专题01 语法填空15篇（上海市高考模拟真题）（第二期）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(上海专用)

专题01 语法填空15篇(上海市高考模拟) 基础语篇巩固练 （2025·上海徐汇·一模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Pioneers in artificial intelligence win the Nobel Prize in physics The 2024 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. They are known for their fundamental discoveries in machine learning, 1 paved the way for how artificial intelligence is used today. Machine learning differs from traditional software. The software receives data, which is processed according to a clear description, and 2 (produce) the results. In machine learning, the computer learns by example, enabling it to tackle problems that are too complicated 3 (manage) by step-by-step instructions. Hinton and Hopfield 4 (credit) with using tools from physics to advance basic research in the field. In 1982, Hopfield developed a model of neural (神经的) networks, today known as the Hopfield network, to describe how the brain recalls memories when 5 (feed) partial information, similar to the method your brain uses to remember a word on the tip of your tongue. Geoff Hinton and colleagues further developed the Hopfield network. To do that, Hinton used statistical physics, based on an equation invented by the nineteenth century physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, creating a “Boltzmann machine.” It can learn— not from instructions, but from 6 (give) examples. A trained Boltzmann machine can recognize familiar traits (特质) in information it has not previously seen. Imagine meeting a friend’s brother or sister, and you can immediately see that they 7 be related. In a similar way, the Boltzmann machine can recognize an entirely new example 8 it belongs to a category found in the training material. Hinton has also urged caution around the technology. Hinton quit his job as a vice president last year at a tech giant. He said he left because he wanted to be able to share his concerns about the risks of artificial intelligence without worrying 9 it would mean for his employer. “One of the ways in which these systems might escape control is by writing their own computer code to modify 10 ,” Hinton said in a 2023 interview. “That’s something we need to seriously worry about.” 【答案】 1．which 2．produces 3．to manage/ to be managed 4．are credited/were credited 5．fed 6．being given/ given 7．must 8．if/when 9．what 10．themselves 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖得主因机器学习领域贡献获奖，并讨论了AI风险。 2．考查定语从句。句意：他们因在机器学习领域的根本性发现而闻名，这为今天人工智能的使用奠定了基础。根据空前are和空后paved可知，空处为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为their fundamental discoveries，指物，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：软件接收数据，根据明确的描述进行处理，并产生结果。根据空前and可知，空处为谓语动词，和receive并列，表示一般事实，需用一般现在时，主语为The software，谓语需用第三人称单数形式。故填produces。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：在机器学习中，计算机通过示例学习，使其能够解决通过逐步指令无法管理的过于复杂的问题。根据空前are too complicated可知，空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，固定搭配be complicated to do sth.“做某事是复杂的”，可填to manage,也可以构成固定搭配too…to…意为“太……而不能……”，修饰problems，problems和manage之间为被动关系，需用to be managed。故填to manage/to be managed。 5．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：Hinton和Hopfield因使用物理学工具推动该领域的基础研究而受到赞誉。根据空前主语Hinton and Hopfield可知，空处需用谓语动词作谓语，既可指陈述现在事实，需用一般现在时，也可指陈述过去事实，需用一般过去时，主语为Hinton and Hopfield，为复数形式，谓语需用复数形式，和主语之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。故填are credited/were credited。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：1982年，Hopfield开发了一种神经网络模型，今天被称为Hopfield网络，用于描述当大脑接收到部分信息时如何回忆记忆，这与你的大脑记住舌尖上的单词的方法相似。根据空前when可知，此句为when引导时间状语从句的省略句，空处需用非谓语动词作状语，when引导的从句中主语为the brain，和feed之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式。故填fed。 7．考查形容词或动名词。句意：它可以学习——不是从指令中学习，而是从给出的例子中学习。根据空前from和空后examples可知，空处需用形容词作名词examples的定语，需用given，意为“特定的”。也可看成动名词，作介词from的宾语，与examples为被动关系，应用被动语态，需用being given。故填being given/given。 8．考查情态动词。句意：想象一下，当你遇到朋友的兄弟姐妹时，你肯定可以立刻看出他们有亲戚关系。根据空前they和空后be可知，空处需用情态动词must表示“肯定”。故填must。 9．考查状语从句。句意：同样地，Boltzmann机器可以识别一个全新的例子，如果它属于训练材料中找到的一个类别。根据空前can和空后belongs可知，空处需用从属连词引导状语从句，根据句意可知，空处需用从属连词if/when表示“如果/当……时”。故填if/when。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：他说他离职是因为他想能够分享他对人工智能风险的担忧，而不必担心这会对他的雇主意味着什么。根据空前worrying和空后would可知，空处引导宾语从句，作worrying的宾语，从句中缺少 mean的宾语，指物，需用连接词what。故填what。 【点睛】考查代词。句意：Hinton在2023年的一次采访中说：“这些系统可能失控的方式之一是通过编写自己的计算机代码来修改自己。”根据空前modify可知，空处需用代词作modify的宾语，指代前面提到的computer code，需用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 （24-25高三上·上海杨浦·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Silent Book Club Two dozen people gathered in a cozy café-bookstore in Minnesota, chatting and laughing with those seated beside them. After ten minutes, the room 1 (fall) quiet. Then people opened their books and began to read. 2 most book clubs, the Silent Book Club’s Minneapolis chapter doesn’t require members to read a specific book. The setup is simple: Bring whatever book you happen 3 (read) currently. Quietly read that book for 45 minutes. Then share a bit about the book with others. The clubs attract introverts, bookworms and rebels who resist the idea of spending precious reading time on a book 4 else selected for them. “I hated assigned reading in school,” said Kortney Webster, 5 member of this club since it started in 2019, shaking her head. “Whenever I see the books 6 (recommend) on the reading list, I can’t help but turn away from them.” Across the table from her was Matt Streit, who launched the Minneapolis chapter of 7 has become a global phenomenon. Streit had heard a radio story about the founder of the first silent book club, with 8 contact was immediately established. Inspired by the founder’s vision, Streit decided to initiate his own chapter of the club. Fortunately, his club, though 9 (found) only a year ago, has now over 100 regulars. It has grown organically, attracting media attention and generating buzz on social media without any paid advertising. As Streit has emphasized, the club is for everyone and now it is organized regularly 10 those who are shy can seek a balance of privacy and socialization. 【答案】 1．fell 2．Unlike 3．to be reading 4．someone 5．a 6．recommended 7．what 8．whom 9．founded 10．so that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无声读书俱乐部，包括其活动形式、吸引的人群、创立过程以及意义等。 2．考查动词时态。句意：十分钟后，房间安静了下来。根据前后句可知，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填fell。 3．考查介词。句意：与大多数读书俱乐部不同，无声读书俱乐部的明尼阿波利斯分会不要求会员读某一本书。根据句意可知，此处应用介词表示“与……不同”，介词unlike符合语境，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Unlike。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：设置很简单：带上你正在读的任何一本书。happen to do sth为固定搭配，意为“碰巧做某事”，根据句意，描述的是最近正在读的书，不定式的进行时。故填to be reading。 5．考查代词。句意：这些俱乐部吸引了内向者、书虫和那些反对把宝贵的阅读时间花在别人为他们挑选的书上的叛逆者。本句是省略which或者that的定语从句，从句缺少主语，应填名词或者代词作主语，根据句意，应是someone else意为“别的人”符合语境。故填someone。 6．考查冠词。句意：“我讨厌学校布置的阅读，”科特尼·韦伯斯特摇着头说，她自2019年成立以来一直是这个俱乐部的成员。此处是固定搭配：a member of意为“……的一员”。故填a。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：“每当我看到阅读清单上推荐的书时，我都不由自主地避开了它们。”坐在她对面的是马特·斯特雷特，他创立了已经成为全球现象的明尼阿波利斯分会。本句已有谓语动词see，所以recommend用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语books之间是被动关系，用过去分词，表被动。故填recommended。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：“每当我看到阅读清单上推荐的书时，我都不由自主地避开了它们。”坐在她对面的是马特·斯特雷特，他创立了已经成为全球现象的明尼阿波利斯分会。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物，用连接代词what引导。故填what。 9．考查定语从句。句意：斯特雷特在广播中听到了第一个默读俱乐部创始人的故事，并立即与他建立了联系。空处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是the founder，在从句中作介词宾语，指人，用宾格whom引导。故填whom。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，他的俱乐部虽然成立才一年，但现在已经有100多名常客了。本句是though引导的让步状语从句，此处是省略句，完整句子为though his club was founded only a year ago，当从句主语和主句主语相同，且有be动词时，从句主语和be动词可省略。故填founded。 11．考查状语从句。句意：正如斯特雷特所强调的，这个俱乐部是为每个人服务的，现在它定期组织活动，以便那些害羞的人可以在隐私和社交之间找到平衡。空处引导状语从句，根据句意，应是so that意为“以便”引导结果状语从句。故填so that。 （2025·上海宝山·一模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In the heart of the city where towering buildings go up into the sky, firefighters spring into action. Within 60 seconds of hearing a bell ring, they 21 (dress) and rushing toward the chaos of a high-rise on fire. They have to head inside, knowing that floors could collapse under them and ceilings could fall on their heads. One wrong decision 22 mean death. Who would sign up for a job like that? Ask firefighter Sam Telfer. He used to sit in a high-rise office of a software company in San Diego, California. Now he is trained 23 (break) into rooms full of blinding smoke and terrible heat and come up with a rescue strategy. “I wanted to be on my feet 24 (much), working with my hands, learning new and practical skills and having a job that varied day by day.” That’s quite an understatement to describe a career 25 requires you to keep a cool head while attacking a fire. But Telfer says that flames and nerves can be conquered in the same way: continuous physical and mental training. Telfer was a runner in college, but nowadays he builds up his lung capacity for life-threatening conditions instead of races. He might climb hundreds of steps, wearing 34 kilograms of gear (装备), including oxygen tanks. He may carry unconscious victims to safety. No matter what he does, he must control his breathing. Panic will only waste his 26 (limit) air supply. His survival 27 (depend) on more than physical fitness. Firefighters must have extensive mental preparation. Between disasters, they study a wide range of subjects such as emergency medicine, structural design and chemical reactions. They practice quickly 28 (assess) the changing conditions of a fire. “It is 29 we love the job,” Telfer says. “We are constantly learning.” Going from being a software specialist to a first responder was quite a shift for Telfer. Never could he have imagined the challenges he would face. But he says, “Not once have I ever felt that it was not the right job for me.” Danger might be waiting 30 he heads to work each day. But his body and mind are trained to stay calm, even in the roar (咆哮) of a big fire. 【答案】 1．are dressed 2．might 3．to break 4．more 5．that 6．limited 7．will depend 8．assessing 9．why 10．as 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章通过讲述消防员Sam Telfer的职业经历、训练过程以及他对消防工作的热爱和看法，展现了消防员这一职业的艰辛与荣耀。 2．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在听到铃声响起的60秒内，他们穿好衣服，冲向一栋着火的高楼。dress为本句谓语，和主语they之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述客观事实，用一般过去时。故填are dressed。 3．考查情态动词。句意：一个错误的决定可能意味着死亡。空后是动词原形，根据句意，此处表推测，所以空处应填情态动词表推测，根据前文的could可知，用一般过去时，所以might意为“可能”符合语境。故填might。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，他接受的训练是闯入充满烟雾和酷热的房间，并提出救援策略。设空处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to break。 5．考查副词。句意：“我更想经常站着，动手工作，学习新的实用技能，并且做一份每天都有变化的工作。”这句话对于描述一份需要你在扑灭火灾时保持冷静的职业来说，实在是太过轻描淡写了。空处修饰空前的动词，用副词修饰，根据句意，此处表达“更，更加”之意，用比较级。故填more。 6．考查定语从句。句意：“我更想经常站着，动手工作，学习新的实用技能，并且做一份每天都有变化的工作。”这句话对于描述一份需要你在扑灭火灾时保持冷静的职业来说，实在是太过轻描淡写了。空处引导定语从句，先行词是career，关系词在从句中做主语，用that引导。故填that。 7．考查形容词。句意：恐慌只会浪费他有限的空气供应。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，limit的形容词形式是limited。故填limited。 8．考查动词时态。句意：他的生存将不仅仅取决于身体健康。depend作本句谓语，描述将来的事，用一般将来时。故填will depend。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们练习快速评估火灾的变化情况。此处是固定搭配：practice doing sth.意为“练习做某事”。故填assessing。 10．考查表语从句。句意：“这就是我们热爱这份工作的原因，”特尔弗说。空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，用连接副词连接，根据句意，表达“这就是为什么”之意，用why引导。故填why。 11．考查状语从句。句意：危险可能就在他每天上班的路上等着他。空处引导时间状语从句，表达“当……时”之意，用as引导。故填as。 （2025·上海崇明·一模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Report: Harmful Waste Creation Set to Increase The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said in a report that public waste creation will greatly increase by 2050. The rise will cause hundreds of billions of dollars of damage through biodiversity loss, climate change, and deadly pollution, UNEP reports. UNEP’s Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 says worldwide waste creation would greatly increase 1 governments take urgent preventative measures. Damage 2 (cause) by the growing waste would account for about $443 billion of the total cost. The report, called Beyond an Age of Waste: Turning Rubbish into a Resource, 3 (release) during the U.N. Environment Assembly in Kenya early this week. The writers argue that humanity 4 (move) backwards over the past ten years. They say humans are creating more waste, more pollution, and more climate changing gases. Waste prevention measures and improved waste treatment could reduce those costs, the report said. But it notes, there are major barriers 5 such reforms. Negotiators are working toward an agreement 6 (deal) with the especially damaging and dangerous pollution from plastics. They are beginning a fourth round of talks in April. UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen said she is hopeful they will complete the agreement by the end of this year. Environmentalists and fossil fuel (化石燃料) producers continue to disagree about the terms of the agreement. They especially dispute 7 the deal should center on reducing plastics production or increasing recycling and reuse. “There is an interest, especially among the countries 8 are producing raw polymer (聚合物), but as I keep telling them, this is not an anti-plastic agreement,” Andersen told the reporters, 9 (note) there would still be a need for plastics in vehicles and medical equipment. Andersen said 10 she hopes is that no groups would work to block progress on the agreement, but instead “find a way forward that actually takes into account the fact that we are drowning in plastic.” 【答案】 1．unless 2．caused 3．was released 4．has moved/has been moving 5．to 6．to deal 7．whether 8．that/which 9．noting 10．what 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了联合国环境规划署（UNEP）关于全球废物产生量将大幅增加及其相关影响的预测，以及各方在应对这一问题上所做的努力和存在的分歧。 2．考查状语从句。句意：UNEP的《2024年全球废物管理展望》报告指出，除非各国政府采取紧急预防措施，否则全球废物产生量将大幅增加。空处为状语从句的引导词，意为“除非”，用“unless”引导。故填unless。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：由废物增长造成的损害将占总成本的约4430亿美元。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰“damage”和动词“cause”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填caused。 4．考查谓语动词。句意：本周早些时候在肯尼亚举行的联合国环境大会上发布了一份名为《超越废物时代：将垃圾转化为资源》的报告。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“early this week”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the report”，单数，和动词“release”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was released。 5．考查谓语动词。句意：报告的作者认为，过去十年来，人类一直在倒退。空处为从句谓语动词；根据时间状语“over the past ten years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时或现在完成进行时；主语为“humanity”，单数，谓语动词用has。故填has moved/has been moving。 6．考查介词。句意：但它也指出，这样的改革面临着重大障碍。空处为介词的用法，名词“barrier”后用介词“to”，意为“……的障碍”。故填to。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：谈判人员正在努力达成一项协议，以应对塑料造成的特别有害和危险的污染。空处为非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定时形式。故填to deal。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：他们尤其争论协议是否应以减少塑料生产为中心，还是应增加回收和再利用。空处为宾语从句的引导词；根据下文的“or”以及句意可知，宾语从句用“whether”引导，意为“是否”。故填whether。 9．考查定语从句。句意：“一些国家，尤其是生产原生聚合物的国家，对此很感兴趣，但我一直在告诉他们，这不是一项反塑料协议，”Andersen在告诉记者时指出，汽车和医疗设备中仍然需要塑料。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“the countries”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：“一些国家，尤其是生产原生聚合物的国家，对此很感兴趣，但我一直在告诉他们，这不是一项反塑料协议，”Andersen在告诉记者时指出，汽车和医疗设备中仍然需要塑料。空处为非谓语动词担当状语；主语“Andersen”和动词“note”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填noting。 11．考查主语从句。句意：Andersen表示，她希望没有任何团体阻碍协议取得进展，而是“找到一条向前发展的道路，这条道路实际上考虑到了我们正处于塑料泛滥之中的事实”。空处为主语从句的引导词；主语从句中缺少宾语，用what引导。故填what。 （24-25高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Frybread In one version of his 1996 song “Frybread”, rock artist Keith Secola sang: “You can’t do much with sugar, flour, lard and salt. But you can add one fundamental ingredient: love.” Since its creation in the 1800s, the subject of Secola’s song, frybread, 1 (become) a culturally significant comfort food within local communities across Canada and America. The taste, colour and size of these fried dough (生面团) discs differ across the continent, with each family and community adding their own touch. One online comment says, “Your mom’s or your aunt’s frybread 2 never be made by anyone else in the world.” 3 the variety, most versions have a few things in common. The basic ingredients are flour, baking powder or soda, and salt, 4 are mixed together into a dough ball using water, milk or buttermilk. After letting it rise, the ball 5 (divide) into pieces, rolled into discs and then fried until bubbly, golden and crispy. Even though widely loved, there is no denying that the treat is heavily loaded with calories — one piece of 500 calories and 20 grams of fat. Besides, it is also a painful symbol of survival. One origin story says the bread was first made by the Diné. In 1864, the Diné were forced to leave their traditional homeland in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico and walk the nearly 500-kilometre journey, 6 (know) as the Long Walk. Hundreds of them died of starvation along the way. 7 among the cheap ingredients, was given to them by the U.S. government as daily rations was wheat flour previously unknown to them. As the legend goes, the Diné fried the often spoiled flour to kill off parasites (寄生虫). Today, a food-valuing movement, 8 (aim) to bring back traditional diets, is booming. However, the diets don’t include frybread. “There is no oral tradition 9 (teach) about frybread,” wrote Devon A．Mihesuah, a historian as well as a professor at the University of Kansas. 10 the future holds for frybread, it will always stand as proof to the adaptability of those native communities. As an enduring food, frybread has demonstrated its lasting significance. （24-25高三上·上海宝山·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There may be no 1 (great) proof to a society’s creativity and vision than Egypt’s pyramids of Giza, but the pyramids are only part of ancient Egypt’s heritage. Many of the devices of their society are still commonplace. Here are two of their amazing inventions.Eye Makeup Sure, eye makeup might not rank alongside fire or the wheel 2 one of the most important discoveries in human history, but it gives the Egyptians a run for longevity. 3 they first invented eye makeup as far back as 4000 B．C．, it has never gone out of style. Even more impressive, some cosmetically-minded cultures still create makeup, using the same techniques 4 (originate) in Egypt thousands of years ago. They combined soot (煤烟) with a mineral 5 (create) a black mixture, which is still popular today. For the Egyptians, makeup was not limited to women. Status and appearance went hand in hand, and as far as the upper class 6 (concern), the more makeup, the better. Fashion was only part of the reason for the Egyptians’ heavy hand when applying eyeliner. They also believed that it could cure various eye diseases and even help them avoid 7 (fall) victim to the evil eye.Breath Mints Next time you buy Mentos at the counter of 7-Eleven, you 338 thank the ancient Egyptians for creating a way to conceal the unpleasant smell of our mouth. Just as in modern times, bad breath in ancient Egypt was a symbol of poor dental health. Unlike us, the Egyptians didn’t have sweet soft drinks and foods that contribute to tooth decay, but the stones 8 (use) to make flour for bread brought a lot of sand to their diet, which damaged their teeth. The Egyptians had specialists for many medical problems, but unfortunately, they didn’t have dentists to fix their bad teeth. Instead, they simply suffered, and scientists 9 have examined mummies have found severely worn teeth, even in young Egyptians. To cope with the unpleasant smell from their rotting mouths, they invented the first mints, which were a combination boiled with honey and shaped into pills. （24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）语法填空 Plastic bags are not costly to produce and strong and easy to carry. This is 1 they are a popular container. But they are also 2 major source of pollution. 3 can take hundreds of years of plastic bags to break down. Even tiny pieces can poison soil, lakes, rivers and oceans. Therefore, environmental experts urge people to reuse and recycle plastic bags. Maryland artist Allita Irby does just that. It starts with the morning newspaper. What is 4 (important) is getting that plastic bag the paper comes in. The mixed media artist recognized its rich possibilities about three year ago. “As I was taking the newspaper out, I felt the texture of these bags. They were soft. I just looked down and realized it 5 (take) three to make a braid (辫子).” Since then, Irby 6 (use) plastic bags to create abstract lines in her art works. Ms. Irby’s neighbors praised her ability 7 (turn) waste into treasure. Some, 8 Charlotte Hogan, asked the artist to teach them how to create art using the used plastic bags. “I think it is fascinating, and it is wonderful. I do plan to share it with my seniors at my church.” One of Irby’s neighbors Aleta Meyer expressed her surprise, “I have never given any more thought to what to do with a plastic bag. This is definitely different.” Shirley Watts also lives in the neighborhood. She plans to show others her art. “I want to make a masterpiece 9 I can put in a frame and put it up on my wall and then I know that I did it.” “Making art with found materials is not a new idea. Anyone can do it. 10 (recycle) paper, cloth and metal goods can become beautiful pictures and sculptures.” Allita Irby said, “I think we are all artists really, and there is beauty all around us.” The artist also said that all you had to do was to open your eyes and bring the outside in. （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Try New Fruit. The Weirder, the Better. As a kid, I often had nosebleeds. My parents blamed all the fruits I ate that gave me “excessive heat” — especially the lychees, my favorite. It didn’t stop me from wolfing them down 1 the dozen, however. After we settled in a suburb of Quebec City, lychees became harder to find, and thus an infrequent treat. 2 I’ve grown older, my obsession with exotic fruit has intensified — the weirder, the better. 3 natural or genetically modified, beautiful or misshapen, every new fruit expands my understanding of the world and enriches my experience within it. Just when I think I have encountered every natural smell, a fruit named lulo appears at my favorite store. Part pineapple juice and part rhubarb-flavored gummy, it’s a scent so rare that I’d rather believe it was picked from a food scientist’s imagination 4 accept that it just happens to grow in some people’s backyards. There’s a line in a Jack Gilbert poem that has inhabited a corner in my brain since I was a teenager. “What lasted is what the soul ate; the way a child knows the world is by putting it part by part into his mouth.” I think of the line 5 I prepare to eat a new fruit. Each tasting is a chance to be reunited with my inner child, to be left wide-eyed as I get to know it, part by part. For me, the experience is no less expansive than seeing the ocean for the first time. You catch yourself 6 (wonder) what else this world has been hiding and what beauty it’s capable of. 7 tasked with naming these fruits appear to be equally under a spell, producing simple yet charming names like ice cream bean and dragon fruit. Most fruits I try only a couple of times, but there’s one to 8 I keep returning: the soursop (刺果番荔枝). At ripeness, it tastes like a wonderful combination of banana, strawberry and papaya. 9 (wait) just one more day, though, and it starts to brown, emitting a smell that registers more like feet than fruit. This rapid decaying actually comforts me. An approaching expiration date is only encouragement 10 (taste) these joys as they come. We, too, will soon wake up and find our bodies softened and bruised. Will we have let our sweetest days go to waste? （24-25高三上·上海闵行·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. U. S. Scientist Join Hop field and British-CanadianGeoffrey Hintonwon the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics for discoveries and inventions hat laid the foundation for machine learning, the award-giving body said on Tuesday.     