Unit1 Section Ⅰ Starting out-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 速读明大意 Ⅰ.Skim the text and fill in the blanks. Ⅱ.What's the main idea of the text? The main idea of the text is how to look at your appearance． 精读知细节 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．Why does Jade check her phone a hundred times every day? A．She likes online photo editing. B．She finds the selfie apps amazing. C．She's not sure if her photos have been uploaded. D．She wants to know whether there are more comments. 2．What does Dr Hart say about Jade? A．She is attractive. B．She lacks confidence. C．She overlooks inner beauty. D．She is overly focused on herself. 3．What was Anthony like before being on the TV programme? A．He looked handsome. B．He was well­presented. C．He didn't care about his appearance. D．He changed his clothes every five days. 4．What can we learn about Emma? A．Her efforts to lose weight paid off. B．Having a skinny body can boost her confidence. C．Her attitude towards beauty was influenced by a model. D．Struggling to obtain the praise of others is the meaning of her life. 5．Where is the text probably from? A．A magazine. B．A guidebook. C．An autobiography. D．A biology textbook. 答案：1～5　DBCCA 读后悟考点 Ⅰ.扫词汇障碍 熟 词 生 义 put (Para.1) (常见义) vt.放置→(文章义) vt.表达 post (Para.1) (常见义) n．邮政；邮件；职位 vt.邮寄→(文章义) vt.发布 like (Para.1) (常见义) vt.喜欢→(文章义) n．点赞 review (Para.3) (常见义) vt./n.复习→(文章义) v．评论 present (Para.4) (常见义) n．礼物 adj.现在的，目前的；出席的，在场的→(文章义) vt.展示，呈现 drive (Para.5) (常见义) v．驾驶→(文章义) vt.推动，驱使 diet (Para.5) (常见义) n．饮食→(文章义) vi.节食 wear (Para.6) (常见义) vt.穿；戴；佩戴→(文章义) vt.呈现 Ⅱ.破译长难句 [教材1]　Through interviews，I was able to discover what “ me ” means to other people，and how they have learnt to appreciate the beauty in themselves. [分析]　句中and连接两个并列宾语从句，what “me” means to other people为第一个宾语从句，how they have learnt to appreciate the beauty in themselves为第二个宾语从句。 [翻译]　通过采访，我能够发现“我”对其他人意味着什 么，以及他们如何学会欣赏自己的美。 [教材2]　It plays a part in the image we present to the world, and making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your confidence. [分析]　第一个and连接两个并列句，第一个分句中的we present to the world是省略了关系代词which/that的定语从句，修饰先行词image; 第二个分句中的making an effort with your appearance为动名词短语作主语。 [翻译]　它在我们呈现给世界的形象中发挥一定的作用，在外表上费些心思可以给别人留下积极的第一印象，并且能增加你的自信。 [教材3]　What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too! [分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中What I really admire为what引导的主语从句；she has acknowledged...happier, too是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。而that引导的是宾语从句，作 acknowledged的宾语。 [翻译]　我真正钦佩的是，她认可良好的健康状况不仅使 我们更美丽，而且也使我们更快乐。 Ⅲ.学表达技巧 动 作 与 心 理 描 写 [教材1]　So, ever since I discovered selfie apps that could remove my freckles, enlarge my eyes and even slim my jawline, I have become addicted. [分析]　句中使用了动词短语 remove my freckles, enlarge my eyes 和slim my jawline，描写了作者用自拍软件编辑自拍照时的步骤，后面的I have become addicted则进一步诠释了作者对编辑自拍照上瘾的心理状态。 [仿写]　尝试用动作链句式完成句子 男孩们兴奋地冲向泳池边，脱下衣服跳入水中。 Boys rushed to the pool excitedly, took off their clothes and jumped into the water． 情绪描写 [教材2]　But I was surprised at how good I looked after the makeover! [分析]　句中的surprised写出了Anthony的惊喜情绪，结合how good I looked after the makeover，描写了Anthony看到自己打扮后的样子时既惊喜又兴奋的情绪状态。 [仿写]　尝试用情绪描写完成句子 但是再没有直升机来了，天又黑了。简感到很失望，只好再单独待一晚。 But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Feeling disappointed, Jane had to stay alone for another night. 修辞手法 [教材3]　It's true that inner beauty is very important，but external beauty shouldn't be completely overlooked. [分析]　该句使用了对比修辞，将内在美与外在美进行比较，生动形象地描述了两者的重要性。 [仿写]　尝试用对比修辞完成句子 尽管存在一些负面影响，但科学技术的发展大多对环境有积极影响。 Although there exist some negative effects, the development of the science and technology mostly has a positive effect on the environment. 过渡衔接 [教材4]　Although she's larger than most other models, she's really attractive and has the confidence to be herself—even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes. [分析]　先是运用衔接词although与后文形成转折关系，然后又使用了破折号和递进衔接词even，突出强调她即使在一个充满审美刻板印象的行业中也有自信做自己。衔接词的使用让句式衔接紧密，过渡自然顺畅，逻辑清晰合理。 [仿写]　选用左侧过渡词完成语段 尽管这个男孩对外面的世界知之甚少，但他知道偷窃是不对的——即使他饿了。 Although the boy knows little about the outside world, he knows it is wrong to steal—even when he is hungry. 高频词汇练全 boost v．促进，推动，增加，托起 n．