2025年高考英语模拟预测卷01（北京卷）-【大题精做】冲刺2025年高考英语大题突破+限时集训（北京专用）

绝密★考试结束前 2025年高考模拟预测卷01（北京卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 Though new term had begun for weeks, the new girl Molly still remained 1 around her classmates. Now she was sitting at the picnic table alone. She seemed unsure of what to do or say, yet I could see her eyes longing for 2 . Brianna, the class clown, was standing near the playground making the other students laugh, as usual. “Brianna, Molly looks awfully 3 . Would you invite her to join us?” I said. Brianna sighed. I could tell that she was 4 to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew she was so sweet and kind. I had specifically 5 her for this task. She looked at her friends, then at Molly. Knowing this choice was 6 her, I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency(货币). I needed to 7 her cooperation. “Here, I’ll 8 you for your time.” She offered an insincere smile, grasped the green paper, and headed off. I watched closely as the girls talked. When they finally walked back together, I sighed with 9 . A minute later, Brianna came back and handed me the D-buck. “I shouldn’t keep this.” Her eyes fell to her feet, 10 radiating from her quiet voice. “I don’t want Molly to think I only went to get her so I could earn a D-buck. She’s my friend.” Then Brianna skipped back to amuse her classmates again, and who laughed for the first time that week? Molly. 1．A．satisfied B．surprised C．awkward D．ashamed 2．A．trust B．acceptance C．understanding D．respect 3．A．angry B．puzzled C．serious D．lonely 4．A．unwilling B．eager C．determined D．disappointed 5．A．studied B．selected C．supported D．examined 6．A．comforting B．warming C．paining D．protecting 7．A．consider B．permit C．check D．ensure 8．A．help B．pay C．prepare D．forgive 9．A．relief B．concern C．sorrow D．regret 10．A．excitement B．courage C．guilt D．impatience 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者请Brianna帮助新来的女孩Molly融入新的集体，并答应给Brianna班级的货币。Brianna与Molly聊天之后，成为了朋友，并内疚地把班级货币还给了作者。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然新学期已经开始了几个星期，但新来的女孩Molly在同学面前仍然感到很尴尬。A. satisfied感到满意的；B. surprised感到惊奇的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. ashamed惭愧的。根据下文““Brianna, Molly looks awfully ___3___.”可知，新来的Molly感到很尴尬，故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她似乎不知道该做什么或说什么，但我却看到她渴望被接纳的眼睛。A. trust信任；B. acceptance接受、接纳；C. understanding理解；D. respect尊敬。根据“Now she was sitting at the picnic table alone. She seemed unsure of what to do or say”可知，Molly刚到新的班级，认识新的同学，她不知道做什么和说什么，无法融入新的集体，故推知Molly渴望获得新同学的接纳和认可，故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brianna，Molly一个人看起来很孤独。A. angry生气的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. serious严肃的；D. lonely孤独的。根据上文“Now she was sitting at the picnic table alone.”可知，Molly独自坐着，所以她应该是看起来孤独的，故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brianna 叹了一口气。我看得出来，她不愿意做我要她做的事，但我也知道她是如此的善良。A. unwilling不愿意的；B. eager渴望的；C. determined决心的；D. disappointed感到失望的。根据上文“Brianna sighed.”可知，Brianna叹了一口气，说明Brianna不愿意做我要她做的事，故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我特意选择了她来执行这项任务。A. studied学习；B. selected选择；C. supported支持；D. examined仔细检查。根据上文“I could tell that she was ___4___ to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew she was so sweet and kind.”可知，Brianna很善良，所以我选择Brianna去邀请Molly，故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道这个选择让她很痛苦，我把手伸进口袋，掏出一个D-buck——我们班的货币。A. comforting安慰；B. warming使温暖；C. paining使苦恼；D. protecting保护。根据上文“Brianna sighed.”可知，Brianna不愿意做我要她做的事，故推知我的请求使她感到苦恼，故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我需要确保她的合作。A. consider考虑；B. permit允许；C. check检查；D. ensure确保。根据“I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency.”可知，我为了让Brianna去邀请Molly，给Brianna班级货币。故推知我想确保Brianna能答应我的请求，与我合作。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：给你，我会为你的时间付D-buck的。A. help帮助；B. pay支付；C. prepare准备；D. forgive原谅。根据“I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency.”可知，我为了让Brianna去邀请Molly，给Brianna班级货币，花班级货币买她的时间。故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她们最后一起走回去时，我松了一口气。A. relief宽慰、解脱；B. concern关心；C. sorrow悲伤；D. regret后悔。根据“I watched closely as the girls talked.”及“When they finally walked back together”可知，Brianna答应了我的请求，陪Molly一起聊天然后一起走，一切都很顺利。故推知我不再担心Molly孤单一人，所以松了口气，故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我不应该保留这个。”她的目光落在脚上，内疚从她平静的声音中散发出来。A. excitement兴奋；B. courage勇气；C. guilt内疚；D. impatience不耐烦。根据“I shouldn’t keep this.”及“Her eyes fell to her feet”可知，Brianna认为自己不该为了要D-buck，才和Molly聊天，低下了头。通过动作描写可知，Brianna为自己的行为感到很内疚，故选C。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A The most impressive class Joe has ever had is the English literature class about Charlotte’s Web last semester. 11 struck him most was the teacher’s passion for literature. Her plot explanation, character analysis and theme extraction helped him see the novel in a new light. Apart from her in-depth exploration, she also involved the students in a discussion, 12 (encourage) them to share and comment. Joe was amazed at how engaged he was and how much he learned. He even left the class feeling 13 (motivate) to major in literature in future. 【答案】11．What 12．encouraging 13．motivated 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章描述了令乔印象深刻的英语文学课——《夏洛特的网》，这节课让乔受到激励未来主修文学。 11．考查主语从句。句意：最让他印象深刻的是老师对文学的热情。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，was是主句谓语动词，从句缺少主语，指物，用连接词what，故填What。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了深入探索外，她还让学生参与讨论，鼓励他们分享和评论。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词是involved，故encourage用非谓语动词形式作状语，encourage与逻辑主语she是主动关系，用现在分词形式作状语，故填encouraging。 13．考查形容词。句意：他甚至离开了班级，感觉受到激励将来主修文学。feel是系动词，接形容词motivated“有……动机的”作表语，故填motivated。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and 14 (carry) out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small boat which was bound for London. It was a long and 15 (storm) voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money 16 (feed) and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter. 【答案】14．was carried 15．stormy 16．fed 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者失误被小船带进大海后的经历。 14．考查时态和语态。句意：一天，我冒险走得太远，被带到海里去了。根据句意及ventured可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，且主语I和carry“带着”为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态was carried。故填was carried。 15．考查形容词。句意：这是一次漫长而又狂风暴雨的航行，他们让我做一名普通水手，没有报酬。分析句子结构可知，本空填形容词stormy“有暴风雨(或暴风雪)的”，作定语，修饰voyage。故填stormy。 16．考查时态。句意：这笔钱养活了我24小时。根据句意及sheltered可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，且主语This money和feed“养活”为主动关系，故填过去式fed。故填fed。