Unit3 Section Ⅰ Starting out-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 速读明大意 Ⅰ.Skim the text and fill in the blanks. Ⅱ.What's the main idea of the text? The main idea of the text is to introduce the D­Day landings which happened in 1944 and the 70th anniversary of it． 精读知细节 1．What was the purpose of the “Operation Overlord”？ A．To liberate north­west Europe. B．To remove Germans from England. C．To meet up with the Soviet military. D．To promote the Allies' fighting force. 2．Which of the following can best describe Eisenhower's words? A．Anxious. B．Inspiring. C．Complicated. D．Aggressive. 3．What can we learn about the Allied soldiers fighting at Omaha Beach? A．They met the fiercest defence. B．They felt confident during the action. C．They had the greatest fighting capacity. D．They were fully prepared for the violence. 4．Why did survivors of the D­Day landings gather 70 years later? A．To pay a visit to Omaha Beach. B．To read out a famous poem to the crowd. C．To celebrate the victory of the D­Day landings. D．To remember soldiers who lost their lives on D­Day. 答案：1～4　ABAD 读后悟考点 Ⅰ.扫词汇障碍 熟 词 生 义 operation (Para.1) (常见义) n．手术→(文章义)n.行动 issue (Para.2) (常见义)n.问题；(报刊)期号；发行→(文章义) v．发布，发表 ring (Para.3) (常见义)n.戒指；环状物；铃声 v．打电话；铃响→(文章义) v．回响 journey (Para.3) (常见义)n.旅行→(文章义)v.行进 depth (Para.3) (常见义)n.深(度)→(文章义)n.最糟糕的时候 Ⅱ.破译长难句 [教材1]　Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire. [分析]　本句由两个并列分句组成。第一个分句中men drowned为并列句的省略，men与drowned之间省略了were。while表对比，连接前后两个分句。第二个分句中who did make it to the beach为定语从句，修饰先行词those。 [翻译]　船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功抵达海滩的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。 [教材2]　Seventy years later, men who had fought on D­Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel, where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies. [分析]　本句为主从复合句，句中who had fought on D­Day为定语从句，修饰先行词men; where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词both sides of the English Channel。 [翻译]　70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆日中奋战的战士们聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加悼念仪式。 [教材3]　Although each year they are fewer in number，their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them—as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中although引导让步状语从句，而主句中 that we will always remember them为宾语从句，作mean的宾语；as well as表示并列关系，连接them与those；who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France为定语从句，修饰先行词those。 [翻译]　虽然每年幸存者的人数越来越少，但他们的英勇壮举将会让我们永远铭记他们——以及那些在法国北部海滩上阵亡的士兵。 Ⅲ.学表达技巧 拟人修辞 [教材1]　By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years. [分析]　句中使用了拟人修辞，将第二次世界大战当作人进行描写，生动形象地描述了第二次世界大战在全球肆虐的形势。 [仿写]　尝试用拟人修辞补全句子 当真理刚刚穿上鞋子，谎言可能就已经走了半个世界。 A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes． 高级句式 [教材2]　Code­named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north­west Europe from German occupation. [分析]　“Code­named ‘Operation Overlord’”是动词­ed 短语作状语；“the aim being...German occupation”是独立主格结构作状语。 [仿写]　尝试模仿该句完成下面情景 上周，我们学校举行了一次环保活动。这次活动被命名为“绿色天使”，它鼓励每个学生做一件有利于环境的事情，旨在提高学生们保护环境的意识。 Last week, an environmentally friendly activity was conducted in our school. Named “Green Angel”，it encouraged every student to do one thing that is beneficial to the environment, the aim being to raise students' awareness of protecting the environment． 平行结构 [教材3]　①Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle­hardened... ②I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. [分析]　句中采用平行结构。平行结构是由两个或两个以上短语或句子构成，其并列的结构相同或类似，意思相关，语气连贯，使得句子读起来流畅，富有节奏感。 [仿写]　尝试用平行结构完成下面的情景 教练的鼓励响彻耳旁，我们自信地走向足球场，决心赢得这次比赛，因为我们训练有素、配合绝佳而且准备充分。 With our coach's encouraging words ringing in our ears, we walked to the football court with confidence and were determined to win the match, because we were well­trained, well­cooperated and well­prepared． 过渡衔接 [教材4]　Although each year they are fewer in number, their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them—as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France. [分析]　句子先是运用衔接词although与后文形成转折关系，然后又使用了并列衔接词汇as well as强调“那些在法国北部海滩上阵亡的人”，突出我们将永远记住诺曼底登陆日的幸存者和那些牺牲的英雄们。 [仿写]　尝试用适当的过渡词补全语段 ①As we all know, kids are curious about everything. However, something may be dangerous for them. So parents should remind and protect them. ②We first collected the rubbish on the riverbank, and then we watered the trees and the flowers nearby. Although we were tired out, we all felt happy and pleased. 