精品解析：云南省西双版纳傣族自治州第一中学等四校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末检测英语试卷

2024年秋季学期期末诊断测试 高二年级英语试卷 (考试时间120分钟，满分150分) 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的考号、姓名、考场、座位号、班级在答题卡上填写清楚。 2.每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应的题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What colour dress will the woman buy? A. Pink. B. Purple. C. Red. 2. What does Andy Clarkes do? A. A bookstore staff. B. A TV actor. C. A famous lawyer. 3. What did the man do last Sunday? A. He went for a fun drive. B. He went hiking. C. He did exercise. 4. When is the train leaving? A. At 8：40. B. At9：40. C. At 10：40. 5 Why does Amy plan to go to Rome? A. To work. B. To study. C. To travel. 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料， 回答第6、7题。 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a shop. B. In a classroom. C. In an office. 7. What does the man want to do? A. Say sorry to the woman. B. Offer the woman a new job. C. Encourage the woman to leave. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Which is the main purpose of the man’s visit? A. To book the dinner. B. To help the woman with work. C. To pick up the woman to dinner. 9. How does the man feel about the woman’s boss? A. Unfair. B. Surprised. C. Curious. 10. What is the man going to do? A. Read literature books. B. Read sports articles. C. Watch movies on computer. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Boss and worker. B. Mother and son. C. Classmates. 12. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. How to protect some rare plants. B. How to protect endangered animals. C. How to protect animals’ habitats. 13. What’s the boy’s attitude to the girl’s idea? A. Agreed. B. Doubted. C. Unclear. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What are the speakers talking about? A. A wonderful university professor. B. The education of village girls. C. A new chemistry invention. 15. How did Mr. Smith deal with the prize money last year? A. He kept all of it to himself. B. He donated all of it to his school. C. He donated half of it to help village girls. 16. What does the woman think of Mr. Smith? A. Brave. B. Respectable. C. Clever. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 17. Who is John Williams? A. A designer. B. An engineer. C. A teacher. 18. Why did John start the website? A. To help you make friends. B. To help you with your work. C. To help you improve English. 19. What is the advantage of the online English lessons? A. No advertisements. B. Free of charge. C. Practice writing. 20. What is John’s idea of learning English? A. Do a lot of exercises. B. Learn a little every day. C. Remember many words. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Best Weight-Loss Diets 2024 US. News has ranked 30 diets for effect in weight loss based on in-depth input from a group of health experts. If your goal is to find the best diet to lose weight and keep it off over the long term, these easy-to-follow diet plans are your best bet. Mediterranean Diet The Mediterranean diet focuses on quality and lifestyle rather than a single nutrient or food group. Numerous studies have shown that this dietary model reduces the risk of certain long health conditions. Volumetrics Diet The volumetrics diet divides food into four groups based on its caloric thickness. The volumetrics diet emphasizes eating nutrient-dense, low-calorie foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy. As a result, it helps you feel full and satisfied, reducing the likelihood of overeating and promoting healthy weight loss or maintenance. DASH Diet The heart-healthy DASH diet is a flexible and balanced eating plan developed by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Its role in reducing blood pressure and the risk of heart disease is amazing, along with its pros and cons and what you need to buy at the grocery store. TLC Diet The TLC (Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes) diet calls for eating plenty of vegetables, fruits, bread, grains and lean meats. The TLC diet is linked with several health benefits. In fact, doctors sometimes recommend the TLC diet to manage high blood pressure. 1. Who are the intended readers of the passage? A. People who long to lose weight. B. People who are addicted to reading news. C. People who are expert in exercise. D. People who are attracted to vegetables. 2. From the passage, which diet emphasizes the intake of calories? A. Mediterranean Diet. B. Volumetrics Diet. C. DASH Diet. D. TLC Diet. 3. What is the passage about? A. Economy and politics. B. Entertainment and leisure. C. Food and fitness. D. Medicine and care. B Nuclear expert Peng Shilu once said that he only did two things in his entire life: one was to build nuclear submarines (核潜艇), and the other to build nuclear power plants. Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry, Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task. In fact, he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects, from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations. Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (化工机械) in the Soviet Union. In 1956, when he was about to graduate, he faced a turning point in his life. At that time, the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic energy major. Peng willingly agreed, marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power. In 1958, China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines, and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system. In the 1980s, China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant. Appointed as the director-in-chief, Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction. During his career, Peng held a variety of high-ranking titles. In 1994, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, one of the top academic bodies in China. Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22, 2021 at the age of 96. The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions. 4. According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE about Peng Shilu? A. He only focused on building nuclear submarines. B. He considered himself unimportant in China’s nuclear power development. C. He was the single founder of China’s nuclear power industry. D. He didn’t hold any leading positions in early nuclear power projects. 