Hinton has been widely credited as a godfather of artificial intelligence and made headlines when he 1 (quit) his job at Google last year to be able to more easily speak about the dangers of the technology he had pioneered. “We have no experience 2 it will be like to have things smarter than us,” Hinton said to the Nobel press conference, “It’s going to be wonderful in many respects, in areas 3 healthcare,” Hinton said. “But we also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences. Particularly the threat of these things getting out of control.” Hop field, 91, a professor emeritus (名誉退休的) at Princeton University, created an associative memory 4 can store and reconstruct images and other types of patterns in data, the Royal Sweaisn-Academy of Sciences, which awards the prize, said. “This year’s two Nobel laureates in physics have used tools from physics 5 (develop) methods that are the properties of today’s powerful machine learning,” the academy said in a statement. “Machine learning 6 (base) on artificial neural networks is currently revolutionizing science, engineering and daily life,” The award comes with a prize sum of 11 million Swedish crowns ($1.1 million) which 7 (share) by the two winners. British-born Hinton, 76, invented a method that can autonomously find patterns in data and carry out tasks such as identifying specific elements in pictures, the academy added. Though he quit Google in 2023 after realizing computers could become smarter than people far sooner than he and other experts had expected, Hinton said the company 8 acted very responsibly. Hinton also said that he regretted some of his research, but 9 he acted on the information he had at the time. “In the same circumstances I would do the same again,” he told the Nobel press conference, “ 10 I am worried that the overall consequence of this might be systems more intelligent than us that eventually take control.” （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use an e word that best fits each blank. Are you afraid of getting old? 1 we get past the age of 25, many of us immediately feel the urge to stop the signs of ageing — especially the visible ones. Men and women are now using topical “anti-ageing” creams, spa treatments and medical procedures 2 (fight) many of them. 3 these methods can somewhat affect the way you look, ageing is an internal process. A new study has found exactly when during your lifetime this process peaks. A group of scientists based out of the Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered that 4 being a smooth, continuous process, ageing surges forward at three distinct stages of life: first. at the age of 34, then at age 60, and finally at 78. The study, recently published in Nature Medicine, 5 (reveal) that scientists can not only predict your age by studying the proteome (protein levels in the blood) but also determine which organs are ageing faster than the others, and which age-related diseases your body is 6 (likely) to develop. The study measured plasma proteins (血浆蛋白) collected from 4,263 adults between the ages of 18-95 years and studied the changes in the proteome that occurred with age. Their ultimate goal was to understand how to identify the changes associated with cardiovascular issues and age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s 7 merapeutic treatments can be devised to oppose their attack while there’s still time. Dr Tony Wyss-Coray, one of the leading members of the study. told Stanford Medicine News Center, “We’ve known for a long time that 8 (measure) certain proteins can give you information about a person’s health status — lipoproteins (脂蛋白) for cardiovascular health, for example. But it hasn’t been appreciated that so many different proteins’ levels — roughly a third of all the ones we looked at —change markedly with advancing age.” This difference between the chronological and physiological age, according to the scientists’ “plasma-protein clock”, showed that a lot of people in the study seemed younger than they actually were. What’s more, the study also confirmed that men and women, though equally 9 (represent) in the study; aged differently. Does this mean medications and lifestyle methods, with further research, can also be devised to help 10 ages too rapidly and is at risk of contracting age-related diseases like hypertension and Alzheimer’s? You never know. （24-25高三上·上海奉贤·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Giving the Suona a Modern Twist The Suona has long been associated with rural events such as weddings and funerals. In recent years, however, this traditional Chinese instrument 1 (see) a renewal of its image — thanks to the efforts of a brilliant musician, Liu Wenwen. Liu 2 (introduce) to the suona at age nine by her parents. 3 (follow) more than a decade of diligent practice, she entered the Shanghai Conservatory of Music in 2008. Liu’s study there inspired her creativity in suona music. 4 several friends, she formed an ensemble (乐团) featuring the suona and three other instruments, namely the erhu, bamboo flute and pipa. They teamed up with jazz bands, composed original music, and performed at international lawn music festivals. In China, these instruments are usually performed in a solemn manner. To Liu’s surprise, foreign audiences danced to the melodies of the folk music. 5 encouraged her to innovate further in suona music. In the following years, she frequently performed in European countries. 6 appreciating and incorporating elements of modern Western music styles, she focused on seeking ways to better promote the lesser-known suona. In 2015, Liu worked together with the renowned composer Tan Dun to create a new version of Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to the Phoenix, 7 classic suona piece. Two years later, they performed it on the stage of the Sydney Opera House. Liu’s 40-second performance “in one breath,” 8 (accompany) by a Western symphony orchestra, rocked the house. After that, Liu went on more than 30 tours, introducing the suona to more foreign audiences. The videos of her performances have also gained millions of views online. Inspired by these experiences, Liu made a bold move 9 (incorporate) different music genres into her regular playlist. Her recitals now feature elements of jazz’s lyrical romance, rock and roll’s explosive freedom and electronic music’s rhythmic beats. 10 Liu Wenwen has given the suona is a modern twist and she also helped it gain global recognition. In the future, she aims to conduct more world tours, demonstrating the charm of this traditional Chinese instrument to an even wider audience. （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. RVing (房车旅行) has long been popular among’ retirees, with this demographic (群体) comprising 1 third of owners, according to the RV Industry Association. Yet only a tiny fraction of all RV owners, retirees included, 2 (embrace) the nomadic life. But thanks to technological advances and the increase of online community groups 3 (offer) inspiration and advice, this lifestyle is attracting more people. Thanks to satellite internet and solar power systems, travelers now have 4 (reliable) connectivity and electric charging even when off the grid. Advanced, navigation tools let them cruise along scenic routes 5 avoiding low bridges or sharp turns. And with a few taps on an app, RVers can find restaurants, banks, gas stations, grocery stores and overnight parking options. Online retailers like Amazon enable these travelers to order 6 from shampoo to warmer clothes and have it delivered directly to their RV. “If we’re going to be someplace for a week, we can usually rely on getting a delivery 7 we are,” says Steve Parish. Yet, not everything about RV life is extremely pleasant. It also brings its share of complications and costs. Of course, some challenges go well 8 money. There’s no local barber, dentist, doctor, electrician, plumber or mechanic to rely on. These explorers need to be able to make basic RV repairs, keep track of water and manage the sewer tank (汗水箱). Full-timers must also plan for voting, paying taxes and receiving mail. Some businesses and support groups provide RVers with a physical street address they 9 use, such as one linked to a physical building with mail facilities. Often, the addresses are in states without income tax, such as Texas, Florida, and South Dakota. Rules vary by state, 10 full-timers can typically vote in person if they’re in their domicile (所在地) or vote absentee or by mail. （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the sentences or passages below, fill in the blanks to make the sentences or passages coherent and grammatically correct. World’s oldest cheese found on 3500-year-old Chinese mummies A mysterious white substance found on Bronze Age mummies in China has proven to be the world’s oldest cheese. The cheese was first found about two decades ago, 1 (spread) on the heads and necks of mummies found in the Xiaohe cemetery in Xinjiang province, which date from around 3500 years ago. It has been long suspected that this white substance 2 have had a certain dairy origin, but only now have molecular tools become powerful enough to confirm their make-up. 3 (base) on the presence of yeast (酵母), lactic acid bacteria and proteins from ruminant milk in the samples, Qiaomei Fu at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing and her colleagues have identified the substance as a kind of kefir cheese. Kefir is a traditional drink made by fermenting milk 4 (use) kefir grains, which are pellets of microbial cultures, like a sourdough starter. Fu says the substance was no longer immediately recognisable as kefir cheese. “ 5 their age, these pale-yellow cheese samples smelled of nothing and were powdery to touch and a little crumbly,” she says. 6 there has been archaeological evidence from pottery of cheese-making technology from as long as 7000 years ago, no one has ever discovered such ancient cheese. The team found goat and cow DNA in the samples of the oldest cheese, but it appears that the milk from 7 of these animals was kept separate-unlike the mixed cheeses in many Greek and Middle Eastern cheese-making traditions. This may have been because goat milk is lower in lactose (乳糖) and so 8 (likely) to cause stomach problems when consumed. Fu and her colleagues also recovered the DNA of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens bacteria from these dairy samples, 9 they compared with the genomes of modern strains used to make kefir. The modern strains 10 (evolve) in line with the preferences of cheese consumers, says Fu. For example, the DNA analysis suggests the new strains have been selected to cause less of an immune response in the human intestine. 重难语篇拔高练 （2025高三·上海·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. Alibaba shopping apps connect with WeChat Pay Alibaba’s mobile retail shopping applications Taobao and Tmall have officially connected with WeChat Pay under Tencent, 1 highlight of the interconnectivity between China’s two tech giants. Customers can pay for their merchandise using WeChat pay as well as UnionPay, China Mobile’s mobile wallet besides the existing Alipay tool, using the latest version of the Taobao smartphone application 2 extra charge or service fee. The topic had been viewed about 5 million times on Friday morning on the Twitter-like social networking site Weibo. One Weibo user with the nickname Cheng Huan wrote that 3 Alipay is more established and convenient among online shoppers, it’s a big step forward for those who want to use WeChat for daily payment. Alipay has been the sole payment provider on Taobao and Tmall for more than a decade, and by now enabling WeChat Pay, they 4 better reach those who prefer to use WeChat for its ease of use, especially in lower tier cities. 5 (test) the function in small batches and collected responses about integrating WeChat Pay as an additional payment method for several weeks, Alibaba makes it available now for all merchants and shoppers on Taobao and Tmall. Both Taobao Tmall Group and Tencent said they were actively exploring interoperability and partnerships with industry peers, suggesting further collaboration in other areas between the two digital giants. Industry watchers regard this as a landmark cooperation deal between China’s tech giants 6 , apart from enhancing consumers’ shopping experience, would also provide more possibilities for bolstering the innovation of payment technology. The total number of Internet users in China 7 (reach) nearly 1.1 billion by the end of the first half this year, an increase of 7.42 million from December 2023, with a penetration rate of 78 percent, according to the latest report by the China Internet Network Information Center. 8 (drive) mostly by new adoption among teenagers and the elderly, the increase meant that nearly four in every five people in the country now are connected to the Internet. 