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Mid-Autumn Festival, or Mid-autumn Day, is the second grandest festival in China after the Chinese New Year. It is named so for that it is celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, 17 is always in the middle of the autumn season in China. The day is also known as the Moon Festival. In Chinese culture, full moon 18 (symbolize) reunion, so that they reunite with their families 19 celebrations. They worship the moon together, appreciate the moon together, enjoy reunion dinner and even share one mooncake 20 (celebrate) the reunion. 【答案】17．which 18．symbolizes 19．for 20．to celebrate 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中秋节的相关信息。 17．考查定语从句。句意：它的命名是因为它是在农历八月十五日庆祝的，这在中国总是在秋季的中间。分析句子结构可知，本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the 15th day of the 8th lunar month，且从句中缺少主语，故填which，引导定语从句。故填which。 18．考查时态。句意：在中国文化中，满月象征着团圆，所以他们与家人团聚庆祝。结合句意可知，本句陈述事实，用一般现在时，故用symbolize“象征”的第三人称单数形式symbolizes。故填symbolizes。 19．考查介词。句意：在中国文化中，满月象征着团圆，所以他们与家人团聚庆祝。根据句意可知，此处使用介词for“为了”。故填for。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们一起拜月亮，一起赏月，一起吃团圆饭，甚至分享一个月饼来庆祝团圆。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为and连接的并列动词worship、appreciate、enjoy、share，故本空为非谓语，且They与celebrate“庆祝”为主动关系，故此处用动词不定式to celebrate，作目的状语。故填to celebrate。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Pets are part of our family so it’s important to factor them in when planning a trip that you’re not taking them with you on. Pet charity Blue Cross advises planning well in advance so you know that your pet will be comfortable. Family and friends Leaving your pet in the care of a trusted friend or neighbour will give you peace of mind that it will be well cared for. Your pet will be able to stay with them in their home. Things to consider if your pet is staying in another house: · Do they have another dog or pet and will they get on with your pet? · Do they have a garden? Is the garden secure so your pet can’t escape? Pet sitter Pet sitters stay in or visit your home to look after your pet while you’re away for a fee. This is a good option which allows your pet to stay in a familiar environment and you will receive regular updates. How to find a good pet sitter: · Ask friends and family for recommendations for pet sitters. · Pet sitters don’t need a license to work, but reputable ones will be able to show you training and insurance certificates. · Check reviews online from independent review sites. Home boarder Home boarders are people that take pets into their own homes to look after for a fee. How to find a good home boarder: · Check their home has no obvious dangers, like exposed wires, toxic substances and unsecured fences. · Your pet is invited round to get to know the home and meet the family it’ll be staying with. · You can easily find and view their license to home board pets from the local council as well as their insurance details and training. Boarding kennels Kennels are an option, but it depends whether your pet is comfortable being left alone in a kennel environment around other pets. How to find a boarding kennel: · Get a personal recommendation, and check the kennel is licensed. · Ask if you can visit before you book. · Ask about insurance cover and the procedure for contacting a vet (兽医). 21．If you prefer your pet to stay in a familiar environment, you can leave it with _____. A．a friend B．a pet sitter C．a home boarder D．a boarding kennel 22．How can one find a suitable home boarder? A．Call the insurance company. B．Check the license from the local council. C．Check reviews from independent review sites. D．Invite him over to your home and meet your family. 23．Who may find this passage most useful? A．A vet who desires to change his job. B．A man who is considering adopting a dog. C．A couple who are planning to rent a house. D．A pet owner who will take a business trip. 【答案】21．B 22．B 23．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在主人外出旅行时，照顾并安置家中宠物的四种方式。 21．细节理解题。根据Pet sitter中“This is a good option which allows your pet to stay in a familiar environment and you will receive regular updates.(这是一个很好的选择，可以让你的宠物待在一个熟悉的环境中，你会收到定期的更新)”可知，选择宠物保姆能让你的宠物待在一个熟悉的环境中。故选B项。 22．细节理解题。根据Home boarder中“You can easily find and view their license to home board pets from the local council as well as their insurance details and training.(你可以很容易地从当地议会找到并查看他们的家庭宠物执照，以及他们的保险细节和培训)”可知，想要给宠物找一个合适的寄宿家庭，可以查一下当地议会的家庭宠物执照。故选B项。 23．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Pets are part of our family so it’s important to factor them in when planning a trip that you’re not taking them with you on. Pet charity Blue Cross advises planning well in advance so you know that your pet will be comfortable.(宠物是我们家庭的一部分，所以当你计划不带它们一起旅行时，把它们考虑进去是很重要的。宠物慈善机构蓝十字会建议提前做好计划，这样你就知道你的宠物会过得很舒服)”可知，本文是写给不计划带宠物出去旅行，而想要宠物得到照顾的人看的。由此推知，“一个要出差的养宠物的人”会觉得这篇文章有用。故选D项。 B Adam Zibluk is a 15-year-old Life Scout (童子军) in Troop 70 in Newtown, CT. He was also recently the Troop’s Senior Patrol Leader, the highest ranking boy in the troop! Last summer, he, along with 15 other boys from the Troop completed scouting’s greatest adventure, backpacking over 50 miles in 7 days in the wilderness at the Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico! While Adam’s Scouting achievements are impressive on their own, his time in Scouts has not always been so easy. Adam has hemophilia, a medical condition that can cause severe bleeding from even a slight injury. And as a Boy Scout, spending much time out in the wilderness, it is quite common to get minor injuries. Because of his condition, Adam has had to miss some Scouting activities over the years. The first few days of Adam’s backpacking in Philmont went smooth. But on the 3rd day, while unloading his gear at a remote campsite, he felt a sharp pain in his back.Adam told the adult leaders about his back and that he was starting to not feel well.They made the decision to call Philmont base camp to seek medical attention. It was getting dark and rain threatened. Two doctors set out into the night on backcountry roads and then hiked in the last 1/2 mile to find Adam. They did some tests and decided to take him back with them to base camp. It was a tough moment for Adam and for the rest of the scout crew. While Adam returned to base camp, the rest of the boys backpacked on. To encourage Adam, they took one of his shirts with them and took photos of it along the way, which they sent to him. A few days passed and Adam was feeling better. The doctors cleared him to return to the backcountry! Finally, Adam finished the trek with his crew. He is now one of the only Boy Scouts with hemophilia to have ever participated in and completed a Philmont Trek. What encouraged Adam to take on this challenge despite the risk? “I thought it would be fun and a good thing to do as long as I was prepared. And my parents have always encouraged me not to let hemophilia be the only factor in ANY decision.” 