5. Peng Shilu willingly transferred to the atomic energy major in 1956 mainly because ____________. A. he wanted to get more opportunities to study abroad B. he was attracted by the high-salary prospects in the field. C. he had a strong sense of national responsibility D. he thought it was an easy major to study 6. From the passage, we can infer that Peng Shilu was a person who was ____________. A. shy and careful B. selfless and devoted C. eager and confident D. curious and modest 7. Which of the following is the proper title for the passage? A. China Honors a Nuclear Power Expert B. Peng Shilu Built Nuclear Submarines C. Peng Shilu’s Exploration of Chemical Machinery D. A Nuclear Hero Devoted Himself to His Country C The Art of Effective Communication In today’s interconnected world, effective communication is not just a skill, but a necessity. Whether we are at work, at school, or in our personal lives, the ability to express our thoughts and feelings clearly and respectfully is of vital importance. Effective communication begins with understanding the audience. Before we speak or write it is important to consider who we are communicating with and what their needs, expectations, and emotions might be. This awareness helps us to tailor our message in a way that is most likely to be understood and appreciated. Active listening is another key element of effective communication. It involves giving full attention to the speaker showing empathy, and avoiding interruptions. Active listening not only helps us to fully grasp the speaker’s intended meaning, but also shows our respect for their point of view. Non-verbal communication, such as body language and facial expressions, also plays a significant role in how our message is received. A smile, a nod, or a raised eyebrow can convey a message that words alone cannot express. Therefore, it is important to be aware of our own non-verbal cues and how they might be understood by others. Feedback(反馈) is another crucial aspect of effective communication. It allows us to assess how well our message has been understood and received. Constructive feedback can help us to improve our communication skills and better meet the needs of our audience. In conclusion, effective communication is a multifaceted (多方面的) skill that requires attention to both verbal and non-verbal elements. By understanding our audience, practicing active listening, being aware of our non-verbal cues, and seeking feedback, we can greatly improve our ability to communicate effectively with others. 8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key element of effective communication? A. Active listening. B. Being aware of non-verbal cues. C. Understanding the audience. D. Avoiding eye contact. 9. Why is understanding the audience important for effective communication? A. It helps us avoid making mistakes in our daily life. B. It enables us to express more complex thoughts. C. It allows us to adjust our message for better understanding. D. It makes us more confident and comfortable in communication. 10. What is the purpose of seeking feedback in communication? A. To make a deep impression on the audience. B. To figure out how well others understand and accept our message. C. To avoid giving constructive suggestions. D. To make our communication more interesting. 11. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Non-verbal communication is more important than verbal communication. B. People with poor communication skills don’t need feedback. C. If we ignore non-verbal cues, our communication may not be as effective. D. Understanding the audience is the most important element in communication. D Many farmers in China are exploring new career paths. From drone (无人机)operators to social media influencers, new types of occupations taken on by Chinese farmers not only bring higher incomes but also put new life into China’s rural area. In April 2016, Yu Xiaojun, 28, founded an agricultural machinery services cooperative(农机服务合作社) in partnership with his friends to provide services including sowing, crop protection and harvesting for large farms with drones. The cooperative now has over 100 sets of machinery and equipment and more than 20 staff members Many young people ask Yu to teach them how to fly drones. As a short-video craze sweeps China, many farmers are becoming enthusiastic about sharing their lives online. Livestreaming has become a new farming tool, allowing farmers to reap the benefits of selling goods directly to urban consumers. Holding a plate of dried sweet potatoes, Zhang Chuanfeng stood in front of a mobile phone to introduce the local products. The 40-year-old farmer is 1.4 meters tall and was worried about his future after struggling in various jobs because he is too short. However, his transition has been a success. With the support of the local government, Zhang rented a stall and opened his online business. To improve his marketing skills, he attended training courses and learned from other online streamers. In April 2020, Zhang started livestreaming sales. The products received positive feedback from the market, and that encouraged Zhang to include more types of local specialties in his sales. His hard work paid off. Now Zhang has over 90,000 followers on the Douyin short-video platform. He made 5 million yuan from sales of local specialties last year. He also volunteered to help locals sell other products including honey, organic eggs and fish through livestreaming. “Through my efforts, I have lifted my family out of poverty, which was unimaginable before,” Zhang said. “Compared to professional livestreamers, we are just at the primary stage. I hope more professionals will join us and we can build our brand.” 12. What did Yu Xiaojun do in April 2016? A. He became a social media influencer after he learned to operate drones. B. He set up an an agricultural machinery services union with friends. C. He started to use drones for his own small farm. D. He successfully explored new career paths for all Chinese farmers. 13. The underlined word “craze” in the fourth paragraph most probably means ____________. A. fashion B. danger C. problem D. challenge 14. What was a barrier to Zhang Chuanfeng’s career? A. His knowledge. B. His identity. C. His height. D. His background. 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Chinese farmers are facing difficulties in agriculture. B. The new technology has brought more problems to Chinese farmers. C. Chinese farmers are seeking new job paths and tech for success. D. Chinese farmers must rely on social media to increase incomes. 第二节(共5 小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you been wishing to put on your hiking shoes and enter the woods for a little backpacking (背包) trip, but you’ re not sure exactly where to start? That’s okay! We’ve got you covered on all the backpacking basics. ___16___ Start with a close trip. Find an overnight trip that’s not too far away from where you live and try for just a night. This will make you feel safer, and you won’t have to take along much heavy equipment during your first attempt. ___17___ Over time, you can work up to a tougher trip. Plan ahead. You need to make sure you know where you’re going, where you’re camping out, where to find water, etc. Be sure to read up on the route you’re hiking on, so that you can prepare for your journey in advance! It also includes choosing a route, figuring out when you’re going to set off, who you’re going with, and what you’re going to bring along. ___18___ Put safety first. While beautiful, the wilderness can sometimes also be dangerous. ___19___ What’s worse, there are no hospitals close by. So make sure you know some basic first aid and stay safe and careful when you’re on the way. ___20___ When you’re backpacking and camping out, it’s important to try to leave the space as natural as it was when you found it. If you’ve made a fire, be sure to put it out and bury it before you head back onto the trip. Also, don’t leave any waste or litter behind. Pick up after yourself and take care of the beautiful earth! A. Take care of nature. B. Take advantage of the peace. C. Then, you can finish it more easily. D. You never know what could happen outdoors. E. You should also take time to relax. F. Here are all the things you need to know as a backpacking beginner! G. You can make a checklist to get all these totally prepared. 