专题 S-203 完形填空15篇 第一次月考复习【题型易-考前限时训练】高二级下册 易错重点难点 2024-2025学年 月考满分冲刺（人教版2019）

限时训练（高二下） 专题S-203 完形填空15篇 高二下 第一次月考 梯度特训 建议用时 100分钟 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福建莆田·阶段练习）I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift. I took a 1 as the snowstorm was approaching. Then the snow started and was coming down 2 . Within minutes, the windows were covered with snow. And soon my 3 was blocked, so I slowed down and rolled down my driver’s side window, thinking I could better 4   the road edge and keep to a straight line. But really, I had no 5 where I was. I stopped and kept the car running to stay 6 I called 911. The operator told me to wait things out for the night — nobody was coming to get me until morning at the earliest. The call left me in 7 . Breathe, I told myself. An idea occurred to me. I 8 my location online and explained what I was 9 , wishing for anyone to come to my rescue. Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post. I got a 10 from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby. I had never been more 11 . Then, about 45minutes later, I saw a tall 12 in the dark. He had walked about 500 metres to get me, 13 the wind and snow each step of the way. “You’ll be OK. Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge (跋涉) through the snow, sure of the 14 . I drove slowly behind him. When we reached his house, I burst into tears of 15 1. A．shortcut B．turn C．look D．risk 2. A．soon B．fast C．lightly D．suddenly 3. A．way B．plan C．sight D．thought 4. A．mark B．cover C．follow D．remember 5. A．doubt B．clue C．problem D．intention 6. A．still B．calm C．awake D．warm 7. A．confusion B．trouble C．panic D．embarrassment 8. A．posted B．found C．checked D．confirmed 9. A．looking at B．going through C．searching for D．carrying out 10. A．tip B．reminder C．like D．message 11. A．inspired B．relieved C．convinced D．amazed 12. A．figure B．creature C．shadow D．policeman 13. A．fighting B．avoiding C．checking D．reporting 14. A．goal B．danger C．depth D．direction 15. A．hope B．love C．gratitude D．pride 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. D 15. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在一次暴风雪中迷路，通过网上求助，最终得到陌生人帮助并安全脱险的经历。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：暴风雪临近时，我抄近路。A. shortcut近路；B. turn转弯；C. look看；D. risk冒险。根据空后“as the snowstorm was approaching” 可知，暴风雪要来了，所以作者抄了近路回家。故选A。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后雪开始下了，下得很快。A. soon不久；B. fast快地；C. lightly轻轻地；D. suddenly突然地。根据后文“Within minutes, the windows were covered with snow”可知，几分钟之内，窗户上就积满了雪，说明雪下得很快。故选B。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久，我的视线被挡住，我放慢速度，摇下车窗，以为这样能更好地沿着路边行驶，保持直线行驶。A. way方法；B. plan计划；C. sight视线，视野；D. thought想法。根据上文“Within minutes, the windows were covered with snow”可知，车窗户上积满了雪，所以视线被挡住了。故选C。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，我的视线被挡住，我放慢速度，摇下车窗，以为这样能更好地沿着路边行驶，保持直线行驶。A. mark标记；B. cover覆盖；C. follow跟随，沿着（道路、小径等）；D. remember记住。根据空后“keep to a straight line”可知，作者想沿着路边行驶，保持直线行驶。故选C。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但实际上，我不知道自己在哪里。A. doubt怀疑；B. clue线索；C. problem问题；D. intention意图。根据下文“I stopped and kept the car running to stay ____6____ I called 911.”可知，作者停车并开着车以保持温暖，同时拨打了911，说明作者不知道自己的位置。have no clue表示“毫无头绪，不知道”。故选B。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我停下来，让车继续开着以保持温暖，同时拨打了911。A. still静止的；B. calm冷静的；C. awake醒着的；D. warm温暖的。根据上文“Then the snow started and was coming down ____2____ . Within minutes, the windows were covered with snow.”可知，下了大雪，说明此时天气很冷，作者想让车继续开着以保持温暖。故选D。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个电话让我陷入了恐慌。A. confusion困惑；B. trouble麻烦；C. panic恐慌；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据上文“The operator told me to wait things out for the night — nobody was coming to get me until morning at the earliest.”可知，接线员告诉作者无人能够救援，只能等到第二天早上，这让作者陷入恐慌。故选C。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在网上发布了我的位置，并解释了我正在经历的事情，希望有人来救我。A. posted发布；B. found发现；C. checked检查；D. confirmed确认。根据下文“Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post.”可知，人们在作者的帖子下面留言，说明作者在网上发布了帖子。故选A。 9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在网上发布了我的位置，并解释了我正在经历的事情，希望有人来救我。A. looking at看；B. going through经历；C. searching for寻找；D. carrying out执行。根据空前“I ____8____ my location online and explained”以及空后“wishing for anyone to come to my rescue”可知，作者在网上发布了求助信息，解释了自己正在经历的困境。故选B。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我收到了一条信息，说有人会帮我联系附近的人。A. tip提示；B. reminder提醒；C. like喜欢；D. message信息。根据空后“from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，有人要给作者提供附近人的联系方式，因此作者收到的是一条信息。故选D。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从未如此欣慰过。A. inspired受到鼓舞的；B. relieved欣慰的，感到安心的；C. convinced确信的；D. amazed惊讶的。根据上文“I got a ____10____ from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby.”可知，有人要给作者提供附近人的联系方式，说明作者有可能得到帮助，因此作者感到很欣慰、安心。故选B。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，大约45分钟后，我在黑暗中看到了一个高大的身影。A. figure身影；B. creature生物；C. shadow阴影；D. policeman警察。根据下文“He had walked about 500 meters to get me”以及下文“the wind and snow each step of the way”可知，有人走了大约500米冒着风雪来找作者，说明作者在黑暗中看到了一个高大的身影。故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他走了大约500米来找我，一路上与风雪搏斗。A. fighting斗争，战斗；B. avoiding避免；C. checking检查；D. reporting报告。根据空前“He had walked about 500 meters to get me”可知，有人走了大约500米冒着风雪来找作者，说明此人在路上与风雪搏斗。故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他转过身，开始在雪地里跋涉，对方向很有把握。A. goal目标；B. danger危险；C. depth深度；D. direction方向。根据上文“You’ll be OK. Follow me”可知，此人在给作者指路，说明他对方向很有把握。故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们到达他家时，我感激得泪流满面。A. hope希望；B. love爱；C. gratitude感激；D. pride骄傲。根据上文“He turned around and started to trudge (跋涉) through the snow, sure of the ____14____ .”可知，有人走了大约500米来找作者，把作者带到他家，说明作者对此人充满了感激之情。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·福建厦门·阶段练习）I found a brown bag outside after our move. “Grass Seed.” it said in big letters. My husband and I 1 the seeds all over the dirty yard in front of our new house. “I have no idea if they will 2 ,” I told him, “but it’s worth a shot.” Just like our 3 to move to the rural Arizona. Near our new house sat a charming cottage, which was 4 to tourists. I got a job offer to 5 the cottage. I’d worked in hotels for years, so when offered the 6 , I jumped at it. Still, it was a big change. I 7 that it would be a right move. While we waited for our grass to grow — or not — we 8 settled into our new house through our efforts. We made it a cozy home, despite the 9 in the front yard, which was still bare now. Meanwhile, many of the cottage guests became 10 , and I got to know them well. I felt 11 to make their stays memorable. Perhaps I was better at that than 12 . But after a monsoon (季风) swept through, I woke up to a beautiful morning and looked out the window. There was no grass growing in the sunlight. 13 , our yard was covered in a rainbow of zinnias (百日菊)! The front yard turned out even better than I could have 14 , just like our new life. And it remains a powerful 15 of the beauty that awaits us in our new chapter. 1. A．sought B．collected C．spread D．removed 2. A．remain B．root C．dry D．last 3. A．decision B．intention C．need D．agreement 4. A．introduced B．given C．sold D．rented 5. A．green B．look after C．fill up D．advertise 6. A．chance B．help C．service D．accommodation 7. A．pretended B．decided C．prayed D．understood 8. A．naturally B．gradually C．hardly D．temporarily 9. A．danger B．potential C．uncertainty D．untidiness 10. A．locals B．employers C．gardeners D．regulars 11. A．grateful B．proud C．curious D．stressed 12. A．growing grass B．yard cleaning C．keeping house D．house renting 13. A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．Besides D．Instead 14. A．imagined B．designed C．remembered D．appreciated 15. A．test B．memory C．reminder D．choice 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者搬到亚利桑那州乡村的新家后，尝试在前院种植草籽以改善院子环境，然而，他们的努力并未直接得到预期的结果——院子里并没有长出草来。相反，一阵季风过后，院子里意外地长出了彩虹般的百日菊，使院子变得比他们想象的还要美丽。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和丈夫把种子撒满了新房前肮脏的院子。A. sought 寻找；B. collected 收集；C. spread 撒，散播；D. removed 移除。根据下文“the seeds all over the dirty yard”可知，作者和丈夫把种子撒在院子里。故选 C。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我不知道它们是否会生根，”我告诉他，“但值得一试。”A. remain 保持；B. root 生根；C. dry 变干；D. last 持续。根据上文“My husband and I __1__ the seeds all over the dirty yard”可知，作者和丈夫在院子里撒下了种子，作者不知道那些种子是否会生根。故选 B。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像我们决定搬到亚利桑那州的乡村一样。A. decision 决定；B. intention 意图；C. need 需要；D. agreement 同意。根据下文“to move to the rural Arizona”可知，作者决定搬到亚利桑那州的乡村。故选 A。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们的新房子附近有一座出租给游客的迷人小屋。A. introduced 介绍；B. given 给；C. sold 卖；D. rented 出租。根据上文“a charming cottage”和下文“to tourists”可知，那个小屋是租给游客。故选 D。 5. 考查动词词义和动词短语辨析。句意：我得到了一份照看小屋的工作。A. green 绿化；B. look after 照看；C. fill up 填满；D. advertise 做广告。根据下一段“We made it a cozy home”可知，作者得到的工作是照看那个小屋。故选 B。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在酒店工作多年，所以当有机会时，我就欣然接受了。A. chance 机会；B. help 帮助；C. service 服务；D. accommodation 住宿。根据上文“I got a job offer”可知，作者得到了一份工作，也就是一个机会。故选 A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我祈祷这将是一个正确的举动。A. pretended 假装；B. decided 决定；C. prayed 祈祷；D. understood 明白。根据下文“it would be a right move”可知，作者祈祷这将是一个正确的举动。故选 C。 8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在等待草长出来或长不出来的时候，我们通过努力逐渐适应了我们的新房子。A. naturally 自然地；B. gradually 逐渐地；C. hardly 几乎不；D. temporarily 暂时地。根据下文“settled into our new house through our efforts”可知，作者他们是逐渐适应新房子。故选 B。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们把它变成了一个舒适的家，尽管前院的情况不确定，现在还是空荡荡的。A. danger 危险；B. potential 潜力；C. uncertainty 不确定性；D. untidiness 不整洁。根据上文“I have no idea if they will__2__”和“we waited for our grass to grow—or not”可知，作者他们也不知道院子里的种子会不会发芽，这是一种不确定性。故选 C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，小屋里的许多客人成了常客，我也和他们很熟了。A. locals 本地人；B. employers 雇主；C. gardeners 园丁；D. regulars 常客。根据下文“I got to know them well”可知，作者和那些客人很熟了，说明那些客人经常来，是常客。故选 D。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很自豪能让他们留下难忘的回忆。A. grateful 感激的；B. proud 自豪的；C. curious 好奇的；D. stressed 焦虑的。根据下文“make their stays memorable”可知，作者让客人们留下了难忘的回忆，这让作者自豪。故选 B。 12. 考查名词短语辨析。句意：也许我更擅长这个，而不是种草。A. growing grass 种草；B. yard cleaning 清洁院子；C. keeping house 持家；D. house renting 租房子。根据上文“While we waited for our grass to grow—or not”可知，作者觉得自己照看小屋比种草做得好。故选 A。 13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我们的院子里覆盖着彩虹般的百日菊！A. Otherwise 否则；B. Therefore 因此；C. Besides 此外；D. Instead 相反。根据上文“There was no grass growing in the sunlight”和下文“our yard was covered in a rainbow of zinnias”可知，前后是相反的内容，空格处用“相反”。故选 D。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：前院变得比我想象的还要好，就像我们的新生活一样。A. imagined 想象；B. designed 设计；C. remembered 记得；D. appreciated 欣赏。根据上文“we waited for our grass to grow”和“our yard was covered in a rainbow of zinnias (百日菊)! The front yard turned out even better than I could have”可知，作者刚开始都不确定种下的种子是否会发芽，但是现在院子里满是百日菊，所以前院比作者想象的要好。故选 A。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它仍然有力地提醒我们，在新的篇章中，等待我们的是美好。A. test 测试；B. memory 记忆；C. reminder 提醒物；D. choice 选择。根据下文“the beauty that awaits us in our new chapter”可知，院子变得比想象的要好，这一点提醒我们，在新的篇章中，等待他们的是美好，空格处意为“提醒物”。故选 C。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·安徽滁州·阶段练习）I was taught at a young age to be afraid rather than to experience life. That’s why I was afraid to 1 others, even though I desperately needed a friend. They might say no — how could I live with that 2 ? Fortunately, a 3 changed my life. At the end of it, the writer 4 trying out what the reader had just read but 5 it was the preseason (季前赛) in a sport — when the result didn’t 6 . It didn’t matter if you won or lost or, in my case, made a friend. I don’t know why the advice attracted me other than the fact that I grew up loving sports When my team would lose during the regular season, I couldn’t 7 to watch. But when they lost in the preseason, I didn’t care. Somehow, for me, this advice is 8 . After reading the book, I would 9 walk to anyone I found interesting and talk to them with no fear of being 10 . And at the same time I felt very 11 as I knew the results didn’t count because this was the preseason. Besides making friends, I discovered this tool was 12 in other ways. It allowed me to have a successful career, though I heard the word “no” many times. I turned a negative into a positive by giving a(n) 13 that every time I heard the word “no”, it meant I was one step closer to “yes”. I tried many times. After all, what did I have to 14 ? If I didn’t get the answer I desired, I would go on to the next 15 opportunity. 1. A．judge B．approach C．appreciate D．observe 2. A．rejection B．problem C．demand D．principle 3. A．song B．program C．movie D．book 4. A．minded B．suggested C．avoided D．imagined 5. A．pretending B．admitting C．expecting D．realizing 6. A．end B．change C．matter D．exist 7. A．bear B．wait C．refuse D．stop 8. A．unnecessary B．strange C．misleading D．suitable 9. A．bravely B．gratefully C．carefully D．regretfully 10. A．left behind B．taken over C．relied on D．turned down 11. A．awkward B．disappointed C．relaxed D．serious 12. A．simple B．useful C．rare D．flexible 13. A．expression B．chance C．challenge D．reason 14. A．improve B．lose C．value D．preserve 15. A．regular B．extra C．potential D．special 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从小被教导要存敬畏之心，而不是大胆地去体验生活，造成了他的自我封闭。直到他读到一本书，建议他看淡结果，勇于尝试，使他从此走在成功之路上。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么我害怕接近别人，即使我非常需要一个朋友。A. judge判断；B. approach接近；C. appreciate感激；D. observe观察。根据上文“be afraid rather than to experience life”可知，作者害怕接近别人。故选B项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可能会说不，我怎么能忍受这种拒绝呢?。A. rejection拒绝；B. problem问题；C. demand要求；D. principle原则。根据上文“They might say no”可知，这是一种拒绝，作者忍受不了。故选A项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，一本书改变了我的生活。A. song歌曲；B. program程序；    C. movie电影；D. book书。根据下文“reading the book”可知，一本书改变了作者的生活。故选D项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在文章的最后，作者建议尝试一下读者刚刚读到的内容，但假装这是一项运动的季前赛——当结果无关紧要时。A. minded介意；B. suggested建议；C. avoided 避免；D. imagined想象。根据上文“At the end of it”可知，书的末尾，作者给出了建议。故选B项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在文章的最后，作家建议尝试一下读者刚刚读到的内容，但假装这是一项运动的季前赛——当结果无关紧要时。A. pretending假装；B. admitting承认；C. expecting期望；D. realizing意识到。根据下文“it was the preseason (季前赛) in a sport”可知，作家建议作者假装这是一项运动的季前赛。故选A项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在文章的最后，作者建议尝试一下读者刚刚读到的内容，但假装这是一项运动的季前赛——当结果无关紧要时。A. end结束B；change改变；C. matter要紧，有关系；D. exist存在。根据下文“It didn’t matter”可知，结果无关紧要。故选C项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的球队在常规赛中输球时，我无法忍受观看。A .bear忍受；B. wait等待；C. refuse拒绝；D. stop停止。根据上文“When my team would lose during the regular season”可知，作者无法忍受观看。故选A项。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不知何故，对我来说，这个建议是合适的。A. unnecessary没有必要；B. strange陌生的 ；C. misleading误导的；D. suitable适合的。根据下文“After reading the book, I would  ___9___  walk to anyone I found interesting and talk to them with no fear of being  ___10___”可知，这个建议适合作者。故选D项。 9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：读完这本书后，我会勇敢地走到任何我觉得有趣的人面前，和他们交谈，而不害怕被拒绝。A. bravely勇敢地；B. gratefully感激地；C. carefully认真地；D. regretfully后悔地。根据上文“Fortunately, a  ___3___  changed my life.”可知，书籍改变了作者，作者会勇敢地走到任何作者觉得有趣的人面前。故选A项。 10. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：读完这本书后，我会勇敢地走到任何我觉得有趣的人面前，和他们交谈，而不害怕被拒绝。A. left behind落后；B. taken over接管；C. relied on依靠；D. turned down拒绝。根据上文“That’s why I was afraid to  ___1___  others”可知，作者不害怕被拒绝了。故选D项。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，我感到非常放松，因为我知道结果并不重要，因为这是季前赛。A. awkward尴尬的；B. disappointed失望的； C. relaxed放松的；D. serious严肃的。根据下文“as I knew the results didn’t count because this was the preseason.”可知，作者感到放松。故选C项。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了交朋友，我发现这个工具在其他方面也很有用。A. simple简单的；B. useful有用的；C. rare稀少的；D. flexible灵活的。据下文“It allowed me to have a successful career”可知，这个工具在其他方面也是有用的。故选B项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：把消极变成了积极，给了一个理由，每次听到“不”这个词，就意味着我离“是”更近了一步。A. expression表达；B. chance机会；C. challenge挑战；D. reason原因。根据下文“every time I heard the word “no”, it meant I was one step closer to “yes”可知，这是作者的理由。故选D项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，我又有什么可失去的呢?。A. improve提高；B. lose丢失；C. value价值；D. preserve保护，维护。根据上文“I heard the word “no””以及“I tried many times.”可知，作者认为被拒绝没有什么可损失的，所以总是在尝试。故选B项。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我没有得到我想要的答案，我会继续寻找下一个潜在的机会。A. regular有规律的；B. extra额外；C. potential潜在的；D. special特殊的。根据上文“I tried many times.”可知，作者总是在尝试，有潜在的机会就会利用。故选C项。 Passage 4 （23-24高二下·广东·阶段练习）In 2001, I participated in an expedition to explore the Titanic. Our team used two small deep-sea robots, one blue and one green. My 1 was to ensure the robots’ batteries worked well. Unfortunately, the green robot 2 a problem on the third day of this ambitious adventure. It got 3 inside the Titanic. Even worse, one of its batteries was damaged. That was 4 , as the battery could explode. It could harm the robot and the ship. We had to find a way to get it out. In the middle of the vast ocean, though, there are no stores to buy 5 . So, we had an idea. We took a coat hanger and put it inside the blue robot. The 6 was to use the hanger’s hook to pull out the green robot. Accompanied by two fellow crew members, I prepared to go down in a three-man submarine (潜水艇). A machine lifted us and placed us in the 7 . Then we started to 8 — 12,500 feet to the ocean floor. At about 9,000 feet, a crewmate 9 touched some wires. Suddenly, all the submarine’s lights went out. We were in complete 10 . It was terrifying, but the skilled pilot swiftly fixed it , and we 11 our journey. Finally, upon reaching the site, we were 12 by a solemn (庄严的) scene where we started to see suitcases and shoes, serving as 13 reminders of the tragic events. For approximately 12 hours, we managed to 14 the trapped robot with the coat hanger. There was no way we were going to leave it behind — that little robot was part of our 15 . 1. A．interest B．job C．attitude D．achievement 2. A．understood B．avoided C．encountered D．addressed 3. A．misled B．upgraded C．lost D．stuck 4. A．dangerous B．confusing C．embarrassing D．unreliable 5. A．instructions B．phones C．weapons D．supplies 6. A．plan B．question C．message D．note 7. A．ship B．robot C．air D．water 8. A．swim B．work C．sink D．float 9. A．intentionally B．accidentally C．carefully D．frequently 10. A．loneliness B．tiredness C．darkness D．annoyance 11. A．gave up B．carried on C．paid for D．put off 12. A．challenged B．beaten C．greeted D．motivated 13. A．silent B．temporary C．friendly D．comforting 14. A．destroy B．free C．observe D．repair 15. A．journey B．life C．career D．team 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者参与救援水下机器人的经历。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是确保机器人的电池正常工作。A. interest兴趣；B. job工作；C. attitude态度；D. achievement成就。根据上文“In 2001, I participated in an expedition to explore the Titanic.”以及下文“ensure the robots’ batteries worked well.”可知，可知，这里指作者的工作内容。故选B项。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，在这次雄心勃勃的冒险的第三天，绿色机器人遇到了一个问题。A. understood理解；B. avoided避免；C. encountered遇到；D. addressed演说，演讲；处理。根据下文“It got  ___3___  inside the Titanic. Even worse, one of its batteries was damaged.”可知，机器人遇到了问题。故选C项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它卡在泰坦尼克号里面了。 A. misled误导；B. upgraded升级；C. lost丢失； D. stuck粘，贴；刺；卡住。根据下文“the trapped robot”可知，它卡在泰坦尼克号里面了。故选D项。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很危险，因为电池可能会爆炸。 A. dangerous危险的；B. confusing令人困惑；的 C. embarrassing令人尴尬的；D. unreliable不可依靠的。根据下文“as the battery could explode”可知，很危险。故选A项。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在浩瀚的海洋中央，没有商店可以购买物资。A. instructions说明；B. phones电话；C. weapons武器；D. supplies供给品；物资。根据上文“there are no stores”可知，在浩瀚的海洋中央，没有商店可以购买物资。故选D项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：计划是用吊架的钩子把绿色的机器人拉出来。 A. plan计划；B. question 问题；C. message信息；D. note笔记。根据下文“was to use the hanger’s hook to pull out the green robot.”可知，这是计划的内容。故选A项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一台机器把我们抬到水里。A. ship船；B. robot机器人；C. air空气；D. water水。根据下文“2,500 feet to the ocean floor.”可知，要下沉到海底，所以想要下到水里。故选D项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们开始下沉到一万二千五百英尺的海底。 A. swim游泳；B. work工作；C. sink下沉；D. float漂浮。根据下文“2,500 feet to the ocean floor.”可知，要下沉到海底。故选C项。 9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在大约9000英尺的高空，一名机组人员不小心碰到了一些电线。A. intentionally故意地；B. accidentally意外地；C. carefully认真地；D. frequenty频繁地。根据下文“touched some wires”可知，不小心碰到了一些电线。故选B项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们处于一片漆黑之中。A. loneliness孤独；B. tiredness疲惫；C. darkness黑暗；D. annoyance恼怒。根据上文“all the submarine’s lights went out.”可知，停电了，一片漆黑。故选C项。 11. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这是可怕的，但熟练的飞行员很快修好了它，我们继续我们的旅程。A. gave up放弃；B. carried on继续做；C. paid for支付；D. put off拖延。根据上文“but the skilled pilot swiftly fixed it”可知，修好了，所以继续我们的旅程。故选B项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，当我们到达现场时，迎接我们的是一个庄严的场景，我们开始看到行李箱和鞋子，作为对悲剧事件的无声提醒。A. challenged挑战；B. beaten打败；C. greeted问候；D. motivated激励。根据下文“by a solemn (庄严的) scene where we started to see suitcases and shoes”可知，迎接我们的是一个庄严的场景。故选C项。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，当我们到达现场时，迎接我们的是一个庄严的场景，我们开始看到行李箱和鞋子，作为对悲剧事件的无声提醒。A. silent沉默的；B. temporary暂时的；C. friendly友好的；D. comforting安慰的。根据上文“see suitcases and shoes”可知，这些都是无声的提醒。故选A项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：用了大约12个小时，我们终于用吊架把被困的机器人解救了出来。A. destroy破坏；B. free释放； C. observe观察；D. repair修理。根据下文“with the coat hanger.”以及“that little robot was part of our  ___15___”可知，成功救出了机器人。故选B项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不可能把它丢在一边——那个小机器人是我们团队的一员。A. journey旅程；B. life生活；C. career职业； D. team团队。根据上文“There was no way we were going to leave it behind”以及“Our team”可知，机器人是团队的一员。故选D项。 Passage 5 （23-24高二下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）During the first weeks of his retirement from the fire service, Max had felt lost. And that’s when Polly, a library manager, helped him sign up as a 1 , for Robot Club in the library. Max hadn’t volunteered before and he didn’t know anything about 2 . He opened the packs containing the robots, nervously staring at the mess of parts. A dozen primary-age children gathered around the table, 3 eagerly. Almost double the number of adults crowded around them, watching. Glancing around the 4 at the many parents and carers accompanying the robot builders, Max knew he had to face this 5 . “Okay, team,” he started 6 , adopting the tone he’d used to 7 his unit during his firefighting days. “We’re going to build these robots one step 8 .” The children nodded, their hands busy with screws (螺丝) and plastic limbs. Max wandered from table to table, 9 words of encouragement, and slowly but surely, 10 the instructions in his mind. An hour passed, and the room was filled with the sound of chatter and clinking parts. As the final minutes of Robot Club ticked away, Max stood back and 11 the room. Robots of all shapes and sizes stood on the tables. The children were excited, 12 their creations to anyone who would look. As they began to leave, many children stopped to thank Max. Each “thank you” and “see you next week” chipped away at the sense of 13 he had felt since retiring. He hadn’t put out a fire today, but perhaps he had 14 something far more important — a new 15 for himself. 1. A．volunteer B．writer C．builder D．fireman 2. A．books B．programs C．children D．robots 3. A．searching B．waiting C．reading D．arguing 4. A．table B．neighbourhood C．team D．library 5. A．competition B．consequence C．challenge D．conflict 6. A．calmly B．coldly C．casually D．weakly 7. A．form B．brief C．warn D．scan 8. A．at one time B．in no time C．at a time D．at no time 9. A．processing B．offering C．exchanging D．understanding 10. A．putting aside B．turning down C．keeping off D．piecing together 11. A．surveyed B．cleaned C．decorated D．left 12. A．bringing up B．calling on C．showing off D．giving away 13. A．freedom B．relief C．loss D．guilt 14. A．reviewed B．lighted C．assessed D．reserved 15. A．version B．belief C．approach D．purpose 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。从消防部门退休的头几个星期里，马克斯感到很失落，图书馆经理波莉帮助他报名成为图书馆机器人俱乐部的志愿者，在第一次完成志愿活动后，他找到了新的人生目标。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，图书馆经理波莉帮助他报名成为图书馆机器人俱乐部的志愿者。A. volunteer志愿者；B. writer作家；C. builder建立者；D. fireman消防员。根据后文“Max hadn’t volunteered before(马克斯以前没有做过志愿者)”可知，他报名成为图书馆机器人俱乐部的志愿者。故选A。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马克斯以前没有做过志愿者，而且他对机器人一无所知。A. books书籍；B. programs计划；C. children孩子；D. robots机器人。根据后文“He opened the packs containing the robots, nervously staring at the mess of parts. (他打开装着机器人的包装，紧张地盯着那堆乱七八糟的零件)”可知，他对机器人一无所知。故选D。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：十几个小学生围在桌子周围，急切地等着。A. searching搜索；B. waiting等待；C. reading阅读；D. arguing争论。根据前文“He opened the packs containing the robots, nervously staring at the mess of parts.(他打开装着机器人的包装，紧张地盯着那堆乱七八糟的零件)”可知，他打开装着机器人的包装，紧张地盯着那堆乱七八糟的零件，是因为十几个小学生正急切地等待着。故选B。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马克斯环顾图书馆，看到许多陪伴机器人制造者的家长和护工，他知道自己必须面对这个挑战。 A. table桌子；B. neighbourhood邻居；C. team团队；D. library图书馆。根据上文“in the library”可知，马克斯环顾图书馆。故选D。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马克斯环顾图书馆，看到许多陪伴机器人制造者的家长和护工，他知道自己必须面对这个挑战。A. competition比赛；B. consequence结果；C. challenge挑战；D. conflict冲突。根据前文“He opened the packs containing the robots, nervously staring at the mess of parts.(他打开装着机器人的包装，紧张地盯着那堆乱七八糟的零件)”可知，他紧张地盯着那堆乱七八糟的零件，这说明他正在面对这个挑战。故选C。 6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“好了，队员们，”他平静地开始说，用的是他当消防员时向队员们汇报的语气。A. calmly平静地；B. coldly冷淡地；C. casually随意地；D. weakly虚弱地。根据“adopting the tone he’d used to brief his unit during his firefighting days”可知，完成任务后，他平静地说。故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“好了，队员们，”他平静地开始说，用的是他当消防员时向队员们汇报的语气。A. form形成；B. brief给……指示；向……介绍情况；C. warn警告；D. scan细看，审视。根据下文“during his firefighting days”可知，用的是他当消防员时向队员们汇报的语气。故选B项。 8. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们将一步一步地制造这些机器人。A. at one time曾经；B. in no time立即；  C. at a time一次；D. at no time决不。根据常识得知，制造机器人需要一步一步按照程序完成。故选C项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克斯从一张桌子走到另一张桌子，一边说着鼓励的话，一边缓慢而坚定地在脑海中拼凑出指示。A. processing加工；B. offering给予；C. exchanging交换；D. understanding理解。根据“words of encouragement”可知，此处是指给予鼓励的话。故选B。 10. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：马克斯从一张桌子走到另一张桌子，一边说着鼓励的话，一边缓慢而坚定地在脑海中拼凑出指示。A. putting aside放一边；B. turning down拒绝；C. keeping off不要踩上；D. piecing together拼凑。根据上文“Max wandered from table to table, 　　9　　 words of encouragement, and slowly but surely”可知，在脑海中拼凑出指示。故选D。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：机器人俱乐部的最后几分钟一分一秒地过去了，马克斯退后一步，审视着房间。A. surveyed审视；B. cleaned清洁；C. decorated装饰；D. left离开。根据“Max stood back and”和后文“Robots of all shapes and sizes stood on the tables.(各种形状和大小的机器人站在桌子上)”可知，此处是指退后一步审视着房间。故选A。 12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：孩子们很兴奋，向任何愿意看的人炫耀他们的作品。A. bringing up抚养；B. calling on拜访；C. showing off炫耀；D. giving away泄露。根据“their creations to anyone who would look”可知，此处是指向任何愿意看的人炫耀他们的作品。故选C。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一句“谢谢”和“下周见”都让他退休后的失落感一点点消失。A. freedom自由；B. relief缓解；C. loss失落；D. guilt内疚。根据“he had felt since retiring”可知，他退休后感到失落。故选C。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他今天没有扑灭一团火，但也许他点燃了更重要的东西——一个新的人生目标。 A. reviewed仔细研究，审视；B. lighted（使）照亮，点燃；C. assessed评价，评定；D. reserved预订；保留。根据上文“He hadn’t put out a fire today, but”可知，与扑灭相对应的是点然。故选B。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他今天没有扑灭一团火，但也许他点燃了更重要的东西——一个新的人生目标。A. version版本；B. belief信仰；C. approach方法；D. purpose目标。根据“He hadn’t put out a fire today, but perhaps he had lighted something far more important”可知，此处是指一个新的人生目标。故选D。 Passage 6 （23-24高二下·辽宁·开学考试）Vicky Umodu from Colton in California was in the process of moving into her new home. She was in urgent 1 of furniture but couldn’t afford to buy anything 2 or used. So she decided to search online for other options. She was 3 to find a lovely furniture set that was being given away. It looked hardly used. Vicky then contacted the owner of the furniture 4 and was more than blessed to have it. Once she got it home, she started to 5 the furniture. But she noticed something a little 6 about one of the chairs. The cushion (坐垫) felt uneven. As she inspected the cushion, she 7 what she was feeling was perhaps a hot water bottle under the cushion cover. But to her 8 , she found dozens of envelopes full of money! Instead of keeping it, she right away 9 the money to the owner of the furniture. Much to her surprise, she later learned the furniture 10 the owner’s grandma who passed away last month and the owner had no 11 that his grandma saved money by 12 envelopes of money in furniture. Vicky’s 13 turned into a double blessing. Not only did she find favorite furniture, but the owner of the furniture also gave her a(n) 14 ! He gave her extra cash to buy a new fridge. What a valuable 15 she is teaching her children and the world! 1. A．advance B．charge C．favor D．need 2. A．flexible B．real C．new D．simple 3. A．delighted B．discouraged C．honored D．puzzled 4. A．worriedly B．slightly C．immediately D．secretly 5. A．assess B．exchange C．arrange D．design 6. A．horrible B．strong C．awesome D．strange 7. A．realized B．recognized C．assumed D．believed 8. A．regret B．relief C．joy D．shock 9. A．lent B．returned C．presented D．offered 10. A．belonged to B．contributed to C．subscribed to D．adapted to 11. A．intention B．idea C．business D．choice 12. A．distributing B．showing C．earning D．hiding 13. A．generosity B．honesty C．affection D．confidence 14. A．reward B．order C．promotion D．certificate 15. A．fridge B．gift C．heart D．lesson 【答案】 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了维姬（Vicky）一家人刚搬新家，买不起家具，幸运的是，在网上寻找到别人赠送的家具。但在布置家具时，发现原家具主人藏的一大笔钱，她并没有想到占为己有，而是选择立即返还。她的美好品德，值得她的孩子和人们学习。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她急需家具，但买不起新的或二手的。A. advance前进，进步；B. charge管理，电荷，费用；C. favor帮助；D. need需要。根据前文“in the process of moving into her new home”可知，她刚搬新家，所以需要家具。故选D项。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她急需家具，但买不起新的或二手的。A. flexible灵活的；B. real真的；C. new新的；D. simple简单的。根据“couldn’t afford”和“used”可知，她连二手家具都买不起，所以也买不起新的。故选C项。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴地发现一套可爱的家具正在被赠送。A. delighted高兴的；B. discouraged受挫的；C. honored光荣的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据后文“given away”可知，当她知道有一套家具被赠送时，心情肯定是高兴的。故选A项。 4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，维姬（Vicky）立即联系了家具的主人，并非常幸运地拥有了它。A. worriedly担心地；B. slightly轻微地；C. immediately立刻地；D. secretly秘密地。