24．What has stopped Adam from participating in some Scouting activities over the years? A．Inadequate trek experience. B．His fear of the wilderness. C．Lack of camping skills. D．His health condition. 25．Why did Adam participate in this challenging activity? A．He had a love for it. B．He was eager to be a leader. C．He wanted to set a record. D．His parents decided for him. 26．Which of the following words can best describe Adam? A．Athletic and ambitious. B．Considerate and fearless. C．Courageous and determined. D．Confident and knowledgeable. 【答案】24．D 25．A 26．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了十五岁的童子军Adam克服重重困难，不畏艰险，完成了一项挑战的故事。 24．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Adam has hemophilia, a medical condition that can cause severe bleeding from even a slight injury.（Adam患有血友病，这种疾病即使是轻微的伤害也会导致严重的出血。）”和“Because of his condition, Adam has had to miss some Scouting activities over the years.（由于他的身体状况，这些年来Adam不得不错过一些童子军活动。）”可知，是健康问题阻止了Adam参加一些童子军活动。故选D项。 25．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I thought it would be fun and a good thing to do as long as I was prepared.（我认为只要我做好了准备，这将是一件有趣的好事。）”可知，Adam参加挑战是因为他觉得挑战很有乐趣，由此可推知，他很喜欢这项挑战活动。故选A项。 26．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What encouraged Adam to take on this challenge despite the risk? “I thought it would be fun and a good thing to do as long as I was prepared. And my parents have always encouraged me to not let hemophilia be the only factor in ANY decision.”（是什么鼓励亚当不顾风险接受这个挑战？“我认为只要我做好了准备，这将是一件有趣的好事。我的父母一直鼓励我不要让血友病成为做任何决定的唯一因素。”）”可知，是自己的决心和父母的鼓励，让Adam不畏危险完成这项挑战。可以推断，Adam是一个勇敢和意志坚定的人。故选C项。 C Although it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops. Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut. Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate. On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average. It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound’s intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought. “The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK. She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative（推测的）for now, she says. 27．The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that_______. A．tobacco plants make louder sounds than tomato plants when hurt B．water-hungry tomato plants are more sensible than tobacco plants C．unstressed plants produced sounds of laughter when being watered D．plants respond to the sounds the plants make and protect themselves 28．What is Anne Visscher’s attitude towards the finding of the experiment? A．Appreciative B．Doubtful C．Cautious D．Optimistic 29．It can be learnt from the research that ________. A．greenhouse effects can be avoided B．soil condition can be adjusted in time. C．plant condition can be diagnosed faster. D．insects can be detected and removed easily. 30．What is the best title for the article? A．Plants Get Stressed Just Like Us B．Plants Scream in Presence of Stress C．Sounds of Plants Detected Far Away D．Sounds of Plants Break Farmers’ Hearts 【答案】27．B 28．C 29．C 30．B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，一项研究表明，植物在压力下会发出超声波叫声，这可能会开辟一个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。 27．细节理解题。由第四段中的“On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11.”（平均来说，干旱压力下的番茄植株每小时发出35个声音，而烟草植株每小时发出11个声音。），可知缺水番茄比烟草更敏感，干旱条件下，番茄植株发声多。故选B项。 28．推理判断题。由倒数第二段“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation”（干旱压力下植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业的建议，如果在田间条件下设置录音成本不太高的话，这一建议似乎是可行的。）和最后一段中的“She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative（推测的）for now, she says.”（她警告说，研究结果还不能扩大到其他压力，如盐或温度，因为这些可能不会导致声音。此外，她还说，目前还没有实验证明飞蛾或其他动物是否能听到并对植物发出的声音做出反应，所以这个想法目前仍然是推测性的。），可推断出Anne Visscher对实验的发现抱有谨慎的态度。故选C项。 29．推理判断题。由第一段中的“But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops.”（但现在，有人首次记录到它们在压力下会发出超声波叫声，研究人员说，这可能会开辟一个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。）和第五段中的“The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound’s intensity and frequency.”（研究人员训练了一个机器学习模型来区分植物的声音和温室里的风、雨和其他噪音，根据声音的强度和频率，在大多数情况下正确地识别出压力是由干燥还是割伤引起的。），可推断出此研究可以帮助人们更快地诊断出植物状况。故选C项。 30．主旨大意题。由第一段中的“But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops.”（但现在，有人首次记录到它们在压力下会发出超声波叫声，研究人员说，这可能会开辟一个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。）和第二段“Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut.”（以色列特拉维夫大学的伊扎克•哈伊特和他的同事们发现，番茄和烟草植物在缺水或茎被割下时发出的叫声频率是人类听不到的。），可知文章讲的是植物会在压力下发出人类听不到的超声波叫声，所以B选项“植物在压力下尖叫”，为短文最佳标题。故选B项。 D Communities across the world are starting to ban facial recognition technologies. The efforts are well intentioned, but banning facial recognition is the wrong way to fight against modern surveillance （监 视）.Generally, modern mass surveillance has three broad components: identification, correlation and discrimination. Facial recognition is a technology that can be used to identify people without their consent. Once we are identified, the data about who we are and what we are doing can be correlated with other data. This might be movement data, which can be used to "follow” us as we move throughout our day. It can be purchasing data, Internet browsing data, or data about who we talk to via email or text. It might be data about our income, ethnicity, lifestyle, profession and interests. There is an entire industry of data brokers who make a living by selling our data without our consent. It's not just that they know who we are; it's that they correlate what they know about us to create profiles about who we are and what our interests are. The whole purpose of this process is for companies to treat individuals differently. We are shown different ads on the Internet and receive different offers for credit cards. In the future, we might be treated differently when we walk into a store, just as we currently are when we visit websites. It doesn't matter which technology is used to identify people. What's important is that we can be consistently identified over time. We might be completely anonymous （匿名的）in a system that uses unique cookies to track us as we browse the Internet, but the same process of correlation and discrimination still occurs. Regulating this system means addressing all three steps of the process. A ban on facial recognition won't make any difference. The problem is that we are being identified without our knowledge or consent, and society needs rules about when that is permissible. Similarly, we need rules about how our data can be combined with other data, and then bought and sold without our knowledge or consent. The data broker industry is almost entirely unregulated now. Reasonable laws would prevent the worst of their abuses. Finally, we need better rules about when and how it is permissible for companies to discriminate. Discrimination based on protected characteristics like race and gender is already illegal, but those rules are ineffectual against the current technologies of surveillance and control. When people can be identified and their data correlated at a speed and scale previously unseen, we need new rules. Today, facial recognition technologies are receiving the force of the tech backlash （抵制），but focusing on them misses the point. We need to have a serious conversation about all the technologies of identification, correlation and discrimination, and decide how much we want to be spied on and what sorts of influence we want them to have over our lives. 