions. But why confine breathing techniques to 14 emotions? It is also worth applying them during pleasurable moments, to take the time to appreciate and remember them. In short, one can pause and breathe for 15 as well as to calm down. 1．A．changing B．recovering C．dying D．destroying 2．A．strengthening B．maintaining C．building D．functioning 3．A．dealt with B．referred to C．led to D．consisted of 4．A．Policies B．Recommendations C．Clues D．Habits 5．A．labored B．slowed C．deepened D．controlled 6．A．relaxation B．development C．illustration D．communication 7．A．based on B．intended for C．adapted to D．compared with 8．A．difficulties B．performances C．benefits D．harms 9．A．improve B．master C．apply D．pioneer 10．A．thrill B．stress C．excitement D．calm 11．A．restless B．dreamy C．light D．profound 12．A．sensitive B．powerful C．effective D．safe 13．A．decrease B．discovery C．difference D．development 14．A．diverse B．delicate C．personal D．negative 15．A．anxiety B．enjoyment C．fear D．relief 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 完形填空12篇(上海市高考模拟) 基础语篇巩固练 （24-25高三·上海·一模）What phone should I get? That was an important question immediately after the arrival of the iPhone and its competitors. But today’s smartphones (and tablets) are nearly 1 . Apple and Google (maker of Android phone software) have copied each other’s ideas so completely that the resultant phones are incredibly close in looks, price, speed and features. These days the Apples and Googles of the world are 2 on a different battlefield: they’re racing to build the best ecosystem. Each is creating a huge series of interconnected products and services, making it easy for you to accept its offerings and as hard as possible to 3 a competitor’s. For consumers, the choice is now what set of products they like best. If you’re one of these companies, though, you’ve got a difficult decision to make: Should you 4 your services to people who use your competitors’ products? On one hand, making your software available to those outside your ecosystem could introduce the rest of the world to the 5 of your products—and possibly bring in new consumers. On the other hand, you would lose the 6 of those services as an advantage. Why would anyone switch if she or he can already get the best of a competitor’s offerings? So what approach are the giants taking? It’s a(n) 7 bag. Apple is the most closed. 8 , it writes apps only for iPhones and iPads. You can’t, for example, run the Apple Maps app on other companies devices. And you can’t use the Apple Watch with anything but an iPhone. Google goes to great lengths to make its wares available to other platforms. If you have an iPhone, you can use Google’s apps, services and even digital store. You can even link an Android Wear smartwatch with an iPhone. Why such 9 ? It helps to understand the individual corporate 10 . Although the two companies offer so many similar devices and services, each is actually running on an entirely different business model. Apple is primarily in the business of selling hardware; Microsoft, software. Each has different 11 in calculating what to open up. And Apple and Google continue to 12 ; both now offer, if you can believe it, software for your car dashboard (仪表盘) and home-automation system designed to work with their respective smartphones. You, the consumer, should be delighted by this 13 . You should be happy there’s competition, which always brings about innovation (and often lower prices). And you should be pleased that overall the trend seems to be for these companies to make more of their services 14 , no matter which phone or computer you own. Eventually the 15 may well become nearly the same, too. Maybe at that point, the question will once again become, “What phone should I get?” 1．A．unimaginable B．straightforward C．widespread D．identical 2．A．competing B．cooperating C．shrinking D．multiplying 3．A．switch to B．evolve into C．stand for D．set aside 4．A．put up B．take off C．open up D．cut off 5．A．dimension B．superiority C．criterion D．sponsorship 6．A．battle B．business C．uniqueness D．flexibility 7．A．expanded B．filled C．mixed D．deserted 8．A．In general B．By contrast C．What’s more D．On average 9．A．availability B．inconsistency C．thoughtfulness D．independence 10．A．clients B．accounts C．investors D．motives 11．A．courses B．considerations C．conservations D．circumstances 12．A．burst out B．scale up C．turn up D．branch out 13．A．tradition B．tension C．subscription D．direction 14．A．accessible B．interactive C．affordable D．permanent 15．A．companies B．devices C．ecosystems D．prices 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能手机及其相关生态系统的发展和竞争状况，以及不同公司采取的不同策略。文章通过解释苹果和谷歌等公司的商业模式和策略，向读者展示了智能手机市场的现状和未来趋势。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个重要的问题。但如今的智能手机（和平板电脑）几乎如出一辙。A. unimaginable难以想象的；B. straightforward直截了当的；C. widespread广泛的；D. identical相同的。根据下文“Apple and Google (maker of Android phone software) have copied each other’s ideas so completely that the resultant phones are incredibly close in looks, price, speed and features.”可知，如今的手机等智能设备都很相似。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，像苹果和谷歌这样的世界巨头正在不同的战场上展开竞争：他们正争相打造最佳的生态系统。A. competing竞争；B. cooperating合作；C. shrinking缩小；D. multiplying乘、增加。根据下文“they’re racing to build the best ecosystem.”可知，苹果和谷歌这样的世界巨头正在不同的战场上展开竞争。故选A。 3．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：每家公司都在创建一系列庞大的互联产品和服务，让你轻松接受他们的产品，同时尽可能增加你转向竞争对手产品的难度。A. switch to转向；B. evolve into演变成；C. stand for代表；D. set aside留出。根据上文“Each is creating a huge series of interconnected products and services, making it easy for you to accept its offerings”可知，每家公司都在创建一系列庞大的互联产品和服务，使你不愿意转向竞争对手的产品。故选A。 4．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，如果你是这些公司中的一员，你就得做出一个艰难的决定：你是否应该向使用你竞争对手产品的人开放你的服务？A. put up张贴；B. take off脱下、起飞；C. open up打开；D. cut off切断。根据下文“On one hand, making your software available to those outside your ecosystem could introduce the rest of the world to the  ____5____  of your products—and possibly bring in new consumers.”空处指的是向使用你竞争对手产品的人开放你的服务。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一方面，向生态系统之外的人提供你的软件可能会让全世界都了解你产品的优越性，并可能带来新的消费者。A. dimension维度；B. superiority优越性；C. criterion标准；D. sponsorship赞助。根据下文“possibly bring in new consumers”可知，空处指的是向生态系统之外的人提供你的软件可能会让全世界都了解你产品的优越性，从而带来新的消费者。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，你会失去这些服务的独特性所带来的优势。A. battle战斗；B. business商业；C. uniqueness独特性；D. flexibility灵活性。根据下文“Why would anyone switch if she or he can already get the best of a competitor’s offerings?”可知，如果向使用对手公司产品的人开放自己的服务，就会失去自己服务的独特性，而这些顾客既然能享受你的服务，又怎么愿意放弃自己本来所使用的产品。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，这些巨头们正在采取什么策略呢？情况复杂多样。A. expanded扩大的；B. filled填满的；C. mixed混合的、复杂的；D. deserted被遗弃的。根据下文“Apple is the most closed.”以及“Google goes to great lengths to make its wares available to other platforms.”可知，每家公司的情况都不一样，复杂多样。故选C。 8．考查短语词义辨析。句意：通常，它只为iPhone和iPad编写应用程序。A. In general一般来说；B. By contrast相比之下；C. What’s more此外；D. On average平均来说。根据下文“it writes apps only for iPhones and iPads. You can’t, for example, run the Apple Maps app on other companies devices.”可知，这是Apple公司的一贯做法。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么会有这种不一致呢？A. availability可用性；B. inconsistency不一致；C. thoughtfulness体贴；D. independence独立。根据上文“Apple is the most closed.”以及“Google goes to great lengths to make its wares available to other platforms.”可知，这些公司的做法不一致。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：理解各公司的个别动机有帮助。A. clients客户；B. accounts账户；C. investors投资者；D. motives动机。根据下文“Although the two companies offer so many similar devices and services, each is actually running on an entirely different business model. Apple is primarily in the business of selling hardware; Microsoft, software. Each has different  ____11____  in calculating what to open up.”可知，下文提到了两家公司的不同做法以及发展方向。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在计算应开放什么时，每家公司都有不同的考量。A. courses课程；B. considerations考虑；C. conservations保护；D. circumstances环境、情况。根据上文“Although the two companies offer so many similar devices and services, each is actually running on an entirely different business model. Apple is primarily in the business of selling hardware; Microsoft, software.”可知，两家公司在考虑开放方向时有不同的考虑。故选B。 12．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：苹果和谷歌仍在不断拓展业务；如今，如果你相信的话，这两家公司都提供汽车仪表盘软件和旨在与各自智能手机配合使用的家庭自动化系统软件。A. burst out突然爆发；B. scale up扩大规模；C. turn up出现、调高；D. branch out拓展。根据下文“both now offer, if you can believe it, software for your car dashboard (仪表盘) and home-automation system designed to work with their respective smartphones.”可知，这两家公司还在拓展业务。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为消费者，你应该对这一趋势感到高兴。A. tradition传统；B. tension紧张；C. subscription订阅；D. direction方向。根据上文内容可知，上文提到了两家公司的发展方向。故选D。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你还应该感到高兴的是，总体而言，这些公司的趋势似乎是要让他们的服务更加普及，无论你拥有哪款手机或电脑。A. accessible可得到的、可进入的；B. interactive互动的；C. affordable承担得起；D. permanent永久的。根据上文“If you’re one of these companies, though, you’ve got a difficult decision to make: Should you  ____4____  your services to people who use your competitors’ products?”以及全文内容可知，这些商业巨头都是在让自己的服务更加普及。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，这些生态系统也可能变得非常相似。A. companies公司；B. devices设备；C. ecosystems生态系统；D. prices价格。空处为原词重现，根据上文“These days the Apples and Googles of the world are ____2____ on a different battlefield: they’re racing to build the best ecosystem.”空处指的是这些商业巨头的生态系统。故选C。 （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Peyton Thorby was only 8 years old, but this cheerleader proved to already be a star when she performed by herself. The 1 kid was a member of the K-Tech Krakens, and they were ready to compete(竞赛) in the Showcase for Champions Cheerleading Competition in Tampa, Florida. Peyton had been 2 this day for so long. However, when she and her mom 3 as quickly as possible, they 4 such surprising news. Her coaches were there, but for some reason, she was the only member that showed up. This left little Peyton with two 5 . She could quit or she could compete as a team of one. According to her mom, Peyton was a little 6 this news as any child was. Once she 7 herself, though, she made the brave decision to perform 8 without a solo routine(一套动作) planned. “I was 9 a lot, and I felt 10 in my stomach,” Peyton said. Although she felt nervous, Peyton 11 to put together a wonderful solo routine. 12 , this cheerleader even earned herself first place. Needless to say, she was very happy with her decision to take a 13 . “We were all proud of her, telling her how well she did,” her mom said, “because we took pride in not only the fact that she determined to do it by herself, but also the fact that they awarded her the first place trophy(奖杯). That was all a(n) 14 . We had no idea.” Since getting this unbelievable 15 , Peyton has entered the spotlight. 1．A．frightened B．tired C．bored D．talented 2．A．making use of B．looking forward to C．keeping away from D．getting on with 3．A．arrived B．returned C．behaved D．debated 4．A．referred to B．searched for C．learnt about D．turned up 5．A．levels B．rules C．models D．choices 6．A．disappointed at B．eager for C．excited about D．familiar with 7．A．expressed B．collected C．selected D．respected 8．A．above B．about C．away D．alone 9．A．shaking B．exercising C．chatting D．wandering 10．A．unfair B．uncomfortable C．unlucky D．unnecessary 11．A．