高频词汇练全 objective n．目的，目标 adj.客观的，公正的→object v．反对；不赞成 n．物体；目标；对象；宾语→objection n．反对；异议；不赞成 (1)achieve/meet/accomplish an objective 达到目标 (2)object to sb./sth. 反对/不赞成某人/某事 object to (sb.'s) doing... 反对(某人)做…… (3)have an objection to/against (doing)... 对……表示反对 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He prefers an objective (object) understanding of the issue rather than a subjective one. ②My parents have an objection (object) to my going to college out of our province. ③I really object to being charged (charge) for parking. ④2009年，联合国将6月8日正式命名为世界海洋日，其目标是提高人们保护海洋的意识。(2022·全国甲卷) June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day, whose objective is to raise people's awareness of protecting oceans．(节日介绍) recall v．回想，回忆起；召回 recall doing sth. 想起做某事 recall that.../wh­从句 想起 recall sth.from... 从……召回…… 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①John recalled attending (attend) school with Mary. ②The company decided to recall all the faulty products from customers. ③每当本(Ben)回忆起这些甜蜜的时刻，一股暖流就席卷了他。 Whenever Ben recalled these sweet moments, a wave of warmth swept through him. get (sth.) across (to sb.)横过， 渡过； 使(某事)被(某人)理解； 把……讲清楚 get rid of 摆脱， 除去 get along/on with 进展；与……和睦相处 get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真地做某事 get over 解决，克服；从……中恢复 get away with 干了(坏事)而不受处分 get into 学会；养成；陷入 get out of 从……得到；获得；摆脱 get through (用电话)接通某人；通过；完成；用完，花光 【练透】　用get短语填空 ①It took me an hour to get across my intention to her. ②It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death. ③The final exam is drawing near, so I must get down to my study. ④That stubborn girl is difficult to get along with, so you must be patient with her. condemn v．迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地；指责，谴责；宣判 condemn sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而谴责某人 condemn sb.to (to为介词) 把某人逼入某状态；给……判罪，给……判刑 condemn sb./sth.as 把某人/某物谴责为…… 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The whole town condemned the girl for her bad behaviour. ②His injured leg condemns him to a wheelchair，which brings inconvenience to him. ③He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged. ④他们资历的缺乏迫使他们要一辈子做单调乏味且通常报酬很低的工作。 Their lack of qualifications condemned them to a lifetime of boring, usually poorly­paid work. 中频词汇练会 Ⅰ.一词多义——根据语境选出barely的含义 A．adv.几乎没有　B．adv.勉强可能　C．adv.不超过(某个数量、年龄、时间等)　D．adv.刚刚 ①I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me. D ②He was barely 20 years old and already running his own company. C ③We barely had time to catch the train. B ④There was barely any smell in the room. A Ⅱ.熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①It takes courage to speak out against the tide of opinion.n.动向，趋势 ②She turned up the radio to drown out the noise from next door.vt.声音压过；盖没 重点句式练透 句型公式：独立主格结构 教材原文：Code­named “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea，air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north­west Europe from German occupation. 这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。 (1)用法：独立主格结构在句中作状语，修饰谓语或整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。表时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的或结果等。 (2)结构： ①名词/代词＋doing (主动/进行) ②名词/代词＋done (被动/完成) ③名词/代词＋to do (未发生的动作) ④名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The table set (set), they began to dine. ②They were talking to the natives, the guide acting (act) as the interpreter. ③Time permitting (permit), we'll go to your house. ④她紧紧地抱住贴心的双胞胎，双眸满是泪水。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) She hugged the caring twins tightly, her eyes flooded with/full of tears． 句型公式：形容词(短语)作状语 教材原文：The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land. 敌人藏身于各个地方，准备在盟军登陆前就开始进攻。 (1)形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 (2)形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。 【练透】　单句语法填空/句式升级/完成句子 ①Different (differ) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation (控告) instead of a moral.(2023·全国甲卷) ②To their great relief, the missing child returned home, tired (tire) but sound, after an absence of two weeks. ③Some of the passengers were seriously injured.They were sent to the nearest hospital at once. →Seriously injured, some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.