31．According to Para. 2, with facial recognition _______. A．one’s lifestyle changes greatly B．one's email content is disclosed C．one's profiles are updated in time D．one's personal information is released 32．We can learn from the passage that _______. A．discrimination based on new tech surveillance is illegal B．different browsing data bring in different advertisements C．using mobiles anonymously keeps us from being correlated D．data brokers control the current technologies of surveillance 33．The underlined part “the point，,in the last paragraph probably refers to _______. A．people's concern over their safety B．the nature of the surveillance society C．proper regulation of mass surveillance D．the importance of identification technology 34．The author wrote this passage to _______. A．call for banning facial recognition technologies B．advocate the urgent need for changes in related laws C．inform readers of the disadvantages of facial recognition D．evaluate three broad components in modem mass surveillance 【答案】31．D 32．B 33．C 34．B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了面部识别技术造成的数据泄露。谈及了数据泄露造成的危害。最后提出了应该立法规范而不是完全限制面部识别技术。 31．细节理解题。根据第2段 It might be data about our income, ethnicity, lifestyle, profession and interests. There is an entire industry of data brokers who make a living by selling our data without our consent可知，它可能是关于我们的收入、种族、生活方式、职业和兴趣的数据。面部识别出来的数据会在未经我们同意的情况下被关联或卖掉。所以根据第2段，通过面部识别，一个人的个人信息会被泄露。故选D项。 32．细节理解题。根据第3段The whole purpose of this process is for companies to treat individuals differently. We are shown different ads on the Internet and receive different offers for credit cards可知，公司可以根据我们在互联网上留下的数据对我们区别对待，我们可以在互联网上看到不同的广告，收到不同的信用卡优惠。故选B项。 33．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“We need to have a serious conversation about all the technologies of identification, correlation and discrimination, and decide how much we want to be spied on and what sorts of influence we want them to have over our lives”即我们需要严肃的讨论，决定我们希望被监视的程度以及他带给我们什么样子的影响。所以我们现在正在对面部识别技术进行科技限制。但在这一个过程中我们忽略了对大规模监控的适当监管。所以划线词的意思是“对大规模监控的适当监管”。故选C项。 34．推理判断题。根据文章第一段Communities across the world are starting to ban facial recognition technologies. The efforts are well intentioned, but banning facial recognition is the wrong way to fight against modem surveillance可知，禁止面部识别技术愿望是很好的,但禁止面部识别是错误的方式来对抗现代监控。另外通过第5和第6段中的“Regulating this system means addressing all three steps of the process”和“Similarly, we need rules about how our data can be combined with other data”可知，我们需要规则来规范。通过倒数第2段 “Finally, we need better rules about when and how it is permissible for companies to discriminate”可知，我们需要更好的规则来指导。故作者写这篇文章的目的是倡导迫切需要修改相关法律。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 Many of us set goals, but sometimes we fail to achieve them. There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals. 35 There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders. People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head. 36 Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach. 37 “The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London. 38 Still, there are potential negative parts for it. We are more likely to forget what we offloaded if we no longer access our storage, such as when our smartphone dies. We also tend to offload the important things we most want to remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were more likely to forget the important items and recall the unimportant ones, that is, the more important the intention we want to remember, the more likely we are to offload it—and to forget it. We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them. 39 “If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by noticing the times that we have forgotten to do something and could have used reminders to help.” A．Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits. B．One common reason is that we simply forget them. C．Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources. D．A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars. E．The process of cognitive offloading helps us identify false information. F．Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them. G．Other experts say it’s too soon to understand how cognitive offloading affects our brains. 【答案】35．B 36．D 37．C 38．A 39．F 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了认知卸载的好处和坏处，以及什么时候创建提醒。 35．根据前文“There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals.(我们无法实现目标的原因有很多)”可知，此处是说明无法实现目标的原因，所以B项“One common reason is that we simply forget them.(一个常见的原因是我们只是忘记了它们)”符合主题，并引出下文“There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders.(不过，有一个方法可以帮助解决这个问题：设置提醒)”。故选B项。 36．根据前文“People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head.(人们采用一种叫做认知卸载的心理策略，即我们用身体动作来减少对大脑的需求。具体来说，我们可能会把我们的意图从储存在大脑里外包给大脑外的提醒)”可知，此处讲述了设置提醒具体方法，所以D项“A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars.(一个很好的例子就是我们智能手机日历上的文档)”是对此方法的具体举例，符合文意。故选D项。 37．根据前文“Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach.(了解认知卸载的好处可以提高我们的记忆能力和贯彻我们的意图的能力。最大的好处就是提高了记忆性能。它增加了我们朝着我们需要达到的目标努力的可能性)”可知，此处在讲述了解认知卸载的好处，根据后文““The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London.(伦敦大学学院的教授山姆·吉尔伯特说：“我们越不去想那些不重要的信息，比如购物清单上的东西，我们就越能把大脑用于那些更重要的认知任务，比如创造力。”)”是在讲述另一个好处，所以空处应是C项“Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources.(此外，它可以释放我们有限的认知资源)”符合文意，描述另一个好处，引出下文。故选C项。 38．分析设空，位于段首，根据后文“Still, there are potential negative parts for it.(不过，它也有潜在的负面影响)”可知，空处应是承上启下的作用，由上文介绍好处，转到讲述缺点，所以A项“Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits.(认知卸载有明显的好处)”符合文意，承接上文，并和后文构成转折关系。故选A项。 39．根据前文“We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them.(当我们认为我们需要提醒时，我们最好创建提醒，但不一定是在我们确实需要的时候)”以及后文““If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said.(吉尔伯特说：“如果我们对记忆能力的理解是错误的，这表明我们要么过度使用提醒，要么使用不足。”)”可知，空处应是过渡句，所以F项“Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them.(我们对自己记忆力好坏的看法直接影响到我们是否能记好)”是对前文的进一步说明，并引出下文。故选F项。