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 While I was riding a bike, I noticed a man about half a mile in front of me. He was traveling at a lower speed, so I decided to ____21____ him. I had about a mile to go on the road before turning off. I started ____22____ faster and faster. And every block, I gradually closed the distance. Finally, I ____23____ him and passed him by. I felt like a ____24____, while he seemed unaware that we were in a ____25____. After I passed him, I realized that I had been so ____26____ on competing against him that I had ____27____ my turn, had gone nearly six blocks past it and had to turn around. Isn’t that what ____28____ in life? We spend most of our time ____29____ with neighbors, friends and family, trying to _____30_____ them, or trying to outdo them — while there was never a competition in the first place. We use most of our time and energy competing with others instead of _____31_____ our destination, and we miss out on our own paths to our destinies _____32_____. Unhealthy competition is a continuous process and a never-ending cycle. No matter what you do, someone will always be _____33_____ you; someone with a better job, a nice car and more money. Feel grateful for what life has offered you, stay concentrated on your _____34_____ and live a healthy life. There’s no _____35_____ in destiny. Run your own race of life and wish others well! 21. A. remind B. approach C. pass D. follow 22. A. running B. driving C. walking D. cycling 23. A. caught up with B. put up with C. kept up with D. came up with 24. A. judge B. winner C. partner D. bystander 25. A. test B. project C. race D. task 26. A. focused B. dependent C. hard D. impressed 27. A. finished B. missed C. wasted D. made 28. A. remains B. offers C. happens D. works 29. A. celebrating B. communicating C. arguing D. competing 30. A. defeat B. help C. encourage D. please 31. A. choosing B. exploring C. reaching D. understanding 32. A. by chance B. on purpose C. as usual D. as a result 33. A. next to B. ahead of C. around D. behind 34 A. choice B. path C. position D. business 35. A. competition B. mistake C. experiment D. limit 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Iron sparkling (火花) is a large-scale folk cultural performance skill developed by ancient Chinese craftsmen in the process of casting utensils (铸造器皿). Iron sparkling began in the Northern Song Dynasty, ___36___ has a history of more than 1,000 years. Recently, it ___37___ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage. Iron sparkling is popular in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, ___38___ (especial) in Henan and Shanxi provinces. When the show begins, the iron is burnt to more than 1,600 degrees centigrade in advance until it turns into molten (熔化的) iron. Then one craftsman will throw a spoon up to the air and hit it to create “iron flowers”. The flowers fly in all ___39___ (direction) and blossom in the night sky, creating an ___40___ (amaze) scene. This art form ___41___ (require) not only extraordinary courage but also precise skills. The craftsmen must have ___42___ deep understanding of the characteristics of the molten iron to ensure a safe and wonderful performance. They devote themselves to this craft, passing on ___43___ (they) skills and passion from one generation to the next. It is more than just entertainment. It stands ___44___ the bravery and perseverance of the Chinese people. So it is important to protect and promote such traditional arts. They are the roots of Chinese culture, ___45___ (connect) us to our past and guiding us into the future. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你校即将举办主题为“Love Myself”的心理健康讨论。请你写一篇演讲稿。内容包括： 1.你的理解 2.举例说明 3.发出呼吁 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In 1945, a 12-year-old boy saw a beautiful brooch (胸针) in a shop window that set his heart racing. But the price-five dollars-was too high for Reuben Earle. Five dollars would buy almost a week’s food for his family. Reuben couldn’t ask his father for the money, Everything his father made through fishing went to his mother, Dora. Slim and beautiful, she was the center of the home and the glue that held it together. The housework was never-ending, and she struggled to feed and clothe their five children, but she was happy as her family and their well-being were all she cared about. However, he opened the shop’s door and went inside. Standing proudly and straight in his flour-sack (面粉袋改做的) shirt and washed-out trousers, he told the shopkeeper what he wanted, adding, “But I don’t have the money right now, Can you please hold it for me for some time?” “I’ll try,” the shopkeeper smiled. “People around here don’t usually have that kind of money to spend on things. It should keep for a while.” Reuben respectfully touched his worn cap and walked out. He would raise the money and not tell anybody for he thought Mum would get surprised when she saw that brooch. Reuben was at a loss when he heard the sound of hammering(捶打) from a side street. People built their own homes in Bay Roberts, using nails(钉子) bought in bags from a local factory. Sometimes the used bags were thrown away at the construction site, and some people sold them back to the factory for five cents a piece. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.开头已给出，请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Para 1. At that moment, he came up with a plan. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para 2. Excited and proud, he returned home with the brooch. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024年秋季学期期末诊断测试 高二年级英语试卷 (考试时间120分钟，满分150分) 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的考号、姓名、考场、座位号、班级在答题卡上填写清楚。 2.每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应的题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What colour dress will the woman buy? A. Pink. B. Purple. C. Red. 2. What does Andy Clarkes do? A. A bookstore staff. B. A TV actor. C. A famous lawyer. 3. What did the man do last Sunday? A. He went for a fun drive. B. He went hiking. C. He did exercise. 4. When is the train leaving? A. At 8：40. B. At9：40. C. At 10：40. 5. Why does Amy plan to go to Rome? A. To work. B. To study. C. To travel. 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料， 回答第6、7题。 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a shop. B. In a classroom. C. In an office. 7. What does the man want to do? A. Say sorry to the woman. B. Offer the woman a new job. C. Encourage the woman to leave. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Which is the main purpose of the man’s visit? A. To book the dinner. B To help the woman with work. C. To pick up the woman to dinner. 9. How does the man feel about the woman’s boss? A. Unfair. B. Surprised. C. Curious. 10. What is the man going to do? A. Read literature books. B. Read sports articles. C. Watch movies on computer. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A Boss and worker. B. Mother and son. C. Classmates. 12. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. How to protect some rare plants. B. How to protect endangered animals. C. How to protect animals’ habitats. 13. What’s the boy’s attitude to the girl’s idea? A. Agreed. B. Doubted. C. Unclear. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What are the speakers talking about? A. A wonderful university professor. B. The education of village girls. C. A new chemistry invention. 15. How did Mr. Smith deal with the prize money last year? A. He kept all of it to himself. B. He donated all of it to his school. C. He donated half of it to help village girls. 16. What does the woman think of Mr. Smith? A. Brave. B. Respectable. C. Clever. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 17. Who is John Williams? A. A designer. B. An engineer. C. A teacher. 18. Why did John start the website? A. To help you make friends. B. To help you with your work. C. To help you improve English. 19 What is the advantage of the online English lessons? A. No advertisements. B. Free of charge. C. Practice writing. 20. What is John’s idea of learning English? A. Do a lot of exercises. B. Learn a little every day. C. Remember many words. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Best Weight-Loss Diets 2024 US. News has ranked 30 diets for effect in weight loss based on in-depth input from a group of health experts. If your goal is to find the best diet to lose weight and keep it off over the long term, these easy-to-follow diet plans are your best bet. Mediterranean Diet The Mediterranean diet focuses on quality and lifestyle rather than a single nutrient or food group. Numerous studies have shown that this dietary model reduces the risk of certain long health conditions. Volumetrics Diet The volumetrics diet divides food into four groups based on its caloric thickness. The volumetrics diet emphasizes eating nutrient-dense, low-calorie foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy. As a result, it helps you feel full and satisfied, reducing the likelihood of overeating and promoting healthy weight loss or maintenance. DASH Diet The heart-healthy DASH diet is a flexible and balanced eating plan developed by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Its role in reducing blood pressure and the risk of heart disease is amazing, along with its pros and cons and what you need to buy at the grocery store. TLC Diet The TLC (Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes) diet calls for eating plenty of vegetables, fruits, bread, grains and lean meats. The TLC diet is linked with several health benefits. In fact, doctors sometimes recommend the TLC diet to manage high blood pressure. 1. Who are the intended readers of the passage? A. People who long to lose weight. B. People who are addicted to reading news. C. People who are expert in exercise. D. People who are attracted to vegetables. 2. From the passage, which diet emphasizes the intake of calories? A. Mediterranean Diet. B. Volumetrics Diet. C. DASH Diet. D. TLC Diet. 3. What is the passage about? A. Economy and politics. B. Entertainment and leisure. C. Food and fitness. D. Medicine and care. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了2024年最佳减肥饮食的几种计划及其特点。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If your goal is to find the best diet to lose weight and keep it off over the long term, these easy-to-follow diet plans are your best bet.(如果你的目标是找到最好的饮食来减肥并长期保持，这些容易遵循的饮食计划是你最好的选择)”可推知文章的目标读者是那些希望减肥的人。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The volumetrics diet emphasizes eating nutrient-dense, low-calorie foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy.(体积饮食强调食用营养密集、低卡路里的食物，例如水果、蔬菜、全谷物和低脂乳制品)”可知，Volumetrics Diet强调卡路里摄入。故选B。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“US. News has ranked 30 diets for effect in weight loss based on in-depth input from a group of health experts. If your goal is to find the best diet to lose weight and keep it off over the long term, these easy-to-follow diet plans are your best bet.(美国新闻根据一组健康专家的深入研究，对30种减肥饮食进行了排名。如果你的目标是找到最好的减肥饮食，并长期保持下去，这些易于遵循的饮食计划是你最好的选择)”可知，文章主要讲述了与饮食和健康相关的话题，介绍了几种减肥饮食及其特点，所以文章主题是关于食物和健康。故选C。 B Nuclear expert Peng Shilu once said that he only did two things in his entire life: one was to build nuclear submarines (核潜艇), and the other to build nuclear power plants. Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry, Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task. In fact, he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects, from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations. Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (化工机械) in the Soviet Union. In 1956, when he was about to graduate, he faced a turning point in his life. At that time, the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic energy major. Peng willingly agreed, marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power. In 1958, China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines, and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system. In the 1980s, China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant. Appointed as the director-in-chief, Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction. During his career, Peng held a variety of high-ranking titles. In 1994, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, one of the top academic bodies in China. Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22, 2021 at the age of 96. The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions. 4. According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE about Peng Shilu? A. He only focused on building nuclear submarines. B. He considered himself unimportant in China’s nuclear power development. C. He was the single founder of China’s nuclear power industry. D. He didn’t hold any leading positions in early nuclear power projects. 5. Peng Shilu willingly transferred to the atomic energy major in 1956 mainly because ____________. A. he wanted to get more opportunities to study abroad B. he was attracted by the high-salary prospects in the field. C. he had a strong sense of national responsibility D. he thought it was an easy major to study 6. From the passage, we can infer that Peng Shilu was a person who was ____________. A. shy and careful B. selfless and devoted C. eager and confident D. curious and modest 7. Which of the following is the proper title for the passage? A. China Honors a Nuclear Power Expert B. Peng Shilu Built Nuclear Submarines C. Peng Shilu’s Exploration of Chemical Machinery D. A Nuclear Hero Devoted Himself to His Country 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了核专家彭士禄一生致力于中国核电事业的贡献。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry, Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task. (尽管彭士禄是中国核电产业的奠基者之一，但他称自己在这项事业中只起到了微不足道的作用)”可知，尽管彭士禄是中国核电事业的创始人之一，但他认为自己只起了很小的作用。故选B。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“At that time, the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic energy major. Peng willingly agreed, marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power. (当时，中央政府决定挑选一批优秀的留学生转修原子能专业。