agreed B．refused C．managed D．afford 12．A．Actually B．Adventurously C．Safely D．Hurriedly 13．A．break B．look C．chance D．breath 14．A．measure B．order C．promise D．surprise 15．A．example B．achievement C．quality D．opinion 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了啦啦队员Peyton Thorby独自代表啦啦队获得了一等奖的故事。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位天才儿童是K-Tech Krakens的一员，她们准备在佛罗里达州坦帕市的冠军啦啦队比赛中竞争。A. frightened害怕的；B. tired劳累的；C. bored无聊的；D. talented有才能的。根据上文“but this cheerleader proved to already be a star when she performed by herself”可知，Peyton Thorby是有才能的啦啦队员。故选D项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：佩顿期待这一天已经很久了。A. making use of利用；B. looking forward to期待；C. keeping away from远离；D. getting on with与……相处得好。根据上文“they were ready to compete(竞赛) in the Showcase for Champions Cheerleading Competition in Tampa, Florida.”可知，作为有才能的运动员，Peyton Thorby期待比赛的这一天很久了。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当她和她的妈妈尽快赶到时，她们得知了如此令人惊讶的消息。A. arrived到达；B. returned返回；C. behaved表现；D. debated辩论。根据下文“ she was the only member that showed up”可知，她和妈妈尽快到达了比赛现场。故选A项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，当她和她的妈妈尽快赶到时，她们得知了如此令人惊讶的消息。A. referred to指的是；B. searched for搜寻；C. learnt about了解，得知；D. turned up出现，露面。根据下文“Her coaches were there, but for some reason, she was the only member that showed up.”可知，当她们到达比赛地时，得知她是唯一出现的选手。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这让小佩顿有两个选择。A. levels水平；B. rules规则；C. models模型；D. choices选择。根据下文“She could quit or she could compete as a team of one.”可知，佩顿面临两个选择。故选D项。 6．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：据她妈妈说，佩顿和其他孩子一样，听到这个消息有点失望。A. disappointed at对……失望；B. eager for对……渴望；C. excited about对……激动；D. familiar with对……熟悉。根据“this news as any child was”及上文讲到只有佩顿一个人出现可知，佩顿对于这个消息有点失望。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，她很快镇定下来，做出了一个勇敢的决定——不使用事先准备好的独奏曲目，独自表演。A. expressed表达；B. collected收集，聚合；C. selected选择；D. respected尊重。根据“she made the brave decision to perform”可知，佩顿很快冷静下来做了一个决定，collect oneself意思为：冷静下来。故选B项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. above在上面；B. about大约；C. away离开；D. alone独自。根据“without a solo routine(一套动作) planned”及上文“she was the only member that showed up”可知，只有她一个人，因此，她要独自表演。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩顿说：“我一直在发抖，感觉胃不舒服。”A. shaking摇晃，发抖；B. exercising锻炼；C. chatting聊天；D. wandering漫步。根据下文“Although she felt nervous”可知，佩顿很紧张，因此，她一直在发抖。故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. unfair不公平的；B. uncomfortable不舒服的；C. unlucky不幸运的；D. unnecessary不必要的。根据下文讲到她很紧张可知，她的胃也不舒服。故选B项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管佩顿感到紧张，但她还是成功地完成了一段精彩的单人表演。A. agreed同意；B. refused拒绝；C. managed设法；D. afford供得起。根据下文“ this cheerleader even earned herself first place.”可知，虽然很紧张，佩顿还是成功地进行了表演。manage to do意思为：成功做某事。故选C项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这个啦啦队员甚至为自己赢得了第一名。A. Actually事实上；B. Adventurously冒险地；C. Safely安全地；D. Hurriedly匆忙地。根据“this cheerleader even earned herself first place.”可知，最后，实际上佩顿赢了第一名。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不用说，她对自己冒险的决定非常满意。A. break休息；B. look看；C. chance机会，冒险；D. breath呼吸。根据上文“Once she ____7____ herself, though, she made the brave decision to perform ____8____ without a solo routine(一套动作) planned.”可知，佩顿面临抉择时决定冒险挑战。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这真是个惊喜。A. measure措施；B. order顺序；C. promise承诺；D. surprise惊讶，惊喜。根据“but also the fact that they awarded her the first place trophy(奖杯).”可知，佩顿得了第一名，这是一个惊喜。故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：获得这一令人难以置信的成就后，佩顿进入了聚光灯下。A. example例子；B. achievement成就；C. quality质量；D. opinion观点。根据佩顿获得了第一名可知，这是一项难以置信的成就。故选B项。 （24-25高三上·上海·期中）In front of you are four decks of cards (四副牌) - two red and two blue. Each card in these decks either adds or 1 points from your score. Your task is to draw cards one at a time to maximize your score. What you don’t know is that the red decks are problematic. While the rewards are high, the risks are too, and drawing from the red decks can lead to substantial losses. The blue decks, on the other hand, provide 2 , modest rewards with fewer penalties (惩罚). The question is: how long will it take you to 3 the difference? Scientists at the University of Iowa conducted this experiment to explore how humans process risk and make decisions. They found that after about fifty cards, most participants developed a feeling about the red decks being 4 . After around eighty cards, the players could 5 clearly why the red decks were a poor choice. This process is straightforward: we gather experience, think about it, and develop a theory based on evidence. This is how our mind works - it 6 through a problem and arrives at a conclusion. 7 , the Iowa researchers observed something else. They measured the activity of participants’ sweat glands (腺) as they played and noticed that the players’ hands began to sweat around the tenth card - long before they 8 the red decks as problematic. Their behavior began to change around this point as well, with players subconsciously 9 the blue decks. This suggests that our brain operates on two levels: the conscious and the unconscious. The conscious mind is purposeful, using 10 and reasoning to reach conclusions, while the unconscious mind works faster, picking up on patterns and problems with little information. The researchers imply that the unconscious mind is good at recognizing dangers 11 . While the conscious mind takes around eighty cards to come to a conclusion, the unconscious mind starts working after just ten cards. This fast, natural thinking process is referred to as the “adaptive unconscious.” It allows us to make quick decisions based on 12 data - a skill that has been essential for human survival. This idea of the adaptive unconscious 13 the idea that slow, purposeful thought is always superior. We often believe that taking more time leads to better decisions, but there are moments — especially in stressful situations - when quick judgments can be just as 14 , if not more so. The adaptive unconscious processes information rapidly, enabling us to respond quickly to threats or opportunities, even before we are fully 15 them. 1．A．makes for B．turns on C．looks into D．takes away 2．A．consistent B．considerable C．financial D．indirect 3．A．make up B．pay back C．ask about D．figure out 4．A．bad B．valuable C．random D．few 5．A．wonder B．explain C．forget D．predict 6．A．gathers B．flows C．matters D．reasons 7．A．Unfortunately B．Instead C．However D．Accordingly 8．A．ignored B．guessed C．identified D．started 9．A．investigating B．favoring C．verifying D．resetting 10．A．logic B．technology C．force D．assistance 11．A．actively B．blindly C．quickly D．dutifully 12．A．enough B．latest C．limited D．missing 13．A．challenges B．supports C．develops D．examines 14．A．controversial B．effective C．specific D．general 15．A．independent of B．capable of C．worthy of D．aware of 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现有意识思维是有目的性的，它使用逻辑和推理来得出结论，而无意识思维反应更快，能够在信息量很少的情况下识别问题并迅速做出反应。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些牌组中的每张牌要么增加分数，要么减少分数。A. makes for前往；B. turns on打开；C. looks into深入调查；D. takes away减少。根据上文的“Each card in these decks either adds or”可知，either…or…意为“要么……要么……”，所以此处与adds相对应，所以表示“减少”分数，符合语境。故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，蓝色套牌提供了稳定的、适度的奖励和更少的惩罚。A. consistent持续的，稳定的；B. considerable相当大的；C. financial金融的；D. indirect间接的。根据上文的“modest rewards with fewer penalties (惩罚).”可知，此处应与modest意义相近，所以此处表示“稳定且适度的”奖励，符合语境。故选A项。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：问题是：你要花多长时间才能弄清楚两者的区别？A. make up构成；B. pay back偿还；C. ask about问询；D. figure out明白，弄清楚。根据下文的“They found that after about fifty cards, most participants developed a feeling about the red decks being ____4____ . After around eighty cards, the players could ____5____ clearly why the red decks were a poor choice.”可知，研究者发现50张牌后，大部分参与者就发现红牌不好，80张后他们能明白红牌不是好的选择，由此可推断，此处指的是要花多久才能明白两者的差距。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，在拿到大约50张牌后，大多数参与者都觉得红色的牌很糟糕。A. bad糟糕的，坏的；B. valuable有价值的；C. random随机的；D. few不多，很少。根据下文的“After around eighty cards, the players could ____5____ clearly why the red decks were a poor choice.”可知，在80张牌后，玩家清楚了为什么红牌是一个糟糕的选择，由此可知，此处指的是红牌很糟糕。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大约80张牌后，玩家可以清楚地解释为什么红色的牌组是一个糟糕的选择。A. wonder想知道；B. explain解释；C. forget忘记；D. predict预测。根据上文的“They found that after about fifty cards, most participants developed a feeling about the red decks being ____4____ .”可知，在50张牌后大部分参与者有一种红牌不好的感觉，结合下文的“why the red decks were a poor choice.”可知，此处指的是80张牌后，玩家可以清楚地解释为什么红牌是糟糕选择的原因了。故选B项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的大脑就是这样工作的——它通过一个问题进行推理并得出结论。A. gathers收集，集合；B. flows流动；C. matters重要；D. reasons推理。根据上文的“This process is straightforward: we gather experience, think about it, and develop a theory based on evidence.”可知，我们的大脑收集经验，进行思考，然后在经验的基础上得出结论，由此可知，此处指的是大脑通过“推理”得出结论。故选D项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，爱荷华大学的研究人员还观察到了其他现象。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Instead反而；C. However然而；D. Accordingly因此。根据句意，上文讲述的内容与下文的“the Iowa researchers observed something else.”之间为转折关系，所以此处使用“然而”符合逻辑。故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们测量了参与者在玩游戏时汗腺的活动，并注意到玩家的手在第10张牌左右开始出汗——早在他们意识到红色牌有问题之前。A. ignored忽视；B. guessed猜测；C. identified认出；D. started开始。根据下文的“Their behavior began to change around this point as well”可知，他们的行为在此时开始发生改变，由此可推断，此处指的是玩家在第十张牌左右就“意识到”红牌有问题。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的行为也开始在这一点上发生改变，玩家下意识地选择蓝色套牌。A. investigating调查；B. favoring选择；C. verifying核实；D. resetting重新设置。根据上文的“Their behavior began to change around this point as well”以及下文的“the blue decks.”可知，在意识到红牌有问题后，应该是选择蓝牌。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有意识的头脑是有目的的，使用逻辑和推理来得出结论，而下意识的头脑工作得更快，在信息很少的情况下就能发现模式和问题。A. logic逻辑；B. technology技术；C. force力量；D. assistance帮助。根据上文的“The conscious mind is purposeful”以及下文的“and reasoning to reach conclusions”可知，有意识思维是有目的性的，他们会使用“逻辑”和推理得出结论。故选A项。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员暗示，潜意识善于迅速识别危险。A. actively主动地；B. blindly盲目地；C. quickly快速地；D. dutifully忠实地。根据上文的“while the unconscious mind works faster”可知，此处指的是下意识思维善于“迅速地”识别危险。故选C项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它使我们能够根据有限的数据快速做出决定——这是人类生存所必需的技能。A. enough足够的；B. latest最新的；C. limited有限的；D. missing丢失的。根据上文的“…while the unconscious mind works faster, picking up on patterns and problems with little information.”可知，下意识思维更快，在信息很少的情况下就能发现模式和问题，由此可知，此处指的是基于“有限的”信息得出结论。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种适应性下意识的观点挑战了缓慢的、有目的的思考总是更优越的观点。A. challenges挑战；B. supports支持；C. develops发展；D. examines检测。根据上文的“It allows us to make quick decisions based on ____12____ data — a skill that has been essential for human survival.”可知，适应性下意识思维可以快速地基于有限的数据得出结论，这是人类生存所必须得技能，结合下文的“that slow, purposeful thought is always superior.”可知，人们认为缓慢而有目的的思维更优越，由此可推断，此处指的是适应性下意识思维“挑战”了缓慢的、有目的的思考总是更优越的观点。故选A项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们常常认为，多花点时间就能做出更好的决定，但有些时候——尤其是在压力很大的情况下——快速的判断即使不是更有效，也是一样有效的。A. controversial矛盾的，有争议的；B. effective有效的；C. specific具体的；D. general一般的。根据上文的“We often believe that taking more time leads to better decisions, but there are moments — especially in stressful situations”以及下文的“if not more so.”可知，人们经常认为多花时间能做出更高的决定，但是，在压力很大的情况下，快速的判断即使不是更有效，也应该是一样的“有效”符合语境。故选B项。 15．