Unit3 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language With ten family members living in the same household，①Tom's family is really a big one.Tom is a middle school student to whom ②physics is the most difficult subject.His uncle is a policeman.Once he got a piece of news saying that ③some jewellery was stolen.④The police were soon sent to look into the case.His elder sister is a basketball player, almost ⑤80% of whose time is used to practice basketball.Each time⑥her team plays, ⑦ an audience of hundreds are watching the game.Though ⑧different people have different personalities, they live in harmony with each other.The reason is that there in his family ⑨the old are highly respected and ⑩the young are well taken care of. 1．学科名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如②； 2．有些集体名词作主语，表示整体概念时谓语动词用单数，如①和⑥；表示具体成员时谓语动词用复数，如⑦； 3．有些集体名词通常只用作不可数名词，其作主语时谓语动词用单数，如③； 4．有些集体名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如④和⑧； 5．“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后的名词的数，如⑤； 6．“the＋形容词”表示一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数，如⑨和⑩。 主谓一致(1) 一、主谓一致的概念和原则 主谓一致即在句子中谓语动词的数必须和主语的数保持一致。一般可根据三个原则来确定：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近一致原则。本章节我们主要讲解意义一致原则。 二、意义一致原则及其具体应用 1．集体名词作主语，如果指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army，audience, committee, class, crowd, crew, family, group, government, population, staff, team, public等。 ①As is reported, the committee is comprised of ten members. 正如报道的那样，该委员会由10名成员组成。 ②As was reported, the committee were in the hall. 正如报道的那样，委员们在大厅内。 ③All people present think that the team is well organized. 在场的所有人都认为这个队伍组织协调性很好。 ④All people present think that the team are all good players. 在场的所有人都认为这个队的队员都是好样的。 2．有些集体名词如people, cattle, police, clothes, trousers等作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 ①Obviously, the people in this workshop are very friendly. 显然，这个车间的人很友好。 ②Shortly after the accident, the police were sent to keep order. 事故发生不久，警察就被派去维持秩序。 3．单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据句意来确定。常见的这类名词有：deer, fish, sheep, species, series, means, aircraft, crossroads 等。 ①A sheep was eating grass on the hillside when the outstanding pilot made a forced landing. 这位优秀的飞行员迫降时，一只羊正在山坡上吃草。 ②All means of communication between here and outside are interrupted. 这里同外界的所有通信方式都中断了。 4．有的集体名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，比如 clothing, poetry, luggage, furniture, machinery, scenery, jewellery, equipment, information, news 等。 ①Our clothing protects us against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。 ②All their luggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。 5．学科名词如maths, politics, physics等作主语时，谓语用单数形式；表示书名、剧名、报刊名、国名、地名的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ①To my surprise, physics is her favourite subject. 令我惊讶的是，物理学是她最喜欢的科目。 ②The United States is a developed country. 美国是一个发达国家。 6．表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 ①Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. 她付不起4 000美元。 ②Three days is too short a time for me to do it. 三天时间做成这件事对我来说太短了。 7．“the＋形容词”作主语表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式；表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ①The new is sure to take the place of the old. 新生事物一定会代替旧事物。 ②The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 8．“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词的数。 ①Two thirds of the students support the plan. 三分之二的学生支持这个计划。 ②21% of the atmosphere is oxygen. 大气中的 21%是氧气。 9．主语是不定代词all, some, any, neither, more, most 或 the rest, the half等时，若指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式；若指代可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。 ①All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant some crops. 我们所需要的是一小块可以种庄稼的土地。 ②All wishing to apply for the job were given an application form. 所有想申请这份工作的人都发给了一张申请表。 10．其他形式的主谓一致 并列主语“名词＋and＋名词”结构表示同一个人或同一个概念时，用单数；“a number of＋复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 ①A poet and artist is coming to our school to deliver a speech tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午，一位诗人兼艺术家要来我们学校发表演讲。 ②Since the famine broke out, the number of people dying of starvation has been increasing. 自从饥荒暴发以来，死于饥饿的人数一直在增加。 ③A number of students are interested in the war film directed by Steven Spielberg. 许多学生对史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格执导的这部战争电影感兴趣。 ————即学即练———— Ⅰ.用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．Our family has been in this city for about sixteen years and my family are all fond of music.(be) 2．