专题10 概要写作15篇（上海市高考模拟真题）（第一期）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(上海专用)

专题10 概要写作10篇 (上海市高考模拟) 基础语篇巩固练 1．（24-25高三下·上海金山·阶段练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Psychological issues of astronauts Long-duration space travel can have an impact on your mental well-being. Astronauts often report problems with sleeplessness and loss of appetite, and it can be hard to find any privacy in the craft. Crews also have to be carefully selected to make sure that every member is easygoing — there is the constant threat of something going wrong, and you can’t risk astronauts annoying each other too much. It’s not like you can settle an argument by avoiding each other or stepping outside for some air! And the signal delay time of up to 40 minutes will mean that you’ll not even be able to talk to anyone on Earth — all contact will be by email or video message. These psychological issues are tricky to detect early on, and when you’re investigating the effects on group cohesion it’s hard to think of scientific ways to measure the outcome. While medical tests might be able to reveal the physiological effects of spaceflight on your body, people might be less likely to self-report on psychological stresses or problems they are encountering. One of the best ways of studying psychological effects is in similarly isolated situations back on Earth. Dr Beth Healey has spent more than a year on the Concordia Station in the icy depths of Antaretica, as a research doctor. During a polar winter you don’t see sunshine for three months, and no departure is possible even in an emergency. In one of Healey’s experiments, she got the crew to wear trackers. These monitored how mobile each person was, and who they interacted with. “This provided valuable information regarding how group dynamics changed over time and could identify critical time points in the mission where crew members may be more likely to isolate themselves or seek out social interaction, or when conflicts were most likely to occur,” she says. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Due to the long time spent in the spacecraft just with other crew members, astronauts will often suffer from psychological problems. These problems are hard to notice and we don’t have many ways to assess their potential consequences. However, one way is feasible, which is have those who are in isolated environments on the Earth as subjects. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，由于长时间与其他机组成员一起在宇宙飞船中度过，宇航员经常会出现心理问题。这些问题很难被注意到，我们也没有很多方法来评估它们的潜在后果。然而，有一种方法是可行的，那就是把那些在地球上孤立环境中的人作为研究对象。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Long-duration space travel can have an impact on your mental well-being. ②Crews also have to be carefully selected to make sure that every member is easygoing — there is the constant threat of something going wrong, and you can’t risk astronauts annoying each other too much. ③These psychological issues are tricky to detect early on, and when you’re investigating the effects on group cohesion it’s hard to think of scientific ways to measure the outcome. ④One of the best ways of studying psychological effects is in similarly isolated situations back on Earth. 2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Astronauts often experience psychological problems as a result of spending long hours in a spacecraft with other crew members. These problems are hard to be noticed, we also don’t have a lot of methods to evaluate their potential consequences. One approach, however, is to study people in isolated environments on Earth. 【点睛】[高分句型1] These problems are hard to notice and we don’t have many ways to assess their potential consequences.（运用并列句对原文第二段进行了概括，其中运用了不定式作后置定语。） [高分句型2] However, one way is feasible, which is have those who are in isolated environments on the Earth as subjects. （运用which引导的非限定性定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。） 2．（2025·上海·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Inside the NFL Football Factory Cheering for your football team as they throw a long pass is a classic American tradition that started in the late 1800s. Today’s footballs, often called “pigskins,” are no longer made from pig bladders. They are made from cowhide leather with rubber inside. Even though the materials have changed, the shape and size of NFL footballs have stayed the same for over 100 years. Dr. Rabindra Mehta, a former NASA scientist, explains that a football is designed to be more aerodynamic than a baseball. Footballs are made from four pieces of leather, shaped like leaves and sewn together inside out. The leather is then steamed to make it soft enough to turn right-side out. An air bladder is inserted, and the football is laced by hand. A football isn’t a perfect sphere (球体) but a prolate spheroid, which means it’s oval-shaped with pointed ends. This shape makes it easier to grasp and helps the ball travel longer distances. The surface of the football, including the texture of the leather, the stitching, and the laces, helps the air flow stay attached longer, reducing drag compared to a round object like a baseball. When a baseball flies through the air, the air bends around it, creating drag that slows it down. Golf balls have dimples on their surface to reduce drag. Similarly, the textured surface and curved shape of a football help create a turbulent (湍流的) layer of air around it, allowing air to stay attached longer and reducing drag. MIT professor Anette Hosoi says it’s hard to predict drag on objects like footballs. Drag depends on the shape of the air behind the ball, which changes with the ball’s position, speed, and surface texture. Air temperature also affects drag; warmer air is less dense, so footballs may fly farther on warmer days. A football thrown with a tight spiral (螺旋形) is fun to watch. The spin of the ball stays aligned with the direction it’s moving, just like a bullet. This skill is what makes quarterbacks so impressive. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】        NFL footballs, made from cowhide leather, retain their shape and size for over 100 years. Designed as prolate spheroids, their textured surface and pointed ends reduce drag, enhancing aerodynamics. Factors like ball’s position, speed, texture, air temperature and spin affect their flight, making them more efficient than baseballs, contributing to their impressive performance in games. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，美国国家橄榄球联盟的橄榄球由牛皮制成，100多年来一直保持着原来的形状和大小。设计为长条形球体，其纹理表面和尖端减少阻力，增强空气动力学。球的位置、速度、质地、空气温度和旋转等因素都会影响它们的飞行，使它们比棒球更有效率，从而在比赛中表现出色。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Today’s footballs, often called “pigskins,” are no longer made from pig bladders. They are made from cowhide leather with rubber inside. Even though the materials have changed, the shape and size of NFL footballs have stayed the same for over 100 years. ②A football isn’t a perfect sphere (球体) but a prolate spheroid, which means it’s oval-shaped with pointed ends. This shape makes it easier to grasp and helps the ball travel longer distances. The surface of the football, including the texture of the leather, the stitching, and the laces, helps the air flow stay attached longer, reducing drag compared to a round object like a baseball. ③Drag depends on the shape of the air behind the ball, which changes with the ball’s position, speed, and surface texture. Air temperature also affects drag; warmer air is less dense, so footballs may fly farther on warmer days. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3两个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 NFL footballs, made from cowhide leather, retain their shape and size for over 100 years. Designed as prolate spheroids, their textured surface and pointed ends reduce drag, enhancing aerodynamics. Factors like ball’s position, speed, texture, air temperature and spin affect their flight, making them more efficient than baseballs, contributing to their impressive performance in games. 【点睛】[高分句型1] NFL footballs, made from cowhide leather, retain their shape and size for over 100 years.运用过去分词作定语对原文第一段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Factors like ball’s position, speed, texture, air temperature and spin affect their flight, making them more efficient than baseballs, contributing to their impressive performance in games.用现在分词作状语对倒数第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 3．（2025·上海长宁·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The role of siblings(兄弟姐妹) It’s common knowledge that the family a child grows up in has a huge influence on the child’s attitudes, beliefs and mental health. People usually think that the child’s parents are responsible for this influence, but relationships with brothers and sisters are just as important. Siblings provide children with a unique opportunity to practice interacting with their peers, rather than authority figures. Although friendships can have similar effects, relationships with siblings offer some unique advantages. During childhood, siblings see each other every day and spend more time with each other than with anyone else, sharing experiences that last all their lives. Siblings are also forced to persevere in their relationships with each other even if they have a falling out. This forces children to practice conflict resolution skills since they cannot leave the familial relationship, as they could with a friend. But a sibling relationship also offers a safe place to discuss difficult topics without fear of abandonment. Moreover, older siblings often teach their younger brothers and sisters about life. They can convey useful skills and advice, but they can also set bad examples, leading their younger siblings to do things that are wrong or foolish. Once children grow up, they do not see their siblings as often as before since they usually no longer live together. Maintaining sibling relationships now takes work, and if siblings do not get along, they can avoid each other. But many sibling relationships improve in young adulthood as the siblings mature. Sometimes the distance helps siblings enjoy each other’s company when they do meet. Relationships between siblings vary depending on the ages and personalities of the children involved. Even the best sibling relationships involve some disagreements, but a strong relationship can survive such conflicts. Considering the role of siblings throughout our lives, it’s critical to take the time to cultivate positive relationships with siblings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Growing up with siblings promotes the ability to get along with peers. Siblings shape each other. In childhood, they share life under the same safe roof, acquiring conflict-handling skills together, with older siblings often guiding. Adult siblings meet less, but relationships often improve. Sibling relationships are diverse, and it's important to develop a positive one. (55 words) 【导语】这是一篇说明文。和兄弟姐妹一起长大可以提高与同龄人相处的能力。兄弟姐妹互相影响。在童年时期，他们在同一个安全的屋檐下生活，一起学习处理冲突的技能，通常由哥哥姐姐指导。成年兄弟姐妹见面较少，但关系往往会改善。兄弟姐妹的关系是多种多样的，发展积极的关系很重要。