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：适应性下意识快速处理信息，使我们能够在完全意识到威胁或机会之前迅速做出反应。A. independent of独立于；B. capable of具备……能力；C. worthy of值得；D. aware of意识到。根据上文的“The adaptive unconscious processes information rapidly, enabling us to respond quickly to threats or opportunities”可知，适应性下意识的快速加工信息能让我们在威胁或机会之前迅速做出反应，由此可知，此处强调下意识的思维的反应之快，由此可推断，此处指的是甚至是在我们还没有“意识到”威胁或机遇时就已经做出了反应，符合语境。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Out-of-towners have long flocked to St Ives. Artists such as J. M W. Turner and Barbara Hepworth were 1 to the town’s clear light. Others come for the seafood and sandy beaches. Even the town’s notoriously aggressive seagulls, who dive-bomb unsuspecting tourists and steal their Cornish pasties, are not enough to 2 outsiders. But St Ives’s popularity has a downside: visitors 3 the local housing market. Locals worry that the town is becoming a playground for rich Londoners, who in the summer months arrive on the sleeper train from Paddington. At the last count, a quarter of the dwellings in St Ives were second homes or 4 . So in May 2016 locals decided to do something about it, voting in a referendum (公投) to introduce a “principal-residence policy”, which stops newly built houses in the town being used as second homes. The thinking went that by stopping holidaymakers from snapping up new-builds, housing would become more 5 to people who live in St Ives all year round. Building firms and DIY shops, for whom second-homers are prized customers, 6 the plan. One property firm even challenged the policy in the High Court. But the legal challenge failed and the second-home ban 7 . Since then a few other Cornish towns have introduced their own versions of the policy. Those involved in designing the plan say that, three years on, it is too early to 8 its impact. But official statistics suggest that excluding second-home buyers from the new-build market has removed a big source of 9 . The price of new homes in the town is 13% below what it might have been if the previous growth rate had continued. Locals 10 to afford a property may like the sound of this. But it has had an unwelcome side-effect: house building has 11 . Developers who bought land when it was pricier can in some cases no longer sell homes at a profit. Others may be holding off from breaking ground in the hope that the policy is 12 . In 2015 Acorn Property Group, a local firm, was about to buy a site for 34 homes,14 of them “affordable” (i.e., sold or let at below-market rates). But the policy made the scheme 13 because the open-market dwellings could no longer subsidize (资助) the affordable ones, the company says. Meanwhile, second-home buyers in St Ives seem to be shifting their attention to 14 buildings, which are not covered by the policy. Data from Hamptons International, a property firm suggest that in St Ives second-homers form a larger share of transactions than before the policy came into force. 15 new-builds, prices have continued to climb. That represents a windfall (意外之财) to locals who already own their homes —and may eventually persuade even more of them to cash in and move out. 1．A．sent B．drawn C．attached D．committed 2．A．take in B．put off C．fight far D．put down 3．A．expand B．lose C．create D．dominate 4．A．holiday lets B．industrial lands C．hi-tech zones D．waste areas 5．A．comfortable B．convenient C．affordable D．important 6．A．advocated B．revised C．presented D．opposed 7．A．fell through B．lagged behind C．went ahead D．came over 8．A．assess B．maximize C．resist D．appreciate 9．A．authority B．income C．conflict D．demand 10．A．refusing B．struggling C．managing D．claiming 11．A．suffered B．changed C．boomed D．disappeared 12．A．passed B．complimented C．justified D．abandoned 13．A．infeasible B．urgent C．distinctive D．unpopular 14．A．newly-bulit B．rural C．urban D．existing 15．A．Rather than B．Thanks to C．Except for D．Regardless of 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国的圣艾夫斯小镇在面临游客大量涌入，尤其是来自伦敦的游客，导致当地房屋价格上涨和居民生活质量下降的问题时，引入了一项限制房地产投机的措施。该措施让新建房屋更加亲民，新房价格下降了13%，但也对当地房地产市场产生了一些不利影响。尽管存在反对声音，但该政策预计将持续下去。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：像J. M W·特纳（J. M . W. Turner）和芭芭拉·赫普沃斯（Barbara Hepworth）这样的艺术家都被小镇的明亮灯光所吸引。A. sent寄送；B. drawn吸引；C. attached附加；D. committed承诺。根据上文“Out-of-towners have long flocked to St Ives.”提到外地人一直涌入圣艾夫斯，由此可知，此处应表示这两位艺术家都被小镇的明亮灯光所吸引。故选B项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使是镇上臭名昭著的好斗海鸥，它们俯冲毫无防备的游客，偷走他们的康沃尔馅饼，也不足以让外人望而却步。A. take in汲取；B. put off阻碍；C. fight fair公平竞争；D. put down放下。根据上文“Even the town’s notoriously aggressive seagulls, who dive-bomb unsuspecting tourists and steal their Cornish pasties”提到海鸥偷走他们的康沃尔馅饼，以及Even转折由此可知，此处应表示即使是这样也不足以让外人望而却步。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但圣艾夫斯的受欢迎程度也有一个缺点：游客主导了当地的房地产市场。A. expand扩张；B. lose失去；C. create创造；D. dominate主导。根据上文“But St Ives’s popularity has a downside”以及下文“the local housing market.”由此可知，此处应表示圣艾夫斯的受欢迎程度也有一个缺点：游客主导了当地的房地产市场。故选D项。 4．考查名词短语辨析。句意：据最新统计，圣艾夫斯四分之一的住宅是第二套住宅或度假出租。A. holiday lets度假出租；B. industrial lands工业土地；C. hi-tech zones高新技术区；D. waste areas浪费区域。根据上文提到的游客主导了当地的房地产市场，以及“second homes”由此可知，此处应表示圣艾夫斯四分之一的住宅是第二套住宅或度假出租。故选A项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的想法是，通过阻止度假者抢购新建房屋，一年四季住在圣艾夫斯的人将更能负担得起住房。A. comfortable舒服的；B. convenient方便的；C. affordable支付得起的；D. important重要的。根据上文“The thinking went that by stopping holidaymakers from snapping up new-builds”提到通过阻止度假者抢购新建房屋，由此可知，此处应表示让一年四季住在圣艾夫斯的人将更能负担得起住房。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：建筑公司和DIY商店反对这一计划，对他们来说，二手房是宝贵的客户。A. advocated倡导；B. revised更正；C. presented呈现；D. opposed反对。根据上文“for whom second-homers are prized customers”提到二手房是宝贵的客户，由此可知，建筑公司和DIY商店反对这一计划。故选D项。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但法律上的挑战失败了，第二套住房的禁令继续进行。A. fell through失败或突然停止；B. lagged behind落后于；C. went ahead   继续进行；D. came over过来。根据上文“But the legal challenge failed”由此可知，此处应表示第二套住房的禁令继续进行。故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：参与设计该计划的人士表示，三年过去了，现在评价其影响还为时过早。A. assess评价；B. maximize使最大化；C. resist抵制；D. appreciate感谢。根据下文“But official statistics suggest that excluding second-home buyers from the new-build market has removed a big source of ____9____.”由此可知，此处应表示现在评价其影响还为时过早。故选A项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但官方统计数据显示，将二套房买家排除在新建市场之外，已经消除了一个巨大的需求来源。A. authority权威；B. income收入；C. conflict冲突；D. demand需求。根据上文“excluding second-home buyers from the new-build market”由此可知，此处应表示将二套房买家排除在新建市场之外，已经消除了一个巨大的需求来源。故选D项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：买不起房子的当地人可能会喜欢这个说法。A. refusing拒绝；B. struggling挣扎；C. managing设法，管理；D. claiming声称。根据上文“The price of new homes in the town is 13% below what it might have been if the previous growth rate had continued.”提到小镇的新房价格可能会比现在低13%。由此可知，此处应表示买不起房子的当地人可能会喜欢这个说法。故选B项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但它也有一个不受欢迎的副作用：房屋建设受到了影响。A. suffered遭受；B. changed改变；C. boomed迅速发展，繁荣；D. disappeared消失。根据上文“But it has had an unwelcome side-effect”由此可知，此处应表示它也有一个不受欢迎的副作用：房屋建设受到了影响。故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他一些人可能会推迟破土动工，希望这项政策被放弃。A. passed通过；B. complimented称赞；C. justified证明；D. abandoned放弃。根据上文“Others may be holding off from breaking ground”提到推迟破土动工，由此可知，此处应表示一些人可能会推迟破土动工，希望这项政策被放弃。故选D项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但该公司表示，该政策使得该计划无法实施，因为公开市场的住房无法再补贴负担得起的住房。A. infeasible不可实行的；B. urgent紧急的；C. distinctive独特的；D. unpopular不受欢迎的。根据下文“because the open-market dwellings could no longer subsidize the affordable ones”提到公开市场的住房无法再补贴负担得起的住房，由此可知，此处应表示该政策使得该计划无法实施。故选A项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，圣艾夫斯的二套房买家似乎正将注意力转向不受政策覆盖的现有建筑。A. newly-bulit新建的；B. rural乡村的；C. urban城市的；D. existing现存的。根据下文“which are not covered by the policy.”由此可知，此处应表示圣艾夫斯的二套房买家似乎正将注意力转向不受政策覆盖的现有建筑。故选D项。 15．考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了新建房屋，其他房屋的价格都在继续攀升。A. Rather than而不是；B. Thanks to归功于；C. Except for除了；D. Regardless of不管。根据下文“prices have continued to climb.”以及后一句“That represents a windfall to locals who already own their homes —and may eventually persuade even more of them to cash in and move out.”提到对已经拥有自己住房的当地人来说是一笔意外之财，由此可知，此处应表示除了新建房屋，其他房屋的价格都在继续攀升。故选C项。 （2025·上海徐汇·一模）When is anger justified? Anger is a complicated emotion. But is it ever morally right to be angry? And if so, when? One of the most foundational understandings of 1 comes from the Greek philosopher Aristotle. In his model, there’s a sweet spot for our actions and emotional reactions, and it’s up to you to develop practical wisdom about when you should feel what and how strongly to feel it. 2 , let’s say you’ re going to sleep early because you have an important meeting tomorrow and your neighbor just started playing loud music. If you can’t sleep, you might ruin your meeting, so feeling angry is definitely 3 . But how much anger should you feel? And what actions, if any, should you take? To answer these questions, Aristotle would need to know more details. Have you 4 talked to your neighbor about this issue? Is it a reasonable time to be playing music? Is your neighbor trying to 5 you, or are they just enjoying their evening? Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for handling 6 conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to 7 for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is 8 . No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable 9 for your frustration. Although it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other 10 . In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so 11 it would harm our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be 12 . For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be 13 to treat their moral mistakes like those of adults. So when should you 14 anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is 15 polluting the water supply. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress(压制)your anger, instead of channeling it into positive action. 1．A．motion B．passion C．urge D．anger 2．A．In conclusion B．However C．What’s more D．For example 3．A．exceptional B．understandable C．useless D．tragic 4．A．remotely B．reluctantly C．previously D．ultimately 5．A．upset B．conquer C．imitate D．motivate 6．A．commercial B．domestic C．cultural D．interpersonal 7．A．consult B．blame C．reject D．hide 8．A．discovered B．locked C．untouched D．exploded 9．A．target B．boundary C．position D．reason 10．A．accountable B．adorable C．memorable D．sustainable 11．A．expressing B．removing C．releasing D．following 12．A．simple B．dangerous C．tricky D．sufficient 13．A．mature B．wise C．easy D．wrong 14．A．bring down B．act on C．bottle up D．hold back 15．A．illegally B．remotely C．steadily D．inevitably 【答案】 1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了愤怒这一情感的道德正当性及其在不同情境下的合理表达。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对愤怒最基础的理解之一来自于希腊哲学家亚里士多德。A. motion运动；B. passion激情；C. urge冲动；D. anger愤怒。根据本文的标题“When is anger justified?”可知，本文讨论的是“愤怒”，故选D项。 2．考查短语辨析。句意：例如，假设你因为明天有重要的会议所以要早睡，而你的邻居却开始大声放音乐。A. In conclusion总之；B. However然而；C. What’s more而且；D. For example例如。根据后文“let’s say you’ re going to sleep early because you have an important meeting tomorrow and your neighbor just started playing loud music.”可知，此处是举例说明愤怒何时是合理的，故选D项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你睡不着，你可能会毁了你的会议，所以感到愤怒是可以理解的。A. exceptional例外的；B. understandable可以理解的；C. useless无用的；D. tragic悲惨的。