根据前文可知，她没有钱买家具，当她得知有免费的赠送家具时，她非常高兴，所以她立刻就联系了家具主人。故选C项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一回到家，她就开始布置家具。A. assess评估； B. exchange交换；C. arrange布置，安排；D. design设计。根据前文“in the process of moving into her new home”可知，她刚搬新家，所以获得赠送的家具后，她就立刻布置起来。故选C项。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她注意到其中一把椅子有点奇怪。A. horrible可怕的；B. strong强壮的；C. awesome令人惊叹的；D. strange奇怪的。根据后文“The cushion(坐垫) felt uneven.”可知，坐垫摸起来不平整，所以看起来有点奇怪。故选D项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她检查垫子时，她猜想垫子下面她摸到的可能是的一个热水瓶。A. realized实现；B. recognized识别；C. assumed猜想，假设；D. believed相信。根据后文的feeling，可知，她还不知道垫子下面是什么，所以只能用猜想。故选C项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但令她震惊的是，她发现了几十个装满钱的信封！A. regret后悔，遗憾；B. relief放松，缓解；C. joy高兴；D. shock震惊。联系上下文，从赠送的家具中发现那么多现金，可知，她的第一反应应该是非常震惊。故选D项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有把钱留着，而是马上把钱还给了家具的主人。A. lent借出；B. returned返回，归还；C. presented展示，展现；D. offered提供。根据后文“she later learned the furniture belonged to the owner’s grandma who passed away last month and the owner had no idea that his grandma saved money by hiding envelopes of money in furniture.”可知，她联系了家具主人，并且把钱还给了他，后来也知道的这个钱的来源。故选B项。 10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：令她惊讶的是，后来她才知道这些家具是主人上个月去世的奶奶的，主人不知道他的奶奶把钱藏在家具里。A. belonged to属于；B. contributed to归功于；C. subscribed to订阅，同意；D. adapted to适应。根据后文“the owner had no idea that his grandma saved money by hiding envelopes of money in furniture.”可知，家具的主人不知道凳子下面存有钱，是因为家具是他过世的奶奶的。故选A项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令她惊讶的是，后来她才知道这些家具是主人上个月去世的奶奶的，主人不知道他的奶奶把钱藏在家具里。A. intention打算；B. idea想法；C. business生意；D. choice选择。根据上下文内容，可知，家具主人是不知道凳子下面有钱的。have no idea 意为“不知道”。故选B项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令她惊讶的是，后来她才知道这些家具是主人上个月去世的奶奶的，主人不知道他的奶奶把钱藏在家具里。A. distributing干扰；B. showing展示；C. earning挣得；D. hiding隐藏。根据前文“she found dozens of envelopes full of money”以及过世奶奶的家人不知道这个钱的存在，可知，钱是被藏在椅子下面的。故选D项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：维姬（Vicky）的诚实变成了两件好事。A. generosity慷慨；B. honesty诚实；C. affection喜爱；D. confidence自信。根据前文“Instead of keeping it, she right away returned the money to the owner of the furniture.”可知，维姬（Vicky）没有把钱私藏起来，而是立即还给了家具主人，说明她很诚实。故选B项。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不仅找到了最喜欢的家具，而且家具的主人还给了她一个回报。A. reward回报，报酬；B. order顺序，订单；C. promotion提升；D. certificate证书。根据后文“He gave her extra cash to buy a new fridge.”可知，家具主人给她钱买了一个新冰箱，这就是给她的回报，也是她的第二个好事。故选A项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她给她的孩子和世界的人们上了多么宝贵的一课啊!A. fridge冰箱；B. gift礼物；C. heart心脏；D. lesson教训。根据前文内容可知，维姬虽然很穷，但在发现原家具主人的一大笔钱时，她并没有想到占为己有，而是选择立即返还。她的美好品德，值得她的孩子和人们学习。故选D项。 Passage 7 （24-25高二下·云南昭通·开学考试）When she first looked for her wedding dress, Stulgis had a budget (预算) of $1,000. After trying on some dresses, she was shown a champagne-colored dress by the salesgirl. “I got tears in my eyes because it was the dress I was really 1 for,” she admitted. The only problem: it was over her budget. After some encouragement from her mother, Stulgis 2 it. She explained, “Although I hadn’t enough money, that dress was 3 made for me.” As most brides (新娘)do, she folded her wedding dress in her 4 when the wedding ceremony was over. Realizing the dress would be 5 if it continued to sit there, she decided to give it away. Stulgis turned to Facebook to search for a selfless bride. In the post, there were two 6 : the bride must have their ceremony within three months and the dress must be passed onto others. Over 70 messages 7 into Stulgis’ mailbox soon. Hyde had planned on making her own dress before she saw the 8 on Stulgis’ Facebook. She told her sister Ashley that she wanted to 9 but was hesitant. So, Ashley emailed Stulgis, describing Hyde as the most 10 person she knew. Stulgis was 11 by Ashley’s message. On June 4, Hyde was told she was chosen. “It was 12 ,” she said excitedly. Hyde 13 to follow the traveling dress requests. After that, Stulgis 14 a Facebook group called Shared Dream Dresses. Since June, 200 dresses have been given away. She shared, “I want people to feel like they are worth something. I want them to 15 their dress dreams without worrying about buying one. A dress shouldn’t be kept in the closet.” 1. A．late B．thirsty C．proud D．ready 2. A．learned B．hung C．purchased D．covered 3. A．probably B．directly C．sincerely D．seemingly 4. A．cupboard B．pocket C．store D．ward 5. A．valued B．treasured C．wasted D．doubted 6. A．suggestions B．requirements C．plans D．inventions 7. A．changed B．turned C．knocked D．flooded 8. A．suit B．trip C．post D．photo 9. A．apply B．leave C．forget D．develop 10. A．popular B．important C．selfless D．interesting 11. A．shocked B．educated C．ignored D．touched 12. A．amazing B．tiring C．puzzling D．boring 13. A．asked B．promised C．hoped D．tried 14. A．changed B．started C．invited D．collected 15. A．write B．protect C．send D．realize 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Stulgis在婚礼后将自己心爱的婚纱送给有需要的新娘，并创建了Shared Dream Dresses脸书群组，让更多人实现婚纱梦想的故事。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她承认：“我眼里含着泪水，因为这是我真正渴望的裙子。”A. late晚的；B. thirsty渴望的；C. proud骄傲的；D. ready准备好的。根据下文“Although I hadn’t enough money, that dress was 　　3　　 made for me.”可知，虽然Stulgis没有足够的钱，但她还是买了这条裙子，说明她非常渴望这条裙子。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在母亲的鼓励下，Stulgis买下了它。A. learned学习；B. hung悬挂；C. purchased购买；D. covered覆盖。根据下文“Although I hadn’t enough money, that dress was 　　3　　 made for me.”可知，Stulgis买下了这条裙子。故选C。 3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她解释到：“虽然我没有足够的钱，但那条裙子似乎是为我量身定做的。”A. probably可能地；B. directly直接地；C. sincerely真诚地；D. seemingly似乎，好像。根据“Although I hadn’t enough money”可知，虽然Stulgis没有足够的钱，但她还是觉得这条裙子好像是为她量身定做的，说明她非常喜欢这条裙子。故选D。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：和大多数新娘一样，婚礼结束后，她把婚纱叠好放在衣橱里。A. cupboard橱柜，衣橱；B. pocket口袋；C. store商店；D. ward病房。根据下文“Realizing the dress would be 　　5　　 if it continued to sit there”可知，Stulgis把婚纱放在了衣橱里。故选A。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到如果婚纱继续放在那里，就会被浪费掉，她决定把它送人。A. valued重视；B. treasured珍爱；C. wasted浪费；D. doubted怀疑。根据下文“she decided to give it away”可知，Stulgis觉得婚纱放在衣橱里会被浪费，所以决定把它送人。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在帖子中，有两个要求：新娘必须在三个月内举行婚礼，并且婚纱必须传给别人。A. suggestions建议；B. requirements要求；C. plans计划；D. inventions发明。根据下文“the bride must have their ceremony within three months and the dress must be passed onto others”可知，这是Stulgis在脸书上发帖送婚纱的两个要求。故选B。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，Stulgis的邮箱就收到了70多条信息。A. changed改变；B. turned转动；C. knocked敲；D. flooded淹没。根据上文“Over 70 messages”可知，Stulgis的邮箱被70多条信息淹没了。故选D。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hyde 原本打算自己做婚纱，直到她看到Stulgis在脸书上的帖子。A. suit套装；B. trip旅行；C. post帖子；D. photo照片。根据上文“Stulgis turned to Facebook to search for a selfless bride.”可知，Stulgis在脸书上发帖寻找无私的新娘，Hyde 看到了这个帖子。故选C。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉妹妹Ashley，她想申请，但又犹豫不决。A. apply申请；B. leave离开；C. forget忘记；D. develop发展。根据下文“but was hesitant”可知，Hyde 想申请婚纱，但又犹豫不决。故选A。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：于是，Ashley给Stulgis发了邮件，称Hyde是她认识的最无私的人。A. popular流行的；B. important重要的；C. selfless无私的；D. interesting有趣的。根据上文“Stulgis turned to Facebook to search for a selfless bride.”可知，Stulgis在寻找无私的新娘，Ashley称Hyde 是无私的人，所以Hyde符合Stulgis的要求。故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Stulgis被Ashley的留言打动了。A. shocked震惊；B. educated教育；C. ignored忽视；D. touched打动。根据下文“On June 4, Hyde was told she was chosen.”可知，Stulgis选择了Hyde ，说明她被Ashley的留言打动了。故选D。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“太令人惊叹了，”她兴奋地说。A. amazing令人惊叹的；B. tiring令人疲惫的；C. puzzling令人困惑的；D. boring无聊的。根据下文“she said excitedly”可知，Hyde被选中后很兴奋，觉得这件事很令人惊叹。故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hyde答应遵循传递婚纱的要求。A. asked询问；B. promised承诺；C. hoped希望；D. tried尝试。根据下文“to follow the traveling dress requests”可知，Hyde 承诺会遵循传递婚纱的要求。故选B。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：之后，Stulgis创建了一个名为“共享梦想婚纱”的脸书群组。A. changed改变；B. started创建；C. invited邀请；D. collected收集。根据下文“a Facebook group called Shared Dream Dresses”可知，Stulgis创建了一个脸书群组。故选B。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望他们能在不担心购买婚纱的情况下实现自己的婚纱梦想。A. write写；B. protect保护；C. send发送；D. realize实现。根据下文“their dress dreams without worrying about buying one”可知，Stulgis希望人们能实现自己的婚纱梦想，而不用担心购买婚纱的问题。故选D。 Passage 8 （22-23高二下·浙江·开学考试）Smith Justice and his son were coming back from the dentist, when they saw a homeless man in the road. Smith 1 to give the man some money, but didn’t have any cash. His son suggested giving the man the 30 cents he had. But Smith was 2 . He didn’t want to give this man just 30 cents since the man 3 needed all the help he could get. Moreover, his own pride and thoughts of the homeless man’s unknown 4 to receiving just thirty cents was standing 5 . Smith told his son what people saw as a good thing was not good enough to make a 6 in someone’s life. But his son insisted. Smith 7 the window and said to the man, “I’m sorry, man. I don’t have any 8 on me but my son wants to give you everything he has right now.” The homeless man smiled, “God bless you, little man!” At that moment, the only thing 9 the brightness of the man’s smile was the bigger smile on the little boy’s face. A chain reaction of kindness 10 behind them that day in Nashville, Tennessee, as other people rolled down their windows to 11 , too. Smith suddenly 12 that he was the only problem in this situation. He said, “My little boy 13 me by his actions that it’s always about the heart. It doesn’t 14 how much you have or how little. 15 love and sincerity will often bless others more than we think. ” 1. A．managed B．promised C．intended D．agreed 2. A．confused B．doubtful C．tense D．hesitant 3. A．normally B．clearly C．secretly D．formally 4. A．reaction B．devotion C．objection D．solution 5. A．out of sight B．out of control C．in the way D．in the charge 6. A．fortune B．difference C．name D．commitment 7. A．rolled down B．reached for C．looked through D．lifted up 8. A．check B．card C．cash D．food 9. A．matching B．replacing C．reflecting D．showing 10. A．changed B．stopped C．remained D．started 11. A．greet B．smile C．chat D．donate 12. A．remembered B．realized C．accepted D．regretted 13. A．reminded B．comforted C．praised D．warned 14. A．help B．work C．mean D．matter 15. A．Returning B．Accepting C．Spreading D．Seeking 【答案】 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了父亲和儿子看到路边无家可归的人时，父亲身上没有现金，儿子想要将身上仅有的30分美元给他，然而父亲却觉得钱少了，但儿子却坚持这么做。最后，父亲明白了，帮助不在于多少，而在于爱和真诚的传递。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Smith打算给他一些钱，但是他没有现金。A. managed设法；B. promised承诺；C. intended打算；D. agreed同意。根据后文“His son suggested giving the man the 30 cents he had.”可知，此处指Smith打算给无家可归的那个人一些钱，故选C。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是Smith犹豫了。A. confused困惑的；B. doubtful困惑的；C. tense紧张的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据后文“He didn’t want to give this man just 30 cents since the man 　　3　　 needed all the help he could get.”可知，此处指Smith犹豫了，因为那个人看起来不仅仅只需要这30分美元，故选D。 3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他不想只给他30分美元，因为很明显，这个男的需要的是他能提供的所有。A. normally正常地；B. clearly明显地，清楚地；C. secretly秘密地；D. formally正式地。根据前文“when they saw a homeless man in the road.”可知，此处指很明显，这个物价可归的人需要的是更多的帮助，故选B。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且，他的自尊以及不知道这个男的收到30分美元的反应都阻碍了他只给他30分美元。A. reaction反应；B. devotion贡献；C. objection拒绝；D. solution解决方法。根据空后“to receiving just thirty cents”可知，此处指无家可归的人收到30分美元的反应，故选A。 5. 考查短语词义辨析。句意：同上。A. out of sight看不见；B. out of control不受控制；C. in the way妨碍，阻碍；D. in the charge由……负责。根据前文“He didn’t want to give this man just 30 cents”可知，他本就不想只给他30分美元，故此处指，而且他的自尊也阻碍了他给他30分美元，故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Smith告诉儿子，人们认为的好事是不足以改变一个人的生活的。A. fortune财富，运气；B. difference不同，差异；C. name名字；D. commitment承诺，献身。根据空前“what people saw as a good thing was not good enough to make a”可知，此处指人们认为的好事不足以改变一个人的生活，故此处make a difference in one’s life改变人的生活，故选B。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Smith摇下窗户，对那个人说：“伙计，不好意思，我身上没有现金，但是我儿子想要给你他现在所有的钱。” A. rolled down摇下；B. reached for伸手去够；C. looked through通过……看；D. lifted up抬起。根据后文“as other people rolled down their windows to 　　11　　, too.”的提示可知，此处指摇下车窗，故选A。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. check支票；B. card卡，卡片；C. cash现金；D. food食物。根据前文“Smith 　　1　　 to give the man some money, but didn’t have any cash.”可知，此处指Smith身上没有现金，故选C。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此时，唯一能匹配这个男的灿烂的笑容就是小男孩脸上更灿烂的笑容。A. matching匹配，配得上；B. replacing替代；C. reflecting反映，思考；D. showing展示，显示。根据空后“the brightness of the man’s smile”可知，此处指唯一配得上他灿烂的笑容就是小男孩更灿烂的笑容，故选A。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在田纳西州，纳什维尔，那一天，他们身后开始了一连串的善举，当其他人摇下车窗，也和他们一样为无家可归的人捐赠钱的时候。A. changed改变；B. stopped停止；C. remained仍然存在；D. started开始。根据后文“as other people rolled down their windows to 　　11　　, too.”可知，此处指很多人像他们一样，故指开始了一连串的善举，故选D。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. greet打招呼；B. smile微笑；C. chat聊天；D. donate捐赠。根据前文“but my son wants to give you everything he has right now.”可知，Smith的儿子将身上所有的钱都给了那个无家可归的人，故此处指其他人像他们一样，摇下车窗，给路边无家可归的人捐赠一些钱，故选D。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Smith突然意识到，在这种情况下，他是唯一的问题。A. remembered记住；B. realized意识到；C. accepted接受；D. regretted遗憾，后悔。根据后文“that he was the only problem in this situation.”可知，此处指Smith意识到，这是他自己的问题，故选B。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的儿子通过他的行为提醒了我，这一些跟心灵有关。A. reminded提醒；B. comforted安慰；C. praised表扬；D. warned警告。根据空后“me by his actions that it’s always about the heart.”可知，此处指儿子通过他的行为提醒Smith，这一些都与心灵有关，故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论你有多还是少，这都没关系。A. help有帮助；B. work起作用，生效；C. mean意味着；D. matter有关系，要紧。根据空后“how much you have or how little.”可知，此处指你赠予的是多还是少，这都没关系，故选D。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：传递爱和真诚比我们想象中更能祝福别人。A. Returning归还；B. Accepting接受；C. Spreading传递，传播；D. Seeking寻找。根据前文“A chain reaction of kindness 　　10　　 behind them that day in Nashville, Tennessee, as other people rolled down their windows to 　　11　　, too.”可知，此处指传递爱和真诚，故选C。 Passage 9 （24-25高二下·湖南·开学考试）After graduation, I decided to take the gym seriously. Accompanied by a friend, I started a 1 of walking on the treadmill (跑步机), I was 2 with our regular practice in the gym. My friend, however, became bored. One day, he suggested that we 3 an outdoor sport. I was not a harmonious person in motion, so I 4 his idea. But several weeks later, he managed to 5 me to step onto an outdoor racquetball (美式壁球) court. When I hit the ball, I sent it flying in every direction except the direction that I had 6 . Still, somehow, I tried hard to learn it and became 7 after constantly practicing. “We’re not getting enough 8 on the treadmill. Why not play tennis to build up our body?” suggested my friend. “Tennis? I can’t play tennis! That 9 real skills!” I firmly resisted his new 10 . Nevertheless, weeks later, I started playing tennis. After several months of painful practice, one day, as the ball came flying towards me, my racket and the ball met in what tennis players 11 as the “sweet spot”. I 12 learned how to play tennis properly! I learned an extremely valuable 13 from these experiences: I can do whatever I set my mind on. I just need to put in efforts, and the results will 14 . And I become quite 15 about trying new things and I’m always filled with a sense of excitement. 