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Siblings provide children with a unique opportunity to practice interacting with their peers, rather than authority figures. ②During childhood, siblings see each other every day and spend more time with each other than with anyone else, sharing experiences that last all their lives. ③Siblings are also forced to persevere in their relationships with each other even if they have a falling out. This forces children to practice conflict resolution skills since they cannot leave the familial relationship, as they could with a friend. But a sibling relationship also offers a safe place to discuss difficult topics without fear of abandonment. Moreover, older siblings often teach their younger brothers and sisters about life. They can convey useful skills and advice, but they can also set bad examples, leading their younger siblings to do things that are wrong or foolish. ④Once children grow up, they do not see their siblings as often as before since they usually no longer live together. Maintaining sibling relationships now takes work, and if siblings do not get along, they can avoid each other. But many sibling relationships improve in young adulthood as the siblings mature. ⑤Relationships between siblings vary depending on the ages and personalities of the children involved ⑥Considering the role of siblings throughout our lives, it’s critical to take the time to cultivate positive relationships with siblings. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、要点进行分说，5、6进行总结 3.遣词造句 Growing up with siblings promotes the ability to get along with peers. Siblings shape each other. In childhood, they share life under the same safe roof, acquiring conflict-handling skills together, with older siblings often guiding. Adult siblings meet less, but relationships often improve. Sibling relationships are diverse, and it's important to develop a positive one 【点睛】[高分句型1] In childhood, they share life under the same safe roof, acquiring conflict-handling skills together, with older siblings often guiding.（运用了现在分词作状语） [高分句型2] Sibling relationships are diverse, and it’s important to develop a positive one.（运用了it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语） 4．（2025·上海青浦·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.  Use your own words as far as possible. The Tchaikovsky Cure for Worry The 19th-century Russian composer Tchaikovsky was not a happy man. In his 5,365 letters to friends and family, we find constant references to his sadness and anxiety. He had just one, temporary pain reliever for his misery: “… a new idea awakens in me and begins to assume a definite form.” Tchaikovsky’s experience is not abnormal. Modern research in neuroscience (神经科学) and psychology reveals that active engagement in creative pursuits is an effective way to gain relief from negative emotions and see the world in a much more positive way. At a time when mood disorders are exploding and less than a third of U.S. adults believe that they are living up to their creative potential, this might be the simplest, easiest, and most natural way for anyone to improve their life. Neuroscientific research offers explanations of how creativity might lower negative emotion, and anxiety in particular. In a fascinating 2015 study, neuroscientists observed people as they wrote poetry. They found that during the idea-generation phase of writing, the medial prefrontal cortex (前额叶内侧皮层) is especially active. This is the same part of the brain that is activated during meditation (an activity in which people sit still and focus on their thoughts), which suggests that creative activity might have some of the same effects on stress as meditational exercises do — thus why some anxious people routinely use it to treat themselves. Yet, so many different creative outlets exist that the task of finding one that fits your personality and tastes can be scary. One method I like to suggest, to help people find the ideal activity for them, is to start by categorizing creative pursuits as public or private and inventive or interpretive. All you need is to know your personality type and your preference. Outgoing people who prefer to interpret the works of others can try theater or classical music; people who are shy might prefer studying poetry. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Tchaikovsky found temporary relief from his sadness and anxiety through innovation. His way still works today and neuroscientists uncover the mechanism behind it. Creative activities are as beneficial as meditation--they stimulate the same brain part. The author suggests categorizing innovative activities and then finding the most suitable one for our personality.(52 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以柴可夫斯基为例，引出创造性追求能缓解负面情绪的主题。接着通过神经科学研究解释创造力如何降低焦虑。最后提供了一种根据个人性格和偏好选择适合自己创造性活动的方法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①He had just one, temporary pain reliever for his misery: “… a new idea awakens in me and begins to assume a definite form.” ②Tchaikovsky’s experience is not abnormal. ③Modern research in neuroscience (神经科学) and psychology reveals that active engagement in creative pursuits is an effective way to gain relief from negative emotions and see the world in a much more positive way. ④Neuroscientific research offers explanations of how creativity might lower negative emotion, and anxiety in particular. ⑤This is the same part of the brain that is activated during meditation (an activity in which people sit still and focus on their thoughts), which suggests that creative activity might have some of the same effects on stress as meditational exercises do — thus why some anxious people routinely use it to treat themselves. ⑥One method I like to suggest, to help people find the ideal activity for them, is to start by categorizing creative pursuits as public or private and inventive or interpretive. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合。将第6要点进行重组。 3. 遣词造句 Tchaikovsky found temporary relief from his sadness and anxiety through innovation. Creative activities are as beneficial as meditation--they stimulate the same brain part. The author suggests categorizing innovative activities and then finding the most suitable one for our personality. 【点睛】[高分句型1]His way still works today and neuroscientists uncover the mechanism behind it. 用并列句概括了第二和第三段内容。 [高分句型2]The author suggests categorizing innovative activities and then finding the most suitable one for our personality.用动名词作宾语，概括了最后一段内容。 5．（2025·上海普陀·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Price of Winning Fourteen-year-old Angus sits on the bench, watching his baseball team play. He’s out of the game because he made a mistake. For his coach, that's unacceptable — mistakes don’t win games. But for most teens, the focus on winning isn’t as important. In a recent study, 90% of teenagers said they would rather play and lose than sit on the sidelines and not play at all. For them, sports are about fun, learning, and being part of a team. However, for many coaches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfection from young players. Unfortunately, this pressure to win drives many kids away from organized sports early on. In competitive events, nearly every action a player makes is examined. Parents and coaches constantly shout instructions, sometimes yelling at kids for errors or missed shots. This intense environment doesn’t let kids make their own choices or learn from their mistakes. Instead of enjoying the game, young players feel watched and judged every second. They lose the freedom to explore their abilities and develop naturally as athletes and individuals. The emphasis on winning creates deeper issues, too. Many kids feel anxious because they’re only praised for scoring goals or winning races, not for trying hard or improving. Over time, this focus on results can harm their self-confidence, especially if they’re often benched. They start to believe they’re only valuable if they perform perfectly, which can make sports feel like a burden instead of a joy. Two months later, Angus is back playing baseball — but not on a team. He’s at the park with friends, playing just for fun, and he’s much happier. This raises an important question: How many potential champions will quit sports unless adults change their attitude? For young athletes to thrive, they need support and encouragement, not the pressure to always win. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    In competitive events, young players are always expected perfection by their coaches and parents, which has a negative impact on teenagers. Not only does it cause that teenagers prefer to sit on the sidelines instead of taking a positive in the events, but also the focus on results can also make them feel frustrated. If adults change their attitude, young athletes will build up confidence and inspire potential. 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述棒球选手安格斯因为被过度要求获胜，而产生巨大的心理压力，因此导致球场失误，被罚下场的故事，讲述了盲目追求获胜的弊端：过早离开有组织的体育运动，引起自身焦虑。强调运动过程中，运动员需要更多的支持和鼓励，才能避免焦虑，提升自信，进而自由地探索自己的能力，更加享受运动带来的乐趣，激发出自己的潜力。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① However, for many coaches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfection from young players. ②Unfortunately, this pressure to win drives many kids away from organized sports early on. ③The emphasis on winning creates deeper issues, too. ④For young athletes to thrive, they need support and encouragement, not the pressure to always win. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点作为背景描述，引出当前常见的一种现象：过度强调胜利，将第2、3要点进行整合，分别说明强调胜利的代价，最后提出解决问题的方法。 3.遣词造句 Young players are always expected perfection. It causes that teenagers prefer to sit on the sidelines and not play at all. The focus on results can also make them feel frustrated. If adults change their attitude, young athletes will build up confidence and inspire potential. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 In competitive events, young players are always expected perfection by their coaches and parents, which have a negative impact on teenagers. 主句使用被动语态的句式引出由当前的一种社会现象，使用which引导的非限制性定语从句，阐明这一现象带来的弊端，通过主从复合句的形式，将句式进行升级。 【高分句型2】Not only did it cause that teenagers preferred to sit on the sidelines and not play at all instead of taking a positive in the events, but also the focus on results can also make them feel frustrated.使用Not only…but also 连接两个并列句，同时将否定词not only置于句首，形成一个倒装结构，进一步描述过度关注胜利带来的弊端，使得句式表达多样化。 6．（2025·上海嘉定·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Challenging Unrealistic Beauty Standards In many cultures, body size has often been linked to success and happiness. For example, phrases like “you’ve fattened up” used to suggest someone was living well. However, modern times have shifted these ideas, especially with the rise of social media. Today, young people often feel pressured to follow narrow beauty standards, which favor slim figures, pale skin, and specific features. These ideals are everywhere online, making it hard for individuals to feel confident about their natural bodies. One concerning trend is the rise of “skinny enough” challenges on social media. These challenges include activities like wrapping arms around one’s waist, fitting knees behind an iPhone, or checking if their waistline is as thin as a piece of paper. Many young women participate in these trends to feel validated, but this often leads to harmful dieting and poor mental health. Additionally, the influence of pop culture, especially K-pop and Japanese media, adds to the problem by glorifying ultra-thin body types as the ideal. Fortunately, some influencers are working to challenge these harmful ideals. On a social media website, body-positive influencer Theresa uses her platform to encourage confidence and self-acceptance. She openly shares her own experiences of overcoming societal pressures, helping others see that beauty isn’t about meeting impossible standards. Similarly, Scarlett Hao, another influencer, promotes body diversity and inspires girls to accept their natural shapes. Her journey shows how confidence and self-love can break down stereotypes (刻板印象) about beauty. Although social media continues to spread unrealistic images, influencers like Theresa and Scarlett are making an impact. They remind others that beauty comes in many forms and that self-worth isn’t defined by size or weight. As more people embrace these messages, society can shift toward a healthier and more positive understanding of body image. As the saying goes, “Love your body — it’s the only one you’ve got.” _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Modem beauty standards exert pressure on young individuals, leading to mental health and dietary issues. Influencers like Theresa and Scarlett Hao are combating this by promoting body positivity and self-acceptance, contributing to a healthier societal perspective on beauty and body image. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，现代的审美标准给年轻人带来了压力，导致了心理健康和饮食问题。像Theresa和Scarlett Hao这样的有影响力的人正在通过促进身体积极和自我接受来对抗这种情况，为社会对美和身体形象的更健康的看法做出贡献。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Today, young people often feel pressured to follow narrow beauty standards, which favor slim figures, pale skin, and specific features. These ideals are everywhere online, making it hard for individuals to feel confident about their natural bodies. ②Many young women participate in these trends to feel validated, but this often leads to harmful dieting and poor mental health. ③Fortunately, some influencers are working to challenge these harmful ideals. ④Although social media continues to spread unrealistic images, influencers like Theresa and Scarlett are making an impact. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2个要点进行总说，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3. 遣词造句 Modem beauty standards exert pressure on young individuals, leading to mental health and dietary issues. Influencers like Theresa and Scarlett Hao are combating this by promoting body positivity and self-acceptance, contributing to a healthier societal perspective on beauty and body image. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Modern beauty standards exert pressure on young individuals, leading to mental health and dietary issues. (运用现在分词作状语对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括)。 【高分句型2】Influencers like Theresa and Scarlett Hao are combating this by promoting body positivity and self-acceptance, contributing to a healthier societal perspective on beauty and body image. (用动名词作宾语对第三段和第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级) 7．（2025·上海崇明·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) Most humans have some physical characteristics that they wish they could change, such as a facial feature or extra fat. Many people can comfortably live with these characteristics, but for some, their negative body image significantly affects their daily lives. The latter group are said to have body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). They find some common aspects, including the face or stomach, impossible to accept. People with BDD often try to alter these features by exercising, changing their hairstyle, using skin care products or even getting plastic surgery. Or they may try to hide the features under clothing or makeup. They may look at mirrors constantly or avoid them altogether. They may ask others for reassurance (安慰) that they look OK but not believe that reassurance when it comes. People with BDD sometimes pick at their skin or constantly comb (梳) their hair; at its worst, BDD can lead people to consider or attempt suicide. BDD is often not diagnosed until 10 to 15 years after it develops, largely because it takes time for people to realize their feelings are not normal. But early detection makes a significant difference in quality of life as it allows people to take measures to prevent BDD from getting worse. The primary treatment for BDD is therapy, which often involves teaching the patient to challenge negative thoughts as they come. Some doctors may also prescribe antidepressants (开抗抑郁药). Plastic surgery is not effective at making people with BDD feel better. In fact, the changes in appearance brought about by surgery often compound the problem. If someone you know has BDD, assuring them that they look good will probably not help. Instead, listen patiently and encourage them to seek treatment. And if you think you have BDD, consult a doctor or a trusted friend. The earlier the problem is addressed, the better. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】BDD is a condition where people can’t accept their negative physical features. It can lead to extreme behaviors and affect their life. However, BDD is hard to diagnose, but early detection and treatment is crucial, involving therapy and medication, rather than plastic surgery. Therefore, anyone with BDD is advised to seek treatment as early as possible. (56 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，BDD是一种人们无法接受自己负面身体特征的状态。它会导致极端的行为，影响他们的生活。然而，BDD很难诊断，但早期发现和治疗至关重要，包括治疗和药物治疗，而不是整形手术。因此，建议任何患有BDD的人尽早寻求治疗。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Many people can comfortably live with these characteristics, but for some, their negative body image significantly affects their daily lives. The latter group are said to have body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). ②People with BDD often try to alter these features by exercising, changing their hairstyle, using skin care products or even getting plastic surgery. People with BDD sometimes pick at their skin or constantly comb (梳) their hair; at its worst, BDD can lead people to consider or attempt suicide. ③BDD is often not diagnosed until 10 to 15 years after it develops, largely because it takes time for people to realize their feelings are not normal. But early detection makes a significant difference in quality of life as it allows people to take measures to prevent BDD from getting worse. ④And if you think you have BDD, consult a doctor or a trusted friend. The earlier the problem is addressed, the better. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 BDD is a condition where people can’t accept their negative physical features. It can lead to extreme behaviors and affect their life. However, BDD is hard to diagnose, but early detection and treatment is crucial, involving therapy and medication, rather than plastic surgery. Therefore, anyone with BDD is advised to seek treatment as early as possible. 【点睛】[高分句型1] BDD is a condition where people can’t accept their negative physical features.运用where引导定语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] However, BDD is hard to diagnose, but early detection and treatment is crucial, involving therapy and medication, rather than plastic surgery.用现在分词作状语对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 8．（24-25高三上·上海杨浦·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Smart Paint to Heat or Cool Scientists in the US have developed a special paint that offers a simple and colorful way to prevent houses from overheating. Normally, the exterior of a house absorbs heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature. The new paint, however, is engineered to reflect the sun’s heat off the outside of the house, which means the interior doesn’t heat up as much in the first place. There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see but that people feel as warmth. The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun’s mid- infrared light. That’s 10 times more than regular paint. The base layer of the paint contains metal flakes that function like a mirror to reflect mid-infrared light. The top layer contains color particles, which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions. Nearly 90% of all US households use air-conditioning, which requires a lot of electricity. In fact, cooling residences accounts for 6% of all electricity use in the US and costs Americans about $29 Billion a year. Preventing homes from heating up as much will reduce the need for air-conditioning to pump cool air into the building. In addition to cooling a house in hot summer months, the paint can also keep a home warm in the winter. When it is used on the walls indoors, it reflects the mid-infrared light back into the room, keeping the warmth in. According to the paint’s creators, using it can reduce the amount of energy it takes to cool a house by nearly 21%. In cold conditions, it can cut the energy needed to warm a room by 36%. All is good news not only for people who care about the environment but also for those worrying about their electricity or heating bills. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A smart paint, developed by scientists can help keep homes cool by reflecting sunlight off the exteriors and keep homes warm when used on indoor walls. It is more effective than regular paints, focusing on mid- infrared light. Besides being waterproof, the paint comes in different colors. Using the paint is beneficial to the environment and can lower energy expenses. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一种由科学家开发的智能涂料可以通过反射外部的阳光来帮助保持房屋凉爽，并且当用于室内墙壁时可以保持房屋温暖。它比普通涂料更有效，专注于中红外光。除了防水，这种油漆还有多种颜色。使用这种涂料有利于环境，可以降低能源消耗。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Scientists in the US have developed a special paint that offers a simple and colorful way to prevent houses from overheating. ②Normally, the exterior of a house absorbs heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature. ③There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see but that people feel as warmth. ④The top layer contains color particles, which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. ⑤The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions. ⑥All is good news not only for people who care about the environment but also for those worrying about their electricity or heating bills. 2.缜密构思 将第3、6两个要点进行重组，将第1、2和4、5几个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 A smart paint developed by scientists can help keep homes cool by reflecting sunlight from the outside and keep them warm when applied to interior walls. It is more effective than regular paint and focuses on mid-infrared light. In addition to being waterproof, the paint comes in a variety of colors. Using this paint is good for the environment and can reduce energy consumption. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A smart paint, developed by scientists can help keep homes cool by reflecting sunlight off the exteriors and keep homes warm when used on indoor walls. (运用了过去分词作后置定语和when引导的时间状语从句的省略) [高分句型2] Using the paint is beneficial to the environment and can lower energy expenses. (运用了动名词短语作主语) 9．