根据前文“If you can’t sleep, you might ruin your meeting,”可知，因为睡不着而可能毁了会议，所以感到愤怒是可以理解的，故选B项。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你之前和你的邻居谈过这个问题吗？A. remotely遥远地；B. reluctantly不情愿地；C. previously以前；D. ultimately最终。根据前文“But how much anger should you feel? And what actions, if any, should you take?To answer these questions, Aristotle would need to know more details.”可知，此处是在讨论具体的细节，即愤怒背后有没有其他具体原因，所以是问之前是否和邻居谈过这个问题，故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你的邻居是想惹你生气，还是只是想享受他们的夜晚？A. upset使烦恼；B. conquer征服；C. imitate模仿；D. motivate激励。根据后文“or are they just enjoying their evening?”可知，此处是假设邻居放音乐的行为让你睡不着，所以是问邻居是想惹你生气吗，还是单纯的只是想享受他们的夜晚而忽略了你的感受，故选A项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在处理人际冲突时，依赖亚里士多德的具体案例中的实用智慧是非常有道理的。A. commercial商业的；B. domestic家庭的；C. cultural文化的；D. interpersonal人际的。根据前文“let’s say you’ re going to sleep early because you have an important meeting tomorrow and your neighbor just started playing loud music.”可知，此处是讨论邻居之间的冲突，所以是人际冲突，故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，但是当你的愤怒没有人可以责怪时，又该怎么办呢？A. consult咨询；B. blame责怪；C. reject拒绝；D. hide隐藏。根据后文“Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is ___8_____.”可知，此处的例子是假设你的愤怒没有人可以责怪的，即邻居的房子完好无损，而你的房子被龙卷风摧毁了，故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：想象一下，一场龙卷风完全摧毁了你的房子，而你的邻居的房子却毫发无损。A. discovered发现；B. locked锁住；C. untouched未受影响的；D. exploded爆炸。根据前文“Imagine a tornado completely destroys your housewhile your neighbor’s home is ”可知，此处是一种对比，你的房子被龙卷风完全摧毁，而邻居的房子没有受到龙卷风的影响，故选C项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论多么愤怒，都无法挽回这场灾难，而且你的沮丧也没有真正的目标。A. target目标；B. boundary边界；C. position位置；D. reason原因。根据前文“No amount of anger can undo the disaster,”可知，此处是假设无论多么愤怒都无法挽回灾难，所以你的沮丧没有真正的目标，故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哲学家PF Strawson的理论认为，经历愤怒是人类心理学的一个自然组成部分，它有助于我们传达责备，并让对方承担责任。A. accountable有责任的；B. adorable可爱的；C. memorable难忘的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据前文“Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame”可知，此处是PF Strawson的理论的内容，即经历愤怒有助于我们传达责备，让对方承担责任，故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个模型中，愤怒可以让我们知道什么时候有不道德的事情发生，所以移除它会损害我们的社会生活和道德群体。A. expressing表达；B. removing移除；C. releasing释放；D. following跟随。根据前文“In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening,”可知，此处是假设在这个模型中，愤怒是重要的，所以移除它会损害社会生活和道德群体，故选B项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，对这些心理警钟做出正确的反应可能是棘手的。A. simple简单的；B. dangerous危险的；C. tricky棘手的；D. sufficient足够的。根据后文的例子“For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be ____13____ to treat their moral mistakes like those of adults.”可知，此处是假设对于不同的情境，做出正确的反应是棘手的，故选C项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你正在监督残忍、无礼的孩子，感到愤怒可能是自然的，但把他们的道德错误当作成年人那样的错误来处理是错误的。A. mature成熟的；B. wise明智的；C. easy容易的；D. wrong错误的。根据前文“For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger,”可知，此处是假设对于孩子，我们不能把他们的道德错误当作成年人那样的错误来处理，这是错误的，故选D项。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：那么你应该什么时候对愤怒采取行动呢？A. bring down使降低；B. act on对……采取行动；C. bottle up压抑；D. hold back阻挡。根据后文“And can it ever help change things for the better?”可知，此处是问应该什么时候对愤怒采取行动，故选B项。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：让我们想象一下，因为你的社区附近的一家工厂非法污染水源，你的社区正面临严重的健康问题。A. illegally非法地；B. remotely遥远地；C. steadily稳定地；D. inevitably不可避免地。根据前文的“your community is experiencing serious health issues”可知，此处是假设因为工厂非法污染水源导致社区健康问题，所以此处是“非法地”，故选A项。 （2025·上海黄浦·一模）Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop. Almost anyone can learn to develop their reward sensitivity by 1 themselves to notice and experience their positive emotions. To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of 2 . It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel. This will make you less likely to 3 positive experiences. After you’ve enjoyed that 4 moment, close your eyes and recount out loud where and when you experienced the greatest joy. The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it, thus 5 your memory of them, and increasing your motivation to seek them out going forward. Here are some other adjustments you can make to develop a positive mind-set. Expand your joy 6 : Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them. When reflecting on how something made you feel, try to be 7 , using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great. Share your highlight reel (高光时刻): 8 what made you happiest can make you feel better. Spread that happiness to another person — and also strengthen a bond. Find bright sides: With practice, it’s possible to 9 the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative. For example, if you invited co-workers to get together and only one person showed up, you could easily view that as a (n) 10 . But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better. Forecast future wins: If you’re tight scheduled, pick an event that’s approaching and think of the best possible 11 . If you’re tired, 12 smiling at your friend across the room, feeling proud. Using imagery can encourage motivation and get you ready for more 13 experiences. Keep in mind, too, that it’s normal to feel 14 with pleasurable feelings sometimes, particularly if you experience depression and anxiety. Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats — but by constantly 15 disaster, we miss the happiness in front of us right now. Sometimes we need to behave like happy people if we actually want to be happy. 1．A．attracting B．demonstrating C．entertaining D．training 2．A．accomplishment B．belonging C．identity D．responsibility 3．A．broaden B．postpone C．provide D．share 4．A．critical B．daily C．rare D．spare 5．A．recalling B．recovering C．searching D．strengthening 6．A．reflection B．selection C．trial D．vocabulary 7．A．brief B．creative C．precise D．secure 8．A．Broadcasting B．Choosing C．Defining D．Wondering 9．A．cover B．divide C．teach D．notice 10．A．failure B．opportunity C．reward D．surprise 11．A．initiative B．outcome C．prize D．solution 12．A．avoid B．imagine C．practice D．try 13．A．direct B．inspiring C．sensory D．shared 14．A．content B．distracted C．easy D．uncomfortable 15．A．ending in B．guarding against C．heading for D．preparing for 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了如何通过锻炼和发展追求幸福的“肌肉”来提高个人的奖励敏感度，以及如何通过一系列具体的调整来培养积极的心态。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几乎任何人都可以通过训练自己去注意和体验积极情绪，来学习提高自己的奖励敏感度。A. attracting吸引；B. demonstrating展示；C. entertaining娱乐；D. training培训。根据上文“Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop.”可知，我们可以通过训练来获得幸福。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：要提高你的奖励敏感度，首先从每天计划一项活动开始，这项活动会让你感到快乐或给你一种成就感。A. accomplishment成就；B. belonging归属；C. identity身份；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“make you happy”可推测，空处和幸福相似。由此可知，空处选A，意为“成就感”。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样你就不会轻易推迟去体验那些积极的时刻。A. broaden拓宽；B. postpone推迟；C. provide提供；D. share分享。根据上文“It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel.”可知，当我们完成一项活动时，可以适当奖励自己。由此可知，这样我们才不会推迟去做这项活动。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在你享受了那个日常的快乐时刻后，闭上眼睛，大声地回顾你在哪里、什么时候体验到了最大的快乐。A. critical关键的；B. daily日常的；C. rare罕见的；D. spare空闲的。根据上文“To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of  ____2____ .”可知，作者建议我们每天一项活动，所以这是日常的快乐时刻。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样做的目的不仅仅是记住你的感受，而是要增强并重新体验那种快乐，从而加深你对它们的记忆，并增加你今后去追求它们的动力。A. recalling回忆；B. recovering恢复；C. searching搜索；D. strengthening加强。根据上文“The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it”以及下文的“increasing your motivation to seek them out going forward.”可推测，空处指的是加深记忆，从而有动力去追求快乐。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：扩展你的快乐词汇：研究表明，找到更多描述积极情绪的词可以证实并增加这些情绪。A. reflection反思；B. selection选择；C. trial试验；D. vocabulary词汇。根据下文“Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them.”可知，作者建议我们扩展关于快乐的词汇。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你在反思某件事情给你带来的感受时，试着更精确地使用词语，比如“平静”、 “欣喜若狂”、 “高兴”、 “受到鼓舞”，而不仅仅是“不错”、 “好”或“很棒”。A. brief简短的；B. creative有创造力的；C. precise精确的；D. secure安全的。根据下文“using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great.”可推测，作者建议我们使用更精确的词汇，而不是简单的“不错”、 “好”或“很棒”。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：分享你的高光时刻：分享让你最快乐的事情可以让你感觉更好。A. Broadcasting广播、散布；B. Choosing选择；C. Defining定义；D. Wondering想知道。根据上文“Share your highlight reel (高光时刻)”可知，作者建议我们分享自己的高光时刻。由此可知，作者建议我们分享让自己快乐的事情。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：寻找光明面：通过练习，我们有可能注意到那些我们最初可能视为负面的事情中隐藏的积极因素。A. cover覆盖；B. divide划分；C. teach教；D. notice注意到。根据空后“the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative.”可推测，我们可以通过练习注意到积极的因素。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你邀请同事聚会，但只有一个人来了，你可能会很容易把这看作是一种失败。A. failure失败；B. opportunity机会；C. reward奖励；D. surprise惊讶。根据下文“But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better.”可推测，空处指的是我们可能会将这看作失败，但是其实这件事也有积极的一面。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：预测未来的胜利：如果你的日程安排很紧，就选择一个即将发生的事件，并想象最好的结果。A. initiative倡议；B. outcome结果；C. prize奖品；D. solution解决方案。根据上文“Forecast future wins: If you’re tight scheduled, pick an event that’s approaching”中的“that’s approaching”可推测，空处指的是想象可能的“结果”。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你感到疲倦，就想象自己在房间的另一边对朋友微笑，感到自豪。A. avoid避免；B. imagine想象；C. practice练习；D. try尝试。根据下文“Using imagery can encourage motivation and get you ready for more ____13____ experiences.”中的“imagery”可推测，空处指的是想象自己在对着朋友微笑。故选B。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：使用想象力可以激发动力，让你为更多鼓舞人心的经历做好准备。A. direct直接的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. sensory感觉的；D. shared共享的。根据本段内容可知，本段建议我们想象未来会有好的结果，由此可推测，空处指的是“鼓舞人心的或好的”经历。故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：还要记住，有时候对愉悦的感觉感到不舒服是正常的，特别是如果你患有抑郁症和焦虑症。A. content满足的；B. distracted分心的；C. easy容易的；D. uncomfortable不舒服的。根据下文“particularly if you experience depression and anxiety.”以及“Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats”可推测，作者认为有时候对愉悦的感觉感到不舒服，这很正常。故选D。 15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：担忧可能会让你觉得自己已经准备好应对威胁——但如果我们总是为灾难做准备，就会错过眼前的幸福。A. ending in以……结束；B. guarding against防范；C. heading for前往；D. preparing for为……做准备。根据上文“Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats”可知，空处指的是为灾难做准备。故选D。 （24-25高三上·上海松江·期末）At the ancient Olympics in Greece, athletes weren’t the only stars of the show. The game also attracted poets, who recited their works for eager audiences. Competitors employed bigger names to write poems of their 1 , which choruses performed at celebrations. Physical strength and 2 skills were closely linked. Thousands of years later, this image 3 Pierre de Coubertin, a French nobleman known as the founder of the modern Olympics. The nobleman believed the world should value the harmony of arts and athletics. The idea can be traced back to Plato’ s Republic, in which Socrates highlights the virtue of education that combines “gymnastics for the body and music for the 4 . ” Coubertin pictured a competition that would 5 muscle and mind. But his fellow organizers never fully shared his vision. The 1896 Games included only 6 competitions, such as swimming and fencing. Several new events, for instance, water polo in 1900 and boxing in1904, made their first appearance; 7 , muscle and mind remained firmly unrelated. Coubertin 8 — on August 5, 1904, he published an article, writing “… the arts and literature joined with sport to ensure the greatness of the Olympic Games. The same must be true in the future. . . ” when officials announced that Rome would host the 1908 Olympics. Coubertin argued that the partnership of sport and art had outlasted the destruction of Olympia, and the time had come to 9 this ideal completely. Since the first three modern Games had gotten the ball rolling, it was “possible and 10 to bring muscles and thought together again. ” Two years later, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) held a conference to seriously discuss “to what extent and in what form the arts and literature can participate. ” The event program listed several arts categories that were 11 . Officials ultimately agreed to add five arts competitions to the Olympics in 1908: literature, painting, sculpture, music and architecture. All works entered into these categories, 12 named the Pentathlon of the Muses (缪斯五项) . They would need to be inspired by sports, bringing back the ancient harmony that Coubertin had 13 . In 1949, 12 years after Coubertin’s death, nevertheless, the IOC decided to 14 the art competitions, citing that most of the participants relied on their artistic work for a living and it was illogical to allow professionals to win Olympic medals. Today there are occasional 15 to bring the artistic competitions back. We do hope one day we can witness a wholly new Olympics. 1．A．knowledge B．victories C．interests D．liberty 2．A．sporting B．academic C．literary D．communicative 3．A．disturbed B．charmed C．tricked D．described 4．A．organizers B．competitors C．public D．soul 5．A．reunite B．compare C．distinguish D．refresh 6．A．athletic B．popular C．amateur D．fierce 7．A．otherwise B．likewise C．however D．moreover 8．A．stressed out B．felt prejudiced C．moved forward D．settled down 9．A．challenge B．restore C．evaluate D．abandon 10．A．troublesome B．imaginative C．annoying D．desirable 11．A．under control B．under consideration C．in use D．in progress 12．A．typically B．confusingly C．frequently D．collectively 13．A．expected B．suspended C．created D．legalized 14．A．justify B．discontinue C．stage D．enrich 15．A．rejections B．guidelines C．calls D．decisions 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了历史上法国贵族皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦曾经不断呼吁重视艺术和体育的和谐，虽然曾经恢复过一些艺术类别，但是1949年，顾拜旦去世12年后，国际奥委会决定停止艺术比赛，理由是大多数参赛者依靠他们的艺术作品为生，让专业人士赢得奥运奖牌是不合逻辑的。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：运动员们请名人为他们的胜利写诗，在庆祝活动中合唱。A. knowledge知识；B. victories胜利；C. interests兴趣；D. liberty自由。根据后文“choruses performed at celebrations”可知，是为胜利写诗，在庆祝活动中合唱。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：体力和文学技巧紧密相连。A. sporting体育运动的；B. academic学术的；C. literary文学的；D. communicative健谈的。根据上文“The game also attracted poets, who recited their works for eager audiences.(比赛也吸引了诗人，他们为热切的观众朗诵自己的作品)”以及运动员们请名人为他们的胜利写诗，在庆祝活动中合唱，说明体力和文学技巧紧密相连。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几千年后，这幅画迷住了被称为现代奥运会创始人的法国贵族皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦。A. disturbed打扰；B. charmed使……着迷；C. tricked欺骗；D. described描述。根据后文“The nobleman believed the world should value the harmony of arts and athletics.(这位贵族认为世界应该重视艺术和体育的和谐)”可知，这幅画迷住了被称为现代奥运会创始人的法国贵族皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个想法可以追溯到柏拉图的《理想国》，苏格拉底在其中强调了教育的美德，即“体操对身体和音乐对灵魂”的结合。A. organizers组织者；B. competitors竞争对手；C. public公众；D. soul灵魂。根据上文“Socrates highlights the virtue of education that combines “gymnastics for the body and music for the”可知，苏格拉底在《理想国》中强调了教育的美德，即“体操对身体和音乐对灵魂”的结合。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：顾拜旦描绘了一种将肌肉和思想重新结合起来的竞赛。A. reunite重新结合，重聚；B. compare比较；C. distinguish区别；D. refresh使恢复精神。根据上文“The nobleman believed the world should value the harmony of arts and athletics.(这位贵族认为世界应该重视艺术和体育的和谐)”可知，顾拜旦认为世界应该重视艺术和体育的和谐，所以描绘了一种将肌肉和思想重新结合起来的竞赛。故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1896年奥运会只包括游泳和击剑等体育比赛。A. athletic运动的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. amateur业余的；D. fierce激烈的。根据后文“such as swimming and fencing”指1896年奥运会只包括游泳和击剑等体育比赛。故选A。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一些新项目首次亮相，例如1900年的水球和1904年的拳击；然而，肌肉和思维仍然毫无关联。A. otherwise否则；B. likewise同样地；C. however然而；D. moreover此外。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，用however。故选C。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：顾拜旦继续前进——1904年8月5日，他发表了一篇文章，写道“……艺术和文学与体育相结合，确保了奥运会的伟大。”A. stressed out紧张；B. felt prejudiced受到偏见；C. moved forward取得进展，继续前进；D. settled down解决。根据后文“on August 5, 1904, he published an article, writing “… the arts and literature joined with sport to ensure the greatness of the Olympic Games.”可知，由于之前奥运会中肌肉和思维仍然毫无关联，所以顾拜旦继续前进，在1904年8月5日，他发表了一篇文章，写道“……艺术和文学与体育相结合，确保了奥运会的伟大。”故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：顾拜旦认为，在奥林匹亚被毁灭之后，体育和艺术的伙伴关系仍然存在，现在是完全恢复这种理想的时候了。A. challenge挑战；B. restore恢复；C. evaluate评估；D. abandon抛弃。根据上文“the partnership of sport and art had outlasted the destruction of Olympia, and the time had come to”可知，体育和艺术的伙伴关系在奥林匹亚被毁灭后仍然存在，现在需要完全恢复这种理想。故选B。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于前三届现代奥运会已经拉开了序幕，“把力量和思想再次结合起来是可能的，也是可取的。”A. troublesome麻烦的；B. imaginative富于想象力的；C. annoying烦人的；D. desirable令人向往的，可取的。根据上文“The nobleman believed the world should value the harmony of arts and athletics.(这位贵族认为世界应该重视艺术和体育的和谐)”可知，顾拜旦一致认为世界应该重视艺术和体育的和谐，所以认为把力量和思想再次结合起来是可能的，也是可取的。故选D。 11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：活动计划列出了几个正在考虑的艺术类别。A. under control处于控制之下；B. under consideration考虑中；C. in use在使用；D. in progress正在进行中。根据后文“Officials ultimately agreed to add five arts competitions to the Olympics in 1908: literature, painting, sculpture, music and architecture.(官员们最终同意在1908年的奥运会上增加五项艺术比赛：文学、绘画、雕塑、音乐和建筑)”可知，一开始只是考虑几个列出的艺术类别。故选B。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：所有的作品都归入这些类别，集体命名为缪斯的五项全能。A. typically典型地；B. confusingly难懂地；C. frequently频繁地；D. collectively集体地。根据后文“named the Pentathlon of the Muses”可知，所有的作品都归入这些类别，集体命名为缪斯的五项全能。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们需要受到体育运动的启发，恢复顾拜旦所期望的古代和谐。A. expected期待；B. suspended停止；C. created创造；D. legalized合法化。根据上文“The nobleman believed the world should value the harmony of arts and athletics.(这位贵族认为世界应该重视艺术和体育的和谐)”指恢复顾拜旦所期望的古代和谐。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：149年，顾拜旦去世12年后，国际奥委会决定停止艺术比赛，理由是大多数参赛者依靠他们的艺术作品为生，让专业人士赢得奥运奖牌是不合逻辑的。A. justify辩解；B. discontinue停止；C. stage上演；D. enrich丰富。根据后文“citing that most of the participants relied on their artistic work for a living and it was illogical to allow professionals to win Olympic medals”可知，国际奥委会决定停止艺术比赛，理由是大多数参赛者依靠他们的艺术作品为生，让专业人士赢得奥运奖牌是不合逻辑的。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，偶尔会有人呼吁恢复艺术比赛。A. rejections拒绝；B. guidelines指导方针；C. calls呼吁；D. decisions决定。根据后文“to bring the artistic competitions back”指呼吁恢复艺术比赛。故选C。 （2025·上海奉贤·一模）The rigid corridors of Welton Academy carried the weight of tradition and conformity (循规蹈矩). John Keating, an English teacher with a (n) 1 of mystery and passion, stepped into the academy like a breath of freshness in a dull room. His very presence was a (n) 2 to the long-established norms of the school. He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. 3 , he had a unique way of making the words come alive. In his first class, he walked into the room, a twinkle in his eye, and led the boys out into the hallway. Pointing at the old, faded pictures of former students, he said, “Carpe diem, boys. Seize the day. Make your lives 4 . These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions.” His special haven, the “Whispers of the Bard,” was a magical place hidden away from the 5 eyes of the school authorities. Here, under the open sky, Keating would gather the students around him. He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm that the words seemed to 6 in the air. “Poetry, ” he told them, “is not just about rhymes and meters. It’s the language of the 7 . It’s the way we express the deepest desires and the wildest dreams that we hold 8 us.” He encouraged each student to find their own voice between the lines of the great poets. To Neil Perry, who had a hidden passion for the 9 burning like a small fire in his heart, Keating was like a guiding star. He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you. Don’t let anyone even your father 10 your light. Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.” He helped Neil practice his lines, showing him how to 11 his emotions through every word. Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident, believing that he could even 12 what his father expected of him. For Todd Anderson, who was shy and often 13 by his brother seemingly excellent at everything, Keating noticed his talent for seeing the deeper meaning in literature. “Todd, ” he said, “your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world. Don’t be afraid to 14 . Your interpretations are as valuable as any other’s. ” With Keating’s encouraging words, Todd started to come out of his 15 , finding the courage to speak up and express himself. Keating’s encouragement was like a gentle wind that blew through the lives of these students, fanning the flames of their dreams and giving them the strength to pursue what they truly loved. 1．A．air B．gesture C．mood D．outlook 2．A．threat B．barrier C．challenge D．opportunity 3．A．However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Moreover 4．A．mysterious B．extraordinary C．practical D．specific 5．A．caring B．shining C．wandering D．watching 6．A．dance B．float C．move D．slide 7．A．insight B．innocence C．soul D．sense 8．A．between B．upon C．into D．within 9．A．poetry B．stage C．match D．music 10．A．dim B．adjust C．flash D．fuel 11．A．conceal B．project C．stimulate D．sustain 12．A．fall within B．persist in C．keep off D．go beyond 13．A．overseen B．overshadowed C．overestimated D．overlooked 14．A．step away B．fit in C．stand out D．push forward 15．A．routine B．shell C．circle D．space 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在保守的威尔顿学院，一位富有激情与独特气质的英语教师约翰·基廷用一种独特的方式教授学生，给他的学生带来了巨大的影响。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰·基廷是一位充满神秘和激情的英语老师，他走进了学院，就像一股清新的气息进入了沉闷的房间。A. air气质，氛围；B. gesture姿势；C. mood情绪；D. outlook展望。根据下文“mystery and passion”可知应该是带有神秘和激情的氛围，故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的出现本身就是对这所学校长期建立的规范的挑战。A. threat威胁；B. barrier障碍；C. challenge挑战；D. opportunity机会。根据下文“He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. (他不是那种简单地站在教室前面讲授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则的人)”可知他的教学理念和方式与学校传统的规范不一致，因此他是学校长期建立的规范的挑战。故选C。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他有一种独特的方式让文字生动起来。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. Moreover此外。根据上文“He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. (他不是那种简单地站在教室前面讲授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则的人)”可知他不讲授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则，相反的他用的一种独特方式授课，故选C。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让你的生活与众不同。A. mysterious神秘的；B. extraordinary非凡的；C. practical实际的；D. specific明确的。根据下文“These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions. (这些人曾经和你一样，有梦想，有潜力。别让这个地方埋葬了你的野心)”可知，约翰·基廷鼓励自己学生与众不同，故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的特殊避难所“Whispers of the Bard”是一个神奇的地方，可以躲避学校当局的监视。A. caring关心；B. shining发光；C. wandering徘徊；D. watching监视。