彭士禄欣然应允，这也开启了他投身中国核电事业发展的一生)”可推知，他自愿转学到核能专业主要是因为他有强烈的民族责任感。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“At that time, the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic energy major. Peng willingly agreed, marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power. (当时，中央政府决定挑选一批优秀的留学生转修原子能专业。彭士禄欣然应允，这也开启了他投身中国核电事业发展的一生)”和第三段中“Appointed as the director-in-chief, Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction. (彭士禄被任命为总设计师，他再次全身心投入到核电站的筹备与建设工作中)”可知，他欣然同意转学核能专业，这标志着他毕生致力于发展中国核电事业的开始。他被任命为总指挥，再次全身心投入到核电站的筹备和建设中。由此推知，彭士禄是一个无私和奉献的人。故选B。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“In fact, he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects, from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations. (事实上，从第一代核潜艇到大亚湾和秦山核电站的建设，他在中国早期的大部分核电项目中都担任领导职务)”和最后一段中“The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions. (中共中央宣传部授予他“时代楷模”称号，以表彰他的贡献)”可知，文章讲述了中国著名的核动力专家彭士禄的事迹，尤其体现了彭士禄为祖国发展所做的贡献。由此可知，“A Nuclear Hero Devoted Himself to His Country (一位核英雄致力于帮助他的国家)”最契合彭士禄的人物事迹和贡献，适合作为文章标题。故选D。 C The Art of Effective Communication In today’s interconnected world, effective communication is not just a skill, but a necessity. Whether we are at work, at school, or in our personal lives, the ability to express our thoughts and feelings clearly and respectfully is of vital importance. Effective communication begins with understanding the audience. Before we speak or write, it is important to consider who we are communicating with and what their needs, expectations, and emotions might be. This awareness helps us to tailor our message in a way that is most likely to be understood and appreciated. Active listening is another key element of effective communication. It involves giving full attention to the speaker, showing empathy, and avoiding interruptions. Active listening not only helps us to fully grasp the speaker’s intended meaning, but also shows our respect for their point of view. Non-verbal communication, such as body language and facial expressions, also plays a significant role in how our message is received. A smile, a nod, or a raised eyebrow can convey a message that words alone cannot express. Therefore, it is important to be aware of our own non-verbal cues and how they might be understood by others. Feedback(反馈) is another crucial aspect of effective communication. It allows us to assess how well our message has been understood and received. Constructive feedback can help us to improve our communication skills and better meet the needs of our audience. In conclusion, effective communication is a multifaceted (多方面的) skill that requires attention to both verbal and non-verbal elements. By understanding our audience, practicing active listening, being aware of our non-verbal cues, and seeking feedback, we can greatly improve our ability to communicate effectively with others. 8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key element of effective communication? A. Active listening. B. Being aware of non-verbal cues. C. Understanding the audience. D. Avoiding eye contact. 9. Why is understanding the audience important for effective communication? A. It helps us avoid making mistakes in our daily life. B. It enables us to express more complex thoughts. C. It allows us to adjust our message for better understanding. D It makes us more confident and comfortable in communication. 10. What is the purpose of seeking feedback in communication? A. To make a deep impression on the audience. B. To figure out how well others understand and accept our message. C. To avoid giving constructive suggestions. D. To make our communication more interesting. 11. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Non-verbal communication is more important than verbal communication. B. People with poor communication skills don’t need feedback. C. If we ignore non-verbal cues, our communication may not be as effective. D. Understanding the audience is the most important element in communication. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有效沟通的重要性以及有效沟通的关键要素，包括了解受众、积极倾听、注意非语言沟通和寻求反馈等。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。文章第二段“Effective communication begins with understanding the audience(有效的沟通始于了解受众)”提到了理解受众是有效沟通的要素；第三段“Active listening is another key element of effective communication(积极倾听是有效沟通的另一个关键要素)”提到了积极倾听是有效沟通的要素；第四段“Non-verbal communication, such as body language and facial expressions, also plays a significant role in how our message is received(非言语沟通，如肢体语言和面部表情，在我们传递的信息被接收的方式中也起着重要作用)”提到了注意非言语暗示是有效沟通的要素。而文中未提及避免眼神接触是有效沟通的要素。故选D项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Before we speak or write, it is important to consider who we are communicating with and what their needs, expectations, and emotions might be. This awareness helps us to tailor our message in a way that is most likely to be understood and appreciated(在我们说话或写作之前，考虑我们交流的对象是谁，他们的需求、期望和情绪可能是什么是很重要的。这种意识有助于我们调整信息的方式，使其最有可能被理解和欣赏)”可知，理解受众能让我们调整自己的信息以便更好地被理解。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Feedback (反馈) is another crucial aspect of effective communication. It allows us to assess how well our message has been understood and received(反馈是有效沟通的另一个关键方面。它使我们能够评估我们的信息被理解和接受的程度)”可知，在沟通中寻求反馈的目的是了解他人对我们信息的理解和接受程度。故选B项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Non-verbal communication, such as body language and facial expressions, also plays a significant role in how our message is received. A smile, a nod, or a raised eyebrow can convey a message that words alone cannot express(非言语沟通，如肢体语言和面部表情，在我们传递的信息被接收的方式中也起着重要的作用。一个微笑、点头或扬眉吐气都能传达出仅用言语无法表达的信息)”可知，非言语沟通在信息传递中很重要，一个微笑、点头或扬眉吐气都能传达出仅用言语无法表达的信息。由此推知，如果忽略非言语暗示，我们的沟通可能就不会那么有效。故选C项。 D Many farmers in China are exploring new career paths. From drone (无人机)operators to social media influencers, new types of occupations taken on by Chinese farmers not only bring higher incomes but also put new life into China’s rural area. In April 2016, Yu Xiaojun, 28, founded an agricultural machinery services cooperative(农机服务合作社) in partnership with his friends to provide services including sowing, crop protection and harvesting for large farms with drones. The cooperative now has over 100 sets of machinery and equipment and more than 20 staff members. Many young people ask Yu to teach them how to fly drones. As a short-video craze sweeps China, many farmers are becoming enthusiastic about sharing their lives online. Livestreaming has become a new farming tool, allowing farmers to reap the benefits of selling goods directly to urban consumers. Holding a plate of dried sweet potatoes, Zhang Chuanfeng stood in front of a mobile phone to introduce the local products. The 40-year-old farmer is 1.4 meters tall and was worried about his future after struggling in various jobs because he is too short. However, his transition has been a success. With the support of the local government, Zhang rented a stall and opened his online business. To improve his marketing skills, he attended training courses and learned from other online streamers. In April 2020, Zhang started livestreaming sales. The products received positive feedback from the market, and that encouraged Zhang to include more types of local specialties in his sales. His hard work paid off. Now Zhang has over 90,000 followers on the Douyin short-video platform. He made 5 million yuan from sales of local specialties last year. He also volunteered to help locals sell other products including honey, organic eggs and fish through livestreaming. “Through my efforts, I have lifted my family out of poverty, which was unimaginable before,” Zhang said. “Compared to professional livestreamers, we are just at the primary stage. I hope more professionals will join us and we can build our brand.” 