9 (Integrate) services, several leading digital and payment service providers have been taking preliminary measures in recent years after The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology put forward the demand 10 tech companies tear down their so-called walled gardens which block competitors’ products with an aim to maintain market order and to encourage the industry’s future development. （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. An excerpt from A Walk in the Woods Now here’s a thing to consider. Every twenty minutes on the Appalachian Trail, Katz and I walked 461 (far) than the average American walks in a week. For 93 percent of all trips outside the home, Americans now get in a car. On average the total walking of an American these days 462 (add) up to 1.4 miles a week, barely 350 yards a day. That’s ridiculous. When my family and I moved to the States, one of the things we wanted was to live in a traditional small town — the sort of place 463 Jımmy Stewart would be the mayor, the Hardy Boys would deliver your groceries, and Deanna Durbin would sing at an open window. Perfect little towns are not easy 464 (find), of course, but Hanover, where we settled, comes close. It is a small typical New England college town, pleasant and calm, full of old trees. It has a broad green, an old-fashioned Main Street, a handsome campus and leafy residential streets. Nearly everyone in town is 465 an easy walk of the post office, library, and stores. But things are different here: hardly 466 , as far as I can tell, walks anywhere for anything. I know a man who drives 600 yards to work. I know a woman who gets in her car to go a quarter of a mile to a college gymnasium to walk on a treadmill (跑步机), and then complains passionately about the difficulty she has 467 (spot) a parking space. When I asked her once 468 she didn’t walk to the gym and do five minutes less on the treadmill, she looked at me as if I were being deliberately provocative (挑衅的). “Because I have a program for the treadmill,” she explained. “It records my distance and speed, and I 469 adjust it for degree of difficulty.” It hadn’t occurred to me how thoughtlessly deficient nature is in this regard. At least in Hanover she could walk if she wanted to. In many places in America now, it is not actually possible to be a pedestrian, 470 you want to be. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 语法填空15篇(上海市高考模拟) 基础语篇巩固练 （2025·上海徐汇·一模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Pioneers in artificial intelligence win the Nobel Prize in physics The 2024 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. They are known for their fundamental discoveries in machine learning, 1 paved the way for how artificial intelligence is used today. Machine learning differs from traditional software. The software receives data, which is processed according to a clear description, and 2 (produce) the results. In machine learning, the computer learns by example, enabling it to tackle problems that are too complicated 3 (manage) by step-by-step instructions. Hinton and Hopfield 4 (credit) with using tools from physics to advance basic research in the field. In 1982, Hopfield developed a model of neural (神经的) networks, today known as the Hopfield network, to describe how the brain recalls memories when 5 (feed) partial information, similar to the method your brain uses to remember a word on the tip of your tongue. Geoff Hinton and colleagues further developed the Hopfield network. To do that, Hinton used statistical physics, based on an equation invented by the nineteenth century physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, creating a “Boltzmann machine.” It can learn— not from instructions, but from 6 (give) examples. A trained Boltzmann machine can recognize familiar traits (特质) in information it has not previously seen. Imagine meeting a friend’s brother or sister, and you can immediately see that they 7 be related. In a similar way, the Boltzmann machine can recognize an entirely new example 8 it belongs to a category found in the training material. Hinton has also urged caution around the technology. Hinton quit his job as a vice president last year at a tech giant. He said he left because he wanted to be able to share his concerns about the risks of artificial intelligence without worrying 9 it would mean for his employer. “One of the ways in which these systems might escape control is by writing their own computer code to modify 10 ,” Hinton said in a 2023 interview. “That’s something we need to seriously worry about.” 【答案】 1．which 2．produces 3．to manage/ to be managed 4．are credited/were credited 5．fed 6．being given/ given 7．must 8．if/when 9．what 10．themselves 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖得主因机器学习领域贡献获奖，并讨论了AI风险。 2．考查定语从句。句意：他们因在机器学习领域的根本性发现而闻名，这为今天人工智能的使用奠定了基础。根据空前are和空后paved可知，空处为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为their fundamental discoveries，指物，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：软件接收数据，根据明确的描述进行处理，并产生结果。根据空前and可知，空处为谓语动词，和receive并列，表示一般事实，需用一般现在时，主语为The software，谓语需用第三人称单数形式。故填produces。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：在机器学习中，计算机通过示例学习，使其能够解决通过逐步指令无法管理的过于复杂的问题。根据空前are too complicated可知，空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，固定搭配be complicated to do sth.“做某事是复杂的”，可填to manage,也可以构成固定搭配too…to…意为“太……而不能……”，修饰problems，problems和manage之间为被动关系，需用to be managed。故填to manage/to be managed。 5．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：Hinton和Hopfield因使用物理学工具推动该领域的基础研究而受到赞誉。根据空前主语Hinton and Hopfield可知，空处需用谓语动词作谓语，既可指陈述现在事实，需用一般现在时，也可指陈述过去事实，需用一般过去时，主语为Hinton and Hopfield，为复数形式，谓语需用复数形式，和主语之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。故填are credited/were credited。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：1982年，Hopfield开发了一种神经网络模型，今天被称为Hopfield网络，用于描述当大脑接收到部分信息时如何回忆记忆，这与你的大脑记住舌尖上的单词的方法相似。根据空前when可知，此句为when引导时间状语从句的省略句，空处需用非谓语动词作状语，when引导的从句中主语为the brain，和feed之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式。故填fed。 7．考查形容词或动名词。句意：它可以学习——不是从指令中学习，而是从给出的例子中学习。根据空前from和空后examples可知，空处需用形容词作名词examples的定语，需用given，意为“特定的”。也可看成动名词，作介词from的宾语，与examples为被动关系，应用被动语态，需用being given。故填being given/given。 8．考查情态动词。句意：想象一下，当你遇到朋友的兄弟姐妹时，你肯定可以立刻看出他们有亲戚关系。根据空前they和空后be可知，空处需用情态动词must表示“肯定”。故填must。 9．考查状语从句。句意：同样地，Boltzmann机器可以识别一个全新的例子，如果它属于训练材料中找到的一个类别。根据空前can和空后belongs可知，空处需用从属连词引导状语从句，根据句意可知，空处需用从属连词if/when表示“如果/当……时”。故填if/when。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：他说他离职是因为他想能够分享他对人工智能风险的担忧，而不必担心这会对他的雇主意味着什么。根据空前worrying和空后would可知，空处引导宾语从句，作worrying的宾语，从句中缺少 mean的宾语，指物，需用连接词what。故填what。 【点睛】考查代词。句意：Hinton在2023年的一次采访中说：“这些系统可能失控的方式之一是通过编写自己的计算机代码来修改自己。”根据空前modify可知，空处需用代词作modify的宾语，指代前面提到的computer code，需用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 （24-25高三上·上海杨浦·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Silent Book Club Two dozen people gathered in a cozy café-bookstore in Minnesota, chatting and laughing with those seated beside them. After ten minutes, the room 1 (fall) quiet. Then people opened their books and began to read. 2 most book clubs, the Silent Book Club’s Minneapolis chapter doesn’t require members to read a specific book. The setup is simple: Bring whatever book you happen 3 (read) currently. Quietly read that book for 45 minutes. Then share a bit about the book with others. The clubs attract introverts, bookworms and rebels who resist the idea of spending precious reading time on a book 4 else selected for them. “I hated assigned reading in school,” said Kortney Webster, 5 member of this club since it started in 2019, shaking her head. “Whenever I see the books 6 (recommend) on the reading list, I can’t help but turn away from them.” Across the table from her was Matt Streit, who launched the Minneapolis chapter of 7 has become a global phenomenon. Streit had heard a radio story about the founder of the first silent book club, with 8 contact was immediately established. Inspired by the founder’s vision, Streit decided to initiate his own chapter of the club. Fortunately, his club, though 9 (found) only a year ago, has now over 100 regulars. It has grown organically, attracting media attention and generating buzz on social media without any paid advertising. As Streit has emphasized, the club is for everyone and now it is organized regularly 10 those who are shy can seek a balance of privacy and socialization. 【答案】 1．fell 2．Unlike 3．to be reading 4．someone 5．a 6．recommended 7．what 8．whom 9．founded 10．so that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无声读书俱乐部，包括其活动形式、吸引的人群、创立过程以及意义等。 2．考查动词时态。句意：十分钟后，房间安静了下来。根据前后句可知，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填fell。 3．考查介词。句意：与大多数读书俱乐部不同，无声读书俱乐部的明尼阿波利斯分会不要求会员读某一本书。根据句意可知，此处应用介词表示“与……不同”，介词unlike符合语境，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Unlike。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：设置很简单：带上你正在读的任何一本书。happen to do sth为固定搭配，意为“碰巧做某事”，根据句意，描述的是最近正在读的书，不定式的进行时。故填to be reading。 5．考查代词。句意：这些俱乐部吸引了内向者、书虫和那些反对把宝贵的阅读时间花在别人为他们挑选的书上的叛逆者。本句是省略which或者that的定语从句，从句缺少主语，应填名词或者代词作主语，根据句意，应是someone else意为“别的人”符合语境。故填someone。 6．考查冠词。句意：“我讨厌学校布置的阅读，”科特尼·韦伯斯特摇着头说，她自2019年成立以来一直是这个俱乐部的成员。此处是固定搭配：a member of意为“……的一员”。故填a。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：“每当我看到阅读清单上推荐的书时，我都不由自主地避开了它们。”坐在她对面的是马特·斯特雷特，他创立了已经成为全球现象的明尼阿波利斯分会。本句已有谓语动词see，所以recommend用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语books之间是被动关系，用过去分词，表被动。故填recommended。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：“每当我看到阅读清单上推荐的书时，我都不由自主地避开了它们。”坐在她对面的是马特·斯特雷特，他创立了已经成为全球现象的明尼阿波利斯分会。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物，用连接代词what引导。故填what。 9．考查定语从句。句意：斯特雷特在广播中听到了第一个默读俱乐部创始人的故事，并立即与他建立了联系。空处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是the founder，在从句中作介词宾语，指人，用宾格whom引导。故填whom。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，他的俱乐部虽然成立才一年，但现在已经有100多名常客了。本句是though引导的让步状语从句，此处是省略句，完整句子为though his club was founded only a year ago，当从句主语和主句主语相同，且有be动词时，从句主语和be动词可省略。故填founded。 11．考查状语从句。句意：正如斯特雷特所强调的，这个俱乐部是为每个人服务的，现在它定期组织活动，以便那些害羞的人可以在隐私和社交之间找到平衡。空处引导状语从句，根据句意，应是so that意为“以便”引导结果状语从句。故填so that。 （2025·上海宝山·一模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In the heart of the city where towering buildings go up into the sky, firefighters spring into action. Within 60 seconds of hearing a bell ring, they 21 (dress) and rushing toward the chaos of a high-rise on fire. They have to head inside, knowing that floors could collapse under them and ceilings could fall on their heads. One wrong decision 22 mean death. Who would sign up for a job like that? Ask firefighter Sam Telfer. He used to sit in a high-rise office of a software company in San Diego, California. Now he is trained 23 (break) into rooms full of blinding smoke and terrible heat and come up with a rescue strategy. “I wanted to be on my feet 24 (much), working with my hands, learning new and practical skills and having a job that varied day by day.” That’s quite an understatement to describe a career 25 requires you to keep a cool head while attacking a fire. But Telfer says that flames and nerves can be conquered in the same way: continuous physical and mental training. Telfer was a runner in college, but nowadays he builds up his lung capacity for life-threatening conditions instead of races. He might climb hundreds of steps, wearing 34 kilograms of gear (装备), including oxygen tanks. He may carry unconscious victims to safety. No matter what he does, he must control his breathing. Panic will only waste his 26 (limit) air supply. His survival 27 (depend) on more than physical fitness. Firefighters must have extensive mental preparation. Between disasters, they study a wide range of subjects such as emergency medicine, structural design and chemical reactions. They practice quickly 28 (assess) the changing conditions of a fire. “It is 29 we love the job,” Telfer says. “We are constantly learning.” Going from being a software specialist to a first responder was quite a shift for Telfer. Never could he have imagined the challenges he would face. But he says, “Not once have I ever felt that it was not the right job for me.” Danger might be waiting 30 he heads to work each day. But his body and mind are trained to stay calm, even in the roar (咆哮) of a big fire. 【答案】 1．are dressed 2．might 3．to break 4．more 5．that 6．limited 7．will depend 8．assessing 9．why 10．as 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章通过讲述消防员Sam Telfer的职业经历、训练过程以及他对消防工作的热爱和看法，展现了消防员这一职业的艰辛与荣耀。 2．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在听到铃声响起的60秒内，他们穿好衣服，冲向一栋着火的高楼。