根据上文“He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. (他不是那种简单地站在教室前面讲授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则的人)”可知他的教学方法违法了学校的规范，所以这是一个能躲避学校监视的地方，故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会满怀热情地背诵诗歌，歌词似乎在空中翩翩起舞。A. dance跳舞；B. float漂浮；C. move移动；D. slide滑动。根据上文“He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm”可知他充满热情地朗诵诗歌，就像歌词在空中舞动，形容诗歌的美感和灵动，故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是灵魂的语言。A. insight洞察力；B. innocence天真；C. soul灵感；D. sense感觉。根据下文“It’s the way we express the deepest desires (是我们表达内心深处欲望的方式)”可知说明诗歌是灵魂的语言，故选C。 8．考查介词词义辨析。句意： 这是我们表达内心最深处的渴望和最疯狂的梦想的方式。A. between在……之间；B. upon在……之上；C. into到……里面；D. within在……之内。根据上文“It’s the language of the 　　7　　”可知诗歌是灵魂的语言，所以应该是表达我们内心深处的东西，故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尼尔·佩里对舞台有着一种隐藏的热情，他的内心像一团小火一样燃烧着，基廷就像一颗指路的星。A. poetry诗歌；B. stage舞台；C. match比赛；D. music音乐。根据下文“He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you”可知，佩里对舞台有热情，stage是词汇复现，故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看到了尼尔眼中的潜力，对他说：“尼尔，舞台在等着你。不要让任何人，即使是你父亲，蒙蔽了你的光芒。你的梦想是宝贵的，你有天赋去实现它们。”A. dim使暗淡；B. adjust调整；C. flash使闪光；D. fuel加燃料。根据下文“Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.”可知基廷鼓励尼尔去实现他的梦想，所以是不让任何人蒙蔽他的光芒，故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他帮助尼尔练习台词，教他如何通过每个字来表达自己的情感。A. conceal隐藏；B. project表达；C. stimulate刺激；D. sustain维持。根据上文“He helped Neil practice his lines”可知基廷帮助尼尔练习台词，用文字表达自己的情感，故选B。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：每次在基廷的指导下，尼尔都变得更加自信，他相信自己甚至可以超越父亲对他的期望。A. fall within应列入……范围内；B. persist in坚持；C. keep off不接近；D. go beyond超出。根据上文“Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident”可知尼尔变得更加自信，感觉自己可以超越父亲对他的期望，故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：托德·安德森（Todd Anderson）生性害羞，常常被他的哥哥盖过风头，而他似乎样样都很出色，基廷注意到他有洞察文学深层含义的天赋。 A. overseen监督；B. overshadowed使失色；C. overestimated估计过高；D. overlooked忽略。根据上文“For Todd Anderson, who was shy”可知他生性害羞，所以常常被他的哥哥盖过风头，故选B。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“托德，”他说，“你的头脑是个宝箱。打开它，与世界分享你的想法。不要害怕脱颖而出。你的解释和其他人的解释一样有价值。”A. step away走开；B. fit in融入；C. stand out突出，脱颖而出；D. push forward推进。根据上文“your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world.”可知基廷鼓励托德与世界分享自己的想法，也就是不要害怕突出，故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在基廷的鼓励下，托德开始走出自己的壳，鼓起勇气说出来，表达自己的想法。A. routine常规；B. shell外壳；C. circle圆圈；D. space空间。根据下文“finding the courage to speak up and express himself”说明托德在基廷的鼓励下走出自己的壳，即克服害羞。故选B。 （24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in 1 . An example at hand is the 2 of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college 3 . The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is 4 today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is 5 . 6 , greater parental involvement does not indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children. In the context of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their 7 children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be 8 their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so was not 9 a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents — today’s grandparents — would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a 10 . Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent 11 of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are 12 for more money to be sent from home. This 13 is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past. 14 the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes 15 the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings. 1．A．attitudes B．relations C．lifestyles D．definitions 2．A．absence B．affection C．involvement D．panic 3．A．laboratories B．libraries C．canteens D．dormitories 4．A．greater B．busier C．harder D．gentler 5．A．casual B．appropriate C．genuine D．logical 6．A．Also B．However C．Instead D．Thus 7．A．disciplined B．spoiled C．grown D．educated 8．A．in memory of B．in charge of C．on behalf of D．in touch with 9．A．ready B．present C．alone D．worth 10．A．barrier B．conflict C．responsibility D．heartbreaker 11．A．channel B．mode C．subject D．medium 12．A．requests B．preferences C．votes D．sacrifices 13．A．technology B．routine C．motion D．phenomenon 14．A．Regardless of B．Along with C．Rather than D．Thanks to 15．A．identify with B．complain of C．result from D．account for 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科技变化对社会，尤其是父母与子女关系的影响，并指出这些变化并非父母想要控制子女，而是科技发展的结果。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，新技术带来的社会变化往往被误认为是态度上的变化。A. attitudes态度；B. relations关系；C. lifestyles生活方式；D. definitions定义。根据后文“This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is 5 .”和“But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes 15 the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.”可知，新技术带来的变化被误认为是父母态度的变化。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个现成的例子是父母对他们正在上大学的孩子生活的参与。A. absence缺席；B. affection喜爱，感情；C. involvement参与；D. panic恐慌。根据后文“Surveys on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college 3 . The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is 4 today than it was a generation ago.”可知，文中以父母对上大学子女生活的“参与”为例。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于这个话题的调查表明，即使在孩子们搬进大学宿舍后，今天的父母仍然“非常”或“有点”过度保护。A. laboratories实验室；B. libraries图书馆；C. canteens食堂；D. dormitories宿舍。根据常识可知，大学生通常住在校内的“宿舍”里，所以文中是指孩子们搬进大学宿舍后。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样的调查还表明，今天父母参与的程度比上一代要高。A. greater更大的，更大了；B. busier更忙碌的；C. harder更难的；D. gentler更温和的。根据“This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point...”和“ 6 , greater parental involvement does not indicate”可知，今天父母对孩子生活的参与的程度“更高”了。故选A项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这通常被解释为今天的父母试图管理他们孩子的生活，超过了这种行为是适当的程度。A. casual随意的；B. appropriate适当的；C. genuine真正的；D. logical合逻辑的。根据前文“parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college”和“today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point...”可推知，父母对孩子生活的参与已经超过了“适当的”的程度。故选B项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，父母更多的参与并不意味着父母未能放手让他们的“成年”孩子独立。A. Also也；B. However然而；C. Instead相反；D. Thus因此。前文“This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is 5 ”介绍了父母对孩子生活的过度参与，而后文“greater parental involvement does not indicate that parents are failing to let go”却说更多的参与并不意味着父母不能放手让他们的“成年”孩子独立。前后文之间为转折关系，所以用连接副词“However”表示转折。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个讨论的背景下，首先找出父母与他们成年的孩子参与程度变化的原因似乎是有价值的。A. disciplined有纪律的；B. spoiled被宠坏的；C. grown成年的；D. educated受过教育的。根据前文“their children who are attending college”可知，上大学的是“成年的”孩子。故选C项。 8．考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果早期时代的父母想要经常与他们处于大学年龄的孩子保持联系，这可能吗？A. in memory of为了纪念；B. in charge of负责；C. on behalf of代表；D. in touch with与……保持联系。根据后文“...their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not.”和“On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today...”可知，前后文是对比关系，比较了早期时代父母与现在父母与孩子“保持联系”的可能性。故选D项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，今天频繁沟通的可能性是否意味着前一代人这种沟通的冲动就不存在呢？A. ready准备好的；B. present存在的；C. alone独自的；D. worth值得的。后文“Many studies show that older parents — today’s grandparents — would have called their children more often”回答了上一代父母也有想与孩子频繁联系的愿望，由此推知，前文的问题是“今天频繁沟通的可能性是否意味着前一代人这种沟通的冲动就不存在呢？”；be present意为“存在”。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多研究表明，如果今天的祖父母们(即上一辈的父母)有办法并且成本不是一个障碍的话，他们会更频繁地给他们的孩子打电话。A. barrier障碍；B. conflict冲突；C. responsibility责任；D. heartbreaker令人伤心的人(或事)。结合常识和前文“means and cost of doing so”可知，以前成本和方式是阻碍老一辈父母与孩子频繁沟通的“障碍”。故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，研究表明，财务是父母与上大学的孩子之间沟通最频繁的主题。A. channel渠道；B. mode模式；C. subject主题；D. medium媒介。根据后文“The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents”可知，孩子在经济上依赖父母，所以父母与孩子沟通最频繁的是金钱这个“主题”。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大学生在经济上依赖父母并不是什么新鲜事，要求家里寄更多钱也不是什么新鲜事。A. requests要求；B. preferences偏好；C. votes投票；D. sacrifices牺牲。根据前文“The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents”可知，大学生在经济上依赖父母，所以会“要求”家里寄更多钱。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种现象既不好也不坏；它是今天和过去大学生活的一个事实。A. technology技术；B. routine常规；C. motion运动；D. phenomenon现象。根据前文“The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are 12 for more money to be sent from home.”可知，前文描述了大学生依赖父母以及要求家里寄钱是一种“现象”。故选D项。 14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：因为先进的技术，我们生活在一个沟通更好的时代。A. Regardless of不管；B. Along with与……一起；C. Rather than而不是；D. Thanks to因为，由于。根据后文“we live in an age of bettered communication”可知，“因为”先进的技术，我们的沟通变得更好，前后文是因果关系。故选D项。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但记住一点是有用的，所有这些变化都是技术带来的，而不是父母想把孩子留在他们身边的某种想象中的愿望。A. identify with认同；B. complain of抱怨；C. result from由……引起，起因于；D. account for解释，说明。根据前文“all such changes”以及后文“not some imagined desire by parents”可推知，这些变化都是由技术带来的。故选C项。 （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Better diagnoses. Personalized support for patients. Faster drug discovery. Greater efficiency. Artificial intelligence (AD) is generating excitement and hyperbole (夸张) everywhere, but in the field of health care it has the potential to be 1 . In Europe analysts predict that deploying AI could save hundreds of thousands of lives each year; in America, they say, it could also save money, shaving $200 to $360 billion from overall annual medical spending, now $4.5 trillion a year (or 17% of GDP). From smart stethoscopes (听诊器) and robot surgeons to the analysis of large data sets or the ability to chat to a medical AI with a human face, opportunities 2 . There is already evidence that AI systems can enhance 3 accuracy and disease tracking, improve the prediction of patients’ outcomes and suggest better treatments. It can also boost efficiency in hospitals and surgeries by 4 tasks such as medical transcription and monitoring patients, and by streamlining administration. It may already be 5 the time it takes for new drugs to reach clinical trials. New tools, including generative AI, could supercharge these abilities. Yet as our Technology Quarterly this week shows, 6 AI has been used in health care for many years, integration has been slow and the results have often been of average standard. There are good and bad reasons for this. The good reasons are that health care demands high evidentiary 7 when introducing new tools, to protect patients’ safety. The bad reasons involve data, regulation and incentives. Overcoming them could hold lessons for AI in other fields. AI systems learn by processing huge volumes of data, something health-care providers have in abundance. But health data is highly fragmented; strict rules control its use. Governments recognize that patients want their medical 8 protected. But patients also want better and more personalized care. Each year roughly 800,000 Americans suffer from poor medical decision- making. Improving accuracy and reducing 9 in AI tools requires them to be trained on large data sets that reflect patients’ full diversity. Finding secure ways to allow health data to move more freely would help. But it could benefit patients, too: they should be given the right to 10 their own records in a digital format. Consumer-health firms are already making use of data from wearables, with varying success. 