The medical team, which consists (consist) of five doctors and ten nurses, is to be sent to the flood­stricken area. 3．The local government has taken (take) some measures to stop such rare animals from dying out so far. 4．Every means is (be) to be considered before we choose the best one. 5．People in this small town often make (make) their own houses from wood or materials that have been thrown away. Ⅱ.语法填空 The wounded 1.were (be) wearing glasses.They 2.were (be) reading The Arabian Nights, which 3.is (be) a very interesting story book. Just then, a herd of cattle came from the distance, with furniture on their backs, which 4.was (be) worth 30，000 dollars.This means of transportation 5.is (be) the most convenient one here, because more than 80 percent of the land 6.is covered (cover) with grass.Cattle 7.are (be) common here. put down 镇压；放下；记下 put up with 容忍，忍受 put aside 把……放一边；储蓄 put away 将……收起来 put forward 提出；拨快(时钟指针) put out 扑灭；生产 put off 推迟 【练透】　用put短语填空 ①It took the villagers about two hours to put out the big fire. ②The government put down an armed rebellion last week. ③Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. ④Commercial advertisement is one of the things we have to put up with when watching TV. refer to...as 把……称作…… (1)refer v． 提到；涉及；查阅 refer to 指的是；谈及；涉及；查阅 refer to a book/dictionary 查阅书/词典 refer...to... 把……送交给(以求获得帮助等) (2)reference n． 提及；参考；查阅 in/with reference to 关于 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer). ②As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor. ③People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”． ④切记演讲时不要参考演讲稿。 Do remember the speech should be given without referring to the notes． keep to 遵守；履行；不偏离(主题) keep up 保持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) keep one's spirits up 使某人精神振作 keep off 避开；(使)不接近 keep up with 赶上；不落在后面 keep (on) doing sth. 一直/继续做某事 keep...out of 使……不进入；不惹事 keep away from 远离；避免接近 【练透】　用 keep短语填空/完成句子 ①Only when you keep to your promise can we trust you. ②The world has been developing very fast, and every country must keep up with the times. ③I managed to stick to the diet and keep off sweet foods. ④面对各种困难，我们不应灰心而应保持良好的心态。 In the face of all these difficulties, we should not be discouraged but keep our spirits up． (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题2分，共14分) 1．Different forces have been assigned to help with peacekeeping (维持和平). 2．As a peacekeeper (维和人员), Tim has to give up staying with his family most of the time. 3．Air force jets bombed (轰炸) the airport and caused many deaths and injuries. 4．Knowledge is the only weapon (武器) to fight the spread of the disease. 5．The friction (摩擦) slows the spacecraft down as it reenters the earth's atmosphere. 6．Children usually have great admiration for such people in uniform (制服) as policemen. 7．The government has taken measures to maintain the stability (稳定) of prices. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题2分，共16分) 1．People have shown (show) great love to the victims since the disaster happened. 2．As to him, politics is (be) a complicated subject, bothering the boy a lot. 3．The audience was (be) so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the hall. 4．A group of sheep are (be) eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill. 5．Since every possible means has been used (use) to prevent the air pollution, the sky is blue as before. 6．The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one third of them were used (use) regularly. 7．Three thousand dollars is (be) quite a lot of money for a boy. 8．The rich are for the plan, while the poor are against it.(be) Ⅲ.选用括号内合适的词汇完成下面短文。(每题2分，共8分) There 1.were (were, was) a number of international friends that supported and helped China in the war against Japanese aggression.One of them 2.was (were, was) Minnie Vautrin, an American educator who was best known for her heroic efforts during the Nanjing Massacre (南京大屠杀). She became the acting president of Ginling College in Nanjing, a women's college that aimed to promote education and women's rights.When the city fell during the war, Vautrin, as well as her colleagues, was determined to transform the college campus into a safe shelter.Both women and children 3.were (were，was) saved from the widespread killing.The campus, which was originally meant to hold 2，750 refugees (难民), ended up housing up to 10，000. Vautrin's tireless dedication and courage in the face of overwhelming horror earned her deep respect.What's more, what the Japanese soldiers did to the Chinese 4.was documented (was documented, were documented) by Vautrin in her diary, which provided crucial historical evidence of the atrocities (暴行) during that period. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题3分，共12分) (2024·广东惠州市高二下期中)Shoes worn by the warriors of the first emperor of China, famously known as the Terracotta Army, may have been surprisingly flexible and slip resistant.Copies of them are helping to build a better picture of what Qin dynasty soldiers wore and how this might have aided them in battle. The Terracotta Army found in 1974 near Xi'an, China, is formed of over 8 000 sculptures showing the armies of the founder of the Qin dynasty, Qin Shi Huang.The terracotta figures including warriors, chariots and horses, were buried alongside the emperor more than 2 200 years ago to guard him in the afterlife. Analysis of the sculptures has revealed what the ancient Chinese warriors wore and used.Now, Na Cha and Jin Zhou at Sichuan University in China have recreated the shoes of one of the warriors.The pair determined that the warrior's square­toed shoes had upturned tips and 1.5cm­thick sole (鞋底).There were also circular markings on the bottom of the soles, which the researchers took to represent stitches (缝线).There were more circles at the front and the heel, hinting that the real shoe was thinner in the middle. The terracotta shoes looked like real shoes unearthed from the Qin dynasty, so the researchers used traditional shoe­making techniques and materials from the time to recreate them, even the circular markings on the sole. The researchers also created copies of other shoes found in the region and wore both types to test them.They found that the army copies were more likely to bend during walking and were more slip resistant than the others.They were even more slip resistant in wet conditions than modern shoes with rubber or plastic soles.If the copied shoes truly reflect the real ones, they would probably have enhanced the soldiers' fighting abilities, say Cha and Zhou. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了秦朝士兵的鞋子，研究人员制作了相关的仿制品并进行了测试，结果发现这种鞋子灵活且防滑，还可能会提高士兵的战斗能力。 1．What's one of the features of the shoes worn by Qin dynasty soldiers? A．Strong flexibility. B．Light weight. C．Diverse patterns. D．Poor slip resistance. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段“Shoes worn by the warriors of the first emperor of China, famously known as the Terracotta Army, may have been surprisingly flexible and slip resistant.”可知，秦朝士兵穿的鞋特点之一是灵活性强。故选A。 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How the shoes' soles were made. B．Whether the real shoes were thinner. C．What the terracotta soldiers' shoes were like. D．Why circular markings were made on the bottom. 解析：选C。段落大意题。根据第三段“Analysis of the sculptures has revealed what the ancient Chinese warriors wore and used...”可知，第三段的主要内容是兵马俑士兵的鞋子是什么样的。故选C。 3．How did the researchers test the copied shoes? A．By analyzing the circular markings on the sole. B．By studying the fighting abilities of the soldiers. C．By wearing them and walking in wet conditions. D．By comparing them to modern rubber or plastic soles. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers also created copies of other shoes found in the region and wore both types to test them.They found that the army copies were more likely to bend...”可知，研究人员通过将仿制鞋与现代的橡胶或塑料鞋底进行比较来测试仿制鞋。研究人员制作了在该地区发现的其他鞋子的复制品，并穿着这两种类型的鞋子进行测试。他们发现，军队复制品在走路时更容易弯曲，而且比其他复制品更防滑。在潮湿的条件下，它们甚至比橡胶或塑料鞋底的现代鞋更防滑。故选D。 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The History of the Terracotta Army's Shoes B．The Secret of Terracotta Warrior's Footwear C．The Properties of the Terracotta Army's Shoes D．The Shoes Making Technique in Ancient Times 解析：选C。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了秦朝士兵的鞋子，研究人员制作了相关的仿制品并进行了测试，结果发现这种鞋子灵活且防滑，还可能会提高士兵的战斗能力。可知，C选项“兵马俑军鞋的特性”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每题2分，共30分) People in Excelsior, Minnesota, are too busy to notice the lone figure climbing up to old Oak Hill Cemetery (公墓).He is a 1 man in a golf shirt and he spots a grave with an American flag on it， 2 his horn (号), and plays. The cemetery 3 started three years ago 4 Gary Marquardt, now 68, attended the military funeral (军方葬礼) of a friend's father, who had 5 during World War Ⅱ. It 6 Gary that a recording was being used and not a 7 bugler (号兵).So he decided to step forward. There was only one 8 ： Gary had never played a bugle.He called Bugles Across America (BAA), an organization that provides buglers for military funerals.They told him he would need to receive a test.So he walked into a 9 store and bought a horn. 10 he started to practice. “It was awful，” says Gary's wife, Joanie Marquardt, with a laugh. The Marquardts' neighbors, Bruce and Carol Hedblom， 11 Gary's playing too.