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 When advising children and adolescents who are learning to regulate their emotions, experts explain that how they think affects how they feel. After children learn to use some basic techniques to regulate their emotions, a greater sense of internal control arises. Thereafter, people start to notice the power they can feel in their minds by changing their thought patterns. “I believe that changing our thinking patterns helps engage different parts of the brain,” said Ran D．Anbar, the author of Changing Children’s Lives with Hypnosis: A Journey to the Center, “For instance, we may find ourselves habitually thinking in a particular way that predictably makes us feel poorly, for example angry, anxious, or sad. People can become angry when they feel that they have been treated poorly or have not gotten their way. The anger occurs because the person focuses on the perceived (察觉到的) injustice. When we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns.” For instance, 14-year-old “Sarah” became angry with her parents for restricting her use of social media. While discussing why her parents did so, Sarah recognized that they were attempting to protect her from some of the ill effects of overusing social media. Sarah let go of her anger. She switched from thinking about her frustration with her parents’ restrictions and instead focused her thoughts on how to solve the dilemma (困境) regarding her overuse of social media. She was able to recognize that her parents were her valuable friends rather than her opponents. Frequently, people explain to themselves and others that their poor mood is related to unfortunate circumstances. While holding such a belief, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings. However, as demonstrated in this post, our emotional response to unfortunate circumstances can be brought under our control and improved through a change in our thinking patterns. Sometimes, that change can even help us figure out new ways to act that also will improve our situation. 40．What happens after children regulate their emotion? 41．Why does the author mention the example of Sarah in the 3rd paragraph? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances, so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood. 43．Besides changing thinking patterns, do you have other way(s) to control your emotions? (In about 40 words) 【答案】40．A greater sense of internal control arises. 41．To show when we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns. The author mentions the example of Sara to show when we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns. 42．People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances, so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood. According to the passage, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings. 43．Engaging in exercising is another good way to control my emotion. It can release natural good chemicals in brain, which can help me relieve tension and reduce feelings of sadness. Additionally, Exercising serve as a distraction from negative thoughts and emotions, allowing me to temporarily escape and find relief.(请根据学生答题情况酌情给分) 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是改变思维模式可以帮助我们更好地应对困境，并改善情绪和处境。 40．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“After children learn to use some basic techniques to regulate their emotions, a greater sense of internal control arises. (在孩子们学会使用一些基本的技巧来调节他们的情绪之后，一种更大的内在控制感就会产生。)”可知，孩子们调节情绪后一种更大的内在控制感就会产生，故填A greater sense of internal control arises. 41．考查推理判断。根据第三段的“For instance, 14-year-old “Sarah” became angry with her parents for restricting her use of social media. While discussing why her parents did so, Sarah recognized that they were attempting to protect her from some of the ill effects of overusing social media. Sarah let go of her anger. She switched from thinking about her frustration with her parents’ restrictions and instead focused her thoughts on how to solve the dilemma regarding her overuse of social media. She was able to recognize that her parents were her valuable friends rather than her opponents.(例如，14岁的“莎拉”对父母限制她使用社交媒体感到愤怒。在讨论父母这样做的原因时，萨拉意识到他们是在试图保护她免受过度使用社交媒体的一些不良影响。萨拉不生气了。她不再去想父母的限制给她带来的挫败感，而是把注意力集中在如何解决自己过度使用社交媒体的困境上。她能够认识到她的父母是她宝贵的朋友，而不是她的对手。)”可知，莎拉通过改变自己思考问题的方式和角度使自己消除了消极情绪，因此作者在第三段中提到了Sarah的例子是为了表明当我们改变思维时，我们可以更容易地创造新的、更健康的思维模式。故填To show when we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns. 42．考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Frequently, people explain to themselves and others that their poor mood is related to unfortunate circumstances. While holding such a belief, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings.(人们经常向自己和他人解释，他们的坏心情与不幸的环境有关。在持有这种信念的同时，人们有时会从这样的想法中得到安慰：既然他们无法改变自己的环境，就不应该期望他们负责改善自己的感受。)”可知，人们有时会认为既然他们无法改变自己的环境，这样想的话就会得到安慰，因此就不应该期望他们负责改善自己的感受，则所给句子中的“so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood (所以他们会试图改变他们的情况，以便有一个好心情)”这个描述是错误的，故填People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances, so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood. According to the passage, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings. 43．开放试题，言之有理即可。通读全文可知，文章讲述的是情绪调节和思维模式的关系。它强调了人们的思维如何影响情绪，并提出通过改变思维模式可以更好地控制情绪，并找到解决问题的新途径。文章通过一个案例展示了这一点，告诉读者改变思维模式可以帮助我们更好地应对困境，并改善情绪和处境。此外，也可以通过运动的方式来调节情绪，锻炼是控制情绪的另一个好方法。它可以在大脑中释放出天然的好化学物质，帮助我缓解紧张情绪，减少悲伤情绪。此外，锻炼可以分散我对负面想法和情绪的注意力，让我暂时逃离并找到解脱，故填Engaging in exercising is another good way to control my emotion. It can release natural good chemicals in brain, which can help me relieve tension and reduce feelings of sadness. Additionally, Exercising serve as a distraction from negative thoughts and emotions, allowing me to temporarily escape and find relief. 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他很想了解你的职业规划，请你给Jim回信，内容包括： 1. 希望从事的职业； 2. 选择该职业的原因； 注意：1．词数 100 左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, How is everything going? I am glad to receive your e-mail, in which you asked me about my career plan for the future. Now I am writing to share it with you in detail. I want to be a journalist. First, it is a job that can get me exposed to new things every day and thus keep me energetic and passionate all the time since I really hate to follow the same routine every day. Second, working as a journalist can help realize my childhood dream of being a hero by fighting against evil and spreading justice. This is all about my career plan. I am looking forward to hearing yours if you have got one. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本文为一篇应用文。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他很想了解你的职业规划，请你给Jim回信，内容包括：1. 希望从事的职业；2. 