(形容词短语作状语) ④我又冷又饿，孤身一人，望着那凄凉的花园，思索着我在这里的未来。 Cold, hungry and alone, I looked at the miserable garden, wondering about my future here. (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1分，共8分) 1．The order from the commander (指挥官) was that the troops should set off for the front immediately. 2．The company is an outstanding (杰出的) example of a small business that grew into a big one. 3．After a year without defeat，the team now becomes supreme (最高的) as the finest in the country. 4．A tank (坦克) is a large military vehicle that is hard and equipped with weapons. 5．People watched in horror (惊恐) as the small plane crashed to the ground. 6．A memorial (纪念的) garden was to be created for the heroes in a London park. 7．He recalled (回忆) that she always came home late on Wednesdays. 8．It's going to be some time before the troop (部队) recovers its strength. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．Before liberation (liberate) there were few doctors and little medicine in the countryside. 2．The book gives an objective (object) description of the present situation in that area. 3．It seems that the attack was a random act of violence (violent). 4．If you're brave and courageous, you can make it to the top of the mountain. 5．The guard risked his life to save the drowning (drown) child in the river. 6．She was barely (bare) fifteen when she won her first championship. 7．As the water boils，the water molecules escape in large numbers. 8．At last，he was able to free himself from being punished. 9．Her performance on the stage was nothing less (little) than a miracle or a big surprise. 10．If you love life，don't waste time，for time is what life is made (make) up of. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——报道读书日活动)(每题4分，共20分) 1．为了提高学生的阅读兴趣，我们学校在图书馆开展了一项阅读活动。 With the objective of raising the students' interest in reading, our school launched a reading activity in the library.(objective) 2．本周我们去了图书馆，很兴奋并阅读了校长推荐的《丘吉尔传》一书。 This week we went to the library, very excited, and read the book Biography of Churchill recommended by our headmaster.(形容词短语作状语) 3．丘吉尔是一个拥有政治和军事才华的伟人。 Churchill is a great man who has a good command of political and military talents．(定语从句) 4．作为历史上的杰出人物，他将永远被铭记。 He will always be remembered as an outstanding man in history.(remember) 5．大家对这次活动都很感兴趣，我们期待着下一次的阅读活动。 Everyone interested in it, we are looking forward to the next reading activity.(独立主格结构) Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) By spring 1944, Allied troops had gathered along the south coast of England.It was on 6 June that Operation Overlord 1.was set (set) to begin. It was the most massive 2.combined (combine) sea, air, and land operation in history, aiming to free north­west Europe from German occupation. Supreme Allied Commander, General Eisenhower encouraged the Allied soldiers by 3.giving (give) an inspiring speech in which he expressed his full 4.confidence (confident) in the soldiers' courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. 5．At dawn on that day, thousands of Allied soldiers landed behind enemy lines and thousands more were crossing the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them.Allied troops met the 6.fiercest (fierce) fighting of all at Omaha Beach.Lots of soldiers lost their lives during the operation.At a high price, the Allied troops successfully reached the Normandy beaches and the D­Day landings were 7.commonly (common) regarded as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.By 8.the end of August 1944, Paris was liberated, and the Allied forces were ready to enter Germany 9.to meet (meet) up with the Soviet military. Seventy years later, survivors of the D­Day landings gathered on both sides of the English Channel to remember those 10.who lost their lives on that day. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题4分，共32分) A My grandfather came from Hungary and was the only one in his family who settled down in the United States.The rest of his family remained in Europe.When World War Ⅰ broke out, he seemed to have become another man, downhearted.Such obvious change didn't appear out of concern for his welfare, but out of fear: if his only son, my uncle, had to go to war, it would be the cousin fighting against the cousin. One day in 1918, my Uncle Milton received his draft notice．