（24-25高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Find Your New Favourite Hobby “Challenging, fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make us happier and healthier,” says Kate Hanselman with a laugh, and that’s why her home is a grand hobby exhibition — fencing equipment, multiple pairs of rock-climbing shoes, yarn everywhere for knitting… Research has proved that hobbies help people in creative, physical, and intellectual ways. The only questions is: how can we find our new favorite hobby? Matthew J. Zawazki, a professor of health psychology advises that we ask ourselves how we want an activity to make us feel. “Mentally engaged? Distracted? Relaxed? Socially connected? It’s helpful to consider what your life is missing and recognizing these needs matters,” says Matthew. Hobbies present an escape as they help us calm down, so figuring out the answers to the above questions can be vital. Rebecca Weiler, a mental health adviser warns us not to invest a ton of time and money in a new hobby immediately. “Always ease in to figure out if it’s right for you,” she says, “You can always do more later.” So, if you’re taking an interest in pottery, sign up to do a one-time class rather than a set of eight. Besides, she adds that it’s smart to resist the pressure to overcommit. “You spend enough of your day pushing yourself, but hobbies are supposed to be fun. So you can stop anytime as long as you don’t like a certain part in your hobby.” Katina Bajaj, a clinic psychology researcher, wants to remind us of our childhood. “When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up? The answer could point you towards an appealing hobby,” according to Katina. Revisiting activities we loved when young is really helpful to start with because it allows you to feel comfortable. Childhood joys can easily develop into adult hobbies. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Possible version 1: Hobbies benefit people in multiple ways so professionals in related fields give tips on how to find new hobbies. One way is to identify the feelings we want from the activity by finding out our missing needs. Another is to start small and invest more later. Meanwhile, avoid pushing yourself to overcommitment. Finally, revisiting the favourite childhood activities also helps. Possible version 2: Studies show that hobbies bring creative, physical, and intellectual benefits. To find a new favourite hobby professor Matthew suggests that we can consider what we miss and need in life. Adviser Rebecca wants us to slow down and not to overcommit because hobbies should be fun. Researcher Katina advises that childhood joys can be potential answers for adult hobbies. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了如何找到新的爱好，建议通过自我反思了解需求，逐步尝试，避免过度投入，并考虑童年兴趣，以找到既有趣又适合自己的活动。（具体分析以第一个版本为例） 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Research has proved that hobbies help people in creative, physical, and intellectual ways. ②The only questions is: how can we find our new favorite hobby? ③Matthew J. Zawazki, a professor of health psychology advises that we ask ourselves how we want an activity to make us feel. ④It’s helpful to consider what your life is missing and recognizing these needs matters. ⑤Rebecca Weiler, a mental health adviser warns us not to invest a ton of time and money in a new hobby immediately. ⑥Besides, she adds that it’s smart to resist the pressure to overcommit. ⑦Revisiting activities we loved when young is really helpful to start with because it allows you to feel comfortable. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，说明兴趣使人受益，引出专家的建议；将第3、4两个要点进行整合，概括第一个专家的建议；将第5、6两个要点进行整合，概括第二个专家的建议；将第7个要点进行重组，概括第三个专家的建议。 3. 遣词造句 Hobbies benefit people in multiple ways so professionals in related fields give tips on how to find new hobbies. One way is to identify the feelings we want from the activity by finding out our missing needs. Another is to start small and invest more later. Meanwhile, avoid pushing yourself to overcommitment. Finally, revisiting the favourite childhood activities also helps. 【点睛】[高分句型1] One way is to identify the feelings we want from the activity by finding out our missing needs. (运用了不定式作表语、关系代词引导限制性定语从句并被省略、动名词作宾语) [高分句型2] Finally, revisiting the favourite childhood activities also helps. (运用了动名词作主语) 10．（24-25高三上·上海静安·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Hard times uplift human societies’ resilience(韧性) The old saying may be true: What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. At least that’s the case for human civilizations across 30,000 years of history, according to a new study published in Nature. The study found that, across the globe, ancient human societies that experienced serious setbacks were also quick to bounce back from future downturns. Historians and archaeologists have published many case studies on individual societal crises and human reactions, but it’s hard to compare these experiences from different eras and places. This study pulled together data from 16 separate sites around the globe, spanning from South Africa to Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ago. To determine downturns and recoveries, the researchers used a method called dates-as-data. They drew information from organic materials dug from the sites whose ages could be told based on the decay of carbon-14, a radioactive form of carbon. Through the study of the materials, it was found that farmers were most possible victims of disasters, since one bad weather or a dry season could mean immediate risk. And farmers, either out of luck or because they had some sort of technology, got over the crises. As a result, they passed down the experience and the aspect of culture that could enable their descendants to do better next time. It explains why these agricultural groups performed well in the future downturns and the agricultural societies were always well positioned to recover from disasters. Whether modern humans can pull directly from these lessons is less certain. All of the societies in the study were pre-industrial and might have little in common with today’s global order. However, the method to compare societies to look for patterns is important for modern people. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A study found ancient societies suffering from crises recovered quickly from future setbacks. The research studied multiple sites across time and space. Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which found farmers, the primary disaster victims, somehow survived and the experiences benefited their descendants for future quick recoveries. The comparing methodology of the study is valuable today. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一项研究发现，遭受危机的古代社会很快就能从未来的挫折中恢复过来。这项研究研究了跨越时间和空间的多个地点。采用日期作为数据的方法对收集的样本进行了年龄测定，结果发现，作为主要受害者的农民以某种方式幸存下来，这些经历使他们的后代受益，有助于未来的快速恢复。这项研究的比较方法在今天是有价值的。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①At least that’s the case for human civilizations across 30,000 years of history, according to a new study published in Nature. The study found that, across the globe, ancient human societies that experienced serious setbacks were also quick to bounce back from future downturns. ②Historians and archaeologists have published many case studies on individual societal crises and human reactions, but it’s hard to compare these experiences from different eras and places. This study pulled together data from 16 separate sites around the globe, spanning from South Africa to Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ago. ③To determine downturns and recoveries, the researchers used a method called dates-as-data. Through the study of the materials, it was found that farmers were most possible victims of disasters, since one bad weather or a dry season could mean immediate risk. It explains why these agricultural groups performed well in the future downturns and the agricultural societies were always well positioned to recover from disasters. ④However, the method to compare societies to look for patterns is important for modern people. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 A study found ancient societies suffering from crises recovered quickly from future setbacks. The research studied multiple sites across time and space. Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which found farmers, the primary disaster victims, somehow survived and the experiences benefited their descendants for future quick recoveries. The comparing methodology of the study is valuable today. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A study found ancient societies suffering from crises recovered quickly from future setbacks.用现在分词作后置定语对第一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 [高分句型2] Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which found farmers, the primary disaster victims, somehow survived and the experiences benefited their descendants for future quick recoveries.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文第四段进行了概括。 11．（2025·上海虹口·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How Green is the Paris Olympic Games? The organizers of the Paris Olympic Games have promised to make the Games the most sustainable in the decades since climate change became a concern. But how did it work? On the plus side, organizers have been serious in their efforts to educe carbon emissions. They measured the expected carbon footprint of the Games, reduced emissions through energy efficiencies and limited new construction by using existing facilities. But, the sustainability efforts in Paris have not all been smooth sailing. The Seine is scheduled to host marathon swimming. But despite spending 1.4 billion euros trying to clean the river, French authorities have achieved inconsistent results: Water tests in June still showed high levels of pollutants. The Paris organizers had also hoped to rely on a cooling system that pump cold water beneath the village’s floors. That technology was expected to reduce the carbon impact by 45 percent. Bur, eventually, they gave up their ambition to avoid using conventional air-conditioning in the Olympic Village, installing some 2,500 temporary air-conditioning units. For years, the organizers all promised the Games would be “climate positive.” But, whatever efforts were taken, none of them could really achieve sustainability as long as millions of tourists flew into the host city. Organizers of the Rio Olympics in 2016 estimated that more than 40% of the carbon emissions came from international spectators. This year, with tickets available on a central platform globally, the number of international visitors was beyond control. For all the efforts in Paris to reduce the carbon impact of the games, some of which have been considerable, the scale of future Games must be rethought. Jules Boykoff, who has written extensively about the Olympic Games, rightly argues that “the Games need to reduce their size”. It wouldn’t solve everything, but it would make these events more sustainable. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Paris Olympic Games fell short of its sustainability goals. Efforts to reduce carbon emissions faced setbacks, including pollution in the Seine, the need for temporary air-conditioning units in the Olympic Village and the uncontrolled number of international visitors. Scaling down future Games for greater sustainability might be a possible solution. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，巴黎奥运会未能实现其可持续发展目标。减少碳排放的努力遇到了挫折，包括塞纳河的污染、奥运村对临时空调设备的需求以及无法控制的国际游客数量。缩小未来奥运会的规模以获得更大的可持续性可能是一种解决方案。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①But, the sustainability efforts in Paris have not all been smooth sailing.   ②But despite spending 1.4 billion euros trying to clean the river, French authorities have achieved inconsistent results: Water tests in June still showed high levels of pollutants. ③Bur, eventually, they gave up their ambition to avoid using conventional air-conditioning in the Olympic Village, installing some 2,500 temporary air-conditioning units. ④But, whatever efforts were taken, none of them could really achieve sustainability as long as millions of tourists flew into the host city. ⑤For all the efforts in Paris to reduce the carbon impact of the games, some of which have been considerable, the scale of future Games must be rethought. ⑥Jules Boykoff, who has written extensively about the Olympic Games, rightly argues that “the Games need to reduce their size”. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4和5、6几个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The Paris Olympics failed to meet its sustainable development goals. Efforts to reduce carbon emissions have run into setbacks, including pollution of the Seine River, the need for temporary air conditioning units in the Olympic village and uncontrollable numbers of international visitors. Downsizing future Olympics for greater sustainability could be one solution. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Efforts to reduce carbon emissions faced setbacks, including pollution in the Seine, the need for temporary air-conditioning units in the Olympic Village and the uncontrolled number of international visitors.对原文二、三、四段进行了概括，运用了不定式作名词Efforts的后置定语。 [高分句型2] Scaling down future Games for greater sustainability might be a possible solution. 对原文最后一段进行了概括，运用了动名词作主语。 12．（2025·上海浦东新·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why can’t adults talk normally to babies? In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese”, and is a unique way of communicating with babies. It often involves using repetitive and exaggerated sounds, such as “cooing” and “goo-goo,” along with using diminutive words like “baby,” “binky,” or “blankie.” Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What’s the point of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies? Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we’d talk to another adult, or even a 5-year-old child? Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby’s attention. The dramatic vocalizations and facial expressions serve to engage the child’s focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the baby. Remember, the brain of a newborn baby is still developing and needs different cues to engage and learn something. Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The gentle tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving him a sense of security. Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for this lively vocalization. Babies clearly prefer it when we “ooh” and “coo”. The study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have an inborn love for baby talk. Baby talk tells the infants, “Hey! This speech is only for you, since you’re special,” and who doesn’t love that? It melts their sweet little hearts and warms ours. To support your baby’s development, try using baby talk regularly. Use a playful tone, make eye contact, and emphasize key words. These simple actions strengthen bonds and work a lot for their development. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Adults use baby talk, a distinctive speech, to engage with babies for several reasons. First, it captures their attention through expressive facial expressions and vocalizations. Second, it builds emotional bonds, providing a sense of security. Research indicates that babies, regardless of cultural background, instinctively prefer baby talk. So make it part of your interaction. (54 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成年人使用婴儿语（一种独特的语言）与婴儿互动有几个原因。首先，它通过富有表现力的面部表情和发声来吸引他们的注意力。其次，它建立情感纽带，提供安全感。研究表明，无论文化背景如何，婴儿本能地喜欢婴儿语。所以让它成为你们互动的一部分。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese”, and is a unique way of communicating with babies. Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What’s the point of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies? ②Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby’s attention. The dramatic vocalizations and facial expressions serve to engage the child’s focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the baby. ③Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The gentle tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving him a sense of security. ④Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for this lively vocalization. Babies clearly prefer it when we “ooh” and “coo”. To support your baby’s development, try using baby talk regularly. Use a playful tone, make eye contact, and emphasize key words. These simple actions strengthen bonds and work a lot for their development. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Adults use baby talk, a distinctive speech, to engage with babies for several reasons. First, it captures their attention through expressive facial expressions and vocalizations. Second, it builds emotional bonds, providing a sense of security. Research indicates that babies, regardless of cultural background, instinctively prefer baby talk. So make it part of your interaction. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Second, it builds emotional bonds, providing a sense of security.运用现在分词作状语对原文第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Research indicates that babies, regardless of cultural background, instinctively prefer baby talk.运用了that引导宾语从句对倒数第二段段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 13．（2025·上海闵行·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Enjoy Small Treats without Guilt In today’s fast-paced world, it’s easy to feel guilty about taking time for ourselves. Whether it’s treating ourselves to a sweet treat, watching an episode of our favorite TV show, or buying something we don’t really need, we often associate these “guilty pleasures” with negative feelings. But what if we stopped feeling guilty? What if we enjoyed these small treats as part of our self-care routine? Life is all about balance. We work hard and manage responsibilities but we sometimes forget to take care of our mental well-being. Small pleasures, when done mindfully, can actually contribute to a healthier and more balanced life. They provide us with a chance to relax, recharge, and enjoy life’s little moments. There’s a difference between self-care and overdoing it. Self-care is about doing things that restore us; while going too far can lead to negative consequences. The key is moderation. For example, treating yourself to a chocolate bar after a long week isn’t a problem — it’s a form of self-care, a small act of kindness to yourself. But if we do this every day and it gets out of hand. then it might lead to guilt or other issues. Guilt is a major barrier to enjoying small treats. We often feel as though we don’t deserve a treat, or that we should always be working toward something bigger. But taking time to enjoy life is not a luxury — it’s necessary. Accepting guilty pleasures without guilt can actually improve our productivity and mental health. A relaxed and happy mind is far more effective than one filled with stress. So next time you feel tempted to treat yourself, remember that it’s okay. Life is too short not to enjoy the little things — so go ahead and embrace your guilty pleasures. You deserve it! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Life requires balance, and small pleasures help us recharge and enjoy it. The key is enjoying pleasures in moderation, while too much can cause problems. It's necessary to treat ourselves without guilt, which makes us more productive and mentally healthier. So, treat ourselves to small pleasures we deserve. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。我们常常会对一些小的享受感到内疚，但我们真的需要这样吗？生活需要平衡，小的快乐帮助我们充电并生活。关键是要适度地享受这些快乐，因为过度则可能带来问题。我们需要无内疚地享受这些小快乐，这能让我们更有生产力心理更健康。所以，享受我们应得的小快乐吧。 【详解】要点摘录 ①In today’s fast-paced world, it’s easy to feel guilty about taking time for ourselves. ②But what if we stopped feeling guilty? What if we enjoyed these small treats as part of our self-care routine? ③Life is all about balance. ④Small pleasures, when done mindfully, can actually contribute to a healthier and more balanced life. They provide us with a chance to relax, recharge, and enjoy life’s little moments. ⑤The key is moderation. ⑥But if we do this every day and it gets out of hand. then it might lead to guilt or other issues. ⑦Accepting guilty pleasures without guilt can actually improve our productivity and mental health. A relaxed and happy mind is far more effective than one filled with stress. ⑧Life is too short not to enjoy the little things — so go ahead and embrace your guilty pleasures. You deserve it! 缜密构思 将第1、2要点合并，将第3、4要点整合，将5、6、7总结，将8总结。 遣词造句 Life requires balance, and small pleasures help us recharge and enjoy it. The key is enjoying pleasures in moderation, while too much can cause problems. It's necessary to treat ourselves without guilt, which makes us more productive and mentally healthier. So, treat ourselves to small pleasures we deserve. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The key is enjoying pleasures in moderation, while too much can cause problems. 使用while引导的并列句。 [高分句型2] It's necessary to treat ourselves without guilt, which makes us more productive and mentally healthier. 使用which引导的非限制性定语从句。 重难语篇拔高练 14．（2025·上海宝山·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. When we talk, we typically expect others to listen. But when someone else is speaking, are we extending them the same courtesy? Listening well doesn’t come naturally to most people. Because most of us live in a busy world, we concentrate on certain things and tune out the rest. This also means we often don’t really pay attention to what people are saying. One way to listen with more care and attention is to practice active listening. Active listening is focusing on what someone is communicating and reflecting your understanding in response. Active listening is not only hearing someone’s words but also taking note of their nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication can include body language, the tone of a speaker’s voice and their talking speed. By practicing active listening, we can hold onto important information better and show care to others. This useful skill makes others want to discuss things with us.   To get better at active listening, give the speaker your complete attention. Although this may seem obvious, it is easier said than done. Setting aside your devices and clearing your mind of your own thoughts are good first steps. By avoiding those, it’s easier to give your complete attention to the speaker. Another way to practice active listening is to be aware of body language. Research shows that 55 percent of face-to-face communication is nonverbal, 38 percent vocal and seven percent words. When someone is speaking, their body language is giving information, too. With that in mind, you can give appropriate responses like nodding, smiling or keeping eye contact. A key part of active listening is asking questions and clarifying your understanding. By repeating the speaker’s message in your own words, you show understanding. And if there’s a misunderstanding, the speaker can correct you. Asking relevant questions also helps you completely understand the other person. They will feel encouraged by your attention. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 It’s about how to become an active listener. On one hand, concentrating on what the speaker is saying and his nonverbal communication such as body language, tone and speed instead of devices. On the other hand, giving an active response is also important like nodding, smiling etc. Finally, interacting with the speaker can help avoid misunderstanding. 【导语】本文的文体是说明文。文章主要介绍了主动倾听的重要性、含义、方法以及如何通过实践来提高主动倾听的能力。