选择该职业的原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→happy/delighted 详细地：in detail→at length 热情的：passionate→enthusiastic 实现：realize→achieve 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I want to be a journalist. 拓展句：I want to be a journalist, which has been my big dream since I was a liitle child. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am glad to receive your e-mail, in which you asked me about my career plan for the future.(运用了in which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】First, it is a job that can get me exposed to new things every day and thus keep me energetic and passionate all the time since I really hate to follow the same routine every day.(运用了that引导的定语从句和since引导的原因状语从句) 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$2025年高考模拟预测卷（北京卷) 英语·答题卡 姓名： 准考证号 标 条码粘贴处 口 准考证号 注意事项 0 0 1,答题前， 考生先将自己的姓名、准考正号码填写清 1 楚 2 2.请将准考证条码粘贴在右的条码粘贴处的方框 2 3 3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂：非选必须用05 4 4 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 4.请按题号颜序在各题的客题区内作答，超出范围的 答案无效，在草纸，试卷上作答无效。 6 6 5.保尉特卡面清洁。不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准 7 7 使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 8 8 6.填涂样例正确■错误【一-[Ⅱ灯 9 9 第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）》 第-节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 1[A][B][C][D] 6.[A][B][C][D] 2[A][B][C][D] 7[A][B][C][D] 3[A][B][C][D] 8.[A][B][C][D] 4[A][BJ[C][D] 9[AJ[B][C][D] 5[A][B][C][Dj 10[A][B][C][D] 第二节供10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） 21[A][B][C][D]26[A][B][C][D]31.[A][B][C][D] 35.A][B][C][D][E][E][G] 22[A][B]LC][D] 27.[AJ[B][C][D] 32[A][B][C][D] 36.[AJ[B][C][D][EJ[F][G] 23.[A][B][C][D]28.[A][B][C][D] 33.[A][B][C][D]37.IA1[B][C][D][E][F][G] 24[A][B][C][D]29.[A][B][C][D]34[AJ[B][C][D] 38.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 25.[A][B][C][D]30[A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D][E][F[G] 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 第1页共2页 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第-节（满分12分） 40. (2分) 41 (2分) 42 (3分) (5分) 第二节（满分20分） 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 第2页共2页 绝密★考试结束前 2025年高考模拟预测卷01（北京卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 Though new term had begun for weeks, the new girl Molly still remained 1 around her classmates. Now she was sitting at the picnic table alone. She seemed unsure of what to do or say, yet I could see her eyes longing for 2 . Brianna, the class clown, was standing near the playground making the other students laugh, as usual. “Brianna, Molly looks awfully 3 . Would you invite her to join us?” I said. Brianna sighed. I could tell that she was 4 to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew she was so sweet and kind. I had specifically 5 her for this task. She looked at her friends, then at Molly. Knowing this choice was 6 her, I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency(货币). I needed to 7 her cooperation. “Here, I’ll 8 you for your time.” She offered an insincere smile, grasped the green paper, and headed off. I watched closely as the girls talked. When they finally walked back together, I sighed with 9 . A minute later, Brianna came back and handed me the D-buck. “I shouldn’t keep this.” Her eyes fell to her feet, 10 radiating from her quiet voice. “I don’t want Molly to think I only went to get her so I could earn a D-buck. She’s my friend.” Then Brianna skipped back to amuse her classmates again, and who laughed for the first time that week? Molly. 1．A．satisfied B．surprised C．awkward D．ashamed 2．A．trust B．acceptance C．understanding D．respect 3．A．angry B．puzzled C．serious D．lonely 4．A．unwilling B．eager C．determined D．disappointed 5．A．studied B．selected C．supported D．examined 6．A．comforting B．warming C．paining D．protecting 7．A．consider B．permit C．check D．ensure 8．A．help B．pay C．prepare D．forgive 9．A．relief B．concern C．sorrow D．regret 10．A．excitement B．courage C．guilt D．impatience 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A The most impressive class Joe has ever had is the English literature class about Charlotte’s Web last semester. 11 struck him most was the teacher’s passion for literature. Her plot explanation, character analysis and theme extraction helped him see the novel in a new light. Apart from her in-depth exploration, she also involved the students in a discussion, 12 (encourage) them to share and comment. Joe was amazed at how engaged he was and how much he learned. He even left the class feeling 13 (motivate) to major in literature in future. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and 14 (carry) out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small boat which was bound for London. It was a long and 15 (storm) voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money 16 (feed) and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Mid-Autumn Festival, or Mid-autumn Day, is the second grandest festival in China after the Chinese New Year. It is named so for that it is celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, 17 is always in the middle of the autumn season in China. The day is also known as the Moon Festival. In Chinese culture, full moon 18 (symbolize) reunion, so that they reunite with their families 19 celebrations. They worship the moon together, appreciate the moon together, enjoy reunion dinner and even share one mooncake 20 (celebrate) the reunion. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Pets are part of our family so it’s important to factor them in when planning a trip that you’re not taking them with you on. Pet charity Blue Cross advises planning well in advance so you know that your pet will be comfortable. Family and friends Leaving your pet in the care of a trusted friend or neighbour will give you peace of mind that it will be well cared for. Your pet will be able to stay with them in their home. Things to consider if your pet is staying in another house: · Do they have another dog or pet and will they get on with your pet? · Do they have a garden? Is the garden secure so your pet can’t escape? Pet sitter Pet sitters stay in or visit your home to look after your pet while you’re away for a fee. This is a good option which allows your pet to stay in a familiar environment and you will receive regular updates. How to find a good pet sitter: · Ask friends and family for recommendations for pet sitters. · Pet sitters don’t need a license to work, but reputable ones will be able to show you training and insurance certificates. · Check reviews online from independent review sites. Home boarder Home boarders are people that take pets into their own homes to look after for a fee. How to find a good home boarder: · Check their home has no obvious dangers, like exposed wires, toxic substances and unsecured fences. · Your pet is invited round to get to know the home and meet the family it’ll be staying with. · You can easily find and view their license to home board pets from the local council as well as their insurance details and training. Boarding kennels Kennels are an option, but it depends whether your pet is comfortable being left alone in a kennel environment around other pets. How to find a boarding kennel: · Get a personal recommendation, and check the kennel is licensed. · Ask if you can visit before you book. · Ask about insurance cover and the procedure for contacting a vet (兽医). 