Unit1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 速读明大意 Ⅰ.Skim the text and fill in the blanks. A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Periods Themes Artistic Characteristics The Middle Ages (5th to 15th century) 1.religion to paint in a(n) 2.unrealistic way The Renaissance (14th to 17th century) to show 3.people and the world around us to adopt a more 4.humanistic attitude to life; to draw things in 5.perspective and oil paints developed Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) to show scenes of 6．natureor daily life to show not just the 7.outer image of subjects，but their inner 8.warmth and humanity Modern Art (20th century to today) not to show 9.reality to paint in a(n)10.abstract or realistic way Ⅱ.What's the main idea of the text? A．What is Western art? B．The different styles of Western art. C．The development of Western painting. D．The precise definition of Western art. 答案：C 精读知细节 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．What do we know about the Renaissance? A．Leonardo da Vinci invented oil paints during this period. B．Some of the greatest oil paintings were created during this period. C．Artists no longer believed in religion during this period. D．Masaccio was the most influential artist during this period. 2．When did the oil painting come into being? A．During the Middle Ages. B．In the late 19th century. C．During the Renaissance. D．In the 20th century. 3．What caused the emergence of Impressionism? A．The invention of photography. B．The slow development of Western art. C．People's love for nature. D．People's love for themselves. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．The painters were interested in painting something indoors all the time. B．The painting named Impression, Sunrise was a masterpiece of Impressionism. C．The paintings of all the Impressionists were cold. D．All artists were well aware what they would do next after Impressionism. 5．From which is the passage probably taken? A．A storybook. B．A science magazine. C．A business report. D．An art magazine. 答案：1～5　BCABD 读后悟考点 Ⅰ.扫词汇障碍 熟词 生义 [教材1]　Their works were often primitive and two­dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. character：(常见义)n.性格；特点；特色；字符，文字→(文章义)n.人物，角色 [教材2]　New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. value：(常见义)n.价值→(文章义)n.价值观 [教材3]　While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606－1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. ①height：(常见义)n.高度；身高；高→(文章义)n.最佳点；顶点 ②master：(常见义)n.主人 v．精通；掌握→(文章义)n.大师 构词法 [教材4]　What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise definition. definition：defin(e)(给……下定义)＋­tion(名词后缀，表示行为的过程、结果、情况、性质、状态、动作等)→n.定义 [教材5]　Unlike the cold, black­and­white photographs of that time period, Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. black­and­white：black(黑色的)＋and＋white(白色的)→adj.黑白的 Ⅱ.破译长难句 [教材1]　Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452－1519), Michelangelo (1475－1564), and Raphael (1483－1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. [分析]　该句为复合句。句中to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen为不定式短语作结果状语；关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词art。 [翻译]　一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452－1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475－1564)和拉斐尔(1483－1520)，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出一些欧洲前所未见的最伟大的艺术作品。 [教材2]　While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt(1606—1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. [分析]　该句为复合句。句中While引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light是关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句，对先行词Rembrandt进行补充说明。 [翻译]　尽管早在达·芬奇时代一些画家就已经使用了油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(1606－1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。 [教材3]　In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene — the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. [分析]　该句为复合句。