1. A．trade B．duty C．show D．routine 2. A．content B．familiar C．disappointed D．careful 3. A．take up B．show off C．reflect on D．finish with 4. A．supported B．rejected C．teased D．understood 5. A．remind B．allow C．persuade D．expect 6. A．imagined B．intended C．agreed D．found 7. A．considerate B．cautious C．patient D．skillful 8. A．movement B．response C．exercise D．experience 9. A．assesses B．involves C．improves D．displays 10. A．attempt B．chance C．method D．assistance 11. A．rule out B．refer to C．make up D．set down 12. A．casually B．formally C．frequently D．eventually 13. A．concept B．theory C．lesson D．standard 14. A．stay B．follow C．remain D．help 15. A．hesitant B．flexible C．particular D．passionate 【答案】 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在朋友的建议下，尝试了新的运动，从中学到了非常宝贵的一课：我可以做任何我想做的事。只需要付出努力，结果自然会来的。此后作者对尝试新事物充满热情，总是充满兴奋感。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个朋友的陪同下，我开始在跑步机上行走，我对我们在健身房的常规练习感到满意。A. trade贸易；B. duty义务；C. show展示；D. routine常规。根据上文“After graduation, I decided to take the gym seriously.(毕业后，我决定认真对待健身房)”可知，作者决定认真锻炼，所以开始在跑步机上进行常规行走，故选D。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个朋友的陪同下，我开始在跑步机上行走，我对我们在健身房的常规练习感到满意。A. content满足的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. disappointed失望的；D. careful仔细的。根据后文“My friend, however, became bored.”中however表示转折，可知，朋友厌倦，而作者感到满意。故选A。 3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他建议我们参加一项户外运动。A. take up开始从事；B. show off炫耀；C. reflect on反思；D. finish with停止处理。根据后文“an outdoor sport”可知，这里指从事户外运动。故选A。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个行动和谐的人，所以我拒绝了他的意见。A. supported支持；B. rejected拒绝；C. teased嘲笑；D. understood理解。根据上文“I was not a harmonious person in motion”可知，作者动作不协调，所以拒绝了这个想法。故选B。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但几周后，他设法说服我去户外壁球场上打球。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. expect期待。根据后文“me to step onto an outdoor racquetball court”可知，这里指朋友说服了作者去户外壁球场上打球。故选C。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我击球时，我让它朝各个方向飞，就是没有朝我想要的方向飞。A. imagined想象；B. intended打算；C. agreed同意；D. found找到。根据上文“I sent it flying in every direction except the direction that I had”可知，这里指球没有按照作者的意图方向飞。故选B。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，不知何故，我努力学习，并在不断练习后变得熟练。A. considerate体贴的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. patient耐心的；D. skillful熟练的。根据后文“after constantly practicing”可知，不断练习以后，作者变得熟练起来。故选D。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在跑步机上没有得到足够的锻炼。A. movement运动；B. response反应；C. exercise锻炼；D. experience经验。根据后文“on the treadmill”以及上文提到作者在健身房锻炼，可知此处指在跑步机上没有得到足够的锻炼。故选C。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这需要真正的技能！A. assesses评估；B. involves包含；C. improves改善；D. displays展示。根据前文“Tennis? I can’t play tennis!”和后文“real skills!”可知，作者认为打网球需要真正的技能。故选B。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我坚决反对他的新尝试。A. attempt尝试；B. chance机会；C. method方法；D. assistance帮助。根据上文“Why not play tennis to build up our body?(为什么不打网球来强身健体呢？)”可知，这里指打网球，也就是这个新的尝试。故选A。 11. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过几个月的痛苦练习，有一天，当球飞向我时，我的球拍和球在网球运动员所说的“甜蜜点”相遇了。A. rule out排除；B. refer to参考；C. make up组成；D. set down写下。根据后文“as the “sweet spot””可知，此处指被称为“甜蜜点”为短语refer to as。故选B。 12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我终于学会了如何正确地打网球！A. casually随意地；B. formally正式地；C. frequently频繁地；D. eventually最后。根据后文“learned how to play tennis properly!”可知，作者最后学会了如何正确地打网球。故选D。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从这些经历中学到了非常宝贵的一课：我可以做任何我想做的事。A. concept概念；B. theory理论；C. lesson课程；D. standard标准。后文“I can do whatever I set my mind on.”可知，作者从经历中学到了一课：我可以做任何我想做的事。故选C。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只需要付出努力，结果自然会来的。A. stay停留；B. follow跟随；C. remain逗留；D. help帮助。根据上文“I just need to put in efforts, and the results will”可知，付出努力，结果会紧随而来。故选B。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对尝试新事物充满热情，我总是充满兴奋感。A. hesitant犹豫的；B. flexible灵活的；C. particular特定的；D. passionate热情的。根据上文“I can do whatever I set my mind on.(我可以做任何我想做的事)”以及后文“about trying new things and I’m always filled with a sense of excitement”可知，作者意识到自己可以做任何想做的事，所以此后对尝试新事物充满热情，总是充满兴奋感。故选D。 Passage 10 （24-25高二下·湖南·阶段练习）As a journalist, I was so excited to cover a new adventure to Qomolangma. Yet things didn’t turn out the way I wanted — Once I got off the vehicle at the base camp, I was 1 by dizziness (眩晕) and shortness of breath — 2 of mountain sickness. Even the act of taking a few steps demanded an extraordinary amount of 3 . At that moment, a question 4 within me: Why do people keep climbing Mount Qomolangma? When asked this question, British mountaineer George Mallory gave his famous 5 : Because it’s there. Mallory reminds me of countless climbers who have put their lives at risk to 6 the mountain’s towering height with their own footsteps. They 7 an almost vertical (垂直的) wall close to the top. It is so difficult to find 8 points for climbing that the earliest climbers thought no one could get past the wall. In 1960, Liu Lianman, a Chinese climber, 9 to let his teammates step on his shoulders to cross the wall. Already 10 , he gathered all his strength to uplift his teammates. Though his 11 did not appear on the list of those who reached the top, Liu is undoubtedly a true 12 . I recalled the interview with Dong Hongjuan, the first woman to conquer (征服)14 mountains above 8,000 meters, who 13 understands how small humans are compared to 14 . She told me, “I never felt I conquered those mountains; it’s just that the mountains 15 me.” 1. A．drawn B．abandoned C．overcome D．sheltered 2. A．symbols B．signs C．manners D．causes 3. A．patience B．effort C．knowledge D．practice 4. A．ended B．expanded C．arose D．returned 5. A．reply B．suggestion C．resolution D．guidance 6. A．occupy B．measure C．confirm D．protect 7. A．run into B．depend on C．pull down D．put up 8. A．checking B．viewing C．starting D．supporting 9. A．hesitated B．pretended C．happened D．offered 10. A．starved B．heart-broken C．worn-out D．annoyed 11. A．motive B．achievement C．teammate D．name 12. A．hero B．champion C．genius D．pioneer 13. A．fortunately B．eagerly C．deeply D．merely 14. A．nature B．ambition C．emotion D．science 15. A．defeated B．discovered C．prohibited D．accepted 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者作为记者报道攀登珠穆朗玛峰的冒险活动，自己在大本营因高山反应而不适，由此引发对人们为何要攀登珠峰的思考，文中讲述了中国登山者刘连满的事迹以及首位征服14座8000米以上山峰的女性董红娟的感悟，强调了人类在自然面前的渺小。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而事情并没有像我想的那样发展——当我在大本营下车时，我感到头晕和呼吸急促——这是高原反应的征兆。A. drawn吸引，拉；B. abandoned抛弃，遗弃；C. overcome克服，战胜，被…… 控制；D. sheltered庇护，掩蔽。根据下文“by dizziness (眩晕) and shortness of breath”可知，作者一下车就被眩晕和呼吸困难所“征服；控制”。故选C项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而事情并没有像我想的那样发展——当我在大本营下车时，我感到头晕和呼吸急促——这是高原反应的征兆。A. symbols象征，符号；B. signs迹象，征兆；C. manners方式，礼仪；D. causes原因。根据上文“dizziness (眩晕) and shortness of breath”是高原反应的“迹象；征兆”。故选B项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使只是迈出几步，也需要付出极大的努力。A. patience耐心；B. effort努力；C. knowledge知识；D. practice练习。根据上文“dizziness (眩晕) and shortness of breath — 　　2　　 of mountain sickness”可知，因为作者有高山反应，所以即使是走几步路也需要付出极大的“努力”。故选B项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一刻，我心中产生了一个问题：为什么人们一直在攀登珠穆朗玛峰？A. ended结束；B. expanded扩展；C. arose出现，产生；D. returned返回。根据语境以及下文“Why do people keep climbing Mount Qomolangma?”可知，作者此时心里“产生”了一个问题。故选C项。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及这个问题时，英国登山家乔治·马洛里给出了他著名的回答：因为它在那里。A. reply回答，答复；B. suggestion建议；C. resolution决心，决议；D. guidance指导。前面提到“When asked this question”，所以这里是英国登山家乔治・马洛里给出了他著名的“回答”。故选A项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：马洛里让我想起了无数的登山者，他们冒着生命危险，用自己的脚步测量这座山的高度。A. occupy占领，占据；B. measure测量，度量；C. confirm证实；D. protect保护。根据下文“the mountain’s towering height with their own footsteps”可知，无数登山者冒着生命危险用自己的脚步去“丈量”这座山的高度。故选B项。 7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们在接近顶部的地方遇到了一堵几乎垂直的墙。A. run into偶然遇到，撞上；B. depend on依靠；C. pull down拆毁，拉下；D. put up张贴，搭建，举起。根据语境以及下文“an almost vertical wall close to the top”可知，他们“遇到”了接近山顶的近乎垂直的崖壁。故选A项。 8. 考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：要找到攀岩的支撑点是如此困难，以至于最早的登山者认为没有人能翻过这堵墙。A. checking检查；B. viewing观看；C. starting开始；D. supporting支撑的。根据上文“an almost vertical wall close to the top”可知，因为墙近乎垂直，所以很难找到用于攀爬的“支撑”点。故选D项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1960年，中国攀岩运动员刘连满提出让队友踩在他的肩膀上翻越这堵墙。A. hesitated 犹豫；B. pretended假装；C. happened发生；D. offered提供，主动提出。根据下文“to let his teammates step on his shoulders to cross the wall”可知，中国登山者刘连满“主动提出”让队友踩在他的肩膀上越过那堵墙。故选D项。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然已经筋疲力尽，但他还是鼓起了所有的力量去鼓舞队友。A. starved饥饿的；B. heart-broken心碎的；C. worn-out疲惫不堪的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据前文描述以及下文“he gathered all his strength to uplift his teammates”，刘连满已经很“疲惫不堪”了，但还是聚集力量托起队友。故选C项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的名字没有出现在登顶者的名单上，但他无疑是一位真正的英雄。A. motive动机，目的；B. achievement成就；C. teammate队友；D. name名字。根据下文“did not appear on the list of those who reached the top”可知，是他的“名字”没有出现在登顶者的名单上。故选D项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的名字没有出现在登顶者的名单上，但他无疑是一位真正的英雄。A. hero英雄；B. champion冠军；C. genius天才；D. pioneer先锋。根据上文“he gathered all his strength to uplift his teammates. ”和“Though his 　　11　　 did not appear on the list of those who reached the top”可知，尽管刘连满没有在登顶名单上，但他无疑是一个真正的“英雄”。故选A项。 13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我想起了对董红娟的采访，她是第一个征服14座8000米以上山峰的女性，她深深理解与自然相比，人类是多么渺小。A. fortunately幸运地；B. eagerly渴望地；C. deeply深刻地；D. merely仅仅。根据下文“understands how small humans are compared to 　　14　　”可知，作为首位征服14 座8000 米以上山峰的女性，董红娟“深刻地”理解人类与自然相比是多么渺小。故选C项。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想起了对董红娟的采访，她是第一个征服14座8000米以上山峰的女性，她深深理解与自然相比，人类是多么渺小。A. nature自然；B. ambition雄心；C. emotion情绪；D. science科学。根据上文“ the first woman to conquer (征服)14 mountains above 8,000 meters”可知，此处是将人类与“自然”相比。故选A项。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我：“我从未觉得自己征服了那些大山；只是大山接纳了我。”A. defeated战胜；B. discovered发现；C. prohibited禁止；D. accepted接受。根据上文“I never felt I conquered those mountains”可知，董红娟觉得不是她征服了山，而是山“接纳”了她。故选D项。 Passage 11 （22-23高二·全国·单元测试）My career as a chef started at the age of 25, but my 1 for cooking started at an early age, when I was about 5 years old — by watching my grandmother and my mom in the kitchen 2 daily meals for the family. I was also 3 by going with my grandfather to markets to 4 the freshest ingredients. My grandfather taught me the art of picking and recognizing “the 5 .” From my youth, I have had this passion for food. Growing up in Morocco, I witnessed the most amazing hospitality and 6 through my grandparents. They opened their 7 to everybody, and fed and sheltered the poor, travelers, family and friends. I remember as a young kid coming home from school to the 8 of fragrant (芳香的) fresh bread coming out of the oven. Those smells stimulated (刺激) my senses at a young age. The 9 were fresh and seasonal — they were very simple dishes but delightfully 10 . Food is almost as 11 as it is necessary. Food makes people feel things. I really think that food tastes its best when there is a 12 behind it. It shapes cultures, religion, politics and health. Food brings people together, and goes straight to the 13 . In my kitchen, I try to duplicate (复制) smells and flavors that make me think about more than what I’m actually smelling or 14 — it makes me think of life, my family, and my history. I love to cook food that 15 people’s emotions and memories; my philosophy is to “keep food real and simple.” 1. A．talent B．passion C．explanation D．expectation 2. A．changing B．ordering C．preparing D．searching 3. A．inspired B．bothered C．honored D．amused 4. A．ask about B．experiment with C．learn of D．shop for 5. A．biggest B．cleanest C．best D．cheapest 6. A．wisdom B．honesty C．success D．generosity 7. A．offices B．houses C．restaurant D．hotel 8. A．art B．signs C．creation D．smells 9. A．fruits B．vegetables C．ingredients D．goods 10. A．delicious B．useful C．organic D．convenient 11. A．nutritious B．sufficient C．emotional D．suitable 12. A．reason B．purpose C．cook D．story 13. A．kitchen B．heart C．source D．point 14. A．tasting B．chewing C．touching D．seeing 15. A．holds up B．drives away C．stirs up D．depends on 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者受家人的熏陶，对烹饪充满热情，他作为厨师的烹饪理念就是要保持食物的真实与简单。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的厨师生涯始于25岁，但我对烹饪的热情却从很小的时候就开始了，大约5岁的时候，我看着我的祖母和妈妈在厨房里为家人准备每天的饭菜。A. talent才能；B. passion热爱，激情；C. explanation解释；D. expectation期待。由第二段中的“From my youth, I have had this passion for food”可知，“我”对烹饪的“热爱（passion）”从小就开始了。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的厨师生涯始于25岁，但我对烹饪的热情却从很小的时候就开始了，大约5岁的时候，我看着我的祖母和妈妈在厨房里为家人准备每天的饭菜。A. changing改变；B. ordering命令；C. preparing准备；D. searching搜索。由该空前的“my grandmother and my mom in the kitchen”和该空后的“daily meals for the family”，再结合常识可知，祖母和妈妈在厨房里为一家人“准备（preparing）”一日三餐。故选C。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和祖父一起去市场买最新鲜的食材也给了我灵感。A. inspired鼓舞；B. bothered麻烦；C. honored荣誉；D. amused娱乐。由该空后的“going with my grandfather to markets”和“My grandfather taught me the art of picking and recognizing”可知，“我”也受到了和祖父一起去市场购物的“启发(inspired)”。故选A。 4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和祖父一起去市场买最新鲜的食材也给了我灵感。A. ask about询问；B. experiment with做实验；C. learn of听说；D. shop for购买。由该空前的markets和该空后的“the freshest ingredients”以及“My grandfather taught me the art of picking and recognizing”可知，“我”和祖父去市场“选购（shop for）”最新鲜的食材。故选D。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我祖父教会了我挑选和识别“最好的东西”的艺术。A. biggest最大的；B. cleanest最干净的；C. best最好的；D. cheapest最便宜的。由上文中的“the freshest ingredients”可知，此处是指祖父教“我”如何挑选和辨认“最好的（best）”食材。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在摩洛哥长大，从我的祖父母那里见证了最令人惊叹的热情和慷慨。A. wisdom智慧；B. honesty诚实；C. success成功；D. generosity慷慨。由下文中的“fed and sheltered the poor, travelers, family and friends”可知，“我”通过祖父母见证了最令人惊叹的好客和“慷慨（generosity）”。故选D。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们向所有人敞开大门，为穷人、旅行者、家人和朋友提供食物和庇护。A. offices办公室；B. houses房子；C. restaurant餐厅；D. hotel旅馆。由该空后的“sheltered the poor ... friends”可知，此处是指祖父母把“房子（houses）”向所有人开放。故选B。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记得小时候放学回家，闻到刚出炉的面包的香味。A. art艺术；B. signs标志；C. creation创造；D. smells气味。由该空后的“fragrant fresh bread coming out of the oven”及下文中的“Those smells stimulated my senses”可知，“我”从学校回到家就能闻到芳香的刚出炉的新鲜面包的“味道（smells）”。故选D。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些食材都是新鲜的时令食材——它们都是非常简单的菜肴，但却美味可口。A. fruits水果；B. vegetables    蔬菜；C. ingredients材料；D. goods商品。上文中的“the freshest ingredients”提示本空，“原料（ingredients）”都是新鲜的、当季的。故选C。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些食材都是新鲜的时令食材——它们都是非常简单的菜肴，但却美味可口。A. delicious美味的；B. useful有用的；C. organic有机的；D. convenient方便的。由本段中的fragrant和delightfully可推知，此处是指这些菜肴很简单，但“美味可口（delicious）”。故选A。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：食物几乎和它的必要性一样情绪化。A. nutritious有营养的；B. sufficient足够的；C. emotional情感的；D. suitable合适的。由该段中的“Food makes people feel things”和“Food brings people together”以及该段的描述可知，食物“能激起人的感情（emotional）”。故选C。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我真的认为，当食物背后有故事的时候，它的味道是最好的。A. reason理由；B. purpose目的；C. cook厨师；D. story故事。由该空前的“Food makes people feel things”和该空后的“It shapes cultures, religion, politics and health”可知，“我”认为有“故事（story）”的食物味道最好。故选D。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：食物让人们走到一起，直达心灵。