12. What did Yu Xiaojun do in April 2016? A. He became a social media influencer after he learned to operate drones. B. He set up an an agricultural machinery services union with friends. C. He started to use drones for his own small farm. D. He successfully explored new career paths for all Chinese farmers. 13. The underlined word “craze” in the fourth paragraph most probably means ____________. A. fashion B. danger C. problem D. challenge 14. What was a barrier to Zhang Chuanfeng’s career? A. His knowledge. B. His identity. C. His height. D. His background. 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Chinese farmers are facing difficulties in agriculture. B. The new technology has brought more problems to Chinese farmers. C. Chinese farmers are seeking new job paths and tech for success. D. Chinese farmers must rely on social media to increase incomes. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国许多农民正在探索新的职业道路，从无人机操作员到社交媒体影响者，这些新职业不仅为农民带来了更高的收入，还为中国的农村地区注入了新的活力。文章通过两个具体的例子，展示了农民如何利用新技术和新平台来改善生活和增加收入。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In April 2016, Yu Xiaojun, 28, founded an agricultural machinery services cooperative (农机服务合作社) in partnership with his friends to provide services including sowing, crop protection and harvesting for large farms with drones(2016年4月，28岁的余晓军与朋友们合伙成立了一个农业机械服务合作社，为大型农场提供包括播种、作物保护和收割在内的无人机服务)”可知，余小军和他的朋友们成立了一个农机服务合作社，为大型农场提供包括播种、作物保护和使用无人机收割等服务，故选B。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“many farmers are becoming enthusiastic about sharing their lives online. Livestreaming has become a new farming tool, allowing farmers to reap the benefits of selling goods directly to urban consumers(许多农民热衷于在网上分享他们的生活。直播已成为一种新的农业工具，使农民能够直接向城市消费者销售商品并从中受益)” 可知，随着短视频的某种情况席卷中国，许多农民开始热衷于在网上分享他们的生活，可推测“craze”意思是“热潮；时尚”，与A选项“fashion(时尚；潮流)”意思相近，故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The 40-year-old farmer is 1.4 meters tall and was worried about his future after struggling in various jobs because he is too short(这位40岁的农民身高1.4米，曾因个子太矮而在各种工作中挣扎，并为此担忧自己的未来)”可知，张传峰身高1.4米，由于太矮，在尝试了各种工作后，他对自己的未来感到担忧。所以他职业生涯的一个障碍是他的身高，故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Many farmers in China are exploring new career paths. From drone (无人机) operators to social media influencers, new types of occupations taken on by Chinese farmers not only bring higher incomes but also put new life into China’s rural area(许多中国农民正在探索新的职业道路。从无人机操作员到社交媒体影响者，中国农民所从事的新型职业不仅带来了更高的收入，也为中国农村地区注入了新的活力)”、第二段“In April 2016, Yu Xiaojun, 28, founded an agricultural machinery services cooperative (农机服务合作社) in partnership with his friends to provide services including sowing, crop protection and harvesting for large farms with drones(2016年4月，28岁的余晓军与朋友们合伙成立了一个农业机械服务合作社，为大型农场提供包括播种、作物保护和收割在内的无人机服务)”以及最后一段“Compared to professional livestreamers, we are just at the primary stage. I hope more professionals will join us and we can build our brand(与专业主播相比，我们仍处于初级阶段。我希望更多专业人士加入我们，共同打造我们的品牌)”可知文章讲述了中国许多农民正在探索新的职业道路，这些新职业带来了更高收入并为农村注入新活力。接着文章通过余小军成立农机服务合作社和张传峰通过直播销售当地特产脱贫的例子进一步说明了中国农民在寻求新的职业道路和利用新技术取得成功。C选项 “Chinese farmers are seeking new job paths and tech for success(中国农民正在寻求新的职业道路和技术以获得成功)”表达的含义符合文章主旨，故选C。 第二节(共5 小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you been wishing to put on your hiking shoes and enter the woods for a little backpacking (背包) trip, but you’ re not sure exactly where to start? That’s okay! We’ve got you covered on all the backpacking basics. ___16___ Start with a close trip. Find an overnight trip that’s not too far away from where you live and try for just a night. This will make you feel safer, and you won’t have to take along much heavy equipment during your first attempt. ___17___ Over time, you can work up to a tougher trip. Plan ahead. You need to make sure you know where you’re going, where you’re camping out, where to find water, etc. Be sure to read up on the route you’re hiking on, so that you can prepare for your journey in advance! It also includes choosing a route, figuring out when you’re going to set off, who you’re going with, and what you’re going to bring along. ___18___ Put safety first. While beautiful, the wilderness can sometimes also be dangerous. ___19___ What’s worse, there are no hospitals close by. So make sure you know some basic first aid and stay safe and careful when you’re on the way. ___20___ When you’re backpacking and camping out, it’s important to try to leave the space as natural as it was when you found it. If you’ve made a fire, be sure to put it out and bury it before you head back onto the trip. Also, don’t leave any waste or litter behind. Pick up after yourself and take care of the beautiful earth! A. Take care of nature. B. Take advantage of the peace. C. Then, you can finish it more easily. D. You never know what could happen outdoors. E. You should also take time to relax. F. Here are all the things you need to know as a backpacking beginner! G. You can make a checklist to get all these totally prepared. 【答案】16. F 17. C 18. G 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了背包旅行初学者需要了解的基础知识。 【16题详解】 由上文“Have you been wishing to put on your hiking shoes and enter the woods for a little backpacking (背包) trip, but you’ re not sure exactly where to start? That’s okay! We’ve got you covered on all the backpacking basics. (你是否一直希望穿上徒步鞋，走进森林，来一次背包旅行，但又不确定从哪里开始？没关系！我们为你涵盖了所有背包旅行的基础知识。)”可知，上文引入了背包旅行的基础知识，本空应为一个总结性的句子，概括文章的主题。F选项“Here are all the things you need to know as a backpacking beginner! (作为一个背包旅行新手，你需要知道的所有事情都在这里了！)”能够承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 【17题详解】 由上文“Find an overnight trip that’s not too far away from where you live and try for just a night. This will make you feel safer, and you won’t have to take along much heavy equipment during your first attempt. (找一个离你住处不太远的过夜旅行，只尝试一个晚上。这样会让你感觉更安全，而且在第一次尝试时，你不必携带太多沉重的装备。)”可知，上文建议新手从短途旅行开始，并说明了这样做的好处。本空应进一步说明短途旅行的好处。C选项“Then, you can finish it more easily. (然后，你可以更容易地完成它。)”能够承接上文，说明短途旅行的好处之一，即更容易完成。故选C。 【18题详解】 由上文“You need to make sure you know where you’re going, where you’re camping out, where to find water, etc. Be sure to read up on the route you’re hiking on, so that you can prepare for your journey in advance! It also includes choosing a route, figuring out when you’re going to set off, who you’re going with, and what you’re going to bring along. (你需要确保你知道你要去哪里，在哪里露营，在哪里找水等等。一定要提前了解你要徒步的路线，以便你能提前为你的旅程做好准备！这还包括选择路线、确定出发时间、确定同行人员以及携带什么物品。)”可知，上文强调了提前计划的重要性，并列出了需要提前准备的事项。本空应提供一个具体的方法来确保所有事项都得到妥善处理。G选项“You can make a checklist to get all these totally prepared. (你可以制作一个清单来确保所有这些事项都准备妥当。)”能够承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 【19题详解】 由上文“Put safety first. (安全第一。)”和“While beautiful, the wilderness can sometimes also be dangerous. (虽然荒野很美丽，但有时也很危险。)”