“I would have 12 ，” says Carol.Instead, Gary took lessons. “We were all hoping he would get 13 ，” says Joanie.“And then he did.” His neighbors no longer 14 their windows.In fact, they 15 what they're doing, stand at attention, and listen. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。为了缅怀在战争中牺牲的士兵，老人自学吹号，并经常去公墓给烈士演奏。 1． A．gray­haired B．black­eyed C．short­sighted D．fresh­faced 解析：选A。根据下文中的“Gary Marquardt，now 68”可知，这是一位“头发花白的(gray­haired)”老人。 2． A．finds B．waves C．drops D．raises 解析：选D。根据下文中的horn和plays可知，他“举起(raises)”他的号。 3． A．plans B．rules C．visits D．shows 解析：选C。根据上文中的“climbing up to old Oak Hill Cemetery...spots a grave with an American flag on it...”可知，Gary Marquardt是去公墓“看望(visits)”烈士。 4． A．when B．after C．until D．before 解析：选B。根据下文中的“bought a horn...started to practice”等可知，为烈士吹号是在Gary参加完葬礼“之后(after)”开始的。 5． A．played B．served C．suffered D．recorded 解析：选B。结合上文中的“military funeral”和下文中的“during World War Ⅱ”可知，这位朋友的父亲曾在二战中“服役(served)”。 6． A．frightened B．satisfied C．comforted D．bothered 解析：选D。根据上文Gary到公墓为烈士吹号和下文中的“a recording was being used and not a．..bugler”以及Gary自学吹号可知，这件事使Gary感到很“恼火(bothered)”。 7． A．live B．clever C．brave D．reliable 解析：选A。根据上文中的“a recording was being used”可知，那次葬礼用的是录音而不是号兵的“现场(live)”演奏。 8． A．reason B．possibility C．solution D．problem 解析：选D。根据下文中的“Gary had never played a bugle”可知，有一个“问题(problem)”需要解决，那就是Gary 以前从未吹过号。 9． A．toy B．book C．food D．music 解析：选D。根据下文中的“bought a horn”可知，他走进一家“乐器(music)”店。 10．A．Thus B．Again C．Then D．Perhaps 解析：选C。started to practice应该发生在bought a horn之后，故此处填Then。 11．A．hated B．enjoyed C．heard D．reported 解析：选C。根据下文中的“We were all hoping he would get...”和“they...what they're doing, stand at attention, and listen”可知，邻居也“听到(heard)”了Gary的吹奏。 12．A．set off B．come up C．taken off D．given up 解析：选D。根据下文中的“Instead, Gary took lessons”可知，邻居Carol说如果是他，他会选择“放弃(given up)”。 13．A．better B．richer C．busier D．happier 解析：选A。根据下文中的“And then he did”和“they...stand at attention, and listen”可知，邻居们希望Gary能吹得“更好(better)”，而他做到了。 14．A．open B．close C．clean D．break 解析：选B。根据下文中的“stand at attention, and listen”可知，邻居们不再“关上(close)”他们的窗户，事实上，他们甚至“停下(stop)”手头的工作，专心听他吹号。 15．A．stop B．start C．finish D．change 解析：选A。参见上题解析。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每题2分，共20分) Every minute 20 people around the world 1. (force) to leave their homes to escape war and disaster.By the end of May 2023, about 110 million people worldwide made a journey to become refugees (难民), hitting 2. high record. Every day, UN country teams on the ground, many in low­ and middle­income countries 3. (host) nearly 76% of refugees, play critical, front­line roles 4. protecting and improving the lives of displaced people.Here's one example of the collective efforts to support refugee communities around the world and help carve out a way towards a more 5. (hope) future. In Ethiopia, ILO, UNICEF and UNHCR have joined forces to instruct young people 6. come from refugee and host communities and support their way to becoming future leaders. By working with national authorities 7. (start) a Youth Leadership Academy, the UN country team has helped 8. (effective) train and empower young people in the eastern city of Dire Dawa to become organizers, advocates (倡导者) and leaders in their communities, as well as developing new skills to boost their employability.The Academy also brought together 9. (representative) from relevant ministries and trade unions, to help raise 10. (aware) about the rights of youth to work in displaced contexts. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了联合国国家工作队在帮助难民方面所做的努力。 1．解析：are forced。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据Every minute可知，设空处所在句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且20 people与force之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填are forced。 2．解析：a。考查冠词。record为可数名词，意为“记录”，此处表示泛指，故填冠词a。 3．解析：hosting。考查动词­ing形式。设空处作后置定语，修饰low­ and middle­income countries，且low­ and middle­income countries与host之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词­ing形式，故填hosting。 4．解析：in。考查介词。play a role in...为固定搭配，意为“在……方面起作用”，故填in。 5．解析：hopeful。考查形容词。设空处作定语，修饰future，应用形容词，表示“有希望的”，故填hopeful。 6．解析：that/who。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代young people，且在从句中作主语，故填that或who。 7．解析：to start。考查动词不定式。设空处作目的状语，故填to start。 8．解析：effectively。考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰train and empower，应用副词，表示“有效地”，故填effectively。 9．解析：representatives。考查名词复数。representative为可数名词，意为“代表”，此处表示泛指且其前无冠词修饰，应用其复数形式，故填representatives。 10．解析：awareness。考查名词。设空处作raise的宾语，应用其名词形式，故填awareness。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$