A. kitchen厨房；B. heart心；C. source来源；D. point要点。由该空前的“Food brings people together”可知，食物把人们聚在一起，直抵“心灵（heart）”。故选B。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的厨房里，我试着复制气味和味道，让我思考更多的东西，而不是我实际闻到或品尝到的东西——它让我想到生活、我的家庭和我的历史。A. tasting品尝；B. chewing咀嚼；C. touching触碰；D. seeing看见。由上文中的“smells and flavors”可知，此处指“我”能闻到的气味和“尝到（tasting）”的味道。故选A。 15. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我喜欢做能激起人们情感和回忆的食物；我的理念是“让食物真实而简单”。A. holds up堵塞；B. drives away赶走；C. stirs up激起；D. depends on取决于。由上文的描述可知，作者喜欢烹饪能“激起（stirs up）”人们的情感和回忆的食物。故选C。 Passage 12 （23-24高二下·内蒙古乌兰察布·开学考试）Seven years ago, Kevin Stephan, was a bat boy for his younger brother’s Little League baseball team. A player who was 1 up accidentally hit him in the chest with a bat. Kevin’s heart 2 beating. “All I remember is that I dropped the bat off, and all of a sudden just got hit in the chest with something, and I turned around and passed out,” Stephan said. 3 , a nurse whose son played on that 4 was able to revive (使苏醒) him and save his life. Stephan’s mother said he was very fortunate. Penny Brown, the nurse, was 5 to be at work that night, but was given the day off at the last 6 . Now comes the really interesting part. Last week that same nurse was eating at the Hillview Restaurant 7 she began to choke on her food. Witnesses say people were 8 for someone to help her. “The food wasn’t going anywhere and I totally couldn’t breathe,” Penny said. “It was very frightening.” Restaurant employees yelled for Stephan to come out and 9 . “They knew I was a volunteer firefighter and they 10 me over and I did the Heimlich, and I guess you 11 say I saved Mrs Brown,” Stephan said. At the restaurant, they 12 what had happened before. Seven years ago, Brown had 13 Stephan’s life. Now at age 17, he had returned the 14 . On Saturday, the two met again at the Fire Hall of Bowmansville, N. Y., where Stephan is a junior firefighter. He 15 her with a bouquet of flowers, and his parents were also there to greet Mrs Brown. 1. A．giving B．taking C．holding D．warming 2. A．suggested B．stopped C．began D．insisted 3. A．Excitedly B．Interestingly C．Fortunately D．Unluckily 4. A．group B．team C．class D．school 5. A．supposed B．thought C．agreed D．recommended 6. A．minute B．night C．order D．task 7. A．while B．when C．because D．though 8. A．whispering B．speaking C．screaming D．sending 9. A．look B．watch C．work D．help 10. A．rang B．thought C．turned D．called 11. A．needed B．dared C．could D．ought 12. A．recognized B．learned C．impressed D．admitted 13. A．saved B．lost C．made D．gave 14. A．condition B．favor C．situation D．position 15. A．presented B．brought C．bought D．thanked 【答案】 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了七年前Kevin Stephan在打棒球时受伤，被另一名球员的母亲护士Penny Brown所救。7年后，Penny在餐馆就餐时被食物卡住喉咙，恰好被已是志愿消防员的Kevin所救。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个正在热身的球员不小心用球棒击中了他的胸部。A. giving给；B. taking拿；C. holding持有，抓住；D. warming(使)温暖。根据句中“hit him in the chest with a bat”以及下文“All I remember is that I dropped the bat off, and all of a sudden just got hit in the chest with something, and I turned around and passed out”可知球员不小心用球棒击中了Kevin的胸部，warm up“做准备活动；热身”符合语境。故选D。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kevin的心脏停止了跳动。A. suggested建议；B. stopped停止；C. began开始；D. insisted坚持。根据下文““All I remember is that I dropped the bat off, and all of a sudden just got hit in the chest with something, and I turned around and passed out,” Stephan said. ___3___, a nurse whose son played on that ___4___ was able to revive (使苏醒) him and save his life.”可知，Kevin被球棒击中胸部，心脏停止了跳动。故选B。 3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，一位儿子也在那支球队里打球的护士使Kevin苏醒过来，挽救了他的生命。A. Excitedly兴奋地；B. Interestingly有趣地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Unluckily不幸地。根据空后“a nurse whose son played on that ___4___ was able to revive (使苏醒) him and save his life”可知，有一位护士在场，让他苏醒过来，救了他的命，所以是“幸运地”。故选C。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，一位儿子也在那支球队里打球的护士使Kevin苏醒过来，挽救了他的生命。A. group团体，群；B. team(游戏或运动的)队；C. class班级，等级；D. school学校。根据空前“whose son played on that”以及上文“Seven years ago, Kevin Stephan, was a bat boy for his younger brother’s Little League baseball team.”可知，这位护士的儿子也在这个棒球队里。介词on“为（某团体或组织）的一员”，短语on that team“在那个队里，是那个队的队员”符合语境。故选B。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：护士佩妮·布朗那天晚上本应该上班的，但在最后一刻放了假。A. supposed假定，认为；B. thought认为，觉得；C. agreed同意；D. recommended推荐，建议。根据上文“Stephan’s mother said he was very fortunate.”以及空后“to be at work that night, but was given the day off at the last ___6___.”可知，Kevin非常幸运，救他的那位护士那晚上本来应该上班的。be supposed to do...“（按规定、安排等）应当”符合语境。故选A。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：护士佩妮·布朗那天晚上本应该上班的，但在最后一刻放了假。A. minute分钟；B. night夜晚；C. order命令；D. task任务。根据上文“Stephan’s mother said he was very fortunate.”以及空前“to be at work that night, but was given the day off at the last”可知，Kevin非常幸运，救他的那位护士那晚上本来应该上班的，但在最后时刻放了假，因此能够看儿子打球，并救了Kevin。at the last minute“在最后时刻”符合语境。故选A。 7. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：上周，同一名护士正在Hillview餐厅吃饭，突然开始被食物噎住。A. while当……的时候，与……同时，尽管；B. when在……时候，当时；C. because因为；D. though虽然，尽管。根据“that same nurse was eating at the Hillview Restaurant”空前以及空后“she began to choke on her food”可知，此句为固定句型“be doing... when...”意为“某人正在做……，突然……，设空处填when，表示这位护士正在餐厅吃饭，突然开始被食物噎住。故选B。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：目击者称，人们尖叫着让人来帮助她。A. whispering低语；B. speaking讲话；C. screaming尖叫；D. sending邮寄，派遣。根据句中“she began to choke on her food”以及下文““The food wasn’t going anywhere and I totally couldn’t breathe,” Penny said. “It was very frightening.””可知，由于她被食物噎住，情况危急，所以人们“尖声叫喊”着寻求帮助。故选C。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：餐厅员工大声叫Stephan出来帮忙。A. look看；B. watch观看；C. work工作；D. help帮助。根据上文“Witnesses say people were ___8___ for someone to help her.”以及下文“They knew I was a volunteer firefighter and they ___10___ me over and I did the Heimlich, and I guess you ___11___ say I saved Mrs Brown”可知，餐厅员工知道Stephan是志愿消防员，喊Stephan来帮忙救人。故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Stephan说：“他们知道我是一名志愿消防员，他们叫我过去，我做了海姆利克急救，我想你可能会说我救了布朗夫人。” A. rang响起铃声，响起铃声；B. thought认为，思考；C. turned(使)转动，（使）改变方向；D. called大声呼叫，呼唤。根据句中“They knew I was a volunteer firefighter”以及空后“and I did the Heimlich”可知，他们把Stephan叫过来救助这位护士。call sb. over“把某人喊过来”符合语境。故选D。 11. 考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：Stephan说：“他们知道我是一名志愿消防员，他们叫我过去，我做了海姆利克急救，我想你可能会说我救了布朗夫人。” A. needed需要；B. dared敢于；C. could能，可能；D. ought应该。根据空前“I guess”以及上下文的语境可知，此处指Stephan猜测人们可能会认为是他救了布朗夫人，此处表示可能性，could“可能，可能会”符合语境。故选C。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在餐馆里，他们了解到之前发生的事情。A. recognized认识，辨别出；B. learned得知；C. impressed使留下深刻印象；D. admitted承认。根据下文“Seven years ago, Brown had ___13___ Stephan’s life.”可知，人们了解到了7年以前发生的事情。learn“了解，得知”符合语境。故选B。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：七年前，Brown救了Stephan的命。A. saved救助，挽救；B. lost丢失；C. made制造；D. gave给。根据上文“a nurse whose son played on that ___4___ was able to revive (使苏醒) him and save his life. Stephan’s mother said he was very fortunate. Penny Brown, the nurse, was ___5___ to be at work that night, but was given the day off at the last ___6___.”可知，七年前Brown救了Stephan的命。故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，17岁的他回报了这份恩惠。A. condition状况，条件；B. favor恩惠，帮助；C. situation形势；D. position位置，地位。由上文可知，七年前那位护士Brown救了Stephan的命，七年后Stephan又救了Brown的命；因此，此处指17岁的Stephan回报了Brown七年前所给的帮助、恩惠。故选B。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他送给她一束花，他的父母也在那里迎接布朗夫人。A. presented赠送；B. brought带来；C. bought买；D. thanked感谢。此处指Stephan送给Brown一束花；固定搭配present sb with sth“赠送某人某物”，符合语境。故选A。 Passage 13 （22-23高二下·江苏泰州·开学考试）It all started with a post on the social media. Returning home from the 1 store, Simone felt she must help the elderly in her community to practice 2 social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. With this in mind, she reached out to her friends on Facebook. Unexpectedly, many 3 , expressing their willingness to volunteer. They decided to start an online platform called Invisible Hands Deliver. Just two days after 4 the initiative, they built a website that allowed the 5 in the community to make requests for groceries to be delivered to them. The web page also included a call for volunteers, which 6 gained over 1,000 sign-ups within the first week. As the pandemic continued to worsen in New York, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a great deal of support from 7 individuals with similar beliefs. When a request was submitted on the website, it was 8 to all volunteers in the neighbourhood, so that anyone who was 9 could come to help. The delivery itself was 10 , since volunteers had been instructed to leave the bags of groceries outside the seniors’ doors. All volunteers 11 strict safety rules. Like the wearing of medical gloves. Following its success in New York, the platform 12 its operations to Philadelphia and other areas of America. Inspired by their acts of kindness, similar networks have 13 worldwide. In a time when the pandemic forced people apart, the 14 and able youths played a leading role in bridging the 15 and bringing communities together. 1. A．village B．grocery C．chain D．drug 2. A．better B．safer C．longer D．easier 3. A．responded B．disagreed C．ignored D．hesitated 4. A．favoring B．approving C．shaping D．launching 5. A．citizens B．volunteers C．seniors D．salesgirls 6. A．naturally B．amazingly C．secretly D．eventually 7. A．absent-minded B．simple-minded C．open-minded D．like-minded 8. A．sold B．handed C．forwarded D．explained 9. A．generous B．ambitious C．reliable D．available 10. A．contactless B．worthless C．senseless D．endless 11. A．developed B．relaxed C．obeyed D．provided 12. A．expanded B．moved C．reduced D．changed 13. A．stayed on B．sprung up C．broken down D．pulled through 14. A．willing B．elegant C．curious D．appealing 15. A．conflicts B．differences C．cultures D．gaps 【答案】 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在COVID-19流行期间，Simone为了帮助社区的老年人保持更安全的社交距离，与朋友们在网上建立了Invisible Hands Deliver组织，号召志同道合的志愿者们为老人们配送生活物资，随后类似的网络平台在世界各地如雨后春笋般涌现。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从杂货店回家后，Simone觉得她必须帮助社区的老年人在COVID-19流行期间保持更安全的社交距离。A. village村庄；B. grocery杂货店；C. chain链条，连锁商店；D. drug毒品，药物。根据第三段中“to make requests for groceries to be delivered to them.”以及第四段中“to leave the bags of groceries outside the seniors’ doors”可知，后文讲的如何让志愿者们给老人配送杂货，所以Simone应该是在杂货店看到老年人购物时保持的社交距离，才有的想法。故选B项。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从杂货店回家后，Simone觉得她必须帮助社区的老年人在COVID-19流行期间保持更安全的社交距离。A. better更好的；B. safer更安全的；C. longer更长的； D. easier更容易的。根据第四段中“to leave the bags of groceries outside the seniors’ doors”可知，为了让老年人保持更安全的社交距离，Simone才想到了创办Invisible Hands Deliver来为老人们无接触式的配送物资。故选B项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，她的许多朋友回应了，表示愿意做志愿者。A. responded反应，回应；B. disagreed不同意；C. ignored忽略；D. hesitated犹豫。根据后文“expressing their willingness to volunteer”可知，她的很多朋友们都给予了回应并且愿意成为志愿者。故选A项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅仅在发起这项活动的两天后，他们就建立了一个网站，在网站上社区里的老年人可以要求把食品杂货送到他们手中。A. favoring偏爱，支持；B. approving批准，同意；C. shaping塑造；D. launching启动，发射。根据前文“They decided to start an online platform called Invisible Hands Deliver.”可知，他们启动了这个活动，这里的launch与前文的start相呼应。故选D项。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：仅仅在发起这项活动的两天后，他们就建立了一个网站，在网站上社区里的老年人可以要求把食品杂货送到他们手中。A. citizens市民；B. volunteers志愿者；C. seniors老年人；D. salesgirls女售货员。根据前文中的“the elderly”可知，他们是在帮助社区里的老年人。故选C项。 6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：该网页还号召志愿者，令人惊讶的是，在第一周内就有超过1000人报名。A. naturally自然地，当然；B. amazingly令人吃惊地；C. secretly秘密地；D. eventually最终地。根据后文“over 1,000 sign-ups within the first week.”可知，仅仅在第一周，就有超过1000多个人报名，这是令人吃惊的。故选B项。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着流行病毒在纽约继续恶化，Invisible Hands Deliver这一组织得到了志同道合的人的大力支持。A. absent-minded心不在焉的；B. simple-minded头脑简单的，淳朴的；C. open-minded思想开放的；D. like-minded志趣相投的。根据后文“similar beliefs”可知，这些报名的志愿者们都有相同的信念，他们是志同道合的一群人。故选D项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个请求在网站上提交后，它会被转发给附近所有的志愿者，这样任何有时间的人都可以来帮忙。A. sold卖，销售；B. handed递，交； C. forwarded发送，转发；D. explained解释。根据前文“When a request was submitted on the website”可知，有人提交送货请求后，它就会被转发给每个志愿者，因为是在网站上，所以请求是被转发出去。故选C项。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一个请求在网站上提交后，它会被转发给附近所有的志愿者，这样任何有时间的人都可以来帮忙。A. generous大方的；B. ambitious有抱负的，野心勃勃的；C. reliable可依赖的；D. available可获得的，有空的。根据语境，这个组织里面有很多志愿者，所以在网站上看到有请求后，有空的志愿者就可以去帮助老人派送生活物资。故选D项。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：送货本身是非接触式的，因为志愿者们被要求把食品杂货放在老人的门外。A. contactless无接触的；B. worthless没有价值的；C. senseless无意义的，无知觉的；D. endless无止境的。根据后文“since volunteers had been instructed to leave the bags of groceries outside the seniors’ doors”可知，志愿者们提前已被告知，东西放在老人们的门外，所以这种配送方式是无接触的。故选A项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有志愿者都遵守严格的安全规定。A. developed发展；B. relaxed放松；C. obeyed遵守，服从；D. provided提供。根据后文“Like the wearing of medical gloves.”可知，志愿者们在配送生活物资时，会遵守严格的安全规定；obey the rules为固定搭配。故选C项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在纽约取得成功后，该平台将业务扩展到费城和美国其他地区。A. expanded扩大；B. moved    移动，搬家，感动；C. reduced减少；D. changed改变。根据后文“its operations to Philadelphia and other areas of America.”可知，Invisible Hands Deliver这个组织初建于纽约，后来发展到了美国其他州。故选A项。 13. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在他们善举的鼓舞下，类似的网络平台在世界各地如雨后春笋般涌现。A. stayed on继续留下，逗留；B. sprung up涌现，兴起；C. broken down坏掉；D. pulled through度过难关，恢复健康。根据前文“Following its success in New York, the platform_______ its operations to Philadelphia and other areas of America.”可知，Invisible Hands Deliver这个组织初建于纽约，随后发展到了美国其他州，受其启发，全世界相似的组织就涌现出来了。故选B项。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个流行病毒迫使人们分离的时代，有意愿和能力的青年们在弥合差距和团结社区方面发挥了主导作用。A. willing乐意的；B. elegant优雅的；C. curious好奇的；D. appealing有吸引力的。根据常识，志愿者们都是自愿奉献的人，所以他们是一群乐于奉献的年轻人。故选A项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个流行病毒迫使人们分离的时代，有意愿和能力的青年们在弥合差距和团结社区方面发挥了主导作用。A. conflicts冲突；B. differences差异；C. cultures文化；D. gaps鸿沟。根据固定搭配bridge the gap意为 “缩小差距”。故选D项。 Passage 14 （23-24高二下·江苏常州·阶段练习）Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple 1 . Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 2 do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out and why; how to deal with difficult 3 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural wasters of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not 4 according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 5 issues. Dunbar 6 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— 7 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 8 of the higher primates (灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming — cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 9 from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 10 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 11 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 12 the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 13 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 14 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal (有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 15 contact. 1. A．mission B．radiation C．comparison D．gossip 2. A．occasionally B．merely C．habitually D．originally 3. A．social B．political C．historical D．leisurely 4. A．the case B．the question C．the issue D．the key 5. A．financial B．sensitive C．royal D．vital 6. A．confirms B．outlines C．