21．If you prefer your pet to stay in a familiar environment, you can leave it with _____. A．a friend B．a pet sitter C．a home boarder D．a boarding kennel 22．How can one find a suitable home boarder? A．Call the insurance company. B．Check the license from the local council. C．Check reviews from independent review sites. D．Invite him over to your home and meet your family. 23．Who may find this passage most useful? A．A vet who desires to change his job. B．A man who is considering adopting a dog. C．A couple who are planning to rent a house. D．A pet owner who will take a business trip. Adam Zibluk is a 15-year-old Life Scout (童子军) in Troop 70 in Newtown, CT. He was also recently the Troop’s Senior Patrol Leader, the highest ranking boy in the troop! Last summer, he, along with 15 other boys from the Troop completed scouting’s greatest adventure, backpacking over 50 miles in 7 days in the wilderness at the Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico! While Adam’s Scouting achievements are impressive on their own, his time in Scouts has not always been so easy. Adam has hemophilia, a medical condition that can cause severe bleeding from even a slight injury. And as a Boy Scout, spending much time out in the wilderness, it is quite common to get minor injuries. Because of his condition, Adam has had to miss some Scouting activities over the years. The first few days of Adam’s backpacking in Philmont went smooth. But on the 3rd day, while unloading his gear at a remote campsite, he felt a sharp pain in his back.Adam told the adult leaders about his back and that he was starting to not feel well.They made the decision to call Philmont base camp to seek medical attention. It was getting dark and rain threatened. Two doctors set out into the night on backcountry roads and then hiked in the last 1/2 mile to find Adam. They did some tests and decided to take him back with them to base camp. It was a tough moment for Adam and for the rest of the scout crew. While Adam returned to base camp, the rest of the boys backpacked on. To encourage Adam, they took one of his shirts with them and took photos of it along the way, which they sent to him. A few days passed and Adam was feeling better. The doctors cleared him to return to the backcountry! Finally, Adam finished the trek with his crew. He is now one of the only Boy Scouts with hemophilia to have ever participated in and completed a Philmont Trek. What encouraged Adam to take on this challenge despite the risk? “I thought it would be fun and a good thing to do as long as I was prepared. And my parents have always encouraged me not to let hemophilia be the only factor in ANY decision.” 24．What has stopped Adam from participating in some Scouting activities over the years? A．Inadequate trek experience. B．His fear of the wilderness. C．Lack of camping skills. D．His health condition. 25．Why did Adam participate in this challenging activity? A．He had a love for it. B．He was eager to be a leader. C．He wanted to set a record. D．His parents decided for him. 26．Which of the following words can best describe Adam? A．Athletic and ambitious. B．Considerate and fearless. C．Courageous and determined. D．Confident and knowledgeable. C Although it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops. Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut. Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate. On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average. It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound’s intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought. “The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK. She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative（推测的）for now, she says. 27．The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that_______. A．tobacco plants make louder sounds than tomato plants when hurt B．water-hungry tomato plants are more sensible than tobacco plants C．unstressed plants produced sounds of laughter when being watered D．plants respond to the sounds the plants make and protect themselves 28．What is Anne Visscher’s attitude towards the finding of the experiment? A．Appreciative B．Doubtful C．Cautious D．Optimistic 29．It can be learnt from the research that ________. A．greenhouse effects can be avoided B．soil condition can be adjusted in time. C．plant condition can be diagnosed faster. D．insects can be detected and removed easily. 30．What is the best title for the article? A．Plants Get Stressed Just Like Us B．Plants Scream in Presence of Stress C．Sounds of Plants Detected Far Away D．Sounds of Plants Break Farmers’ Hearts D Communities across the world are starting to ban facial recognition technologies. The efforts are well intentioned, but banning facial recognition is the wrong way to fight against modern surveillance （监 视）.Generally, modern mass surveillance has three broad components: identification, correlation and discrimination. Facial recognition is a technology that can be used to identify people without their consent. Once we are identified, the data about who we are and what we are doing can be correlated with other data. This might be movement data, which can be used to "follow” us as we move throughout our day. It can be purchasing data, Internet browsing data, or data about who we talk to via email or text. It might be data about our income, ethnicity, lifestyle, profession and interests. There is an entire industry of data brokers who make a living by selling our data without our consent. It's not just that they know who we are; it's that they correlate what they know about us to create profiles about who we are and what our interests are. The whole purpose of this process is for companies to treat individuals differently. We are shown different ads on the Internet and receive different offers for credit cards. In the future, we might be treated differently when we walk into a store, just as we currently are when we visit websites. It doesn't matter which technology is used to identify people. What's important is that