可知，上文强调了安全的重要性，并指出荒野可能存在的危险性，本空应进一步强调户外活动的不可预测性和潜在的危险性。D选项“You never know what could happen outdoors. (你永远不知道户外会发生什么。)”能够承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 【20题详解】 由下文“When you’re backpacking and camping out, it’s important to try to leave the space as natural as it was when you found it. If you’ve made a fire, be sure to put it out and bury it before you head back onto the trip. Also, don’t leave any waste or litter behind. Pick up after yourself and take care of the beautiful earth! (当你背包旅行和露营时，重要的是要尽量保持空间像你发现它时一样自然。如果你生了火，一定要在回程前把火扑灭并掩埋好。此外，不要留下任何废物或垃圾。自己收拾好并照顾好这个美丽的地球！)”可知，下文强调了保护自然环境的重要性，本空应概括下文的内容。A选项“Take care of nature. (照顾大自然。)”能够概括下文的内容，符合题意。故选A。 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 While I was riding a bike, I noticed a man about half a mile in front of me. He was traveling at a lower speed, so I decided to ____21____ him. I had about a mile to go on the road before turning off. I started ____22____ faster and faster. And every block, I gradually closed the distance. Finally, I ____23____ him and passed him by. I felt like a ____24____, while he seemed unaware that we were in a ____25____. After I passed him, I realized that I had been so ____26____ on competing against him that I had ____27____ my turn, had gone nearly six blocks past it and had to turn around. Isn’t that what ____28____ in life? We spend most of our time ____29____ with neighbors, friends and family, trying to _____30_____ them, or trying to outdo them — while there was never a competition in the first place. We use most of our time and energy competing with others instead of _____31_____ our destination, and we miss out on our own paths to our destinies _____32_____. Unhealthy competition is a continuous process and a never-ending cycle. No matter what you do, someone will always be _____33_____ you; someone with a better job, a nice car and more money. Feel grateful for what life has offered you, stay concentrated on your _____34_____ and live a healthy life. There’s no _____35_____ in destiny. Run your own race of life and wish others well! 21. A. remind B. approach C. pass D. follow 22. A. running B. driving C. walking D. cycling 23. A. caught up with B. put up with C. kept up with D. came up with 24. A. judge B. winner C. partner D. bystander 25. A. test B. project C. race D. task 26. A. focused B. dependent C. hard D. impressed 27. A. finished B. missed C. wasted D. made 28. A. remains B. offers C. happens D. works 29. A. celebrating B. communicating C. arguing D. competing 30. A. defeat B. help C. encourage D. please 31. A. choosing B. exploring C. reaching D. understanding 32. A. by chance B. on purpose C. as usual D. as a result 33. A. next to B. ahead of C. around D. behind 34. A. choice B. path C. position D. business 35. A. competition B. mistake C. experiment D. limit 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己路上超车而错过转弯的经历悟出人生道理——命运没有竞争，我们要专注于自己的道路，过上健康的生活。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他正在以较低的速度行驶，所以我决定超过他。A. remind提醒；B. approach接近；C. pass超过；D. follow跟踪。根据下文“Finally, I ____3____ him and passed him by.”可知，作者想超过他。pass是原词复现。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始骑自行车越来越快。A. running跑；B. driving驾驶；C. walking走路；D. cycling骑车。根据上文“While I was riding a bike”可知，作者应是骑自行车越来越快。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：最后，我追上了他，从他身边经过。A. caught up with赶上；追上；B. put up with容忍；C. kept up with紧跟；跟上；D. came up with想出；提出。根据下文“and passed him by”可知，作者应是先追上，再从他身边经过。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感觉自己像个胜利者，而他似乎没有意识到我们正在比赛。A. judge裁判；B. winner获胜者；C. partner合作者；D. bystander旁观者；局外人。根据上文“him and passed him by”可知，作者超过了他，认为自己是胜利者。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. test测试；B. project项目；C. race比赛；D. task任务。根据下文“competing against him”可知，作者认为他们在比赛，然而他却没有意识到。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我超过他之后，我意识到我一直专注于与他竞争，以至于我错过了转弯，已经过了将近六个街区，不得不调头。A. focused专注的；B. dependent依靠的；C. hard困难的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据下文“had gone nearly six blocks past it and had to turn around”可知，作者如此集中注意力比赛以至于忘了转弯了。下文“stay concentrated on your ____14____”也有暗示，concentrated与focused是同义词复现。故选A。 27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. finished完成；B. missed错过；C. wasted浪费；D. made制作。根据下文“had to turn around”可知，作者错过了转弯，不得不调头。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不就是生活发生的吗？A. remains仍然；B. offers提供；C. happens发生；D. works工作。根据下文“or trying to outdo them”可知，和别人比赛的事情也发生在我们生活中。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们大部分时间都在与邻居、朋友和家人竞争，试图击败他们，或者试图超越他们——然而从一开始就没有竞争。A. celebrating庆祝；B. communicating交流；C. arguing争论；D. competing竞争。根据下文“or trying to outdo them”可知，我们在和他们比赛。下文“while there was never a competition”中的competition与compete是同根词。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. defeat战胜；B. help帮助；C. encourage鼓励；D. please取悦。根据下文“trying to outdo them”可知，我们在努力打败或者胜过他们。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们用大部分时间和精力与他人竞争，而不是到达目的地，因此我们错过了通往自己命运的道路。A. choosing选择；B. exploring探索；C. reaching到达；D. understanding理解。根据下文“miss out on our own paths”可知，作者在与别人比赛中也会忘记到达自己的目的地。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意同上。A. by chance偶然；B. on purpose故意；C. as usual像往常一样；D. as a result结果。根据句意可知，本句是因果关系，我们用大部分时间和精力与他人竞争是原因，错过通往自己命运的道路是结果。故as a result符合语境。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：无论你做什么，总会有人在你前面；一个有更好的工作，一辆好车和更多钱的人。A. next to靠近；B. ahead of在……前面；C. around在……周围；D. behind在……后面。根据下文“someone with a better job, a nice car and more money”可知，有人总会在你前面，比你过得好。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：感激生活给你的一切，专注于自己的道路，过上健康的生活。A. choice选择；B. path小路；（人生的）道路；C. position位置；D. business生意。根据上文“I had ____7____ my turn, had gone nearly six blocks past it and had to turn around”可知，作者专注于同他人竞争而没能到达自己的目的地，说明我们应该专注于自己的道路。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：命运没有竞争。A. competition竞争；B. mistake错误；C. experiment试验；D. limit限制。根据下文“Run your own race of life and wish others well!”可知，作者此处想表达命运没有竞争。故选A。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Iron sparkling (火花) is a large-scale folk cultural performance skill developed by ancient Chinese craftsmen in the process of casting utensils (铸造器皿). Iron sparkling began in the Northern Song Dynasty, ___36___ has a history of more than 1,000 years. Recently, it ___37___ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage. Iron sparkling is popular in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, ___38___ (especial) in Henan and Shanxi provinces. When the show begins, the iron is burnt to more than 1,600 degrees centigrade in advance until it turns into molten (熔化的) iron. Then one craftsman will throw a spoon up to the air and hit it to create “iron flowers”. The flowers fly in all ___39___ (direction) and blossom in the night sky, creating an ___40___ (amaze) scene. This art form ___41___ (require) not only extraordinary courage but also precise skills. The craftsmen must have ___42___ deep understanding of the characteristics of the molten iron to ensure a safe and wonderful performance. They devote themselves to this craft, passing on ___43___ (they) skills and passion from one generation to the next. It is more than just entertainment. It stands ___44___ the bravery and perseverance of the Chinese people. So it is important to protect and promote such traditional arts. They are the roots of Chinese culture, ___45___ (connect) us to our past and guiding us into the future. 