dismisses D．broadens 7. A．for instance B．on the contrary C．in addition D．as a result 8. A．motivation B．motive C．emotion D．behaviour 9. A．inspection B．harmony C．attack D．assistance 10. A．convinces B．comprises C．confesses D．concludes 11. A．prospect B．protection C．maintenance D．luxury 12. A．discipline B．bother C．maintain D．ease 13. A．cast B．consumed C．extended D．floated 14. A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．thoughtful 15. A．invisible B．daily C．constant D．physical 【答案】 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，研究表明人们的话题大多不是重大的话题讨论和研究，而很多是闲聊，这些闲聊是不是浪费时间和语言呢？Robin Dunbar教授认为事实并非如此，他认为闲聊是非常重要的，是人类发展过程中非常重要的交流方式。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人类三分之二的谈话不是讨论当天的文化或政治问题，也不是对我们刚刚看过的电影或刚刚读完的书进行激烈的辩论，而是简单的闲聊。A. mission任务；B. radiation辐射；C. comparison比较；D. gossip流言蜚语，闲聊。根据上文“two-thirds of human conversation”可知，此处指谈话内容是闲聊，下文也多次出现gossip一词，故选D。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为一个物种，语言是我们最大的财富，我们习惯用它做什么？A. occasionally偶尔；B. merely仅仅，只不过；C. habitually习惯性地，经常地；D. originally起初。根据“Language is our greatest treasure as a species”可知，语言是我们最大的财富，我们习惯用它做什么？故选C。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于别人的行为和私人生活，比如谁和谁在一起做什么，谁在里面，谁不在里面，为什么；如何处理与孩子、爱人和同事有关的困难社交场合。A. social社会的，社交的；B. political政治的；C. historical历史的；D. leisurely不慌不忙的，慢悠悠的。根据“situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues”可知，此处指社交场合，故选A。 4. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：根据Robin Dunbar教授的说法，情况并非如此。A. the case情况；B. the question问题；C. the issue问题；D. the key关键。上文“Are we just natural wasters of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life?(我们只是天生的时间和语言的浪费者吗？或者我们谈论很多没有什么特别的事情只是为了避免面对生活中真正重要的问题？)”提出问题，结合下文谈到闲聊的重要性可知，事实并非如此，It’s not the case“事实/情况并非如此”，固定句型，故选A。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这位心理学家在他的新书Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language中说，闲聊是这些真正重要的问题之一。A. financial金融的，财务的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. royal皇家的；D. vital至关重要的。根据上文“the really important issues of life”可知，Robin Dunbar认为闲聊并不是浪费时间和语言，而是这些真正重要的问题之一，故选D。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar驳斥了传统观点，即语言是由男性在社会发展的早期阶段发展起来的，是为了更有效地组织他们的男性狩猎活动，甚至是为了促进关于他们的起源和超自然现象的诗歌故事的交流。A. confirms证实；B. outlines概述；C. dismisses驳斥；D. broadens变宽。根据下文“Instead he suggests that language evolved among women.”可知，Dunbar驳斥了语言是由男性在社会发展的早期阶段发展起来的传统观点，故选C。 7. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：Dunbar认为，我们花三分之二的时间闲聊并不仅仅是因为我们会说话，相反，他接着说，语言的进化就是为了让我们闲聊。A. for instance例如；B. on the contrary相反；C. in addition此外；D. as a result因此。结合“We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar”可知，我们花三分之二的时间闲聊并不仅仅是因为我们会说话，相反，语言的进化就是为了让我们闲聊，故选B。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar通过研究猴子等高等灵长类动物的行为得出了他的快乐理论。A. motivation动机，动力；B. motive动机，目的；C. emotion情感；D. behaviour行为。根据下文“grooming — cleaning the fur by brushing it”可知，Dunbar研究动物的行为，故选D。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过梳理毛发——通过刷毛来清洁毛发，猴子与其他个体组成群体，在群体内部发生冲突或受到外部攻击时，它们可以依靠这些个体来获得支持。A. inspection检查；B. harmony和谐；C. attack攻击；D. assistance帮助。根据“they can rely for support”以及“conflict within the group”可知，此处指在群体内部发生冲突或受到外部攻击时，它们可以依靠这些个体来获得支持，故选C。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于我们人类是从灵长类家族的一个特定分支进化而来，Dunbar得出结论，在我们的历史上，我们曾经做过同样的事情。A. convinces使确信；B. comprises包括；C. confesses供认，坦白；D. concludes得出结论。上文“As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family”提到原因，故空后是得出的结论，故选D。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：成群聚集在一起是有意义的，因为团体越大，它提供的保护就越大；另一方面，群体越大，与他人生活在一起的压力就越大。A. prospect前景；B. protection保护；C. maintenance维持，保养；D. luxury奢侈。上文“monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support”提到猴子与其他个体组成群体来相互支持，故群体可以提供保护，故选B。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：梳毛有助于缓解压力，让大家平静下来。A. discipline管教；B. bother打扰；C. maintain保持，维持；D. ease缓解，宽慰。根据“calm everybody down”可知，梳毛可以减轻压力，故选D。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着群体变得越来越大，花在梳毛活动上的时间也必须延长，以保持其有效性。A. cast投射，扔；B. consumed消费，消耗；C. extended延长，延伸；D. floated漂浮。根据“But as the groups got bigger and bigger”以及下文“and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal (有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals(因此语言进化为一种有声的梳毛，使人类能够通过更广泛的个人网络交换信息，而不是一对一的身体接触，与更大的群体发展关系)”可知，群体越大，花在梳毛活动上的时间也必须延长，以保持其有效性，故选C。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，需要一种更有效的梳毛方式，因此语言进化为一种有声的梳毛，使人类能够通过更广泛的个人网络交换信息，而不是一对一的身体接触，与更大的群体发展关系。A. common普通的；B. efficient有效的；C. scientific科学的；D. thoughtful周到的。根据上文“to maintain its effectiveness”可知，需要一种更有效的梳毛方式，故选B。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. invisible看不见的；B. daily日常的；C. constant不断的；D. physical身体的。根据上文提到的梳毛活动可知，语言使人类能够通过更广泛的个人网络交换信息，而不是一对一的身体接触，故选D。 Passage 15 （23-24高二下·上海·阶段练习）In 1968 a grave dating from about 1100 was uncovered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained of the occupant’s skeleton, but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. The skeleton was, 1 also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. This 2 guess that the burial was actually of a powerful woman, possibly a local ruler in her own right rather than just the wife of a male king. This would be noteworthy enough. But a re-examination of the remains, just published in the European Journal of Archaeology by Ulla Moilanen of the University of Turku and Elina Salmela of the University of Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet more 3 . Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual 4 may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman. In 1968 working out the 5 of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. After years of deterioration, the bones of men and women look pretty much 6 . But that was before the use of DNA became possible. So Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela thought it worth trying again. Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. Find DNA from a Y-chromosome in a skeleton and the chances are the body was 7 . And, looking at a fragment of femur brought to her by Ms. Moilanen, who is the archaeologist in the 8 , Dr. Salmela, who is the geneticist, did indeed find such DNA．But not much of it. That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) 9 X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the Y. Having an abnormal number of sex chromosomes is rare, but not vanishingly so. The particular 10 XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. To determine the occupant’s karyotype (染色体组型) from the tiny amount of DNA available, Dr. Salmela drew 11 with living people. The grave delivered 8,329 pieces, so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes, to 12 contamination. She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and 13 it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned bad indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrome. While Dr Salmela was working all this out, Ms. Moilanen and her team had another look at the grave. They confirmed that it was a 14 burial. For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. Clearly, this was a well-respected human being, but what led to that 15 in a world then dominated by male values is a matter of puzzle. Perhaps the person came from a family powerful enough for such things not to matter. 1. A．therefore B．what’s more C．nevertheless D．for instance 2. A．intensified B．classified C．dismissed D．compared 3. A．dull B．engaging C．unpleasant D．frightening 4. A．in question B．at large C．by comparison D．with doubt 5. A．composition B．age C．sex D．origin 6. A．distinct B．unidentified C．alike D．broken 7. A．female B．old C．young D．male 8. A．cooperation B．authority C．institute D．adventure 9. A．restored B．extra C．missing D．dominant 10. A．requirement B．interest C．combination D．emphasis 11. A．inspirations B．lessons C．inferences D．comparisons 12. A．eliminate B．monitor C．imitate D．generate 13. A．rejected B．concluded C．recalled D．confessed 14. A．high-status B．secret C．religious D．peaceful 15. A．conclusion B．evidence C．respect D．solution 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。1968年，在芬兰的哈图拉附近发现了一座大约1100年的坟墓，居住者的骨骼几乎没有留下，但在尸体中发现了两把剑和一把刀。这样的墓葬通常表明死者是男性。然而，他的骨架上也装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。这导致了考古学家对墓葬遗骸的性别的猜测。 1. 考查固定搭配和副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，骨架上还装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。A. therefore因此；B. what’s more而且；C. nevertheless但是；D. for instance例如。根据上句“but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. (但尸体上有两把剑和一把刀。这样的墓葬通常表明死者是男性)”可知，上下句之间是转折关系。故选C。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让人们更加猜测，埋葬的实际上是一位有权势的女性，可能是当地的一位统治者，而不仅仅是一位男性国王的妻子。A. intensified增强；B. classified分类；C. dismissed开除，解散；D. compared比较。根据上句“The skeleton was, ___1___ also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. (尽管如此，骨架上还装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。)”可知，骨架上装饰着的胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服更加的让人们猜测，埋葬的实际上是一位有权势的女性。故选A。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，图尔库大学的Ulla Moilanen和赫尔辛基大学的Elina Salmela刚刚在《欧洲考古学杂志》上发表的对这些遗骸的重新检查表明，真相可能更吸引人。A. dull无聊的；B. engaging迷人的，吸引人的；C. unpleasant不愉快的；D. frightening吓人的。根据后句“Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual ____4__ may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman.( Moilanen女士和Salmela博士怀疑这个人可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征)”可知，遗骸可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征的真相是非常的吸引人的。故选B。 4. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Moilanen女士和Salmela博士怀疑这个人可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征。A. in question存在疑问或不确定性的事物；B. at large未被限制的；自由的；C. by comparison相比之下，比较起来；D. with doubt怀疑地。根据本句中的“suspect(怀疑)”可知，人们对遗骸存在疑问。故选A。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1968年，在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。A. composition成分构成，成分；B. age年龄；C. sex性别；D. origin起源。根据后句“After years of deterioration, the bones of men and women look pretty much ____6____. (经过多年的退化，男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似。)”可知，确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。故选C。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的退化，男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似。A. distinct不同的，有区别的；B. unidentified未经确认的；C. alike相似的；D. broken损坏的，破碎的；根据上句“In 1968 working out the _____5___ of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. (1968年，在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情)”可知，因为男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似，所以在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。故选C。 7. 查形容词词义辨析。句意：在骨骼中发现Y染色体的DNA，很有可能是男性。A. female女性的，妇女的；B. old年老的；C. young年轻的；D. male男性的。根据上句“Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. (大多数人有两条性染色体：女性为XX，男性为XY。)”可知，在骨骼中发现Y染色体的DNA很可能是男性。故选D。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她看着莫伊拉宁带给她的一块股骨碎片，莫伊拉宁是这次合作的考古学家。A. cooperation合作；B. authority权威；C. institute研究所，学院，协会；D. adventure冒险（经历），奇遇。根据后文“She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and ___13_____ it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned had indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrome. (然后，她将这些DNA与坟墓里的DNA进行了比较，得出结论：这个人确实患有克兰费尔特综合症的可能性为99.75%。)”可知，考古学家是相互的合作的。故选A。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让她怀疑污染，但也让她考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的X染色体，它淹没了来自Y的信号。A. restored精力恢复的；B. extra额外的；C. missing丢失的；D. dominant占支配地位的，占优势的。根据后文“The particular ____10____ XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. (这种特殊的组合导致了所谓的克氏综合症。)” 可知，Salmela考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的X染色体。故选B。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种特殊的组合导致了所谓的克氏综合症。A. requirement要求；B. interest兴趣；C. combination结合；D. emphasis强调。根据上文“That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) ____9____ X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the Y. (这让她怀疑污染，但也让她考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的X染色体，它淹没了来自Y的信号。)”可知，XXY是一种特殊的组合。故选C。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了从可用的微量DNA中确定居住者的组型，Salmela博士与活着的人进行了比较。A. inspirations启示；B. lessons课程；C. inferences推理；D. comparisons比较。根据本句“with living people (活着的人)”可知，Salmela博士将DNA与活着的人进行了比较。故选D。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：坟墓里有8329块碎片，所以她用电脑从不同组型的活人基因组中提取了类似大小的样本，包括XXY，也有来自两性混合物的样本，以模拟污染。A. eliminate剔除，根除；B. monitor监控；C. imitate模仿； D. generate产生，引起。根据“so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes (因此，她用电脑从不同组型(包括XXY)的活人基因组中提取了类似大小的样本，也从两性的混合体中提取了样本)”可知，Salmela博士这样做的目的是模拟污染。故选C。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她将这些DNA与坟墓里的DNA进行了比较，得出结论：这个人确实患有克兰费尔特综合症的可能性为99.75%。A. rejected拒绝，驳回；B. concluded得出的结论；C. recalled拒绝，驳回；D. confessed坦白，认罪。根据“She then compared these with the DNA from the grave (然后，她将这些DNA与坟墓中的DNA进行了比较)”可知，她将这些DNA与坟墓中的DNA进行了比较进而得出结论。故选B。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在Salmela博士研究这一切的同时，Moilanen女士和她的团队对坟墓进行了另一次观察。他们确认这是一场地位很高的葬礼。A. high-status高级职位的；B. secret秘密的；C. religious宗教的；D. peaceful和平的。根据“For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. (例如，他们发现了可能来自狐狸的精美皮毛的证据。)”可知，根据陪葬品来看，这是一场地位很高的葬礼。故选A。 15. 考查词名词词义辨析。句意：但是，在一个当时由男性价值观主导的世界里，是什么导致了这种尊重，这是一个谜。A. conclusion结论；B. evidence证据；C. respect尊重；D. solution解决办法。根据上句“Clearly, this was a well-respected human being(很明显，这是一位受人尊敬的人)”可知，这场葬礼是非常的受人尊重的。故选C。 39 / 42 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$限时训练（高二下） 专题S-203 完形填空15篇 高二下 第一次月考 梯度特训 建议用时 100分钟 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·福建莆田·阶段练习）I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift. I took a 1 as the snowstorm was approaching. Then the snow started and was coming down 2 . Within minutes, the windows were covered with snow. And soon my 3 was blocked, so I slowed down and rolled down my driver’s side window, thinking I could better 4   the road edge and keep to a straight line. But really, I had no 5 where I was. I stopped and kept the car running to stay 6 I called 911. The operator told me to wait things out for the night — nobody was coming to get me until morning at the earliest. The call left me in 7 . Breathe, I told myself. An idea occurred to me. I 8 my location online and explained what I was 9 , wishing for anyone to come to my rescue. Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post. I got a 10 from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby. I had never been more 11 . Then, about 45minutes later, I saw a tall 12 in the dark. He had walked about 500 metres to get me, 13 the wind and snow each step of the way. “You’ll be OK. Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge (跋涉) through the snow, sure of the 14 . I drove slowly behind him. When we reached his house, I burst into tears of 15 1. A．shortcut B．turn C．look D．risk 2. A．soon B．fast C．lightly D．suddenly 3. A．way B．plan C．sight D．thought 4. A．mark B．cover C．follow D．remember 5. A．doubt B．clue C．problem D．intention 6. A．still B．calm C．awake D．warm 7. A．confusion B．trouble C．panic D．embarrassment 8. A．posted B．found C．checked D．confirmed 9. A．looking at B．going through C．searching for D．carrying out 10. A．tip B．reminder C．like D．message 11. A．inspired B．relieved C．convinced D．amazed 12. A．figure B．creature C．shadow D．policeman 13. A．fighting B．avoiding C．checking D．