增加，促进，激励 (1)boost one's confidence 增加某人的信心 boost one's spirit 振奋精神 boost up 托起 (2)a boost in ……的增加 a boost to 对……的促进 【练透】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①With more cyclists on the roads，there has been a boost in bike sales over the past few months. ②No doubt, international aid will be considered as a boost to global influence. ③If you boost him up，he can just reach the top of the shelf. ④因此，他们可以工作更长时间，消费更多，并在总体上促进经济增长。 →(2020·浙江卷)Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy．(n.boost) →Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general boost the economy． (v.boost) pretend v．假装，装作；自称 pretend 【练透】　单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子 ①The naughty boy pretended to be reading (read) when the headmaster came into the classroom. ②Don't pretend to know (know) what you don't know. ③Tom pretended that he hadn't heard about the news，but in fact he knew it very well last week. →Tom pretended not to have heard about the news，but in fact he knew it very well last week. ④当我在学习中遇到难题时，我会向同学或老师求助，而不是不懂装懂。 When I am faced with difficulties in learning, I won't pretend to have known it, but turn to my classmates or teachers. 【点拨】　和pretend用法类似(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有happen, appear, seem, claim等及be said to结构。 tend to do 倾向于做某事 (1)tend vi.往往；趋向 vt.& vi.照看 tend to/towards sth. 倾向于某事 tend (to) sb./sth. 照看某人/某物 (2)tendency n．倾向，趋势 have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If you are not careful, children tend to neglect (neglect) their homework. ②The prices of vegetables are reported to have a tendency (tend) to increase in some cities. ③His views tend to/towards the extreme. ④毋庸置疑，成功和机遇往往青睐那些有准备的人。(读后续写之主旨升华) Undoubtedly, opportunities and success tend to favour those who are ready. identical adj.完全相同的；非常相似的→identically adv.同样地，完全相同地 be identical to/with 与……相同 be identical in 在……方面完全相同 the identical＋n. 同一的…… 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We laughed when we realized that we had responded identically (identical) to one particular question. ②He is identical in character with his wife. ③This is the identical room we stayed in last year. ④卡上的号码应该和支票簿上的相同。 The number on the card should be identical with/to the one on the chequebook. bother v．(使)苦恼；麻烦；费心；打扰 n．麻烦；困难；令人烦恼的情况(或事物，人) (1)bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事 bother sb.with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人；为某事苦恼 It bothers sb.that... 使某人苦恼的是…… sb.can't/couldn't be bothered to do sth. 某人不想费心做某事 (2) put sb.to bother 给某人添乱 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①One should not be bothered about/with one's personal gains or losses. ②Don't bother to look/looking (look) for my umbrella, and it will turn up some day. ③I don't want to put him to any bother，so I try doing it by myself. ④使我心烦的是我像困兽一样困在南瓜中，而妈妈在拍着我的整件糗事。(2021·浙江卷读后续写) It bothered me that I was stuck in the pumpkin like a caged animal while my mom was filming my whole embarrassment. acknowledge v．承认(某事属实或某情况存在)；感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；答谢 acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as... 承认/认为某人/某物是…… acknowledge doing/having done... 承认做了…… acknowledge that 承认…… It is universally acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He is widely acknowledged to be (be) the best player in the world. ②The country has acknowledged taking/having taken (take) every means to fight against any possible attacks. ③English is acknowledged as the language of business, science, IT and the Internet around the world. ④大家公认这个越野赛跑是增强我们意志的机会。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文) It is acknowledged that the cross­country race is an opportunity to strengthen our will. 中频词汇练会 Ⅰ.一词多义——根据语境选出enlarge的含义 ①There are plans to enlarge the recreation area. A ②Please ask her to enlarge on the last point she mentioned. C ③We're going to have this picture enlarged. B Ⅱ.熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①Their room was on the third floor，its window overlooking the sports ground.vt.俯瞰；眺望 ②Skinny jeans are now coming with a new health warning.adj.紧身的 重点句式练透 句型公式：That's why...那就是……的原因 教材原文：That's why I could never understand my sister，who has 17 lipsticks and can't decide which one to use every morning. 这就是为什么我永远无法理解我姐姐的原因，她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。 (1) This/That is/was why... 这/那就是……的原因(why引导表 语从句，表示结果) (2) This/That/It is/was because... 这/那是因为……(because引导表语 从句，表示原因) (3) The reason why...is/was that... ……的原因是……(why引导定语从 句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因) 【练透】　单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子 ①The reason that/which he explained to us was that he hadn't read the book before. ②Mary's pet dog died.That's why she cried in her bedroom. ③He fell from a tall tree.That was why he hurt his leg. →He hurt his leg.That was because he fell from a tall tree. →The reason why he hurt his leg was that he fell from a tall tree. ④星期五下午我不能跟你一块去书店的原因是，那天下午我有个重要的会议要参加。 The reason why I can't go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon is that I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon. 【点拨】　(1)reason后的定语从句缺状语，用关系副词why或for which引导； (2)reason后的定语从句缺主语或宾语，用关系代词that/which引导。 (时间：45分钟　满分：100分)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1.5分，共12分) 1．We overlook (忽视) all sorts of warning signals about our own health. 2．Do what you can to boost (增加) her confidence and her courage. 3．Feeling awful, she walked back to her dormitory (宿舍)，carrying her schoolbag full of homework. 4．After the accident，the doctor gave her some pills (药片)to calm her down. 5．The two pictures are similar, although not identical (完全相同的). 6．I feel lucky to have such kind and helpful roommates (室友) to live with. 7．It's generally acknowledged (承认) that education shouldn't be measured only by examination results. 8．Do you sing karaoke and pretend (假装) you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan? Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1分，共10分) 1．He pretended to have finished (finish) his homework, but his facial expression gave him away. 2．On hearing the news, his face turned pale and he trembled from head to toe. 3．Just as Professor Roy often puts it，“Success depends on hard work and inspiration.” 4．Tom isn't interested in what we enjoy doing and can't be bothered (bother) to play with us. 5．The film festival is acknowledged as an event of international importance. 6．The specialist left a deep impression on the people present at the meeting. 7．Because of a lack of protection, these endangered animals are in danger of dying out. 8．Every one has a desire for success, but only hard work can make it true. 9．We should make great efforts (effort) to beautify our environment, because it has an immense impact on humans and wildlife. 10．How to enlarge (enlarge) our vocabulary in English hasn't been discussed yet. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——我最敬爱的老师)(每题3分，共18分) 1．我必须承认我的英语老师是我生命中最令人钦佩的人。 I have to acknowledge that my English teacher is the most admirable person in my life. (acknowledge) 2．刚上高中时，因为缺乏自信，我经常保持沉默。 I often kept silent for lack of confidence when I first entered senior high school.(lack) 3．当我遇到困难时，她努力帮助我增强信心。 When I was in trouble, she made efforts to help me boost my confidence．(boost) 4．随着时间的推移，在她的不断帮助下，我变得越来越自信。 As time went by, I became more and more confident with her constant help.(as) 5．很明显，她对我的学习产生了很大的影响。 It is obvious that she has made a great difference in my studies.(it作形式主语) 6．我的英语老师帮助我成长，那就是我非常钦佩她的原因。 It is my English teacher who helps me grow up, and that's why I admire her very much． (that's why...) Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1分，共10分) Dr Hart, a psychologist, interviewed three people 1.to discover (discover) what “me” means and how they have learnt to appreciate the beauty in themselves. Wanting to look good and obtain the praise of others, 24­year­old Jade has become 2.addicted (addict) to selfie apps that can remove her freckles, enlarge her eyes and even slim her jawline.She spends 3.hours (hour) every day editing and posting her selfies, expecting“likes” to boost her 4.confidence (confident).In Dr Hart's opinion, people 5.who/that pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves. Never really 6.caring (care) about his appearance, Anthony only used to have five identical pairs of trousers and five identical shirts.His roommates at college registered him for a TV programme, A New You.Surprised at 7.how good he looked after a makeover, he realised the importance of external beauty. Emma 8.has been bothered (bother) by her “big” body shape since she was little.She made every effort imaginable to lose weight, including dieting and weight­loss pills, but this brought her nothing but pain 9.and poor health.Her idea of beauty shifted when she came across the inspiring success story of Tess Holliday, a plus­size model.And she has acknowledged that keeping fit not only makes us much 10.more beautiful (beautiful), but happier, too. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题5分，共40分) A A lot of people are scared of spiders (蜘蛛) and consider their webs to be dirt.But, growing up in Argentina and Italy, I remember seeing webs in the corners of my house and thinking they were gorgeous．Today I create works of art using these beautiful structures. In my studio, I have a collection of spider webs and hundreds of different spiders.I spend a lot of time experimenting with them.I put a spider in a box and observe how it goes about constructing its web.I sometimes turn the box on its side to see how the spider reacts.Sometimes I put another spider in the box to see how it works with the structure the last one left in place.It may ignore that web and start again from scratch (从头开始) or begin adding to it. I worked on digitizing webs.Though I see myself as an artist, I actually trained as an architect and the idea is to compare the properties of spiders' webs with architectural structures to see if there are any similarities. Of the thousands of species around the world, the one that interests me the most is the Stegodyphus dumicola.In groups, they make thousands of single threads (线), which are then entangled (缠) into a giant web that can lift the spiders straight up and transport them away.It is known as “ballooning”．During the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris, for example, I exhibited the vast “aerocene” globes based on it.They aren't sculptures but rather air­filled bubbles (气泡) that might one day float around the world, powered only by wind and the heat of the sun.I use them to challenge popular ideas about energy use and transportation. My ambition is to take my work with spiders to the International Space Station, to conduct live experiments to see how they might behave and how they would build webs in a new environment without gravity.I am speaking to NASA about it.I hope to turn them into spidernauts. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者研究蜘蛛的故事。 1．What does the underlined word “gorgeous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Beautiful. B．Complex. C．Annoying. D．Strange. 解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“A lot of people are scared of spiders...Today I create works of art using these beautiful structures”可知，虽然许多人害怕蜘蛛，觉得它们的网很脏，但是作者却认为这些网很美。 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How the author developed an interest in spiders' webs. B．How the author observed spiders constructing webs. C．How the author produced digitized webs. D．How the author collected different spiders. 解析：选B。段落大意题。根据第二段中的“I spend a lot of time experimenting with them...begin adding to it”可知，第二段主要讲述了作者是如何观察蜘蛛织网的。 3．What can we learn about vast “aerocene” globes? A．They can float around the world freely now. B．They support popular ideas about energy use. C．They take inspiration from a type of spider's web. D．They are already powered only by wind and the heat of the sun. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“In groups, they make thousands of single threads...I exhibited the vast ‘aerocene’ globes based on it”可知，“aerocene” globes的灵感来源于一种蜘蛛的网。 4．What is the author's great goal? A．Becoming an astronaut. B．Experimenting with spiders in space. C．Coming up with smart strategies against climate change. D．Finding the similarities between spiders' webs and architectural structures. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“My ambition is to take my work with spiders...see how they might behave...in a new environment without gravity”可知，作者的目标是在太空中对蜘蛛做实验。 B (2024·深圳市高级中学高二下期中)People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀地) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions，” Jack said.“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.” According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed.As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross­cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions，” Jack said.“Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。新研究表明，东亚人与西方人在解读面部表情时存在差异：东亚人更关注眼睛，而西方人则同时关注眼睛和嘴巴。这种文化差异导致面部表情不能作为跨文化情境下传达情感的可靠信号。 5．What were the people asked to do in the study? A．To make a face at each other. B．To get their faces impressive. C．To classify some face pictures. D．To observe the researchers' faces. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第五段“while they observed pictures...neutral.”可知，研究中人们被要求做的是识别和分类面部表情。故选C项。 6．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．The participants in the study. B．The researchers of the study. C．The errors made during the study. D．The data collected from the study. 解析：选A。代词指代题。根据第六段第一句“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions.”可知，这里的they指的是上文提到的参与者在解读面部表情上展示的文化差异，因此指的是参与研究的人。故选A项。 7．In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ． A．do translation more successfully B．study the mouth more frequently C．examine the eyes more attentively D．read facial expressions more correctly 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.”可知，这句话直接比较了东方人和西方人在面部表情识别上的表现，指出东方人更专注于眼睛。故选C项。 8．What can be the best title of the passage? A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D．How to Increase Cross­cultural Understanding 解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据最后一段第一句“In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion.”可知，文章最后一段的开头总结了研究的主要发现，即面部表情并不是放之四海而皆准的情感表达方式，这强调了文化差异在解读情感时的重要性，因此“Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions”是最适合的标题。故选B项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题2分，共10分) (2024·华中师大附中高二下期中)Rene Campbell has devoted most of her life to shaping her figure into one completely against what society thinks a woman should look like. “I was always very insecure about my body image，as everyone seemed to know for sure that women needed to look a certain way，”she says when reflecting on her motivation to transform herself.1. For quite some time，she struggled with eating disorders because she was trying to keep her weight really low and appear skinny，like the women on magazine covers.2. It was then that she became attracted by the way these seemingly confident women held themselves. However，building her dream body—gaining over 85 pounds，going from a size 8 to 14—has had its challenges，too.“3. When I tell them that I am a female bodybuilder，the first reaction is，‘Muscles of women are just not attractive，’”Campbell says.Though she loves the way she now looks，she is sometimes treated with cruelty. 4． Even though there is a huge market encouraging women to build muscles and tighten their figures，the ideal still stands for smaller waists，and thin legs，the so­called perfect figure.For women to build up strong muscles，it takes a strong heart. “I gradually learn to ignore other's voices and become committed to the training.It is a very big shift for me，and it has won me plenty of awards.5. My bodybuilding journey makes me realize that I need to do things for myself，”Campbell says. A．She was constantly feeling under pressure. B．Women have to pay a huge price to build a slim figure. C．It does bring a sense of confidence and mental strength. D．The body of super­muscular women is considered unwelcome. E．Luckily，Campbell was chosen to shoot for one of the magazines. F．People don't understand why women would want to be muscular. G．Purely by chance，Campbell attended a women's bodybuilding show. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。Rene Campbell女士将她生活的大部分时间都用于改变自己的身材。起初她也喜欢所谓的完美身材——细腰瘦腿，但后来才意识到，对女性而言，不必在意他人的言语，女性也可以拥有强健的肌肉。 1．解析：选A。根据空前内容可知，Rene Campbell在为自己的身材焦虑；根据空后内容可知，她在努力让自己变瘦。由此可知，空处应说明在社会意义上对女性身材的要求给Rene Campbell造成的负面影响。故A项承上启下，符合语境。 2．解析：选G。根据空后一句可知，就在那时，Rene Campbell被这些看起来很自信的女性保持自我的方式吸引。故该空会涉及在什么时候发生的这件事。G项“纯偶然的一次机会，Rene Campbell参加了一个女性健身节目”符合语境。 3．解析：选F。根据空后一句可知，Rene Campbell告诉他们自己是女性健美者时，他们的第一反应是女性的肌肉没有那么吸引人。F项“人们不理解为什么女性想要变得强壮”承接下文，符合语境。 4．解析：选D。根据空后内容可知，尽管有一个巨大的市场鼓励女性增肌塑形，但理想的身材意味着细腰瘦腿，即所谓的完美身材。女性要想锻炼出强健的肌肉，需要一颗坚强的心。由此说明，大众并不喜欢女性的肌肉身材。D项符合语境。 5．解析：选C。根据上文内容可知，Rene Campbell渐渐开始忽略别人的声音，致力于形体训练，这给她带来了很大的改变，也为她赢得了很多奖项；根据下文内容可知，健身之路让她意识到该为自己做些什么了。由此可推知，空处应说明健身为Rene Campbell带来的积极影响。故C项符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$