dress为本句谓语，和主语they之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述客观事实，用一般过去时。故填are dressed。 3．考查情态动词。句意：一个错误的决定可能意味着死亡。空后是动词原形，根据句意，此处表推测，所以空处应填情态动词表推测，根据前文的could可知，用一般过去时，所以might意为“可能”符合语境。故填might。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，他接受的训练是闯入充满烟雾和酷热的房间，并提出救援策略。设空处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to break。 5．考查副词。句意：“我更想经常站着，动手工作，学习新的实用技能，并且做一份每天都有变化的工作。”这句话对于描述一份需要你在扑灭火灾时保持冷静的职业来说，实在是太过轻描淡写了。空处修饰空前的动词，用副词修饰，根据句意，此处表达“更，更加”之意，用比较级。故填more。 6．考查定语从句。句意：“我更想经常站着，动手工作，学习新的实用技能，并且做一份每天都有变化的工作。”这句话对于描述一份需要你在扑灭火灾时保持冷静的职业来说，实在是太过轻描淡写了。空处引导定语从句，先行词是career，关系词在从句中做主语，用that引导。故填that。 7．考查形容词。句意：恐慌只会浪费他有限的空气供应。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，limit的形容词形式是limited。故填limited。 8．考查动词时态。句意：他的生存将不仅仅取决于身体健康。depend作本句谓语，描述将来的事，用一般将来时。故填will depend。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们练习快速评估火灾的变化情况。此处是固定搭配：practice doing sth.意为“练习做某事”。故填assessing。 10．考查表语从句。句意：“这就是我们热爱这份工作的原因，”特尔弗说。空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，用连接副词连接，根据句意，表达“这就是为什么”之意，用why引导。故填why。 11．考查状语从句。句意：危险可能就在他每天上班的路上等着他。空处引导时间状语从句，表达“当……时”之意，用as引导。故填as。 （2025·上海崇明·一模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Report: Harmful Waste Creation Set to Increase The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said in a report that public waste creation will greatly increase by 2050. The rise will cause hundreds of billions of dollars of damage through biodiversity loss, climate change, and deadly pollution, UNEP reports. UNEP’s Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 says worldwide waste creation would greatly increase 1 governments take urgent preventative measures. Damage 2 (cause) by the growing waste would account for about $443 billion of the total cost. The report, called Beyond an Age of Waste: Turning Rubbish into a Resource, 3 (release) during the U.N. Environment Assembly in Kenya early this week. The writers argue that humanity 4 (move) backwards over the past ten years. They say humans are creating more waste, more pollution, and more climate changing gases. Waste prevention measures and improved waste treatment could reduce those costs, the report said. But it notes, there are major barriers 5 such reforms. Negotiators are working toward an agreement 6 (deal) with the especially damaging and dangerous pollution from plastics. They are beginning a fourth round of talks in April. UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen said she is hopeful they will complete the agreement by the end of this year. Environmentalists and fossil fuel (化石燃料) producers continue to disagree about the terms of the agreement. They especially dispute 7 the deal should center on reducing plastics production or increasing recycling and reuse. “There is an interest, especially among the countries 8 are producing raw polymer (聚合物), but as I keep telling them, this is not an anti-plastic agreement,” Andersen told the reporters, 9 (note) there would still be a need for plastics in vehicles and medical equipment. Andersen said 10 she hopes is that no groups would work to block progress on the agreement, but instead “find a way forward that actually takes into account the fact that we are drowning in plastic.” 【答案】 1．unless 2．caused 3．was released 4．has moved/has been moving 5．to 6．to deal 7．whether 8．that/which 9．noting 10．what 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了联合国环境规划署（UNEP）关于全球废物产生量将大幅增加及其相关影响的预测，以及各方在应对这一问题上所做的努力和存在的分歧。 2．考查状语从句。句意：UNEP的《2024年全球废物管理展望》报告指出，除非各国政府采取紧急预防措施，否则全球废物产生量将大幅增加。空处为状语从句的引导词，意为“除非”，用“unless”引导。故填unless。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：由废物增长造成的损害将占总成本的约4430亿美元。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰“damage”和动词“cause”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填caused。 4．考查谓语动词。句意：本周早些时候在肯尼亚举行的联合国环境大会上发布了一份名为《超越废物时代：将垃圾转化为资源》的报告。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“early this week”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the report”，单数，和动词“release”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was released。 5．考查谓语动词。句意：报告的作者认为，过去十年来，人类一直在倒退。空处为从句谓语动词；根据时间状语“over the past ten years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时或现在完成进行时；主语为“humanity”，单数，谓语动词用has。故填has moved/has been moving。 6．考查介词。句意：但它也指出，这样的改革面临着重大障碍。空处为介词的用法，名词“barrier”后用介词“to”，意为“……的障碍”。故填to。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：谈判人员正在努力达成一项协议，以应对塑料造成的特别有害和危险的污染。空处为非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定时形式。故填to deal。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：他们尤其争论协议是否应以减少塑料生产为中心，还是应增加回收和再利用。空处为宾语从句的引导词；根据下文的“or”以及句意可知，宾语从句用“whether”引导，意为“是否”。故填whether。 9．考查定语从句。句意：“一些国家，尤其是生产原生聚合物的国家，对此很感兴趣，但我一直在告诉他们，这不是一项反塑料协议，”Andersen在告诉记者时指出，汽车和医疗设备中仍然需要塑料。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“the countries”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：“一些国家，尤其是生产原生聚合物的国家，对此很感兴趣，但我一直在告诉他们，这不是一项反塑料协议，”Andersen在告诉记者时指出，汽车和医疗设备中仍然需要塑料。空处为非谓语动词担当状语；主语“Andersen”和动词“note”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填noting。 11．考查主语从句。句意：Andersen表示，她希望没有任何团体阻碍协议取得进展，而是“找到一条向前发展的道路，这条道路实际上考虑到了我们正处于塑料泛滥之中的事实”。空处为主语从句的引导词；主语从句中缺少宾语，用what引导。故填what。 （24-25高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Frybread In one version of his 1996 song “Frybread”, rock artist Keith Secola sang: “You can’t do much with sugar, flour, lard and salt. But you can add one fundamental ingredient: love.” Since its creation in the 1800s, the subject of Secola’s song, frybread, 1 (become) a culturally significant comfort food within local communities across Canada and America. The taste, colour and size of these fried dough (生面团) discs differ across the continent, with each family and community adding their own touch. One online comment says, “Your mom’s or your aunt’s frybread 2 never be made by anyone else in the world.” 3 the variety, most versions have a few things in common. The basic ingredients are flour, baking powder or soda, and salt, 4 are mixed together into a dough ball using water, milk or buttermilk. After letting it rise, the ball 5 (divide) into pieces, rolled into discs and then fried until bubbly, golden and crispy. Even though widely loved, there is no denying that the treat is heavily loaded with calories — one piece of 500 calories and 20 grams of fat. Besides, it is also a painful symbol of survival. One origin story says the bread was first made by the Diné. In 1864, the Diné were forced to leave their traditional homeland in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico and walk the nearly 500-kilometre journey, 6 (know) as the Long Walk. Hundreds of them died of starvation along the way. 7 among the cheap ingredients, was given to them by the U.S. government as daily rations was wheat flour previously unknown to them. As the legend goes, the Diné fried the often spoiled flour to kill off parasites (寄生虫). Today, a food-valuing movement, 8 (aim) to bring back traditional diets, is booming. However, the diets don’t include frybread. “There is no oral tradition 9 (teach) about frybread,” wrote Devon A．Mihesuah, a historian as well as a professor at the University of Kansas. 10 the future holds for frybread, it will always stand as proof to the adaptability of those native communities. As an enduring food, frybread has demonstrated its lasting significance. 【答案】 1．has become 2．can 3．Despite 4．which 5．is divided 6．known 7．What 8．aiming 9．to be taught 10．No matter what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了油炸面包在美国和加拿大的文化意义，它不仅是社区的安慰食物，还承载了纳瓦霍族人在艰难历史中的生存故事，尽管其营养价值不高，但作为一种文化象征，它展示了土著社区的适应能力。 1．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自19世纪诞生以来，Secola这首歌的主题“油炸面包”已经成为加拿大和美国当地社区具有重要文化意义的安慰食物。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“Since its creation in the 1800s”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，且主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has become。 2．考查情态动词。句意：一条网上评论说：“你妈妈或你阿姨做的油炸面包永远不可能是世界上其他人做的。”空处和be made构成谓语，应用情态动词，结合“never be made by anyone else in the world”可知，此处指“不可能是世界上其他人做的”，应用表示可能性的情态动词can。故填can。 3．考查介词。句意：尽管种类繁多，但大多数版本都有一些共同点。空后为名词the variety，结合“most versions have a few things in common”可知，此处含让步关系，空处应用意为“尽管”的介词despite，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Despite。 4．考查定语从句。句意：最基本的配料是面粉、发酵粉或苏打粉和盐，用水、牛奶或酪乳混合成一个面团球。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对前面提到的各种配料作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 5．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：发面后，球被分成几块，卷成圆片，然后炸至起泡、金黄、酥脆。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述通常的做法，时态应用一般现在时，divide“（使）分开”和主语the ball之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is divided。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在1864年，纳瓦霍族人被迫离开他们传统的家乡亚利桑那州东部和新墨西哥州西部，走了近500公里的旅程，被称为“漫长的步行”。句子主干成分完整，空处作journey的非限制性后置定语，know“把……看作是，将……称为”和journey逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此用know的过去分词形式。故填known。 7．考查主语从句。句意：在美国政府提供给他们的廉价食材中，有一种是他们以前不知道的小麦粉。空处引导名词性从句作主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合“wheat flour”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，一场旨在恢复传统饮食的重视食物的运动正在蓬勃发展。句子主干成分完整，空处作movement的非限制性后置定语，aim“旨在”和movement逻辑上是主动关系，且动作在进行中，因此用aim的现在分词形式。故填aiming。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：“没有关于油炸面包的口述传统可以传授，”历史学家、堪萨斯大学教授Devon A. Mihesuah写道。空处作tradition的后置定语，teach“教授”和tradition逻辑上是被动关系，且动作未发生，因此用teach的不定式被动语态。故填to be taught。 10．考查让步状语从句。句意：不管油炸面包的未来如何，它将永远是这些土著社区适应能力的证明。逗号的前后句之间是让步关系，空处引导让步状语从句，holds缺少宾语，宾语指物，不含选择范围，因此no matter what来引导，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填No matter what。 （24-25高三上·上海宝山·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There may be no 1 (great) proof to a society’s creativity and vision than Egypt’s pyramids of Giza, but the pyramids are only part of ancient Egypt’s heritage. Many of the devices of their society are still commonplace. Here are two of their amazing inventions.Eye Makeup Sure, eye makeup might not rank alongside fire or the wheel 2 one of the most important discoveries in human history, but it gives the Egyptians a run for longevity. 3 they first invented eye makeup as far back as 4000 B．C．, it has never gone out of style. Even more impressive, some cosmetically-minded cultures still create makeup, using the same techniques 4 (originate) in Egypt thousands of years ago. They combined soot (煤烟) with a mineral 5 (create) a black mixture, which is still popular today. For the Egyptians, makeup was not limited to women. Status and appearance went hand in hand, and as far as the upper class 6 (concern), the more makeup, the better. Fashion was only part of the reason for the Egyptians’ heavy hand when applying eyeliner. They also believed that it could cure various eye diseases and even help them avoid 7 (fall) victim to the evil eye.Breath Mints Next time you buy Mentos at the counter of 7-Eleven, you 338 thank the ancient Egyptians for creating a way to conceal the unpleasant smell of our mouth. Just as in modern times, bad breath in ancient Egypt was a symbol of poor dental health. Unlike us, the Egyptians didn’t have sweet soft drinks and foods that contribute to tooth decay, but the stones 8 (use) to make flour for bread brought a lot of sand to their diet, which damaged their teeth. The Egyptians had specialists for many medical problems, but unfortunately, they didn’t have dentists to fix their bad teeth. Instead, they simply suffered, and scientists 9 have examined mummies have found severely worn teeth, even in young Egyptians. To cope with the unpleasant smell from their rotting mouths, they invented the first mints, which were a combination boiled with honey and shaped into pills. 【答案】 1．greater 2．as 3．Since 4．originating 5．to create 6．was concerned 7．falling 8．should 9．used 10．who 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过介绍古埃及的眼妆和薄荷糖这两项发明，展示了古埃及人在美容和口腔卫生方面的独特智慧和创造力，同时也反映了他们所处的社会背景和文化环境。 1．考查比较级。句意：也许没有比埃及吉萨金字塔更能证明一个社会的创造力和远见了，但金字塔只是古埃及遗产的一部分。根据语境可知，句子表示“也许没有比埃及吉萨金字塔更能证明一个社会的创造力和远见了，但金字塔只是古埃及遗产的一部分”，空格处用比较级greater，比较级和否定词no连用表示最高级。故填greater。 2．考查介词。句意：当然，眼妆可能不能与火或轮子相提并论，成为人类历史上最重要的发现之一，但它给了埃及人长寿的机会。rank as意为“列为……”，因此空格处用介词as。故填as。 3．考查状语从句。句意：自公元前4000年眼妆首次被发明以来，它就从未过时。此处应为连词引导的状语从句，从句为一般固趋势，主句it has never gone是现在完成时，因此句子表示“自公元前4000年眼妆首次被发明以来，它就从未过时”，空格处是“自从”，用since，引导时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Since。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：更令人印象深刻的是，一些注重化妆的文化仍然使用几千年前起源于埃及的相同技术来制作化妆品。