reporting 14. A．goal B．danger C．depth D．direction 15. A．hope B．love C．gratitude D．pride Passage 2 （23-24高二下·福建厦门·阶段练习）I found a brown bag outside after our move. “Grass Seed.” it said in big letters. My husband and I 1 the seeds all over the dirty yard in front of our new house. “I have no idea if they will 2 ,” I told him, “but it’s worth a shot.” Just like our 3 to move to the rural Arizona. Near our new house sat a charming cottage, which was 4 to tourists. I got a job offer to 5 the cottage. I’d worked in hotels for years, so when offered the 6 , I jumped at it. Still, it was a big change. I 7 that it would be a right move. While we waited for our grass to grow — or not — we 8 settled into our new house through our efforts. We made it a cozy home, despite the 9 in the front yard, which was still bare now. Meanwhile, many of the cottage guests became 10 , and I got to know them well. I felt 11 to make their stays memorable. Perhaps I was better at that than 12 . But after a monsoon (季风) swept through, I woke up to a beautiful morning and looked out the window. There was no grass growing in the sunlight. 13 , our yard was covered in a rainbow of zinnias (百日菊)! The front yard turned out even better than I could have 14 , just like our new life. And it remains a powerful 15 of the beauty that awaits us in our new chapter. 1. A．sought B．collected C．spread D．removed 2. A．remain B．root C．dry D．last 3. A．decision B．intention C．need D．agreement 4. A．introduced B．given C．sold D．rented 5. A．green B．look after C．fill up D．advertise 6. A．chance B．help C．service D．accommodation 7. A．pretended B．decided C．prayed D．understood 8. A．naturally B．gradually C．hardly D．temporarily 9. A．danger B．potential C．uncertainty D．untidiness 10. A．locals B．employers C．gardeners D．regulars 11. A．grateful B．proud C．curious D．stressed 12. A．growing grass B．yard cleaning C．keeping house D．house renting 13. A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．Besides D．Instead 14. A．imagined B．designed C．remembered D．appreciated 15. A．test B．memory C．reminder D．choice Passage 3 （23-24高二下·安徽滁州·阶段练习）I was taught at a young age to be afraid rather than to experience life. That’s why I was afraid to 1 others, even though I desperately needed a friend. They might say no — how could I live with that 2 ? Fortunately, a 3 changed my life. At the end of it, the writer 4 trying out what the reader had just read but 5 it was the preseason (季前赛) in a sport — when the result didn’t 6 . It didn’t matter if you won or lost or, in my case, made a friend. I don’t know why the advice attracted me other than the fact that I grew up loving sports When my team would lose during the regular season, I couldn’t 7 to watch. But when they lost in the preseason, I didn’t care. Somehow, for me, this advice is 8 . After reading the book, I would 9 walk to anyone I found interesting and talk to them with no fear of being 10 . And at the same time I felt very 11 as I knew the results didn’t count because this was the preseason. Besides making friends, I discovered this tool was 12 in other ways. It allowed me to have a successful career, though I heard the word “no” many times. I turned a negative into a positive by giving a(n) 13 that every time I heard the word “no”, it meant I was one step closer to “yes”. I tried many times. After all, what did I have to 14 ? If I didn’t get the answer I desired, I would go on to the next 15 opportunity. 1. A．judge B．approach C．appreciate D．observe 2. A．rejection B．problem C．demand D．principle 3. A．song B．program C．movie D．book 4. A．minded B．suggested C．avoided D．imagined 5. A．pretending B．admitting C．expecting D．realizing 6. A．end B．change C．matter D．exist 7. A．bear B．wait C．refuse D．stop 8. A．unnecessary B．strange C．misleading D．suitable 9. A．bravely B．gratefully C．carefully D．regretfully 10. A．left behind B．taken over C．relied on D．turned down 11. A．awkward B．disappointed C．relaxed D．serious 12. A．simple B．useful C．rare D．flexible 13. A．expression B．chance C．challenge D．reason 14. A．improve B．lose C．value D．preserve 15. A．regular B．extra C．potential D．special Passage 4 （23-24高二下·广东·阶段练习）In 2001, I participated in an expedition to explore the Titanic. Our team used two small deep-sea robots, one blue and one green. My 1 was to ensure the robots’ batteries worked well. Unfortunately, the green robot 2 a problem on the third day of this ambitious adventure. It got 3 inside the Titanic. Even worse, one of its batteries was damaged. That was 4 , as the battery could explode. It could harm the robot and the ship. We had to find a way to get it out. In the middle of the vast ocean, though, there are no stores to buy 5 . So, we had an idea. We took a coat hanger and put it inside the blue robot. The 6 was to use the hanger’s hook to pull out the green robot. Accompanied by two fellow crew members, I prepared to go down in a three-man submarine (潜水艇). A machine lifted us and placed us in the 7 . Then we started to 8 — 12,500 feet to the ocean floor. At about 9,000 feet, a crewmate 9 touched some wires. Suddenly, all the submarine’s lights went out. We were in complete 10 . It was terrifying, but the skilled pilot swiftly fixed it , and we 11 our journey. Finally, upon reaching the site, we were 12 by a solemn (庄严的) scene where we started to see suitcases and shoes, serving as 13 reminders of the tragic events. For approximately 12 hours, we managed to 14 the trapped robot with the coat hanger. There was no way we were going to leave it behind — that little robot was part of our 15 . 1. A．interest B．job C．attitude D．achievement 2. A．understood B．avoided C．encountered D．addressed 3. A．misled B．upgraded C．lost D．stuck 4. A．dangerous B．confusing C．embarrassing D．unreliable 5. A．instructions B．phones C．weapons D．supplies 6. A．plan B．question C．message D．note 7. A．ship B．robot C．air D．water 8. A．swim B．work C．sink D．float 9. A．intentionally B．accidentally C．carefully D．frequently 10. A．loneliness B．tiredness C．darkness D．annoyance 11. A．gave up B．carried on C．paid for D．put off 12. A．challenged B．beaten C．greeted D．motivated 13. A．silent B．temporary C．friendly D．comforting 14. A．destroy B．free C．observe D．repair 15. A．journey B．life C．career D．team Passage 5 （23-24高二下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）During the first weeks of his retirement from the fire service, Max had felt lost. And that’s when Polly, a library manager, helped him sign up as a 1 , for Robot Club in the library. Max hadn’t volunteered before and he didn’t know anything about 2 . He opened the packs containing the robots, nervously staring at the mess of parts. A dozen primary-age children gathered around the table, 3 eagerly. Almost double the number of adults crowded around them, watching. Glancing around the 4 at the many parents and carers accompanying the robot builders, Max knew he had to face this 5 . “Okay, team,” he started 6 , adopting the tone he’d used to 7 his unit during his firefighting days. “We’re going to build these robots one step 8 .” The children nodded, their hands busy with screws (螺丝) and plastic limbs. Max wandered from table to table, 9 words of encouragement, and slowly but surely, 10 the instructions in his mind. An hour passed, and the room was filled with the sound of chatter and clinking parts. As the final minutes of Robot Club ticked away, Max stood back and 11 the room. Robots of all shapes and sizes stood on the tables. The children were excited, 12 their creations to anyone who would look. As they began to leave, many children stopped to thank Max. Each “thank you” and “see you next week” chipped away at the sense of 13 he had felt since retiring. He hadn’t put out a fire today, but perhaps he had 14 something far more important — a new 15 for himself. 1. A．volunteer B．writer C．builder D．fireman 2. A．books B．programs C．children D．robots 3. A．searching B．waiting C．reading D．arguing 4. A．table B．neighbourhood C．team D．library 5. A．competition B．consequence C．challenge D．conflict 6. A．calmly B．coldly C．casually D．weakly 7. A．form B．brief C．warn D．scan 8. A．at one time B．in no time C．at a time D．at no time 9. A．processing B．offering C．exchanging D．understanding 10. A．putting aside B．turning down C．keeping off D．piecing together 11. A．surveyed B．cleaned C．decorated D．left 12. A．bringing up B．calling on C．showing off D．giving away 13. A．freedom B．relief C．loss D．guilt 14. A．reviewed B．lighted C．assessed D．reserved 15. A．version B．belief C．approach D．purpose Passage 6 （23-24高二下·辽宁·开学考试）Vicky Umodu from Colton in California was in the process of moving into her new home. She was in urgent 1 of furniture but couldn’t afford to buy anything 2 or used. So she decided to search online for other options. She was 3 to find a lovely furniture set that was being given away. It looked hardly used. Vicky then contacted the owner of the furniture 4 and was more than blessed to have it. Once she got it home, she started to 5 the furniture. But she noticed something a little 6 about one of the chairs. The cushion (坐垫) felt uneven. As she inspected the cushion, she 7 what she was feeling was perhaps a hot water bottle under the cushion cover. But to her 8 , she found dozens of envelopes full of money! Instead of keeping it, she right away 9 the money to the owner of the furniture. Much to her surprise, she later learned the furniture 10 the owner’s grandma who passed away last month and the owner had no 11 that his grandma saved money by 12 envelopes of money in furniture. Vicky’s 13 turned into a double blessing. Not only did she find favorite furniture, but the owner of the furniture also gave her a(n) 14 ! He gave her extra cash to buy a new fridge. What a valuable 15 she is teaching her children and the world! 1. A．advance B．charge C．favor D．need 2. A．flexible B．real C．new D．simple 3. A．delighted B．discouraged C．honored D．puzzled 4. A．worriedly B．slightly C．immediately D．secretly 5. A．assess B．exchange C．arrange D．design 6. A．horrible B．strong C．awesome D．strange 7. A．realized B．recognized C．assumed D．believed 8. A．regret B．relief C．joy D．shock 9. A．lent B．returned C．presented D．offered 10. A．belonged to B．contributed to C．subscribed to D．adapted to 11. A．intention B．idea C．business D．choice 12. A．distributing B．showing C．earning D．hiding 13. A．generosity B．honesty C．affection D．confidence 14. A．reward B．order C．promotion D．certificate 15. A．fridge B．gift C．heart D．lesson Passage 7 （24-25高二下·云南昭通·开学考试）When she first looked for her wedding dress, Stulgis had a budget (预算) of $1,000. After trying on some dresses, she was shown a champagne-colored dress by the salesgirl. “I got tears in my eyes because it was the dress I was really 1 for,” she admitted. The only problem: it was over her budget. After some encouragement from her mother, Stulgis 2 it. She explained, “Although I hadn’t enough money, that dress was 3 made for me.” As most brides (新娘)do, she folded her wedding dress in her 4 when the wedding ceremony was over. Realizing the dress would be 5 if it continued to sit there, she decided to give it away. Stulgis turned to Facebook to search for a selfless bride. In the post, there were two 6 : the bride must have their ceremony within three months and the dress must be passed onto others. Over 70 messages 7 into Stulgis’ mailbox soon. Hyde had planned on making her own dress before she saw the 8 on Stulgis’ Facebook. She told her sister Ashley that she wanted to 9 but was hesitant. So, Ashley emailed Stulgis, describing Hyde as the most 10 person she knew. Stulgis was 11 by Ashley’s message. On June 4, Hyde was told she was chosen. “It was 12 ,” she said excitedly. Hyde 13 to follow the traveling dress requests. After that, Stulgis 14 a Facebook group called Shared Dream Dresses. Since June, 200 dresses have been given away. She shared, “I want people to feel like they are worth something. I want them to 15 their dress dreams without worrying about buying one. A dress shouldn’t be kept in the closet.” 1. A．late B．thirsty C．proud D．ready 2. A．learned B．hung C．purchased D．covered 3. A．probably B．directly C．sincerely D．seemingly 4. A．cupboard B．pocket C．store D．ward 5. A．valued B．treasured C．wasted D．doubted 6. A．suggestions B．requirements C．plans D．inventions 7. A．changed B．turned C．knocked D．flooded 8. A．suit B．trip C．post D．photo 9. A．apply B．leave C．forget D．develop 10. A．popular B．important C．selfless D．interesting 11. A．shocked B．educated C．ignored D．touched 12. A．amazing B．tiring C．puzzling D．boring 13. A．asked B．promised C．hoped D．tried 14. A．changed B．started C．invited D．collected 15. A．write B．protect C．send D．realize Passage 8 （22-23高二下·浙江·开学考试）Smith Justice and his son were coming back from the dentist, when they saw a homeless man in the road. Smith 1 to give the man some money, but didn’t have any cash. His son suggested giving the man the 30 cents he had. But Smith was 2 . He didn’t want to give this man just 30 cents since the man 3 needed all the help he could get. Moreover, his own pride and thoughts of the homeless man’s unknown 4 to receiving just thirty cents was standing 5 . Smith told his son what people saw as a good thing was not good enough to make a 6 in someone’s life. But his son insisted. Smith 7 the window and said to the man, “I’m sorry, man. I don’t have any 8 on me but my son wants to give you everything he has right now.” The homeless man smiled, “God bless you, little man!” At that moment, the only thing 9 the brightness of the man’s smile was the bigger smile on the little boy’s face. A chain reaction of kindness 10 behind them that day in Nashville, Tennessee, as other people rolled down their windows to 11 , too. Smith suddenly 12 that he was the only problem in this situation. He said, “My little boy 13 me by his actions that it’s always about the heart. It doesn’t 14 how much you have or how little. 15 love and sincerity will often bless others more than we think. ” 1. A．managed B．promised C．intended D．agreed 2. A．confused B．doubtful C．tense D．hesitant 3. A．normally B．clearly C．secretly D．formally 4. A．reaction B．devotion C．objection D．solution 5. A．out of sight B．out of control C．in the way D．in the charge 6. A．fortune B．difference C．name D．commitment 7. A．rolled down B．reached for C．looked through D．lifted up 8. A．check B．card C．cash D．food 9. A．matching B．replacing C．reflecting D．showing 10. A．changed B．stopped C．remained D．started 11. A．greet B．smile C．chat D．donate 12. A．remembered B．realized C．accepted D．regretted 13. A．reminded B．comforted C．praised D．warned 14. A．help B．work C．mean D．matter 15. A．Returning B．Accepting C．Spreading D．