we can be consistently identified over time. We might be completely anonymous （匿名的）in a system that uses unique cookies to track us as we browse the Internet, but the same process of correlation and discrimination still occurs. Regulating this system means addressing all three steps of the process. A ban on facial recognition won't make any difference. The problem is that we are being identified without our knowledge or consent, and society needs rules about when that is permissible. Similarly, we need rules about how our data can be combined with other data, and then bought and sold without our knowledge or consent. The data broker industry is almost entirely unregulated now. Reasonable laws would prevent the worst of their abuses. Finally, we need better rules about when and how it is permissible for companies to discriminate. Discrimination based on protected characteristics like race and gender is already illegal, but those rules are ineffectual against the current technologies of surveillance and control. When people can be identified and their data correlated at a speed and scale previously unseen, we need new rules. Today, facial recognition technologies are receiving the force of the tech backlash （抵制），but focusing on them misses the point. We need to have a serious conversation about all the technologies of identification, correlation and discrimination, and decide how much we want to be spied on and what sorts of influence we want them to have over our lives. 31．According to Para. 2, with facial recognition _______. A．one’s lifestyle changes greatly B．one's email content is disclosed C．one's profiles are updated in time D．one's personal information is released 32．We can learn from the passage that _______. A．discrimination based on new tech surveillance is illegal B．different browsing data bring in different advertisements C．using mobiles anonymously keeps us from being correlated D．data brokers control the current technologies of surveillance 33．The underlined part “the point，,in the last paragraph probably refers to _______. A．people's concern over their safety B．the nature of the surveillance society C．proper regulation of mass surveillance D．the importance of identification technology 34．The author wrote this passage to _______. A．call for banning facial recognition technologies B．advocate the urgent need for changes in related laws C．inform readers of the disadvantages of facial recognition D．evaluate three broad components in modem mass surveillance 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 Many of us set goals, but sometimes we fail to achieve them. There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals. 35 There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders. People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head. 36 Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach. 37 “The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London. 38 Still, there are potential negative parts for it. We are more likely to forget what we offloaded if we no longer access our storage, such as when our smartphone dies. We also tend to offload the important things we most want to remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were more likely to forget the important items and recall the unimportant ones, that is, the more important the intention we want to remember, the more likely we are to offload it—and to forget it. We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them. 39 “If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by noticing the times that we have forgotten to do something and could have used reminders to help.” A．Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits. B．One common reason is that we simply forget them. C．Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources. D．A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars. E．The process of cognitive offloading helps us identify false information. F．Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them. G．Other experts say it’s too soon to understand how cognitive offloading affects our brains. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 When advising children and adolescents who are learning to regulate their emotions, experts explain that how they think affects how they feel. After children learn to use some basic techniques to regulate their emotions, a greater sense of internal control arises. Thereafter, people start to notice the power they can feel in their minds by changing their thought patterns. “I believe that changing our thinking patterns helps engage different parts of the brain,” said Ran D．Anbar, the author of Changing Children’s Lives with Hypnosis: A Journey to the Center, “For instance, we may find ourselves habitually thinking in a particular way that predictably makes us feel poorly, for example angry, anxious, or sad. People can become angry when they feel that they have been treated poorly or have not gotten their way. The anger occurs because the person focuses on the perceived (察觉到的) injustice. When we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns.” For instance, 14-year-old “Sarah” became angry with her parents for restricting her use of social media. While discussing why her parents did so, Sarah recognized that they were attempting to protect her from some of the ill effects of overusing social media. Sarah let go of her anger. She switched from thinking about her frustration with her parents’ restrictions and instead focused her thoughts on how to solve the dilemma (困境) regarding her overuse of social media. She was able to recognize that her parents were her valuable friends rather than her opponents. Frequently, people explain to themselves and others that their poor mood is related to unfortunate circumstances. While holding such a belief, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings. However, as demonstrated in this post, our emotional response to unfortunate circumstances can be brought under our control and improved through a change in our thinking patterns. Sometimes, that change can even help us figure out new ways to act that also will improve our situation. 40．What happens after children regulate their emotion? 41．Why does the author mention the example of Sarah in the 3rd paragraph? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances, so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood. 43．Besides changing thinking patterns, do you have other way(s) to control your emotions? (In about 40 words) 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他很想了解你的职业规划，请你给Jim回信，内容包括： 1. 希望从事的职业； 2. 选择该职业的原因； 注意：1．词数 100 左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$