句中谓语是still create，空格处用非谓语动词，techniques和originate之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词作定语修饰名词techniques。故填originating。 5．考查不定式。句意：他们把煤烟和一种矿物混合在一起，制成了一种黑色的混合物，这种混合物至今仍很流行。根据语境可知，句子表示“他们把煤烟和一种矿物混合在一起，制成了一种黑色的混合物，这种混合物至今仍很流行”，空格处用不定式表目的。故填to create。 6．考查谓语动词。句意：地位和外表是密切相关的，就上流社会而言，化妆越浓越好。as far as sb. be concerned是固定短语，意为“就……而言”，由went可知，句子时态用一般过去时，主语the upper class是单数，因此空格处是was concerned。故填was concerned。 7．考查动名词。句意：他们还相信它可以治愈各种眼疾，甚至可以帮助他们避免成为邪恶之眼的受害者。根据avoid doing是固定短语，意为“避免做某事”可知，此空格处用动名词作宾语。故填falling。 8．考查情态动词。句意：下次你在7- 11便利店的柜台买Mentos时，你应该感谢古埃及人发明了一种方法来掩盖我们嘴里的难闻气味。thank是原形，说明空格处用情态动词，根据语境可知，句子表示“下次你在7- 11便利店的柜台买Mentos时，你应该感谢古埃及人发明了一种方法来掩盖我们嘴里的难闻气味”，空格处意为“应该”，用should。故填should。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：与我们不同，埃及人没有甜味的软饮料和会导致蛀牙的食物，但是他们用来磨面粉做面包的石磨给他们的食物中带来了很多沙子，这损害了他们的牙齿。句中谓语是brought，空格处用非谓语动词，stones和use之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作定语。故填used。 10．考查定语从句。句意：相反，他们只是默默忍受着，研究木乃伊的科学家们甚至在年轻的埃及人身上也发现了严重磨损的牙齿。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词scientists是人，因此空格处用关系代词who。故填who。 （24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）语法填空 Plastic bags are not costly to produce and strong and easy to carry. This is 1 they are a popular container. But they are also 2 major source of pollution. 3 can take hundreds of years of plastic bags to break down. Even tiny pieces can poison soil, lakes, rivers and oceans. Therefore, environmental experts urge people to reuse and recycle plastic bags. Maryland artist Allita Irby does just that. It starts with the morning newspaper. What is 4 (important) is getting that plastic bag the paper comes in. The mixed media artist recognized its rich possibilities about three year ago. “As I was taking the newspaper out, I felt the texture of these bags. They were soft. I just looked down and realized it 5 (take) three to make a braid (辫子).” Since then, Irby 6 (use) plastic bags to create abstract lines in her art works. Ms. Irby’s neighbors praised her ability 7 (turn) waste into treasure. Some, 8 Charlotte Hogan, asked the artist to teach them how to create art using the used plastic bags. “I think it is fascinating, and it is wonderful. I do plan to share it with my seniors at my church.” One of Irby’s neighbors Aleta Meyer expressed her surprise, “I have never given any more thought to what to do with a plastic bag. This is definitely different.” Shirley Watts also lives in the neighborhood. She plans to show others her art. “I want to make a masterpiece 9 I can put in a frame and put it up on my wall and then I know that I did it.” “Making art with found materials is not a new idea. Anyone can do it. 10 (recycle) paper, cloth and metal goods can become beautiful pictures and sculptures.” Allita Irby said, “I think we are all artists really, and there is beauty all around us.” The artist also said that all you had to do was to open your eyes and bring the outside in. 【答案】 1．why 2．a 3．It 4．more important 5．would take 6．has been using 7．to turn 8．like 9．that/which 10．Recycled 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了塑料袋虽然生产成本低、结实且易于携带，但也成为了主要的污染源，因此环境专家呼吁人们重复使用和回收塑料袋。艺术家Allita Irby利用塑料袋创作艺术品，将废物转化为宝物，展现了废物利用的可能性。 1．考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么它们是一种受欢迎的容器。“_____ they are a popular container”为表语从句，连接词在从句中作原因状语，意为“为什么”，用连接副词why引导该从句。故填why。 2．考查冠词。句意：但它们也是一个主要的污染源。可数名词source在句中表示“一个主要的污染源”，泛指，且major是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 3．考查形式主语。句意：塑料袋可能需要数百年才能分解。“It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式，所以空处应用It作形式主语。故填It。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：更重要的是得到装报纸的塑料袋。结合后文“The mixed media artist recognized its rich possibilities about three year ago.”可知，对于这位混合媒介艺术家来说，更重要的是得到装报纸的塑料袋，因为她认识到了它的丰富可能性，所以空处应用形容词比较级more important作表语，意为“更重要的”。故填more important。 5．考查时态。句意：我只是低下头，意识到编一条辫子需要三个。realize(意识)是从句谓语动词，结合句意，表示将要发生的事情，主语是一般过去时态，从句用过去将来时“would+动词原形”。故填would take。 6．考查时态。句意：从那时起，Irby一直在她的艺术作品中使用塑料袋来创作抽象的线条。    use(使用)是谓语动词，与主语Irby之间是主动关系，结合句意和时间状语“Since then”可知，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，且强调一直在做这件事情，应用现在完成进行时态，主语Irby为专有名词，谓语动词用单数形式，助动词用has。故填has been using。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：Irby的邻居们称赞她把废物变成宝物的能力。名词ability(能力)后常用不定式作后置定语，“ability to do sth.”意为“做某事的能力”。故填to turn。 8．考查介词。句意：有些人，比如Charlotte Hogan，请这位艺术家教他们如何用用过的塑料袋创作艺术。根据句意可知，此处表示举例，应用介词like，意为“比如”。故填like。 9．考查定语从句。句意：我想创作一幅我可以放进画框里挂在墙上的杰作，然后我就知道这是我做的。“_____ I can put in a frame and put it up on my wall”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a masterpiece，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作宾语，用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：回收的纸张、布料和金属制品可以变成美丽的图画和雕塑。recycle(回收)作定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语paper, cloth and metal goods之间是被动关系，应用过去分词recycled作定语，意为“被回收的”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Recycled。 （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Try New Fruit. The Weirder, the Better. As a kid, I often had nosebleeds. My parents blamed all the fruits I ate that gave me “excessive heat” — especially the lychees, my favorite. It didn’t stop me from wolfing them down 1 the dozen, however. After we settled in a suburb of Quebec City, lychees became harder to find, and thus an infrequent treat. 2 I’ve grown older, my obsession with exotic fruit has intensified — the weirder, the better. 3 natural or genetically modified, beautiful or misshapen, every new fruit expands my understanding of the world and enriches my experience within it. Just when I think I have encountered every natural smell, a fruit named lulo appears at my favorite store. Part pineapple juice and part rhubarb-flavored gummy, it’s a scent so rare that I’d rather believe it was picked from a food scientist’s imagination 4 accept that it just happens to grow in some people’s backyards. There’s a line in a Jack Gilbert poem that has inhabited a corner in my brain since I was a teenager. “What lasted is what the soul ate; the way a child knows the world is by putting it part by part into his mouth.” I think of the line 5 I prepare to eat a new fruit. Each tasting is a chance to be reunited with my inner child, to be left wide-eyed as I get to know it, part by part. For me, the experience is no less expansive than seeing the ocean for the first time. You catch yourself 6 (wonder) what else this world has been hiding and what beauty it’s capable of. 7 tasked with naming these fruits appear to be equally under a spell, producing simple yet charming names like ice cream bean and dragon fruit. Most fruits I try only a couple of times, but there’s one to 8 I keep returning: the soursop (刺果番荔枝). At ripeness, it tastes like a wonderful combination of banana, strawberry and papaya. 9 (wait) just one more day, though, and it starts to brown, emitting a smell that registers more like feet than fruit. This rapid decaying actually comforts me. An approaching expiration date is only encouragement 10 (taste) these joys as they come. We, too, will soon wake up and find our bodies softened and bruised. Will we have let our sweetest days go to waste? 【答案】 1．by 2．As 3．Whether 4．than 5．when 6．wondering 7．Those 8．which 9．Wait 10．to taste 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了打小喜欢荔枝的作者在成年后对异国水果更加喜欢，这些水果使他拓展了对世界的了解，丰富了他的经验，甚至还让他有了“趁着还没老去，珍惜美好当下”的人生感悟。 1．考查介词。句意：然而，这并没有阻止我把它们一打一打地吞下去。by the dozen“按打计算”，固定短语，故填by。 2．考查状语从句。句意：随着年龄的增长，我对异国水果的痴迷越来越强烈——越奇怪越好。结合句意可知，此处指“随着年龄的增长”，使用as引导时间状语从句，首字母应大写，故填As。 3．考查固定短语。句意：无论是天然的还是转基因的，美丽的还是畸形的，每一种新的水果都扩展了我对世界的理解，丰富了我对世界的体验。结合句意及“or”可知，此处是固定短语whether…or…，表示“无论是……还是……”，首字母应大写，故填Whether。 4．考查固定短语。句意：一部分是菠萝汁，一部分是大黄味的软糖，这种气味非常罕见，我宁愿相信它是从食品科学家的想象中挑选出来的，也不愿接受它碰巧生长在某些人的后院。would rather do than do“宁愿做……而不愿做……”，故填than。 5．考查状语从句。句意：当我准备吃一个新水果时，我想到了这句话。结合句意可知，此处指“当我准备吃一个新水果时”，使用when引导时间状语从句，故填when。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：你发现自己在想这个世界还隐藏了什么，它还能有什么美丽。空处是宾补，wonder和宾语yourself之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作宾补，故填wondering。 7．考查代词。句意：那些负责给这些水果命名的人似乎也同样被施了魔法，想出了简单而迷人的名字，比如冰淇淋豆和火龙果。空处作主语，结合句意可知，此处指“那些负责给这些水果命名的人”，使用代词those，首字母应大写，故填Those。 8．考查定语从句。句意：大多数水果我只尝过几次，但有一种水果我总是吃，那就是刺果番荔枝。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是one，关系词在从句中作宾语，使用关系代词which引导，故填which。 9．考查祈使句。句意：不过，再等一天，它就开始变成褐色，散发出一种更像脚的气味，而不是水果的味道。此处是祈使句，以动词原形开头，首字母应大写，故填Wait。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个即将到来的截止日期只会鼓励你在这些快乐到来时品尝它们。encouragement后使用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to taste。 （24-25高三上·上海闵行·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. U. S. Scientist Join Hop field and British-CanadianGeoffrey Hintonwon the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics for discoveries and inventions hat laid the foundation for machine learning, the award-giving body said on Tuesday.     Hinton has been widely credited as a godfather of artificial intelligence and made headlines when he 1 (quit) his job at Google last year to be able to more easily speak about the dangers of the technology he had pioneered. “We have no experience 2 it will be like to have things smarter than us,” Hinton said to the Nobel press conference, “It’s going to be wonderful in many respects, in areas 3 healthcare,” Hinton said. “But we also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences. Particularly the threat of these things getting out of control.” Hop field, 91, a professor emeritus (名誉退休的) at Princeton University, created an associative memory 4 can store and reconstruct images and other types of patterns in data, the Royal Sweaisn-Academy of Sciences, which awards the prize, said. “This year’s two Nobel laureates in physics have used tools from physics 5 (develop) methods that are the properties of today’s powerful machine learning,” the academy said in a statement. “Machine learning 6 (base) on artificial neural networks is currently revolutionizing science, engineering and daily life,” The award comes with a prize sum of 11 million Swedish crowns ($1.1 million) which 7 (share) by the two winners. British-born Hinton, 76, invented a method that can autonomously find patterns in data and carry out tasks such as identifying specific elements in pictures, the academy added. Though he quit Google in 2023 after realizing computers could become smarter than people far sooner than he and other experts had expected, Hinton said the company 8 acted very responsibly. Hinton also said that he regretted some of his research, but 9 he acted on the information he had at the time. “In the same circumstances I would do the same again,” he told the Nobel press conference, “ 10 I am worried that the overall consequence of this might be systems more intelligent than us that eventually take control.” 【答案】 1．quit 2．what 3．like 4．that/which 5．to develop 6．based 7．is shared 8．itself 9．that 10．But 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要讲述美国科学家John Hopfield和英裔加拿大人Geoffrey Hinton获得了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖，以表彰他们在机器学习方面的发现和发明，为人工智能的繁荣铺平了道路。 1．考查一般过去时。句意：Hinton因被广泛认为是人工智能的教父，去年他辞去谷歌的工作，以便更容易地谈论他开创的技术，从而成为头条新闻。根据时间状语“last year”可知此处是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填quit。 2．考查同位语从句。句意：“我们不知道拥有比我们更聪明的东西会是什么样子，” Hinton在诺贝尔新闻发布会上说。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明experience的内容，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用what引导，故填what。 3．考查介词。句意：Hinton说：“在医疗保健等领域，这在很多方面都将是美妙的。”结合句意可知，空后表示举例，使用介词like“例如，像”，故填like。 4．考查定语从句。句意：颁发该奖项的皇家科学院表示，91岁的普林斯顿大学名誉教授Hopfield创造了一种联想记忆，可以存储和重建图像和其他类型的数据模式。空处引导定语从句，先行词是memory，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：“今年的两位诺贝尔物理学奖得主使用了物理学的工具来开发方法，这些方法是当今强大的机器学习的特性，” 学院在一份声明中说。use sth to do sth“使用某物做某事”，故填to develop。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：基于人工神经网络的机器学习正在彻底改变科学、工程和日常生活。be based on“以……为基础”，此处使用过去分词作定语，修饰Machine learning，故填based。 7．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：该奖项的奖金为1100万瑞典克朗（合110万美元），由两位获奖者分享。结合句意及comes可知此处使用一般现在时，主语which指代先行词11 million Swedish crowns ($1.1 million)，表示单数意义，且和share之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填is shared。 8．考查反身代词。句意：Hinton在意识到电脑比人聪明的速度要比他和其他专家预期的要快得多后，于2023年辞职，但他表示，公司本身的行为非常负责任。结合句意可知此处指“公司本身的行为非常负责任”，使用反身代词itself作company的同位语，故填itself。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：Hinton还说，他对自己的一些研究感到后悔，但他当时是根据自己掌握的信息采取行动的。but连接两个宾语从句，空后的从句结构、意义完整，使用that引导，不可省略，故填that。 10．考查连词。