【答案】36. and 37. has been listed 38. especially 39. directions 40. amazing 41. requires 42. a 43. their 44. for 45. connecting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了打铁花这一民间文化表演技艺的历史、特点及其重要性。 【36题详解】 考查连词。句意：打铁花始于北宋，已有一千多年的历史。began in the Northern Song Dynasty和 has a history of more than 1,000 years之间是并列关系，所以用并列连词and连接。故填and。 【37题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：最近，它被列为非物质文化遗产。且根据时间状语Recently可知，强调动作已经完成，时态应用现在完成时，主语it与谓语list“把……列入一览表”之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been listed。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：铁花在黄河中下游很受欢迎，特别是在河南和山西两省。此处引出后面的例子，应用副词especially“特别是，尤其”，作状语。故填especially。 【39题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：这些花火在夜空中向四面八方飞舞、绽放，形成了一幅令人惊叹的景象。direction“方向”为可数名词，前面有all修饰，应用复数形式。故填directions。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这些花火在夜空中向四面八方飞舞、绽放，形成了一幅令人惊叹的景象。此处修饰名词scene，应用形容词amazing“令人惊叹的”，作定语。故填amazing。 【41题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种艺术形式不仅需要非凡的勇气，还需要精确的技巧。此处陈述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语为This art form，谓语用require“需要”的第三人称单数形式。故填requires。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：工匠们必须对熔铁的特性有深刻的理解，才能确保表演既安全又精彩。此处泛指“一种深刻的理解”，且deep为辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 【43题详解】 考查代词。句意：他们全身心投入到这项工艺中，将他们的技艺和热情一代又一代地传承下去。此处修饰名词skills and passion，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 【44题详解】 考查介词。句意：它代表着中国人民的勇敢和毅力。此处表示“代表”应用stand for，本空用介词for，符合题意。故填for。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是中国文化的根源，将我们与过去联系起来，引领我们走向未来。本句谓语为are，此处为非谓语动词，且They与connect“联系”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填connecting。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你校即将举办主题为“Love Myself”的心理健康讨论。请你写一篇演讲稿。内容包括： 1.你的理解 2.举例说明 3.发出呼吁 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear teachers and fellow students. Today, I want to talk about the importance of loving ourselves. “Love Myself” means accepting who we are, including our strengths and weaknesses. It’s about being kind to ourselves, especially during tough times. For example, when I failed a math test last year, I felt disappointed. Instead of blaming myself, I reminded myself that mistakes are part of learning. This mindset helped me improve and regain confidence. Let’s all embrace self-love. Treat ourselves with the same care we offer to others. Together, we can create a healthier and happier environment. Thank you! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。校即将举办主题为“Love Myself”的心理健康讨论，要求考生按照要求写一篇演讲稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要性：importance → significance 艰难的：tough → difficult 失望的：disappointed → chagrined 帮助：help→ assist 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：This mindset helped me improve and regain confidence. 拓展句：It was this mindset that helped me improve and regain confidence. 【点睛】【高分句型1】“Love Myself” means accepting who we are, including our strengths and weaknesses.（运用了who引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】For example, when I failed a math test last year, I felt disappointed.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句） 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In 1945, a 12-year-old boy saw a beautiful brooch (胸针) in a shop window that set his heart racing. But the price-five dollars-was too high for Reuben Earle. Five dollars would buy almost a week’s food for his family. Reuben couldn’t ask his father for the money, Everything his father made through fishing went to his mother, Dora. Slim and beautiful, she was the center of the home and the glue that held it together. The housework was never-ending, and she struggled to feed and clothe their five children, but she was happy as her family and their well-being were all she cared about. However, he opened the shop’s door and went inside. Standing proudly and straight in his flour-sack (面粉袋改做的) shirt and washed-out trousers, he told the shopkeeper what he wanted, adding, “But I don’t have the money right now, Can you please hold it for me for some time?” “I’ll try,” the shopkeeper smiled. “People around here don’t usually have that kind of money to spend on things. It should keep for a while.” Reuben respectfully touched his worn cap and walked out. He would raise the money and not tell anybody for he thought Mum would get surprised when she saw that brooch. Reuben was at a loss when he heard the sound of hammering(捶打) from a side street. People built their own homes in Bay Roberts, using nails(钉子) bought in bags from a local factory. Sometimes the used bags were thrown away at the construction site, and some people sold them back to the factory for five cents a piece. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.开头已给出，请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Para 1. At that moment, he came up with a plan. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para 2. Excited and proud, he returned home with the brooch. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 At that moment, he came up with a plan. Reuben decided to collect the discarded nails bags. Every day after school, he would make a detour to the construction site, picking up the bags and accumulating them in a hidden spot. Finally, when he had gathered enough, Reuben took them to the factory and sold them. Holding the precious dollars in his hand, he raced back to the shop. His heart was pounding as he handed over the money and received the beautiful brooch in return. Excited and proud, he returned home with the brooch. He waited patiently for the perfect moment that he could present to his mother. He quietly approached her and held out the small box. With a trembling hand, she opened it and gasped at the sight of the sparkling brooch. Tears welled up in her eyes as she embraced Reuben tightly. “Where did you get this?” she asked, her voice choked with emotion. Reuben explained how he had saved up for it, determined to give her a special gift. His mother’s face lit up with pride and love, knowing that her son’s heart was as precious as the brooch he had given her. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物情感和事件发展为线索展开，讲述了1945年，12岁的鲁本看到橱窗里一枚漂亮的胸针，因价格昂贵买不起，后来发现有人收集建筑工地废弃的钉子袋卖钱，他由此想到办法去筹集买胸针的钱的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容 “在那一刻，他想出了一个计划。” 可知，第一段可描写鲁本具体实施计划的过程，即如何收集钉子袋，然后卖掉袋子攒够钱买到胸针。 ②由第二段首句内容 “他既兴奋又自豪，带着胸针回到了家。” 可知，第二段可描写鲁本回家后把胸针送给妈妈的场景，以及妈妈的反应和他们之间的情感交流。 2.续写线索：想出计划 —— 收集袋子 —— 卖掉袋子 —— 买到胸针 —— 回家送胸针 —— 妈妈的反应 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①决定：decide to do /make up one’s mind to do ②绕道：make a detour /take a roundabout way ③接近：approach /get close to 情绪类 ①耐心地：patiently/with patience ②感动：choked with emotion /touched 【点睛】[高分句型1] Every day after school, he would make a detour to the construction site, picking up the bags and accumulating them in a hidden spot.（使用了现在分词短语作状语） [高分句型 2] He waited patiently for the perfect moment that he could present to his mother.（使用了以moment为先行词、以关系词that为引导词的定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$