My grandparents were very upset. But my mother, at the age of 10, felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war. Realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and all of her friends, my uncle bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the services. All the little girls were delighted. The moment came when my uncle and most of the other soldiers, without any training but all in uniforms, boarded the train.The band played and the crowd cheered.Although no one noticed, I'm sure my grandmother had a tear in her eye for the only son.The train slowly pulled out, but didn't run about a thousand yards when it suddenly paused.Everyone stared in wonder as the train slowly returned to the station. There was a dead silence before the doors opened and the men started to step out.Someone shouted, “The war is over！” For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers.The men lined up in two lines, walked down the steps, and with the band playing, marched down the street, as returning heroes to be welcomed home.My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little disappointed that it didn't last a tiny bit longer. [语篇解读]本文为记叙文。作者的祖父从匈牙利移民到了美国，当美国和欧洲开战的时候，祖父忧心忡忡，担心自己的孩子会和远在欧洲的堂兄弟们在战争中厮杀。果然他还是收到了儿子要入伍的通知，但是就在载着士兵的火车刚行驶了一千码的时候，却接到战争结束的通知，事情就这样出乎意料地结束了。 1．What the grandfather was most worried about was ． A．the spread of the war B．his relatives killing each other C．a drop in his living standards D．the safety of his two cousins 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“if his only son, my uncle, had to go to war, it would be the cousin fighting against the cousin”可推知，作者的舅舅一旦参军就可能导致亲人间的作战，因此姥爷很担忧。故选B。 2．The underlined phrase “draft notice” in Paragraph 2 means “ ”． A．note of warning B．train ticket to Europe C．letter of rejection D．order for army service 解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据下文中的“her soldier brother going off to war”可知，draft notice的含义应该是征兵令，故选D。 3．Which of the following words can best describe the ending of the story? A．Unexpected. B．Inspiring. C．Uncertain. D．Disappointing. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知，开始人们依依不舍地送自己的亲友去参军，但火车刚开出去不远就接到战争已结束的消息，所以这令人感到意外。故选A。 4．What can we know from the passage? A．The grandfather felt downhearted because he was afraid of receiving a draft notice. B．The train was traveling fast to the front when the news came that the war was over. C．Most people including the author's mother were disappointed that the war didn't last a bit longer. D．Few soldiers on the train had training in advance. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The moment came when my uncle and most of the other soldiers, without any training”可知，舅舅和大多数士兵都没有接受过训练。故选D。 B The Battle of Britain was devastating in the United Kingdom, but in an indirect way it saved countless lives by resulting in improvements to the production of penicillin (盘尼西林). After France fell to the Nazis in June 1940, Hitler set his eyes on invading the UK.From July 10 through October 31, the British Royal Air Force and the German Luftwaffe faced off in the world's first major battle to take place almost entirely in the air.The German Air Force dropped bombs over England, attempting to destroy the country's defenses.The Brits, meanwhile, defended their homeland by shooting down as many Nazi planes as they could.Thousands of civilians died. The Brits were ultimately able to hold off the Germans, helping to turn the tides of international attitudes regarding the war. But the Battle of Britain did more than influence political opinion.It was also a key turning point in the development of penicillin.Alexander Fleming had discovered the mold's (霉菌的) ability to kill bacteria (细菌) in 1928, but it wouldn't really become apparent how significant his discovery would be until the outbreak of World War Ⅱ. With cruel fights like the Battle of Britain causing thousands of casualties, European scientists knew they needed to step up penicillin production.The original process of extracting (提取) the active ingredient from the mold was difficult.The drug was so hard to come by, in fact, that at one point, doctors collected the urine (尿液) of patients treated with penicillin so that they could re­extract the valuable material to give to another patient. European scientists' search for a more efficient production method eventually took them to the United States.Among a number of producers, they were helped by a chemist named Charles Pfizer, who helped vastly increase the speed at which penicillin could be produced.Thanks to the wartime effort, penicillin is no longer a rare miracle cure, but a common and crucial part of modern medicine. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章讲述了不列颠之战的背景和意义。 5．What does the underlined word “devastating” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Lasting a long time. B．Causing a lot of damage. C．Disappointing plenty of people. D．Attracting a great deal of attention. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。由第一段中的“but in an indirect way it saved...of penicillin”可知，本段总结了不列颠之战的两面性，再由第二段中的“Thousands of civilians died”可推知，不列颠之战是极具破坏性的。 6．What might the changed political opinion be? A．England failed to fortify its defenses. B．Germany could be challenged and resisted. C．The Nazis fought at the expense of civilians. D．Air power was able to decide the outcome of a war. 解析：选B。推理判断题。由第三段中的内容可知，虽然战事艰难，但不列颠最终阻止了纳粹的攻击，这扭转了人们对这场战争的看法，由此可推知，在此战争之后，人们开始相信，曾经所向披靡的德国人也是可以被击败的。 7．Why did the doctors collect the urine of patients? A．To test medication levels. B．To detect the presence of certain diseases. C．To get penicillin for other needy patients. D．To research penicillin's ability to kill bacteria. 解析：选C。细节理解题。由第五段中的“doctors collected the...give to another patient”可知，医生收集用盘尼西林治疗过的病人的尿液，是为了二次提取其体内的盘尼西林，用于治疗其他病人。 8．What led European scientists to seek assistance from Charles Pfizer? A．Their lack of advanced chemical equipment. B．The possibility of developing alternatives to penicillin. C．The need for effective mass production of penicillin. D．Their desire for producing high­quality medications. 解析：选C。细节理解题。由最后一段中的“European scientists' search for...took them to the United States”可知，欧洲科学家们为了寻找有效量产盘尼西林的方法才来到了美国，最终得到了Charles Pfizer的帮助。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题2分，共10分) How to Cope When Life Does Things We Can't Control Stuff happens in life.1. We neither see the difficulties coming, nor have control to stop them.The result, of course, is more anxiety and stress than we know.Here are approaches that can help us move through what life throws us. Throw our inner victim a life jacket.When life becomes messy, it often feels easier to just throw up our hands and assume we can't do anything.2. Being a victim often allows us to pretend we are fine and choose to feel sorry for ourselves.While we can't change what has happened, none of us are powerless.Consider finding a stress support group or calling a hotline.We all have the power to choose our next step in life. 3． When we are under stress, the natural tendency is to “talk things through” with our friends and loved ones.4. Writing things down on paper can be an amazing way to make the facts clear and keep them straight.The process of moving thoughts to hands makes it harder for us to lie to ourselves.The more we get about the truth of our situation, the more ways we can source to deal with it.We might also benefit from writing down our ideas for managing our situation. Switch our perspectives (思考方法).5. It rarely is.Instead, it's a perspective. Imagine life is a statue, and that many people surround the statue, how many more angles are there to see things from besides the one you are standing at? Sometimes a new perspective can put us into a better mindset. A．Be honest on paper. B．It does work, but not always. C．This is a form of victim mode. D．And often, difficult stuff happens. E．Therefore, life may throw us a curve ball. F．Get support from our friends and loved ones. G．Many of us believe what we think is the whole truth. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了当生活不尽如人意时，我们应该怎样面对。 1．解析：选D。根据空前的“Stuff happens in life.”和空后的“We neither see the difficulties coming，nor have control to stop them.”可知，空处应该会讲到生活中会发生一些难以解决的事情，故D项符合语境。 2．解析：选C。空前讲到“当生活一团糟时，通常我们很轻易就会摊手，认定我们什么也做不了。”根据常识可知，这是一种受害者心理，且后一句讲到“受害者心理通常会让我们假装我们很好，选择顾影自怜”，故C项符合语境。 3．解析：选A。本段主要讲当我们处于压力之下时，我们总是自然地倾向于和别人聊天，但是可能把事情写下来才是直面现实解决问题的好方式，故A项适合作本段的主旨句。 4．解析：选B。空前一句讲到“当我们处于压力之下时，我们总是自然地倾向于和朋友、爱人说出自己的问题。”，而空后一句讲到“把事情写在纸上是一种理清事实、保持事实清楚的令人惊喜的方式”，前后句之间形成了转折，故B项符合语境。 5．解析：选G。本段主旨句讲到“转换思考方法”，空后两句讲到“事情往往并非如此，这只是一种思考方法”，因此空处应该讲到的是我们的一种想法，故G项符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$