句意：“在同样的情况下，我还会做同样的事情，”他在诺贝尔奖新闻发布会上说，“但我担心的是，这种情况的总体后果可能是，比我们更智能的系统最终会控制一切。”结合句意可知，空前后是转折关系，使用连词but连接，首字母应大写，故填But。 （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use an e word that best fits each blank. Are you afraid of getting old? 1 we get past the age of 25, many of us immediately feel the urge to stop the signs of ageing — especially the visible ones. Men and women are now using topical “anti-ageing” creams, spa treatments and medical procedures 2 (fight) many of them. 3 these methods can somewhat affect the way you look, ageing is an internal process. A new study has found exactly when during your lifetime this process peaks. A group of scientists based out of the Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered that 4 being a smooth, continuous process, ageing surges forward at three distinct stages of life: first. at the age of 34, then at age 60, and finally at 78. The study, recently published in Nature Medicine, 5 (reveal) that scientists can not only predict your age by studying the proteome (protein levels in the blood) but also determine which organs are ageing faster than the others, and which age-related diseases your body is 6 (likely) to develop. The study measured plasma proteins (血浆蛋白) collected from 4,263 adults between the ages of 18-95 years and studied the changes in the proteome that occurred with age. Their ultimate goal was to understand how to identify the changes associated with cardiovascular issues and age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s 7 merapeutic treatments can be devised to oppose their attack while there’s still time. Dr Tony Wyss-Coray, one of the leading members of the study. told Stanford Medicine News Center, “We’ve known for a long time that 8 (measure) certain proteins can give you information about a person’s health status — lipoproteins (脂蛋白) for cardiovascular health, for example. But it hasn’t been appreciated that so many different proteins’ levels — roughly a third of all the ones we looked at —change markedly with advancing age.” This difference between the chronological and physiological age, according to the scientists’ “plasma-protein clock”, showed that a lot of people in the study seemed younger than they actually were. What’s more, the study also confirmed that men and women, though equally 9 (represent) in the study; aged differently. Does this mean medications and lifestyle methods, with further research, can also be devised to help 10 ages too rapidly and is at risk of contracting age-related diseases like hypertension and Alzheimer’s? You never know. 【答案】 391．As soon as 392．to fight 393．Though/Although/While 394．instead of 395．has revealed 396．more likely 397．so that 398．measuring 399．represented 400．whoever 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究发现了人一生中衰老过程达到顶峰的确切时间以及如何测量衰老情况。 1．考查状语从句。句意：一旦过了25岁，我们中的许多人就会立即感到想要阻止衰老的迹象——尤其是那些看得见的迹象。引导时间状语从句，表示“一旦”应用as soon as，首字母大写。故填As soon as。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：男性和女性现在都在使用局部“抗衰老”面霜、水疗和医疗程序来对抗其中的许多衰老。短语use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”。故填to fight。 3．考查状语从句。句意：虽然这些方法会在一定程度上影响你的外表，但衰老是一个内在的过程。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用though或although或while，首字母大写。故填Though/Although/While。 4．考查固定短语。句意：斯坦福大学医学院的一组科学家发现，衰老不是一个平稳、连续的过程，而是在生命的三个不同阶段加速：首先是34岁，然后是60岁，最后是78岁。后跟动名词作宾语，此处表示“而不是”应用instead of。故填instead of。 5．考查时态。句意：这项发表在《自然医学》杂志上的研究表明，科学家不仅可以通过研究蛋白质组（血液中的蛋白质水平）来预测你的年龄，还可以确定哪些器官比其他器官衰老得更快，以及你的身体更容易患上哪些与年龄有关的疾病。此处表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响应用现在完成时，主语为study，助动词用has。故填has revealed。 6．考查比较级。句意：这项发表在《自然医学》杂志上的研究表明，科学家不仅可以通过研究蛋白质组（血液中的蛋白质水平）来预测你的年龄，还可以确定哪些器官比其他器官衰老得更快，以及你的身体更容易患上哪些与年龄有关的疾病。根据上文organs are ageing faster than the others可知应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more likely。 7．考查状语从句。句意：他们的最终目标是了解如何识别与心血管问题和老年痴呆症等与年龄有关的疾病相关的变化，以便在还有时间的时候设计出治疗方法来对抗它们的攻击。引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”应用so that。故填so that。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们早就知道，测量某些蛋白质可以提供一个人健康状况的信息——例如，用于心血管健康的脂蛋白。此处空处作从句的主语，应用动名词形式。故填measuring。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：更重要的是，该研究还证实，男性和女性虽然在研究中占同等比例，但衰老年龄不同。此处为非谓语动词，且从句中主语men and women与represent构成被动关系，用过去分词。故填represented。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：这是否意味着，通过进一步的研究，药物和生活方式也可以被设计出来，帮助那些衰老过快、有患高血压和阿尔茨海默氏症等与年龄有关的疾病风险的人？引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且表示“无论谁”应用whoever。故填whoever。 （24-25高三上·上海奉贤·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Giving the Suona a Modern Twist The Suona has long been associated with rural events such as weddings and funerals. In recent years, however, this traditional Chinese instrument 1 (see) a renewal of its image — thanks to the efforts of a brilliant musician, Liu Wenwen. Liu 2 (introduce) to the suona at age nine by her parents. 3 (follow) more than a decade of diligent practice, she entered the Shanghai Conservatory of Music in 2008. Liu’s study there inspired her creativity in suona music. 4 several friends, she formed an ensemble (乐团) featuring the suona and three other instruments, namely the erhu, bamboo flute and pipa. They teamed up with jazz bands, composed original music, and performed at international lawn music festivals. In China, these instruments are usually performed in a solemn manner. To Liu’s surprise, foreign audiences danced to the melodies of the folk music. 5 encouraged her to innovate further in suona music. In the following years, she frequently performed in European countries. 6 appreciating and incorporating elements of modern Western music styles, she focused on seeking ways to better promote the lesser-known suona. In 2015, Liu worked together with the renowned composer Tan Dun to create a new version of Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to the Phoenix, 7 classic suona piece. Two years later, they performed it on the stage of the Sydney Opera House. Liu’s 40-second performance “in one breath,” 8 (accompany) by a Western symphony orchestra, rocked the house. After that, Liu went on more than 30 tours, introducing the suona to more foreign audiences. The videos of her performances have also gained millions of views online. Inspired by these experiences, Liu made a bold move 9 (incorporate) different music genres into her regular playlist. Her recitals now feature elements of jazz’s lyrical romance, rock and roll’s explosive freedom and electronic music’s rhythmic beats. 10 Liu Wenwen has given the suona is a modern twist and she also helped it gain global recognition. In the future, she aims to conduct more world tours, demonstrating the charm of this traditional Chinese instrument to an even wider audience. 【答案】 1．has seen 2．was introduced 3．Following 4．With 5．It 6．While 7．a 8．accompanied 9．to incorporate 10．What 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了音乐家刘雯雯通过创新，让传统乐器唢呐焕发新生，并走向世界的故事。 1．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，近年来，这种中国传统乐器见证了自己形象的更新——这要归功于杰出音乐家刘雯雯的努力。‌无灵主语是一种英语语法结构，指的是使用没有生命的事物充当句子的主语成分，see(目睹，见证)在句中作有灵谓语动词，与无灵主语this traditional Chinese instrument之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“In recent years”可知，描述过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has seen。 2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：刘雯雯九岁时被父母介绍学习唢呐。introduce(介绍)是谓语动词，与主语Liu之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“at age nine”可知，讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是专有名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was introduced。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：经过十多年的刻苦练习，她在2008年考入上海音乐学院。“(follow) more than a decade of diligent practice”作状语，follow(跟随)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Following。 4．考查介词。句意：她和几个朋友组成了一个乐团，以唢呐为主，另外还有二胡、竹笛和琵琶三种乐器。结合句意可知，此处表示“和……一起”，应用介词with；句首单词首字母大写。故填With。 5．考查代词。句意：这鼓励她在唢呐音乐上进一步创新。设空处是句子主语，指代上文提到的“foreign audiences danced to the melodies of the folk music”这件事，应用代词it；句首单词首字母大写。故填It。 6．考查连词。句意：在欣赏和融入现代西方音乐元素的同时，她专注于寻找更好地推广鲜为人知的唢呐的方法。“appreciating and incorporating elements of modern Western music styles”是现在分词短语作时间状语，表示“在(欣赏和融入现代西方音乐元素)的同时”，可添加连词while明确其逻辑关系；句首单词首字母大写。故填While。 7．考查冠词。句意：2015年，他与著名作曲家谭盾合作，创作了经典唢呐作品《百鸟朝凤》的新版本。名词词组classic suona piece作同位语，可数名词piece表示“一首曲目”，泛指，且classic是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：刘雯雯的40秒“一口气”表演，在西方交响乐团的伴奏下，震撼了全场。“(accompany) by a Western symphony orchestra”作后置定语，accompany(为……伴奏)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“Liu’s 40-second performance ‘in one breath’”之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填accompanied。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：受到这些经历的启发，刘雯雯大胆地将不同的音乐流派融入她的日常播放列表中。“(incorporate) different music genres into her regular playlist”是“Liu made a bold move”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to incorporate。 10．考查名词性从句。句意：刘雯雯给唢呐带来的是一种现代的转变，她也帮助唢呐获得了全球的认可。“_____ Liu Wenwen has given the suona is a modern twist”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“(刘雯雯给唢呐带来的)什么”，用连接词what引导该从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. RVing (房车旅行) has long been popular among’ retirees, with this demographic (群体) comprising 1 third of owners, according to the RV Industry Association. Yet only a tiny fraction of all RV owners, retirees included, 2 (embrace) the nomadic life. But thanks to technological advances and the increase of online community groups 3 (offer) inspiration and advice, this lifestyle is attracting more people. Thanks to satellite internet and solar power systems, travelers now have 4 (reliable) connectivity and electric charging even when off the grid. Advanced, navigation tools let them cruise along scenic routes 5 avoiding low bridges or sharp turns. And with a few taps on an app, RVers can find restaurants, banks, gas stations, grocery stores and overnight parking options. Online retailers like Amazon enable these travelers to order 6 from shampoo to warmer clothes and have it delivered directly to their RV. “If we’re going to be someplace for a week, we can usually rely on getting a delivery 7 we are,” says Steve Parish. Yet, not everything about RV life is extremely pleasant. It also brings its share of complications and costs. Of course, some challenges go well 8 money. There’s no local barber, dentist, doctor, electrician, plumber or mechanic to rely on. These explorers need to be able to make basic RV repairs, keep track of water and manage the sewer tank (汗水箱). Full-timers must also plan for voting, paying taxes and receiving mail. Some businesses and support groups provide RVers with a physical street address they 9 use, such as one linked to a physical building with mail facilities. Often, the addresses are in states without income tax, such as Texas, Florida, and South Dakota. Rules vary by state, 10 full-timers can typically vote in person if they’re in their domicile (所在地) or vote absentee or by mail. 【答案】 1．a 2．embrace 3．offering 4．more reliable 5．while 6．everything 7．wherever 8．beyond 9．can 10．but 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了房车旅行在退休人员中的流行情况，以及随着技术进步和在线社区的支持，这种生活方式正在吸引越来越多的人。 1．考查冠词。句意：根据房车工业协会的数据，房车旅行在退休人员中一直很受欢迎，这一群体占房车拥有者的三分之一。空处为冠词的用法，构成固定搭配：a third of，意为“三分之一”，符合句意。故填a。 2．考查谓语动词。句意：然而，包括退休人员在内的所有房车拥有者中，只有一小部分人过着游牧生活。空处为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“only a tiny fraction of all RV owners”，复数，谓语动词用动词原形。故填embrace。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：但得益于技术进步和提供灵感与建议的在线社区团体的增多，这种生活方式正吸引着越来越多的人。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“online community groups”和动词“offer”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填offering。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：得益于卫星互联网和太阳能发电系统，旅行者在没有接入电网的情况下也能拥有更可靠的连接和电力充电。根据句意可知，空处为形容词比较级，指的是“更可靠的”。故填more reliable。 5．考查连词。句意：先进的导航工具让他们能够沿着风景优美的路线巡航，同时避开低矮的桥梁或急转弯。空处为连词，根据句意可知，空处指的是“当……时”，用while连接。故填while。 6．考查代词。句意：像亚马逊这样的在线零售商让旅行者能够从洗发水到保暖衣物等所有物品下单，并直接送到他们的房车上。根据句意以及下文“from shampoo to warmer clothes”可知，空处指的是“一切物品”，用不定代词everything。故填everything。 7．考查状语从句。句意：“如果我们要在某个地方待上一周，我们通常可以依靠送货服务，无论我们身在何处，”Steve Parish说。空处为状语从句的连接词，意为“无论在哪儿”，用wherever引导。故填wherever。 8．考查介词。句意：当然，有些挑战不仅仅是金钱方面的问题。空处为介词，结合句意，此处意为“超越”，用介词“beyond”。故填beyond。 9．考查情态动词。句意：一些企业和支持团体为房车旅行者提供了一个可以使用的实体街道地址，这个地址通常与一个有邮件设施的实体建筑相关联。根据句意可知，空处为情态动词，意为“能够”，用can。故填can。 10．考查连词。句意：各州的规定各不相同，但全职房车旅行者通常可以在其所在地亲自投票，也可以缺席投票或邮寄投票。