11 patients’ records would let people make fuller use of their data and take more responsibility for their health. Another problem is managing and 12 these innovations. In many countries the governance of AI in health, as in other areas, is struggling to keep up with the rapid pace of innovation. Regulatory authorities may be slow to approve new AI tools or may lack capacity and expertise. Governments need to 13 regulators assessing new AI tools. They also need to fill regulatory gaps in the surveillance of adverse events, and in the continuous monitoring of algorithms to ensure they remain accurate, safe, effective and transparent. That will be hard. One solution would be for countries to work together, to learn from each other and create minimum global standards. A less 14 international regulatory system would also help create a market in which small companies can innovate. Poorer countries, with less developed health infrastructure, have much to gain from introducing new tools, such as an AI-powered portable ultrasound device for obstetrics. Because the 15 to an AI tool is often no treatment at all, they may even be able to leapfrog the entrenched health systems of rich countries — though a lack of data, connectivity and computing power will get in the way. 1．A．transformational B．exaggerated C．informative D．capitalized 2．A．popularize B．dominate C．outstand D．flourish 3．A．technological B．administrative C．diagnostic D．theoretical 4．A．getting into B．taking on C．breaking through D．hanging out 5．A．speeding B．devoting C．budgeting D．killing 6．A．whenever B．since C．unless D．although 7．A．certificates B．barriers C．interventions D．qualifications 8．A．interest B．insurance C．symptom D．privacy 9．A．rumors B．misfortunes C．bias D．defeats 10．A．access B．clarify C．investigate D．preserve 11．A．Chronological B．Authentic C．Portable D．Documentary 12．A．advancing B．exploiting C．resisting D．regulating 13．A．dismiss B．anticipate C．facilitate D．stimulate 14．A．exclusive B．problematic C．complex D．indulgent 15．A．counterpart B．alternative C．rival D．contrary 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．C 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力、挑战以及如何克服这些挑战以实现更好的医疗服务。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人工智能在各个领域引发了巨大热情和夸张宣传，但在医疗领域却具有变革的潜力。A. transformational变革的；B. exaggerated夸张的；C. informative信息量大的；D. capitalized资本化的。根据上文“Better diagnoses. Personalized support for patients. Faster drug discovery. Greater efficiency.”可知，人工智能在医疗保健领域可以做出很多改进，所以这里表示它有变革性的潜力。故选A。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从智能听诊器、机器人外科医生，到大型数据集的分析，或是与拥有人类面孔的医疗人工智能进行聊天的能力，机会不断涌现、繁荣发展。A. popularize普及；B. dominate统治；C. outstand突出；D. flourish繁荣。根据上文“Artificial intelligence is generating excitement and hyperbole everywhere, but in the field of health care it has the potential to be __1__. In Europe analysts predict that deploying AI could save hundreds of thousands of lives each year; in America, they say, it could also save money, shaving $200 to $360 billion from overall annual medical spending, now $4.5 trillion a year (or 17% of GDP).”可知，人工智能在医疗保健领域有变革性的潜力，所以机会的发展和出现是繁荣的体现。故选D。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：已经有证据表明，人工智能系统可以提高诊断准确性和疾病追踪能力，改善对患者预后的预测，并提出更好的治疗方案。A. technological技术的；B. administrative管理的；C. diagnostic诊断的；D. theoretical理论的。根据下文“accuracy and disease tracking, improve the prediction of patients’ outcomes and suggest better treatments”可知，人工智能对诊断准确性的提升。故选C。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过接手医学抄写和病人监测等任务，并通过简化管理，AI可以提高医院和手术的效率。A. getting into进入；B. taking on承担；C. breaking through突破；D. hanging out闲逛。根据上文“It can also boost efficiency in hospitals and surgeries”可知，AI通过承担任务提高效率。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可能已经加快了新药进入临床试验的时间。A. speeding加速；B. devoting奉献；C. budgeting预算；D. killing杀死。根据下文“New tools, including generative AI, could supercharge these abilities.”可知，包括生成式AI在内的新工具可以极大地增强这些能力，所以AI可以通过提升效率来加速进程。故选A。 6．考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，正如我们本周的技术季刊所示，尽管AI在医疗保健领域已经使用了多年，但整合速度缓慢，结果往往只是平均水平。A. whenever无论何时；B. since自从；C. unless除非；D. although尽管。根据上文“et as our Technology Quarterly this week shows”以及下文“AI has been used in health care for many years, integration has been slow and the results have often been of average standard.”可知，前后语境有对比转折关系。故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的原因是，医疗保健在引入新工具时要求有高证明标准，以保障患者安全。A. certificates证书；B. barriers障碍；C. interventions干预；D. qualifications资格。根据下文“when introducing new tools, to protect patients’ safety.”可知，医疗工具需要高标准的证明。故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府认识到患者希望他们的医疗隐私得到保护。A. interest利益；B. insurance保险；C. symptom症状；D. privacy隐私。根据上文“AI systems learn by processing huge volumes of data, something health-care providers have in abundance. But health data is highly fragmented; strict rules control its use.”可知，AI系统通过处理大量数据来学习，而医疗保健提供者拥有大量的数据。但是，医疗数据高度分散，并且受到严格规则的控制。政府认识到患者不愿意分享的正是其隐私。故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：提高AI工具的准确性和减少偏见需要它们在反映患者多样性的大型数据集上进行训练。A. rumors 谣言；B. misfortunes 不幸；C. bias 偏见；D. defeats 失败。根据上文“Improving accuracy”以及下文“in AI tools requires them to be trained on large data sets that reflect patients’ full diversity.”可知，通过在大型数据集上进行训练，可以反映患者的全面多样性，从而减少偏见。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们应该被赋予以数字格式获取自己记录的权利。A. access获取；B. clarify 澄清；C. investigate调查；D. preserve保存。根据上文“Finding secure ways to allow health data to move more freely would help”以及“they should be given the right”可知，找到安全的方法让健康数据更自由地流动会有所帮助，因此这里表示患者应该有权获取自己的健康数据。故选A。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可携带的患者记录可以让人们更充分地利用他们的数据，并对自己的健康承担更多责任。A. Chronological年代的；B. Authentic真实的；C. Portable 可携带的；D. Documentary记录的。根据上文“they should be given the right to access their own records in a digital format”可知，患者有权获取自己的健康数据，可携带的患者的记录将使人们能够更充分地利用这些数据。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个问题是管理和规管这些创新。A. advancing提升；B. exploiting利用；C. resisting抵制；D. regulating规管。根据下文“In many countries the governance of AI in health, as in other areas, is struggling to keep up with the rapid pace of innovation.”可知，这里指的是管理和监管这些创新。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：政府需要为评估新AI工具的监管机构提供便利。A. dismiss解雇；B. anticipate预料；C. facilitate促进；D. stimulate刺激。根据上文“Regulatory authorities may be slow to approve new AI tools or may lack capacity and expertise.”以及下文“They also need to fill regulatory gaps in the surveillance of adverse events, and in the continuous monitoring of algorithms to ensure they remain accurate, safe, effective and transparent.”可知，监管机构可能行动缓慢或缺乏能力和专业知识，因此政府需要促进监管机构评估新的人工智能工具。故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：一个不太复杂的国际监管体系也将有助于创造小公司可以创新的市场。A. exclusive排外的；B. problematic有问题的；C. complex复杂的；D. indulgent放纵的。根据上文“One solution would be for countries to work together, to learn from each other and create minimum global standards.”以及下文“international regulatory system would also help create a market in which small companies can innovate.”可知，一个解决方案是各国合作，相互学习并创建最低全球标准。所以不太复杂的国际监管体系将有助于创造一个让小公司能够创新的市场。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为对于人工智能工具的使用往往意味着根本没有其他治疗方法可供选择，所以他们甚至可能能够超越富裕国家根深蒂固的医疗体系 —— 尽管缺乏数据、连通性和计算能力会阻碍这一进程。A. counterpart对应物；B. alternative替代物；C. rival竞争者；D. contrary相反。根据下文“they may even be able to leapfrog the entrenched health systems of rich countries — though a lack of data, connectivity and computing power will get in the way.”可知，另一选择是没有使用AI工具，强调的是替代选择。故选B。 重难语篇拔高练 （24-25高三上·上海·期中）How Do You Know You’re Not in the Matrix? At the heart of the philosophy of Aristotle and St Thomas Aquinas is the idea that we come into contact with reality through the senses. But what if our senses are not a(n) 1 source? Perhaps our senses are deceiving us, and everything we perceive isn’t real but is an illusion like in the movie The Matrix. This 2 of sense knowledge was part of Rene Descartes’s methodic doubt, which many radical (激进的) skeptics have adopted. Descartes argued: whatever I have up till now accepted as most true I have acquired either from the senses or through the senses. But I have found that the senses may deceive me 3 , and it is sensible never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once. And one example Descartes gives as evidence is the fact that objects at a distance look smaller than what they are. But this is not deception. The sense of sight is reporting 4 what it perceives. As D．Q. McInerny says, “This is the sense of sight functioning just as it should, in order to give me a proper knowledge of 5 ”. Only when one made the judgement that “the man is small and then becomes big” would 6 come in. Truth and falsity do not 7 sensory perception but the fact of judging that perception. Another 8 with Descartes’s reason for doubting sensory perception is that he relies on only one sensory power. It’s often the case that in order to test whether one sense is deceiving us, we must 9 another sense. To use an example that many radical skeptics do to justify their doubt of sense knowledge. I may perceive the stick 10 immersed in water as crooked (弯曲). How do I determine whether what I perceive is actually the case? I pick up the stick. When I do so, I judge the stick is actually 11 . But in order to make a correct judgment about the stick, I use another sensory power—namely, 12 —that I must trust in order to make the proper judgment. With regard to Descartes’s example, in order to make a sound judgment about the 13 of the man walking up the street, Descartes would have to make contact with him through the sense of touch and measure him, which requires trust in sense knowledge. Furthermore, Descartes’s recognition of the man’s small stature (身高) as 14 presupposes his trust in his previous sensory experience of the man’s tall stature. As Ralph McInerny notes, “Descartes must trust his senses in order to challenge them.” So, if it’s reasonable to trust sense knowledge, and the senses put us into contact with the 15 world, then we can have greater certainty that what we perceive is objectively real. 1．A．external B．primary C．reliable D．alternative 2．A．disbelief B．application C．branch D．command 3．A．in no case B．out of nowhere C．by all means D．now and then 4．A．accurately B．independently C．accidentally D．randomly 5．A．philosophy B．distance C．nature D．life 6．A．analysis B．error C．change D．reflection 7．A．lead to B．serve as C．identify with D．lie in 8．A．problem B．consideration C．advantage D．perspective 9．A．abandon B．regain C．sharpen D．employ 10．A．barely B．wrongly C．partially D．completely 11．A．hollow B．straight C．thick D．bent 12．A．smell B．sight C．touch D．taste 13．A．size B．status C．age D．weight 14．A．scientific B．unusual C．reasonable D．horrifying 15．A．imaginary B．private C．contemporary D．outside 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要论述的是笛卡尔对感官知识的怀疑。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果我们的感官不是一个可靠的来源呢？A. external外部的；B. primary主要的；C. reliable可靠的；D. alternative可选择的。根据下文中的“Perhaps our senses are deceiving us, and everything we perceive isn’t real”可知，可能我们的感官在欺骗我们，由此可知，我们的感官可能是不“可靠的”。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种对感官知识的怀疑是Rene Descartes方法论怀疑的一部分，许多激进的怀疑论者都采用了这种怀疑。A. disbelief怀疑；B. application申请，运用；C. branch树枝，分支；D. command命令。根据下文中的“part of Rene Descartes’s methodic doubt”可知，此处指的是对这种感官的“怀疑”，disbelief与doubt为近义词。故选A。 3．考查固定短语辨析。句意：但我发现感觉有时会欺骗我，明智的做法是永远不要完全相信那些哪怕欺骗过我们一次的人。A. in no case决不；B. out of nowhere突然冒出来；C. by all means无论如何，一定；D. now and then时不时地。根据上文中的“I have found that the senses may deceive me”可知，感官可能会欺骗我们，结合下文“it is sensible never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once”可知，我们不要完全相信，由此可知，此处表示感觉有时会欺骗“我”。