Seeking Passage 9 （24-25高二下·湖南·开学考试）After graduation, I decided to take the gym seriously. Accompanied by a friend, I started a 1 of walking on the treadmill (跑步机), I was 2 with our regular practice in the gym. My friend, however, became bored. One day, he suggested that we 3 an outdoor sport. I was not a harmonious person in motion, so I 4 his idea. But several weeks later, he managed to 5 me to step onto an outdoor racquetball (美式壁球) court. When I hit the ball, I sent it flying in every direction except the direction that I had 6 . Still, somehow, I tried hard to learn it and became 7 after constantly practicing. “We’re not getting enough 8 on the treadmill. Why not play tennis to build up our body?” suggested my friend. “Tennis? I can’t play tennis! That 9 real skills!” I firmly resisted his new 10 . Nevertheless, weeks later, I started playing tennis. After several months of painful practice, one day, as the ball came flying towards me, my racket and the ball met in what tennis players 11 as the “sweet spot”. I 12 learned how to play tennis properly! I learned an extremely valuable 13 from these experiences: I can do whatever I set my mind on. I just need to put in efforts, and the results will 14 . And I become quite 15 about trying new things and I’m always filled with a sense of excitement. 1. A．trade B．duty C．show D．routine 2. A．content B．familiar C．disappointed D．careful 3. A．take up B．show off C．reflect on D．finish with 4. A．supported B．rejected C．teased D．understood 5. A．remind B．allow C．persuade D．expect 6. A．imagined B．intended C．agreed D．found 7. A．considerate B．cautious C．patient D．skillful 8. A．movement B．response C．exercise D．experience 9. A．assesses B．involves C．improves D．displays 10. A．attempt B．chance C．method D．assistance 11. A．rule out B．refer to C．make up D．set down 12. A．casually B．formally C．frequently D．eventually 13. A．concept B．theory C．lesson D．standard 14. A．stay B．follow C．remain D．help 15. A．hesitant B．flexible C．particular D．passionate Passage 10 （24-25高二下·湖南·阶段练习）As a journalist, I was so excited to cover a new adventure to Qomolangma. Yet things didn’t turn out the way I wanted — Once I got off the vehicle at the base camp, I was 1 by dizziness (眩晕) and shortness of breath — 2 of mountain sickness. Even the act of taking a few steps demanded an extraordinary amount of 3 . At that moment, a question 4 within me: Why do people keep climbing Mount Qomolangma? When asked this question, British mountaineer George Mallory gave his famous 5 : Because it’s there. Mallory reminds me of countless climbers who have put their lives at risk to 6 the mountain’s towering height with their own footsteps. They 7 an almost vertical (垂直的) wall close to the top. It is so difficult to find 8 points for climbing that the earliest climbers thought no one could get past the wall. In 1960, Liu Lianman, a Chinese climber, 9 to let his teammates step on his shoulders to cross the wall. Already 10 , he gathered all his strength to uplift his teammates. Though his 11 did not appear on the list of those who reached the top, Liu is undoubtedly a true 12 . I recalled the interview with Dong Hongjuan, the first woman to conquer (征服)14 mountains above 8,000 meters, who 13 understands how small humans are compared to 14 . She told me, “I never felt I conquered those mountains; it’s just that the mountains 15 me.” 1. A．drawn B．abandoned C．overcome D．sheltered 2. A．symbols B．signs C．manners D．causes 3. A．patience B．effort C．knowledge D．practice 4. A．ended B．expanded C．arose D．returned 5. A．reply B．suggestion C．resolution D．guidance 6. A．occupy B．measure C．confirm D．protect 7. A．run into B．depend on C．pull down D．put up 8. A．checking B．viewing C．starting D．supporting 9. A．hesitated B．pretended C．happened D．offered 10. A．starved B．heart-broken C．worn-out D．annoyed 11. A．motive B．achievement C．teammate D．name 12. A．hero B．champion C．genius D．pioneer 13. A．fortunately B．eagerly C．deeply D．merely 14. A．nature B．ambition C．emotion D．science 15. A．defeated B．discovered C．prohibited D．accepted Passage 11 （22-23高二·全国·单元测试）My career as a chef started at the age of 25, but my 1 for cooking started at an early age, when I was about 5 years old — by watching my grandmother and my mom in the kitchen 2 daily meals for the family. I was also 3 by going with my grandfather to markets to 4 the freshest ingredients. My grandfather taught me the art of picking and recognizing “the 5 .” From my youth, I have had this passion for food. Growing up in Morocco, I witnessed the most amazing hospitality and 6 through my grandparents. They opened their 7 to everybody, and fed and sheltered the poor, travelers, family and friends. I remember as a young kid coming home from school to the 8 of fragrant (芳香的) fresh bread coming out of the oven. Those smells stimulated (刺激) my senses at a young age. The 9 were fresh and seasonal — they were very simple dishes but delightfully 10 . Food is almost as 11 as it is necessary. Food makes people feel things. I really think that food tastes its best when there is a 12 behind it. It shapes cultures, religion, politics and health. Food brings people together, and goes straight to the 13 . In my kitchen, I try to duplicate (复制) smells and flavors that make me think about more than what I’m actually smelling or 14 — it makes me think of life, my family, and my history. I love to cook food that 15 people’s emotions and memories; my philosophy is to “keep food real and simple.” 1. A．talent B．passion C．explanation D．expectation 2. A．changing B．ordering C．preparing D．searching 3. A．inspired B．bothered C．honored D．amused 4. A．ask about B．experiment with C．learn of D．shop for 5. A．biggest B．cleanest C．best D．cheapest 6. A．wisdom B．honesty C．success D．generosity 7. A．offices B．houses C．restaurant D．hotel 8. A．art B．signs C．creation D．smells 9. A．fruits B．vegetables C．ingredients D．goods 10. A．delicious B．useful C．organic D．convenient 11. A．nutritious B．sufficient C．emotional D．suitable 12. A．reason B．purpose C．cook D．story 13. A．kitchen B．heart C．source D．point 14. A．tasting B．chewing C．touching D．seeing 15. A．holds up B．drives away C．stirs up D．depends on Passage 12 （23-24高二下·内蒙古乌兰察布·开学考试）Seven years ago, Kevin Stephan, was a bat boy for his younger brother’s Little League baseball team. A player who was 1 up accidentally hit him in the chest with a bat. Kevin’s heart 2 beating. “All I remember is that I dropped the bat off, and all of a sudden just got hit in the chest with something, and I turned around and passed out,” Stephan said. 3 , a nurse whose son played on that 4 was able to revive (使苏醒) him and save his life. Stephan’s mother said he was very fortunate. Penny Brown, the nurse, was 5 to be at work that night, but was given the day off at the last 6 . Now comes the really interesting part. Last week that same nurse was eating at the Hillview Restaurant 7 she began to choke on her food. Witnesses say people were 8 for someone to help her. “The food wasn’t going anywhere and I totally couldn’t breathe,” Penny said. “It was very frightening.” Restaurant employees yelled for Stephan to come out and 9 . “They knew I was a volunteer firefighter and they 10 me over and I did the Heimlich, and I guess you 11 say I saved Mrs Brown,” Stephan said. At the restaurant, they 12 what had happened before. Seven years ago, Brown had 13 Stephan’s life. Now at age 17, he had returned the 14 . On Saturday, the two met again at the Fire Hall of Bowmansville, N. Y., where Stephan is a junior firefighter. He 15 her with a bouquet of flowers, and his parents were also there to greet Mrs Brown. 1. A．giving B．taking C．holding D．warming 2. A．suggested B．stopped C．began D．insisted 3. A．Excitedly B．Interestingly C．Fortunately D．Unluckily 4. A．group B．team C．class D．school 5. A．supposed B．thought C．agreed D．recommended 6. A．minute B．night C．order D．task 7. A．while B．when C．because D．though 8. A．whispering B．speaking C．screaming D．sending 9. A．look B．watch C．work D．help 10. A．rang B．thought C．turned D．called 11. A．needed B．dared C．could D．ought 12. A．recognized B．learned C．impressed D．admitted 13. A．saved B．lost C．made D．gave 14. A．condition B．favor C．situation D．position 15. A．presented B．brought C．bought D．thanked Passage 13 （22-23高二下·江苏泰州·开学考试）It all started with a post on the social media. Returning home from the 1 store, Simone felt she must help the elderly in her community to practice 2 social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. With this in mind, she reached out to her friends on Facebook. Unexpectedly, many 3 , expressing their willingness to volunteer. They decided to start an online platform called Invisible Hands Deliver. Just two days after 4 the initiative, they built a website that allowed the 5 in the community to make requests for groceries to be delivered to them. The web page also included a call for volunteers, which 6 gained over 1,000 sign-ups within the first week. As the pandemic continued to worsen in New York, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a great deal of support from 7 individuals with similar beliefs. When a request was submitted on the website, it was 8 to all volunteers in the neighbourhood, so that anyone who was 9 could come to help. The delivery itself was 10 , since volunteers had been instructed to leave the bags of groceries outside the seniors’ doors. All volunteers 11 strict safety rules. Like the wearing of medical gloves. Following its success in New York, the platform 12 its operations to Philadelphia and other areas of America. Inspired by their acts of kindness, similar networks have 13 worldwide. In a time when the pandemic forced people apart, the 14 and able youths played a leading role in bridging the 15 and bringing communities together. 1. A．village B．grocery C．chain D．drug 2. A．better B．safer C．longer D．easier 3. A．responded B．disagreed C．ignored D．hesitated 4. A．favoring B．approving C．shaping D．launching 5. A．citizens B．volunteers C．seniors D．salesgirls 6. A．naturally B．amazingly C．secretly D．eventually 7. A．absent-minded B．simple-minded C．open-minded D．like-minded 8. A．sold B．handed C．forwarded D．explained 9. A．generous B．ambitious C．reliable D．available 10. A．contactless B．worthless C．senseless D．endless 11. A．developed B．relaxed C．obeyed D．provided 12. A．expanded B．moved C．reduced D．changed 13. A．stayed on B．sprung up C．broken down D．pulled through 14. A．willing B．elegant C．curious D．appealing 15. A．conflicts B．differences C．cultures D．gaps Passage 14 （23-24高二下·江苏常州·阶段练习）Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple 1 . Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 2 do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out and why; how to deal with difficult 3 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural wasters of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not 4 according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 5 issues. Dunbar 6 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— 7 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 8 of the higher primates (灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming — cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 9 from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 10 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 11 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 12 the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 13 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 14 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal (有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 15 contact. 1. A．mission B．radiation C．comparison D．gossip 2. A．occasionally B．merely C．habitually D．originally 3. A．social B．political C．historical D．leisurely 4. A．the case B．the question C．the issue D．the key 5. A．financial B．sensitive C．royal D．vital 6. A．confirms B．outlines C．dismisses D．broadens 7. A．for instance B．on the contrary C．in addition D．as a result 8. A．motivation B．motive C．emotion D．behaviour 9. A．inspection B．harmony C．attack D．assistance 10. A．convinces B．comprises C．confesses D．concludes 11. A．prospect B．protection C．maintenance D．luxury 12. A．discipline B．bother C．maintain D．ease 13. A．cast B．consumed C．extended D．floated 14. A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．thoughtful 15. A．invisible B．daily C．constant D．physical Passage 15 （23-24高二下·上海·阶段练习）In 1968 a grave dating from about 1100 was uncovered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained of the occupant’s skeleton, but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. The skeleton was, 1 also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. This 2 guess that the burial was actually of a powerful woman, possibly a local ruler in her own right rather than just the wife of a male king. This would be noteworthy enough. But a re-examination of the remains, just published in the European Journal of Archaeology by Ulla Moilanen of the University of Turku and Elina Salmela of the University of Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet more 3 . Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual 4 may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman. In 1968 working out the 5 of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. After years of deterioration, the bones of men and women look pretty much 6 . But that was before the use of DNA became possible. So Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela thought it worth trying again. Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. Find DNA from a Y-chromosome in a skeleton and the chances are the body was 7 . And, looking at a fragment of femur brought to her by Ms. Moilanen, who is the archaeologist in the 8 , Dr. Salmela, who is the geneticist, did indeed find such DNA．But not much of it. That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) 9 X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the Y. Having an abnormal number of sex chromosomes is rare, but not vanishingly so. The particular 10 XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. To determine the occupant’s karyotype (染色体组型) from the tiny amount of DNA available, Dr. Salmela drew 11 with living people. The grave delivered 8,329 pieces, so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes, to 12 contamination. She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and 13 it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned bad indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrome. While Dr Salmela was working all this out, Ms. Moilanen and her team had another look at the grave. They confirmed that it was a 14 burial. For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. Clearly, this was a well-respected human being, but what led to that 15 in a world then dominated by male values is a matter of puzzle. Perhaps the person came from a family powerful enough for such things not to matter. 1. A．therefore B．what’s more C．nevertheless D．for instance 2. A．intensified B．classified C．dismissed D．compared 3. A．dull B．engaging C．unpleasant D．frightening 4. A．in question B．at large C．by comparison D．with doubt 5. A．composition B．age C．sex D．origin 6. A．distinct B．unidentified C．alike D．broken 7. A．female B．old C．young D．male 8. A．cooperation B．authority C．institute D．adventure 9. A．restored B．extra C．missing D．dominant 10. A．requirement B．interest C．combination D．emphasis 11. A．inspirations B．lessons C．inferences D．comparisons 12. A．eliminate B．monitor C．imitate D．generate 13. A．rejected B．concluded C．recalled D．confessed 14. A．high-status B．secret C．religious D．peaceful 15. A．conclusion B．evidence C．respect D．solution 16 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$