空处为连词，空前“Rules vary by state”和空后“full-timers can typically vote in person if they’re in their domicile (所在地) or vote absentee or by mail”之间存在转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the sentences or passages below, fill in the blanks to make the sentences or passages coherent and grammatically correct. World’s oldest cheese found on 3500-year-old Chinese mummies A mysterious white substance found on Bronze Age mummies in China has proven to be the world’s oldest cheese. The cheese was first found about two decades ago, 1 (spread) on the heads and necks of mummies found in the Xiaohe cemetery in Xinjiang province, which date from around 3500 years ago. It has been long suspected that this white substance 2 have had a certain dairy origin, but only now have molecular tools become powerful enough to confirm their make-up. 3 (base) on the presence of yeast (酵母), lactic acid bacteria and proteins from ruminant milk in the samples, Qiaomei Fu at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing and her colleagues have identified the substance as a kind of kefir cheese. Kefir is a traditional drink made by fermenting milk 4 (use) kefir grains, which are pellets of microbial cultures, like a sourdough starter. Fu says the substance was no longer immediately recognisable as kefir cheese. “ 5 their age, these pale-yellow cheese samples smelled of nothing and were powdery to touch and a little crumbly,” she says. 6 there has been archaeological evidence from pottery of cheese-making technology from as long as 7000 years ago, no one has ever discovered such ancient cheese. The team found goat and cow DNA in the samples of the oldest cheese, but it appears that the milk from 7 of these animals was kept separate-unlike the mixed cheeses in many Greek and Middle Eastern cheese-making traditions. This may have been because goat milk is lower in lactose (乳糖) and so 8 (likely) to cause stomach problems when consumed. Fu and her colleagues also recovered the DNA of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens bacteria from these dairy samples, 9 they compared with the genomes of modern strains used to make kefir. The modern strains 10 (evolve) in line with the preferences of cheese consumers, says Fu. For example, the DNA analysis suggests the new strains have been selected to cause less of an immune response in the human intestine. 【答案】 1．spread 2．may/might/can/could 3．Based 4．using 5．Due to/Because of/Owing to 6．While/Though/Although 7．each 8．less likely 9．which 10．have evolved/have been evolving 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在3500年前的中国木乃伊身上发现了世界上最古老的奶酪一事。 1．考查过去分词。句意：这个奶酪最早是在大约二十年前发现的，分布在新疆小河公墓发现的木乃伊的头和脖子上，这些木乃伊的历史可以追溯到大约3500年前。非谓语动词spread和主语The cheese是逻辑被动关系，spread用过去分词形式作状语。故填spread。 2．考查情态动词。句意：长期以来，人们一直怀疑这种白色物质可能来源于某种乳制品，但直到现在，分子工具才变得足够强大，可以确认它们的成分。情态动词+动词原形，情态动词may/might/can/could表推测。故填may/might/can/could。 3．考查过去分词。句意：基于样本中存在酵母、乳酸菌和反刍动物乳汁中的蛋白质，北京中国科学院的Qiaomei Fu和她的同事们将这种物质鉴定为一种开菲尔奶酪。固定短语be based on (基于)，用过去分词based作状语，首字母大写。故填Based。 4．考查现在分词。句意：开菲尔是一种传统饮料，利用开菲尔谷物发酵牛奶制成，开菲尔谷物是微生物培养物的颗粒，就像酸面团发酵剂一样。非谓语动词use和主语Kefir是逻辑主动关系，use用现在分词形式作状语。故填using。 5．考查固定短语。句意：她说：“由于年代久远，这些淡黄色的奶酪样品闻起来毫无味道，摸起来呈粉状，有点易碎。”固定短语due to/because of/owing to (由于)，首字母大写。故填Due to/Because of/Owing to。 6．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然早在7000年前，陶器上就有奶酪制作技术的考古证据，但从来没有人发现过如此古老的奶酪。主从句让步关系，用从属连词while/though/although (虽然……但是……)引导让步状语从句。故填While/Though/Although。 7．考查不定代词。句意：研究小组在最古老的奶酪样本中发现了山羊和奶牛的DNA，但似乎每种动物的牛奶都是分开保存的，这与许多希腊和中东奶酪制作传统中的混合奶酪不同。结合句意，用不定代词each，each of (每个)。故填each。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是因为羊奶的乳糖含量较低，因此食用时不太可能引起胃部问题。固定短语be likely to do sth. (可能做某事)，结合句意，用形容词比较级less likely (不大可能)作表语。故填less likely。 9．考查定语从句关系词。句意：傅和她的同事们还从这些乳制品样本中回收了开菲尔乳酸菌的DNA，并将其与用于制造开菲尔的现代菌株的基因组进行了比较。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是DNA，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 10．考查时态。句意：傅说，现代奶酪品种的演变符合奶酪消费者的偏好。该空表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能持续发生下去，谓语动词evolve用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，注意主谓一致。故填have evolved/have been evolving。 重难语篇拔高练 （2025高三·上海·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. Alibaba shopping apps connect with WeChat Pay Alibaba’s mobile retail shopping applications Taobao and Tmall have officially connected with WeChat Pay under Tencent, 1 highlight of the interconnectivity between China’s two tech giants. Customers can pay for their merchandise using WeChat pay as well as UnionPay, China Mobile’s mobile wallet besides the existing Alipay tool, using the latest version of the Taobao smartphone application 2 extra charge or service fee. The topic had been viewed about 5 million times on Friday morning on the Twitter-like social networking site Weibo. One Weibo user with the nickname Cheng Huan wrote that 3 Alipay is more established and convenient among online shoppers, it’s a big step forward for those who want to use WeChat for daily payment. Alipay has been the sole payment provider on Taobao and Tmall for more than a decade, and by now enabling WeChat Pay, they 4 better reach those who prefer to use WeChat for its ease of use, especially in lower tier cities. 5 (test) the function in small batches and collected responses about integrating WeChat Pay as an additional payment method for several weeks, Alibaba makes it available now for all merchants and shoppers on Taobao and Tmall. Both Taobao Tmall Group and Tencent said they were actively exploring interoperability and partnerships with industry peers, suggesting further collaboration in other areas between the two digital giants. Industry watchers regard this as a landmark cooperation deal between China’s tech giants 6 , apart from enhancing consumers’ shopping experience, would also provide more possibilities for bolstering the innovation of payment technology. The total number of Internet users in China 7 (reach) nearly 1.1 billion by the end of the first half this year, an increase of 7.42 million from December 2023, with a penetration rate of 78 percent, according to the latest report by the China Internet Network Information Center. 8 (drive) mostly by new adoption among teenagers and the elderly, the increase meant that nearly four in every five people in the country now are connected to the Internet. 9 (Integrate) services, several leading digital and payment service providers have been taking preliminary measures in recent years after The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology put forward the demand 10 tech companies tear down their so-called walled gardens which block competitors’ products with an aim to maintain market order and to encourage the industry’s future development. 【答案】 1．a 2．without 3．while/although/though 4．can 5．Having tested 6．that/which 7．reached/had reached 8．Driven 9．To integrate 10．that 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是阿里巴巴的移动零售购物应用程序淘宝和天猫已正式与腾讯旗下的微信支付对接，这标志着中国两大科技巨头之间互联互通迈出的重要一步。 1．考查冠词。句意：阿里巴巴的移动零售购物应用淘宝和天猫已正式与腾讯旗下的微信支付连接，这是中国两大科技巨头之间互联互通的一个亮点。highlight为可数名词单数，意为“亮点”，结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，所以使用不定冠词，highlight的首个音素为辅音，所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．考查介词。句意：消费者可以使用微信支付和银联（中国移动的移动钱包，除了现有的支付宝工具），使用最新版本的淘宝智能手机应用程序支付商品，而无需额外收费或服务费。结合句意可知，此处表示“不用”应为without符合句意。故填without。 3．考查状语从句。句意：一位名为Cheng Huan的微博用户写道，虽然支付宝在网上购物中更加成熟和方便，但对于那些想用微信进行日常支付的人来说，这是一个很大的进步。此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，上下文之间表示让步关系，意为“虽然”，所以此处使用连词while/although/though。故填while/although/though。 4．考查情态动词。句意：十多年来，支付宝一直是淘宝和天猫的唯一支付提供商，现在启用微信支付，他们能更好地接触到那些喜欢使用微信的人，尤其是在二三线城市。空后为动词原形，所以此处使用情态动词与其后的动词reach作句子的谓语，结合句意，此处表示“能，可以”为can。故填can。 5．考查现在分词。句意：阿里巴巴对微信支付进行了几周的小批量测试，并收集了有关将微信支付作为一种额外支付方式的反馈。现在，阿里巴巴向淘宝和天猫上的所有商家和购物者开放了微信支付。此处为非谓语动词作状语，test与逻辑主语Alibaba之间为主动关系，且test发生在谓语动词之前，所以此处使用现在分词的完成式having tested，位于句首，have的首字母需大写。故填Having tested。 6．考查定语从句。句意：业内观察人士认为，这是中国科技巨头之间具有里程碑意义的合作协议，除了增强消费者的购物体验外，还将为推动支付技术的创新提供更多可能性。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，且先行词a landmark cooperation deal指的是事物，所以此处使用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。 7．考查动词时态。句意：根据中国互联网络信息中心的最新报告，到今年上半年末，中国网民总数达到近11亿，比2023年12月增加了742万，普及率达到78%。此处为句子的谓语动词，结合语境可知，此处所报道的数据为过去的数据，所以此处使用一般过去时，讲述过去的一个客观事实，与主语The total number of Internet users之间为主动关系，或者依据时间状语“by the end of the first half this year”可知，此处使用过去完成时。故填reached/had reached。 8．考查过去分词。句意：这一增长主要是由青少年和老年人的新用户推动的，这意味着该国近五分之四的人现在已经连接到互联网。此处为非谓语动词作状语，drive与逻辑主语the increase之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式driven，且于句首，首字母需大写。故填Driven。 9．考查动词不定式。句意：为了整合服务，近年来，在工业和信息化部提出要求后，几家领先的数字和支付服务提供商一直在采取初步措施，要求科技公司拆除所谓的围墙花园，这些花园阻碍了竞争对手的产品，旨在维护市场秩序，鼓励行业的未来发展。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知，此处意为“为了……”，表示目的，所以此处使用动词不定式形式，位于句首，句首单词首字母需大写。故填To integrate。 10．考查同位语从句。句意：为了整合服务，近年来，在工业和信息化部提出要求后，几家领先的数字和支付服务提供商一直在采取初步措施，要求科技公司拆除所谓的围墙花园，这些花园阻碍了竞争对手的产品，旨在维护市场秩序，鼓励行业的未来发展。此处为连接词引导的同位语从句，解释demand的内容，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that。故填that。 （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. An excerpt from A Walk in the Woods Now here’s a thing to consider. Every twenty minutes on the Appalachian Trail, Katz and I walked 461 (far) than the average American walks in a week. For 93 percent of all trips outside the home, Americans now get in a car. On average the total walking of an American these days 462 (add) up to 1.4 miles a week, barely 350 yards a day. That’s ridiculous. When my family and I moved to the States, one of the things we wanted was to live in a traditional small town — the sort of place 463 Jımmy Stewart would be the mayor, the Hardy Boys would deliver your groceries, and Deanna Durbin would sing at an open window. Perfect little towns are not easy 464 (find), of course, but Hanover, where we settled, comes close. It is a small typical New England college town, pleasant and calm, full of old trees. It has a broad green, an old-fashioned Main Street, a handsome campus and leafy residential streets. Nearly everyone in town is 465 an easy walk of the post office, library, and stores. But things are different here: hardly 466 , as far as I can tell, walks anywhere for anything. I know a man who drives 600 yards to work. I know a woman who gets in her car to go a quarter of a mile to a college gymnasium to walk on a treadmill (跑步机), and then complains passionately about the difficulty she has 467 (spot) a parking space. When I asked her once 468 she didn’t walk to the gym and do five minutes less on the treadmill, she looked at me as if I were being deliberately provocative (挑衅的). “Because I have a program for the treadmill,” she explained. “It records my distance and speed, and I 469 adjust it for degree of difficulty.” It hadn’t occurred to me how thoughtlessly deficient nature is in this regard. At least in Hanover she could walk if she wanted to. In many places in America now, it is not actually possible to be a pedestrian, 470 you want to be. 【答案】 1．farther 2．adds 3．where 4．to find 5．within 6．anyone/anybody 7．spotting 8．why 9．can 10．even if/even though 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章摘自《林中漫步》，作者搬到美国时希望住在一个传统的小镇，但发现这里很少有人步行，美国人现在有93%的外出旅行都是开车，在美国的许多地方，即使你想成为一个步行者，实际上也是不可能的。 1．考查副词比较级。句意：在Appalachian步道上，Katz和我每隔20分钟走的路就比美国人平均一周走的路还要远。根据“than”可知，此处使用副词比较级，故填farther。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如今，美国人平均每周步行1.4英里，每天仅350步。结合句意及“these days”可知，句子是描述当前的事实，使用一般现在时，主语“walking”表示单数意义，谓语动词使用单数，故填adds。 3．考查定语从句。句意：当我和我的家人搬到美国时，我们想要的一件事就是住在一个传统的小镇上——在那里Jimmy Stewart会是市长，Hardy Boys会帮你送货，Deanna Durbin会在敞开的窗户前唱歌。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导，故填where。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，完美的小城镇并不容易找到，但我们定居的Hanover就很接近了。此处是“be+形容词+动词不定式”结构，故填to find。 5．考查介词。句意：镇上几乎每个人都可以很方便地步行到邮局、图书馆和商店。within an easy walk of“离……几步路，离……不远”，故填within。 6．考查不定代词。句意：但这里的情况有所不同：据我所知，几乎没有人会为了任何事情去任何地方。hardly表示否定意义，空处是主语，结合句意可知，此处指“任何人”，使用不定代词anyone/anybody，故填anyone/anybody。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：我认识一位女士，她开车走了四分之一英里去大学体育馆的跑步机，然后激动地抱怨找不到停车位。have difficulty doing sth“做某事有困难”，故填spotting。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：有一次我问她为什么不步行去健身房，在跑步机上少锻炼五分钟，她看着我，好像我是故意挑衅似的。空处引导宾语从句，结合下文“Because…”可知，此处指“为什么”，使用连接副词why引导，故填why。 9．考查情态动词。句意：它记录了我的距离和速度，我可以根据难度来调整它。此处表示“可以”，使用情态动词can，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，故填can。 10．考查让步状语从句。句意：现在在美国的许多地方，即使你想成为一个行人，实际上也是不可能的。结合句意可知，此处表示“即使”，使用even if/though引导让步状语从句，故填even if/though。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$