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①One way to listen with more care and attention is to practice active listening. ②Active listening is not only hearing someone’s words but also taking note of their nonverbal communication. ③Nonverbal communication can include body language, the tone of a speaker’s voice and their talking speed. ④Setting aside your devices and clearing your mind of your own thoughts are good first steps. ⑤With that in mind, you can give appropriate responses like nodding, smiling or keeping eye contact. ⑥A key part of active listening is asking questions and clarifying your understanding. 2. 缜密构思 将①进行重组，将第2、3、4句进行整合，第5、6句进行整合。 3. 遣词造句 On one hand, concentrating on what the speaker is saying and his nonverbal communication such as body language, tone and speed instead of devices. On the other hand, giving an active response is also important like nodding, smiling etc. Finally, interacting with the speaker can help avoid misunderstanding. 【点睛】[高分句型1]On one hand, concentrating on what the speaker is saying and his nonverbal communication such as body language, tone and speed instead of devices.(what引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2]On the other hand, giving an active response is also important like nodding, smiling etc.(动名词作主语) 15．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Make a Good Video Resumé (简历)? Video resumés have been around for a long time. With a well-made video resumé, you can present yourself creatively and allow a hiring manager to assess your personality, thus giving you an opportunity for interview. But how to make a good video resumé? First, start by introducing yourself and addressing the company you are applying to. For example, “Hello InVideo, I’m John Doe”. Not only does this get their attention but it makes them feel prioritized. The next thing is to address what profession you’re in or desire to be in. If you’re a filmmaker, you can simply state that or be creative with words and say you’re a visual storyteller. Then, talk about your passion for what you do and support it by referring to your past experiences and work. For example, building on the filmmaker’s introduction, you could talk about how meeting people from around the world and sharing their stories deeply motivates you, and then you can share an experience that supports it. You can also focus on life experiences that have led you to cultivate skills-like taking a year off to travel abroad, volunteering at a shelter, or a hobby that you actively pursue. You can also speak about your special achievements and awards that will add value to your profile or you can get someone to speak on behalf of you as social proof. At the end of the video, leave the ball in their court. However, you also need to give them a reason to call you for an interview. For example, you could end the video with this — “I have a lot more to me than I could fit in this short video and I hope you give me a chance to tell you about it over an interview”. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】   Video resumés offer a creative way to show personality and skills. Begin your video resumé by introducing yourself, addressing the company, and stating your profession or desired role. Then discuss your passion and back it with past experiences, life skills, achievements or recommendations. Conclude by inviting an interview, emphasizing there’s more to share.(53 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，视频简历提供了一种展示个性和技能的创造性方式。视频简历的开头包括自我介绍、公司名称、职业或期望的职位。然后讨论你的激情，用过去的经历、生活技能、成就或推荐来支持它。最后邀请面试，强调有更多的东西可以分享。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①With a well-made video resumé, you can present yourself creatively and allow a hiring manager to assess your personality, thus giving you an opportunity for interview. ②First, start by introducing yourself and addressing the company you are applying to. ③The next thing is to address what profession you’re in or desire to be in. ④Then, talk about your passion for what you do and support it by referring to your past experiences and work. ⑤However, you also need to give them a reason to call you for an interview. For example, you could end the video with this — “I have a lot more to me than I could fit in this short video and I hope you give me a chance to tell you about it over an interview”. 2.缜密构思 将第1、4、5几个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Video resumes offer a creative way to showcase your personality and skills. Start your resume with an introduction of yourself, the name of your company, and your occupation or desired position. Then discuss your passion and back it up with past experiences, life skills, accomplishments, or recommendations. Finally invite for an interview, emphasizing that you have more to share. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Video resumés offer a creative way to show personality and skills. (运用了不定式作后置定语对一段内容进行总结) [高分句型2]Conclude by inviting an interview, emphasizing there’s more to share. (运用了现在分词作状语和省略连接代词that的宾语从句对最后一段内容进行总结) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题10 概要写作10篇 (上海市高考模拟) 基础语篇巩固练 1．（24-25高三下·上海金山·阶段练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Psychological issues of astronauts Long-duration space travel can have an impact on your mental well-being. Astronauts often report problems with sleeplessness and loss of appetite, and it can be hard to find any privacy in the craft. Crews also have to be carefully selected to make sure that every member is easygoing — there is the constant threat of something going wrong, and you can’t risk astronauts annoying each other too much. It’s not like you can settle an argument by avoiding each other or stepping outside for some air! And the signal delay time of up to 40 minutes will mean that you’ll not even be able to talk to anyone on Earth — all contact will be by email or video message. These psychological issues are tricky to detect early on, and when you’re investigating the effects on group cohesion it’s hard to think of scientific ways to measure the outcome. While medical tests might be able to reveal the physiological effects of spaceflight on your body, people might be less likely to self-report on psychological stresses or problems they are encountering. One of the best ways of studying psychological effects is in similarly isolated situations back on Earth. Dr Beth Healey has spent more than a year on the Concordia Station in the icy depths of Antaretica, as a research doctor. During a polar winter you don’t see sunshine for three months, and no departure is possible even in an emergency. In one of Healey’s experiments, she got the crew to wear trackers. These monitored how mobile each person was, and who they interacted with. “This provided valuable information regarding how group dynamics changed over time and could identify critical time points in the mission where crew members may be more likely to isolate themselves or seek out social interaction, or when conflicts were most likely to occur,” she says. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（2025·上海·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Inside the NFL Football Factory Cheering for your football team as they throw a long pass is a classic American tradition that started in the late 1800s. Today’s footballs, often called “pigskins,” are no longer made from pig bladders. They are made from cowhide leather with rubber inside. Even though the materials have changed, the shape and size of NFL footballs have stayed the same for over 100 years. Dr. Rabindra Mehta, a former NASA scientist, explains that a football is designed to be more aerodynamic than a baseball. Footballs are made from four pieces of leather, shaped like leaves and sewn together inside out. The leather is then steamed to make it soft enough to turn right-side out. An air bladder is inserted, and the football is laced by hand. A football isn’t a perfect sphere (球体) but a prolate spheroid, which means it’s oval-shaped with pointed ends. This shape makes it easier to grasp and helps the ball travel longer distances. The surface of the football, including the texture of the leather, the stitching, and the laces, helps the air flow stay attached longer, reducing drag compared to a round object like a baseball. When a baseball flies through the air, the air bends around it, creating drag that slows it down. Golf balls have dimples on their surface to reduce drag. Similarly, the textured surface and curved shape of a football help create a turbulent (湍流的) layer of air around it, allowing air to stay attached longer and reducing drag. MIT professor Anette Hosoi says it’s hard to predict drag on objects like footballs. Drag depends on the shape of the air behind the ball, which changes with the ball’s position, speed, and surface texture. Air temperature also affects drag; warmer air is less dense, so footballs may fly farther on warmer days. A football thrown with a tight spiral (螺旋形) is fun to watch. The spin of the ball stays aligned with the direction it’s moving, just like a bullet. This skill is what makes quarterbacks so impressive. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（2025·上海长宁·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The role of siblings(兄弟姐妹) It’s common knowledge that the family a child grows up in has a huge influence on the child’s attitudes, beliefs and mental health. People usually think that the child’s parents are responsible for this influence, but relationships with brothers and sisters are just as important. Siblings provide children with a unique opportunity to practice interacting with their peers, rather than authority figures. Although friendships can have similar effects, relationships with siblings offer some unique advantages. During childhood, siblings see each other every day and spend more time with each other than with anyone else, sharing experiences that last all their lives. Siblings are also forced to persevere in their relationships with each other even if they have a falling out. This forces children to practice conflict resolution skills since they cannot leave the familial relationship, as they could with a friend. But a sibling relationship also offers a safe place to discuss difficult topics without fear of abandonment. Moreover, older siblings often teach their younger brothers and sisters about life. They can convey useful skills and advice, but they can also set bad examples, leading their younger siblings to do things that are wrong or foolish. Once children grow up, they do not see their siblings as often as before since they usually no longer live together. Maintaining sibling relationships now takes work, and if siblings do not get along, they can avoid each other. But many sibling relationships improve in young adulthood as the siblings mature. Sometimes the distance helps siblings enjoy each other’s company when they do meet. Relationships between siblings vary depending on the ages and personalities of the children involved. Even the best sibling relationships involve some disagreements, but a strong relationship can survive such conflicts. Considering the role of siblings throughout our lives, it’s critical to take the time to cultivate positive relationships with siblings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（2025·上海青浦·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.  