故选D。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：视觉准确地报告它所感知到的东西。A. accurately准确地；B. independently独立地；C. accidentally偶然地；D. randomly随意地。根据上文中的“But this is not deception.”可知，这不是欺骗，所以，视觉“准确地”报告了它所感觉的一切。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如D. Q. McInerny所说，“这就是视觉的功能，它应该发挥作用，让我对距离有一个正确的认识”。A. philosophy哲学；B. distance距离；C. nature自然；D. life生活。根据上文“objects at a distance look smaller than what they are”和下文中的同位语从句“that “the man is small and then becomes big” would”可知，此处应是一个有关“距离”的认识。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有当一个人做出“人先小后大”的判断时，世界上才会出现错误。A. analysis分析；B. error错误；C. change改变；D. reflection反思。根据上文中的“the man is small and then becomes big”可知，当一个人的判断是“人是小的，而后又变成大的”的时候，“错误”就出现了。故选B。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：真假不在于感官知觉，而在于判断这种知觉的事实。A. lead to导致；B. serve as充当；C. identify with认同；D. lie in在于。根据下文中的“sensory perception but the fact of judging that perception”可知，此处分辨的是真假理论，真假并不“在于”感官的感觉中，而在于判断的行为中。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：笛卡尔怀疑感官知觉的另一个问题是，他只依赖于一种感官力量。A. problem问题；B. consideration考虑；C. advantage优点；D. perspective视角，观点。根据下文中的表语从句“that he relies on only one sensory power.”可知，仅仅依赖一种感官能力，这是笛卡尔质疑感官知觉存在的另一种“问题”。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，为了测试一种感觉是否欺骗了我们，我们必须使用另一种感觉。A. abandon放弃；B. regain恢复，重新获得；C. sharpen使变得尖锐；D. employ雇佣，运用。根据上文中的“It’s often the case that in order to test whether one sense is deceiving us”可知，为了测试一种感觉是否欺骗我们，我们应“运用”什么手段，所以“运用”符合语境。故选D。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我可能会认为部分浸入水中的木棍是弯曲的。A. barely仅仅，刚刚；B. wrongly错误地；C. partially部分地；D. completely完全地。根据常识和下文中的“immersed in water as crooked (弯曲).”可知，把木棍“部分地”置于水中，看上去是弯曲的。故选C。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我这样做的时候，我判断棍子实际上是直的。A. hollow中空的；B. straight直的；C. thick浓厚的；D. bent弯的。根据常识和上文中的“I may perceive the stick partially immersed in water as crooked (弯曲).”以及“I pick up the stick.”可知，木棍部分在水中的时候看上去是弯曲的，而从水中取出时，应该是“直的”。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是为了对棍子做出正确的判断，我使用了另一种感官力量——即触觉——为了做出正确的判断，我必须信任它。A. smell嗅觉；B. sight视觉；C. touch触觉；D. taste味觉。根据下文中的“Descartes would have to make contact with him through the sense of touch and measure him, which requires trust in sense knowledge”可知，此处指的是利用另外一种感官“触觉”做出准确的判断。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在笛卡尔的例子中，为了对走在街上的人的大小做出合理的判断，笛卡尔必须通过触觉与他人接触并测量他人，这需要信任感官知识。A. size尺寸，大小；B. status地位；C. age年龄；D. weight重量。根据下文中的“Descartes would have to make contact with him through the sense of touch and measure him, which requires trust in sense knowledge”和“the man’s small stature (身高)”可知，我们通过接触这些行人去测量行人，由此可知，此处指的是“对走在街上的人的大小做出合理的判断”。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，笛卡尔认为这个人身材矮小是不寻常的，这是以他对他先前对这个人身材高大的感官经验的信任为前提的。A. scientific科学的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. reasonable合理的；D. horrifying可怕的。根据下文中的“presupposes his trust in his previous sensory experience of the man’s tall stature”可知，假如他相信之前对这个人身材高大感官的经验的话，所以此处认为这个人身材矮小有些“不寻常”。故选B。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，如果相信感官知识是合理的，而且感官让我们与外部世界接触，那么我们就能更确定我们所感知的是客观真实的。A. imaginary想象的；B. private私人的；C. contemporary当代的；D. outside外面的。根据常识和上文中的“if it’s reasonable to trust sense knowledge, and the senses put us into contact”以及空后的world可知，感官是让我们与“外部的”世界接触。故选D。 （24-25高三下·上海·开学考试）As newborns, we enter the world by inhaling. In leaving, we exhale. (In fact, in many languages the word “exhale” is synonymous with “ 1 .”) Breathing is so central to life that it is no wonder humankind long ago noted its value not only to survival but to the 2 of the body and mind and began controlling it to improve well-being. As early as the first millennium B．C．, both the Tao religion of China and Hinduism placed importance on a “vital principle” that flows through the body, a kind of energy or internal breath. The Chinese call this energy qi, and Hindus call it prana (one of the key concepts of yoga). A little later, in the West, the Greek term pheuma and the Hebrew term ruah both 3 the breath and the divine presence. 4 for how to modulate(调节) breathing and influence health and mind appeared centuries ago as well. Pranayama(“breath retention”) yoga was the first to build a theory around respiratory(呼吸的) control, holding that 5 breathing was a way to increase longevity. In more modern times, German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz developed “autogenic training” in the 1920s as a method of 6 . The approach is partly 7 slow and deep breathing and is probably still the best-known breathing technique for relaxation in the West today. Yoga and meditation have inspired many of the breathing exercises used today. The 8 of controlled respiration were first theoretically suggested centuries ago by the practitioners of pranayama yoga. What is the best time to 9 slow-breathing techniques? One is during occasional episodes of 10 —for example, before taking an exam, competing in a sporting event or even attending a routine meeting at work. These exercises may also help when insomnia strikes. In 2012 Suzanne M. Bertisch of Harvard Medical School and her colleagues reported, based on survey data, that more than 20 percent of American insomniacs do these breathing exercises to have a 11 sleep. But respiratory techniques do not work only for acute stresses or sleep problems; they can also relieve chronic anxiety. They are particularly 12 in people with psychiatric disorders such as phobias(恐惧症), depression and post-traumatic stress disorder(创伤后压力). In 2015 Stefania Doria and her colleagues at Fatebenefratellie Oftalmico Hospital in Milan, Italy, offered 10 training sessions to 69 patients with anxiety or depressive disorders. The researchers observed a significant 13 in symptoms at the end of the sessions. But why confine breathing techniques to 14 emotions? It is also worth applying them during pleasurable moments, to take the time to appreciate and remember them. In short, one can pause and breathe for 15 as well as to calm down. 1．A．changing B．recovering C．dying D．destroying 2．A．strengthening B．maintaining C．building D．functioning 3．A．dealt with B．referred to C．led to D．consisted of 4．A．Policies B．Recommendations C．Clues D．Habits 5．A．labored B．slowed C．deepened D．controlled 6．A．relaxation B．development C．illustration D．communication 7．A．based on B．intended for C．adapted to D．compared with 8．A．difficulties B．performances C．benefits D．harms 9．A．improve B．master C．apply D．pioneer 10．A．thrill B．stress C．excitement D．calm 11．A．restless B．dreamy C．light D．profound 12．A．sensitive B．powerful C．effective D．safe 13．A．decrease B．discovery C．difference D．development 14．A．diverse B．delicate C．personal D．negative 15．A．anxiety B．enjoyment C．fear D．relief 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了呼吸的重要性和调节呼吸对健康及心态的影响，介绍了从古至今的呼吸控制理论、技巧及其在不同情境下的应用。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为新生儿，我们通过吸气来到这个世界。在离世时，我们呼气。（事实上，在许多语言中，“呼气”一词与“死亡”是同义词。）A. changing改变；B. recovering恢复；C. dying死亡；D. destroying破坏。根据上文“In leaving, we exhale.”可知，我们离世的时候会呼气。由此可推测，在许多语言中，呼气和死亡是同义词。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：呼吸对生命至关重要，难怪人类很久以前就注意到了它不仅对生存至关重要，而且对身心功能的运作也至关重要，并开始控制呼吸以改善健康状况。A. strengthening加强；B. maintaining维持；C. building建立；D. functioning运作。根据下文“began controlling it to improve well-being”可知，空处指的是对身心功能的运作很重要，所以要学会控制呼吸以改善健康。故选D。 3．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：稍后，在西方，希腊语中的“pheuma”和希伯来语中的“ruah”都指的是呼吸和神的存在。A. dealt with处理；B. referred to提及、指的是；C. led to导致；D. consisted of由……组成。根据空前“the Greek term pheuma and the Hebrew term ruah”以及空后“the breath and the divine presence”可知，空后是对主语的解释。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于如何调节呼吸以及影响健康和心态的建议也早在几个世纪前就出现了。A. Policies政策；B. Recommendations建议、推荐；C. Clues线索；D. Habits习惯。根据下文“Pranayama(“breath retention”) yoga was the first to build a theory around respiratory(呼吸的) control, holding that ___5___breathing was a way to increase longevity.”可知，下文是如何调节呼吸的一些建议。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：普拉纳雅玛（“屏息”）瑜伽是第一个围绕呼吸控制建立理论的，认为控制呼吸是延长寿命的一种方式。A. labored费力做、致力于；B. slowed减慢；C. deepened加深；D. controlled控制。根据上文“Pranayama(“breath retention”) yoga was the first to build a theory around respiratory(呼吸的) control”可知，该理论是围绕呼吸控制的，由此可知，空处指的是控制呼吸可延长寿命。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在近现代，德国精神病学家约翰内斯·海因里希·舒尔茨在20世纪20年代开发了“自生训练”作为一种放松方法。A. relaxation放松；B. development发展；C. illustration说明；D. communication交流。根据下文“The approach is partly___7___slow and deep breathing and is probably still the best-known breathing technique for relaxation in the West today.”可知，这种方法是用来放松自我的。故选A。 7．考查短语词义辨析。句意：这种方法部分基于缓慢而深长的呼吸，可能是当今西方最著名的放松呼吸技巧。A. based on以……为基础、基于；B. intended for为了；C. adapted to适应；D. compared with与……相比。根据空前主语“the approach”以及空后“slow and deep breathing”可知，该方法以缓慢而深长的呼吸为基础。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：控制呼吸的好处早在几个世纪前就被普拉纳雅玛瑜伽的修行者从理论上提出来了。A. difficulties困难；B. performances表演、表现；C. benefits好处、益处；D. harms伤害。根据上文“Yoga and meditation have inspired many of the breathing exercises used today.”可知，本段讲述的是控制呼吸的好处。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：什么时候最适合应用慢呼吸技巧呢？A. improve提高、改善；B. master掌握；C. apply应用、使用；D. pioneer开辟、开创。根据下文“One is during occasional episodes of___10___—for example, before taking an exam, competing in a sporting event or even attending a routine meeting at work.”可知，空处指的是什么时候我们应该运用慢呼吸技巧。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一是在偶尔出现压力的时候——例如，在考试前、参加体育比赛时，甚至是参加日常工作会议时。A. thrill激动；B. stress压力；C. excitement兴奋；D. calm平静。根据下文“for example, before taking an exam, competing in a sporting event or even attending a routine meeting at work”以及常理可知，这些都是压力大的时候。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2012年，哈佛医学院的苏珊娜·M·伯提施及其同事根据调查数据报告称，超过20%的美国失眠症患者会做这些呼吸练习来获得深度睡眠。A. restless不安的；B. dreamy梦幻的；C. light明亮的、轻松的；D. profound深奥的、深度的。根据上文“These exercises may also help when insomnia strikes.”可知，呼吸练习有益于解决失眠问题。由此可推测，超过20%的美国失眠症患者会做这些呼吸练习来获得深度睡眠。故选D。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于有恐惧症、抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍等精神疾病的人来说，它们尤其有效。A. sensitive敏感的；B. powerful强大的；C. effective有效的；D. safe安全的。根据上文“But respiratory techniques do not work only for acute stresses or sleep problems; they can also relieve chronic anxiety.”可知，呼吸训练对于解决焦虑问题有帮助。由此可知，这个方法对于有恐惧症、抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍等精神疾病的人来说，尤其有效。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员观察到，在课程结束时，患者的症状明显减轻。A. decrease减少；B. discovery发现；C. difference差异；D. development发展。根据上文“But respiratory techniques do not work only for acute stresses or sleep problems; they can also relieve chronic anxiety.”可知，呼吸训练会缓解焦虑。由此可知，当课程结束时，患者的症状减轻了。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但为什么要将呼吸技巧局限于负面情绪呢？A. diverse多样的；B. delicate精致的；C. personal个人的；D. negative负面的、消极的。根据上文“But respiratory techniques do not work only for acute stresses or sleep problems; they can also relieve chronic anxiety.”等可知，上文提到的都是一些负面的情绪。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，人们可以停下来呼吸，既是为了享受，也是为了平静下来。A. anxiety焦虑；B. enjoyment享受；C. fear恐惧；D. relief解脱、缓解。根据上文“It is also worth applying them during pleasurable moments, to take the time to appreciate and remember them.”可知，呼吸训练还可以让我们享受当下。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$