Use your own words as far as possible. The Tchaikovsky Cure for Worry The 19th-century Russian composer Tchaikovsky was not a happy man. In his 5,365 letters to friends and family, we find constant references to his sadness and anxiety. He had just one, temporary pain reliever for his misery: “… a new idea awakens in me and begins to assume a definite form.” Tchaikovsky’s experience is not abnormal. Modern research in neuroscience (神经科学) and psychology reveals that active engagement in creative pursuits is an effective way to gain relief from negative emotions and see the world in a much more positive way. At a time when mood disorders are exploding and less than a third of U.S. adults believe that they are living up to their creative potential, this might be the simplest, easiest, and most natural way for anyone to improve their life. Neuroscientific research offers explanations of how creativity might lower negative emotion, and anxiety in particular. In a fascinating 2015 study, neuroscientists observed people as they wrote poetry. They found that during the idea-generation phase of writing, the medial prefrontal cortex (前额叶内侧皮层) is especially active. This is the same part of the brain that is activated during meditation (an activity in which people sit still and focus on their thoughts), which suggests that creative activity might have some of the same effects on stress as meditational exercises do — thus why some anxious people routinely use it to treat themselves. Yet, so many different creative outlets exist that the task of finding one that fits your personality and tastes can be scary. One method I like to suggest, to help people find the ideal activity for them, is to start by categorizing creative pursuits as public or private and inventive or interpretive. All you need is to know your personality type and your preference. Outgoing people who prefer to interpret the works of others can try theater or classical music; people who are shy might prefer studying poetry. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（2025·上海普陀·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Price of Winning Fourteen-year-old Angus sits on the bench, watching his baseball team play. He’s out of the game because he made a mistake. For his coach, that's unacceptable — mistakes don’t win games. But for most teens, the focus on winning isn’t as important. In a recent study, 90% of teenagers said they would rather play and lose than sit on the sidelines and not play at all. For them, sports are about fun, learning, and being part of a team. However, for many coaches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfection from young players. Unfortunately, this pressure to win drives many kids away from organized sports early on. In competitive events, nearly every action a player makes is examined. Parents and coaches constantly shout instructions, sometimes yelling at kids for errors or missed shots. This intense environment doesn’t let kids make their own choices or learn from their mistakes. Instead of enjoying the game, young players feel watched and judged every second. They lose the freedom to explore their abilities and develop naturally as athletes and individuals. The emphasis on winning creates deeper issues, too. Many kids feel anxious because they’re only praised for scoring goals or winning races, not for trying hard or improving. Over time, this focus on results can harm their self-confidence, especially if they’re often benched. They start to believe they’re only valuable if they perform perfectly, which can make sports feel like a burden instead of a joy. Two months later, Angus is back playing baseball — but not on a team. He’s at the park with friends, playing just for fun, and he’s much happier. This raises an important question: How many potential champions will quit sports unless adults change their attitude? For young athletes to thrive, they need support and encouragement, not the pressure to always win. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．（2025·上海嘉定·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Challenging Unrealistic Beauty Standards In many cultures, body size has often been linked to success and happiness. For example, phrases like “you’ve fattened up” used to suggest someone was living well. However, modern times have shifted these ideas, especially with the rise of social media. Today, young people often feel pressured to follow narrow beauty standards, which favor slim figures, pale skin, and specific features. These ideals are everywhere online, making it hard for individuals to feel confident about their natural bodies. One concerning trend is the rise of “skinny enough” challenges on social media. These challenges include activities like wrapping arms around one’s waist, fitting knees behind an iPhone, or checking if their waistline is as thin as a piece of paper. Many young women participate in these trends to feel validated, but this often leads to harmful dieting and poor mental health. Additionally, the influence of pop culture, especially K-pop and Japanese media, adds to the problem by glorifying ultra-thin body types as the ideal. Fortunately, some influencers are working to challenge these harmful ideals. On a social media website, body-positive influencer Theresa uses her platform to encourage confidence and self-acceptance. She openly shares her own experiences of overcoming societal pressures, helping others see that beauty isn’t about meeting impossible standards. Similarly, Scarlett Hao, another influencer, promotes body diversity and inspires girls to accept their natural shapes. Her journey shows how confidence and self-love can break down stereotypes (刻板印象) about beauty. Although social media continues to spread unrealistic images, influencers like Theresa and Scarlett are making an impact. They remind others that beauty comes in many forms and that self-worth isn’t defined by size or weight. As more people embrace these messages, society can shift toward a healthier and more positive understanding of body image. As the saying goes, “Love your body — it’s the only one you’ve got.” _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．（2025·上海崇明·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) Most humans have some physical characteristics that they wish they could change, such as a facial feature or extra fat. Many people can comfortably live with these characteristics, but for some, their negative body image significantly affects their daily lives. The latter group are said to have body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). They find some common aspects, including the face or stomach, impossible to accept. People with BDD often try to alter these features by exercising, changing their hairstyle, using skin care products or even getting plastic surgery. Or they may try to hide the features under clothing or makeup. They may look at mirrors constantly or avoid them altogether. They may ask others for reassurance (安慰) that they look OK but not believe that reassurance when it comes. People with BDD sometimes pick at their skin or constantly comb (梳) their hair; at its worst, BDD can lead people to consider or attempt suicide. BDD is often not diagnosed until 10 to 15 years after it develops, largely because it takes time for people to realize their feelings are not normal. But early detection makes a significant difference in quality of life as it allows people to take measures to prevent BDD from getting worse. The primary treatment for BDD is therapy, which often involves teaching the patient to challenge negative thoughts as they come. Some doctors may also prescribe antidepressants (开抗抑郁药). Plastic surgery is not effective at making people with BDD feel better. In fact, the changes in appearance brought about by surgery often compound the problem. If someone you know has BDD, assuring them that they look good will probably not help. Instead, listen patiently and encourage them to seek treatment. And if you think you have BDD, consult a doctor or a trusted friend. The earlier the problem is addressed, the better. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．（24-25高三上·上海杨浦·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Smart Paint to Heat or Cool Scientists in the US have developed a special paint that offers a simple and colorful way to prevent houses from overheating. Normally, the exterior of a house absorbs heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature. The new paint, however, is engineered to reflect the sun’s heat off the outside of the house, which means the interior doesn’t heat up as much in the first place. There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see but that people feel as warmth. The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun’s mid- infrared light. That’s 10 times more than regular paint. The base layer of the paint contains metal flakes that function like a mirror to reflect mid-infrared light. The top layer contains color particles, which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions. Nearly 90% of all US households use air-conditioning, which requires a lot of electricity. In fact, cooling residences accounts for 6% of all electricity use in the US and costs Americans about $29 Billion a year. Preventing homes from heating up as much will reduce the need for air-conditioning to pump cool air into the building. In addition to cooling a house in hot summer months, the paint can also keep a home warm in the winter. When it is used on the walls indoors, it reflects the mid-infrared light back into the room, keeping the warmth in. According to the paint’s creators, using it can reduce the amount of energy it takes to cool a house by nearly 21%. In cold conditions, it can cut the energy needed to warm a room by 36%. All is good news not only for people who care about the environment but also for those worrying about their electricity or heating bills. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．（24-25高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Find Your New Favourite Hobby “Challenging, fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make us happier and healthier,” says Kate Hanselman with a laugh, and that’s why her home is a grand hobby exhibition — fencing equipment, multiple pairs of rock-climbing shoes, yarn everywhere for knitting… Research has proved that hobbies help people in creative, physical, and intellectual ways. The only questions is: how can we find our new favorite hobby? Matthew J. Zawazki, a professor of health psychology advises that we ask ourselves how we want an activity to make us feel. “Mentally engaged? Distracted? Relaxed? Socially connected? It’s helpful to consider what your life is missing and recognizing these needs matters,” says Matthew. Hobbies present an escape as they help us calm down, so figuring out the answers to the above questions can be vital. Rebecca Weiler, a mental health adviser warns us not to invest a ton of time and money in a new hobby immediately. “Always ease in to figure out if it’s right for you,” she says, “You can always do more later.” So, if you’re taking an interest in pottery, sign up to do a one-time class rather than a set of eight. Besides, she adds that it’s smart to resist the pressure to overcommit. “You spend enough of your day pushing yourself, but hobbies are supposed to be fun. So you can stop anytime as long as you don’t like a certain part in your hobby.” Katina Bajaj, a clinic psychology researcher, wants to remind us of our childhood. “When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up? The answer could point you towards an appealing hobby,” according to Katina. Revisiting activities we loved when young is really helpful to start with because it allows you to feel comfortable. Childhood joys can easily develop into adult hobbies. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．（24-25高三上·上海静安·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Hard times uplift human societies’ resilience(韧性) The old saying may be true: What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. At least that’s the case for human civilizations across 30,000 years of history, according to a new study published in Nature. The study found that, across the globe, ancient human societies that experienced serious setbacks were also quick to bounce back from future downturns. Historians and archaeologists have published many case studies on individual societal crises and human reactions, but it’s hard to compare these experiences from different eras and places. This study pulled together data from 16 separate sites around the globe, spanning from South Africa to Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ago. To determine downturns and recoveries, the researchers used a method called dates-as-data. They drew information from organic materials dug from the sites whose ages could be told based on the decay of carbon-14, a radioactive form of carbon. Through the study of the materials, it was found that farmers were most possible victims of disasters, since one bad weather or a dry season could mean immediate risk. And farmers, either out of luck or because they had some sort of technology, got over the crises. As a result, they passed down the experience and the aspect of culture that could enable their descendants to do better next time. It explains why these agricultural groups performed well in the future downturns and the agricultural societies were always well positioned to recover from disasters. Whether modern humans can pull directly from these lessons is less certain. All of the societies in the study were pre-industrial and might have little in common with today’s global order. However, the method to compare societies to look for patterns is important for modern people. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．（2025·上海虹口·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How Green is the Paris Olympic Games? The organizers of the Paris Olympic Games have promised to make the Games the most sustainable in the decades since climate change became a concern. But how did it work? On the plus side, organizers have been serious in their efforts to educe carbon emissions. They measured the expected carbon footprint of the Games, reduced emissions through energy efficiencies and limited new construction by using existing facilities. But, the sustainability efforts in Paris have not all been smooth sailing. The Seine is scheduled to host marathon swimming. But despite spending 1.4 billion euros trying to clean the river, French authorities have achieved inconsistent results: Water tests in June still showed high levels of pollutants. The Paris organizers had also hoped to rely on a cooling system that pump cold water beneath the village’s floors. That technology was expected to reduce the carbon impact by 45 percent. Bur, eventually, they gave up their ambition to avoid using conventional air-conditioning in the Olympic Village, installing some 2,500 temporary air-conditioning units. For years, the organizers all promised the Games would be “climate positive.” But, whatever efforts were taken, none of them could really achieve sustainability as long as millions of tourists flew into the host city. Organizers of the Rio Olympics in 2016 estimated that more than 40% of the carbon emissions came from international spectators. This year, with tickets available on a central platform globally, the number of international visitors was beyond control. For all the efforts in Paris to reduce the carbon impact of the games, some of which have been considerable, the scale of future Games must be rethought. Jules Boykoff, who has written extensively about the Olympic Games, rightly argues that “the Games need to reduce their size”. It wouldn’t solve everything, but it would make these events more sustainable. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12．（2025·上海浦东新·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why can’t adults talk normally to babies? In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese”, and is a unique way of communicating with babies. It often involves using repetitive and exaggerated sounds, such as “cooing” and “goo-goo,” along with using diminutive words like “baby,” “binky,” or “blankie.” Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What’s the point of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies? Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we’d talk to another adult, or even a 5-year-old child? Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby’s attention. The dramatic vocalizations and facial expressions serve to engage the child’s focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the baby. Remember, the brain of a newborn baby is still developing and needs different cues to engage and learn something. Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The gentle tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving him a sense of security. Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for this lively vocalization. Babies clearly prefer it when we “ooh” and “coo”. The study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have an inborn love for baby talk. Baby talk tells the infants, “Hey! This speech is only for you, since you’re special,” and who doesn’t love that? It melts their sweet little hearts and warms ours. To support your baby’s development, try using baby talk regularly. Use a playful tone, make eye contact, and emphasize key words. These simple actions strengthen bonds and work a lot for their development. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13．（2025·上海闵行·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Enjoy Small Treats without Guilt In today’s fast-paced world, it’s easy to feel guilty about taking time for ourselves. Whether it’s treating ourselves to a sweet treat, watching an episode of our favorite TV show, or buying something we don’t really need, we often associate these “guilty pleasures” with negative feelings. But what if we stopped feeling guilty? What if we enjoyed these small treats as part of our self-care routine? Life is all about balance. We work hard and manage responsibilities but we sometimes forget to take care of our mental well-being. Small pleasures, when done mindfully, can actually contribute to a healthier and more balanced life. They provide us with a chance to relax, recharge, and enjoy life’s little moments. There’s a difference between self-care and overdoing it. Self-care is about doing things that restore us; while going too far can lead to negative consequences. The key is moderation. For example, treating yourself to a chocolate bar after a long week isn’t a problem — it’s a form of self-care, a small act of kindness to yourself. But if we do this every day and it gets out of hand. then it might lead to guilt or other issues. Guilt is a major barrier to enjoying small treats. We often feel as though we don’t deserve a treat, or that we should always be working toward something bigger. But taking time to enjoy life is not a luxury — it’s necessary. Accepting guilty pleasures without guilt can actually improve our productivity and mental health. A relaxed and happy mind is far more effective than one filled with stress. So next time you feel tempted to treat yourself, remember that it’s okay. Life is too short not to enjoy the little things — so go ahead and embrace your guilty pleasures. You deserve it! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 重难语篇拔高练 14．（2025·上海宝山·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. When we talk, we typically expect others to listen. But when someone else is speaking, are we extending them the same courtesy? Listening well doesn’t come naturally to most people. Because most of us live in a busy world, we concentrate on certain things and tune out the rest. This also means we often don’t really pay attention to what people are saying. One way to listen with more care and attention is to practice active listening. Active listening is focusing on what someone is communicating and reflecting your understanding in response. Active listening is not only hearing someone’s words but also taking note of their nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication can include body language, the tone of a speaker’s voice and their talking speed. By practicing active listening, we can hold onto important information better and show care to others. This useful skill makes others want to discuss things with us.   To get better at active listening, give the speaker your complete attention. Although this may seem obvious, it is easier said than done. Setting aside your devices and clearing your mind of your own thoughts are good first steps. By avoiding those, it’s easier to give your complete attention to the speaker. Another way to practice active listening is to be aware of body language. Research shows that 55 percent of face-to-face communication is nonverbal, 38 percent vocal and seven percent words. When someone is speaking, their body language is giving information, too. With that in mind, you can give appropriate responses like nodding, smiling or keeping eye contact. A key part of active listening is asking questions and clarifying your understanding. By repeating the speaker’s message in your own words, you show understanding. And if there’s a misunderstanding, the speaker can correct you. Asking relevant questions also helps you completely understand the other person. They will feel encouraged by your attention. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Make a Good Video Resumé (简历)? Video resumés have been around for a long time. With a well-made video resumé, you can present yourself creatively and allow a hiring manager to assess your personality, thus giving you an opportunity for interview. But how to make a good video resumé? First, start by introducing yourself and addressing the company you are applying to. For example, “Hello InVideo, I’m John Doe”. Not only does this get their attention but it makes them feel prioritized. The next thing is to address what profession you’re in or desire to be in. If you’re a filmmaker, you can simply state that or be creative with words and say you’re a visual storyteller. Then, talk about your passion for what you do and support it by referring to your past experiences and work. For example, building on the filmmaker’s introduction, you could talk about how meeting people from around the world and sharing their stories deeply motivates you, and then you can share an experience that supports it. You can also focus on life experiences that have led you to cultivate skills-like taking a year off to travel abroad, volunteering at a shelter, or a hobby that you actively pursue. You can also speak about your special achievements and awards that will add value to your profile or you can get someone to speak on behalf of you as social proof. At the end of the video, leave the ball in their court. However, you also need to give them a reason to call you for an interview. For example, you could end the video with this — “I have a lot more to me than I could fit in this short video and I hope you give me a chance to tell you about it over an interview”. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$