句中to convey the light and movement in the scene为不定式结构作表语；破折号中间部分中的the scene gave him为定语从句，修饰the subjective impression，省略了作宾语的关系代词that/which。 [翻译]　在这幅作品中，莫奈想传达场景中的光线和变化，即场景给他的主观印象，而非对场景本身的详细记录。 Ⅲ.学表达技巧 词语表达 [分析]　文中多次出现表示“变化”的词语，如development、change、 replace、 breakthrough、 innovation、 reach its height、 shift from...to...、 slow、 emerge、 come from、 turn to等。这些词语的使用写出了西方绘画几个世纪以来的发展历程。写作中使用不同词语表达同一含义会给作文增光添彩，同时也彰显出考生扎实的语言功底。 [仿写]　用不同词汇表达同一含义 (1)adj.困难的 一般词：difficult 闪光词：challenging 有挑战性的 (2)adj.重要的 一般词：important 闪光词：vital至关重要的；essential 必不可少的；significant有重要意义的 过渡衔接 [教材]　①Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes... ②As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes... ③Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. [分析]　上述三句中用了表因果关系的过渡性词语 thus、as a result和hence使得上下文句式衔接紧密，过渡自然顺畅。表因果关系的词语还有because、as、since、for this reason、on account of、thanks to、due to、owing to、so、therefore、as a consequence (of)等。 [仿写]　因此，将安排一场音乐节。 Thus/Therefore/As a consequence, a music festival will be scheduled. 写作手法 [分析]　本文主要介绍了西方绘画的发展历程。作者按时间先后顺序展开介绍：中世纪——文艺复兴时期——印象主义——现代艺术，然后将各时期的作品特点简要分析，成为一个完整的整体。在写作时，无论是写事、记录活动或写日记等，考生都可以按照时间顺序展开，使得作文有条不紊。 高频词汇练全 in particular 尤其；特别 (1)particular adj.特殊的；特别的；挑剔的 be particular about/over sth 对……讲究/挑剔 (2) particularly adv.特别地；尤其 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You'd better behave properly, particularly (particular) minding your table manners. ②Don't be too particular about/over what you eat and wear；pay more attention to your study and work. ③我一路走着，没想什么特别的事，只是四下张望着。(读后续写之神态描写) I went along thinking of nothing in particular only looking at things around me. set apart from 使与众不同；使突出；使优于…… set apart for 留出，拨出(专用) set about 着手，开始做 set off 出发，启程；使(炸弹等)爆炸 set out 出发，开始做 set aside 留出(钱或时间)用于……，暂时不考虑 set up 建立，树立 【练透】　用set的相关短语填空/一句多译 ①For all three years I have been working for others.I'm hoping I'll set up my own business someday. ②Set aside some time each day to practice speaking English，even if it is only five minutes. ③Man's ability to reason sets him apart from other animals. ④他在杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮助他收拾残局。 →He applied some medicine to Jeff's hand, and then set out to help him clean up the mess.(set out) →He applied some medicine to Jeff's hand, and then set about helping him clean up the mess.(set about) 【点拨】　set about表示“开始做某事”时，后跟动词­ing形式作宾语；set out表示“着手/开始做某事”时，后跟不定式作宾语。 influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的 influence n．& vt.影响 have an influence on/upon 对……有影响 under the influence of 在……的影响下 under one's influence 在某人的影响下 influence sb to do sth 影响某人做某事 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①My physics teacher is my role model, who has influenced me to take (take) up the position as a teacher. ②To tell the truth，what the teacher said has a profound influence on/upon me. ③在我的化学老师的影响下，我对化学越来越感兴趣。换句话说，他对我的影响极大。因此，他是我最尊敬的人。(应用文写作之人物介绍) Under my chemistry teacher's influence/Under the influence of my chemistry teacher，I have grown increasingly interested in chemistry.In other words，he has a great influence on/upon me．So he is the person I respect most. reputation n．名誉；名声 have a good/bad reputation 有好/坏名声 have a reputation for... 以……著称 acquire/earn/win/build/enjoy a reputation 获得/赢得/树立/享有盛誉 ruin one's reputation 败坏某人的名誉 live up to one's reputation 名副其实 a man of high reputation 名誉好的人 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There is no doubt that Beijing lives up to its reputation as a famous ancient capital of China. ②位于长江中游的三峡大坝以其令人惊叹的风景而闻名。(话题写作之旅游景点介绍) Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges Dam has a good reputation for its amazing scenery. ③我父亲总是信守诺言，所以他的名声很好。(应用文写作之人物介绍) My father always keeps his promise, so he enjoys a good reputation． emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露；露出真相；被知晓 (1)emerge from sth (从隐蔽处或暗处)出现，浮现，露出 It emerges that... (事实等)已浮出水面；真相大白 (2)emergence n．出现；兴起 the emergence of ……的出现 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The moon emerged from behind the clouds, and everything seemed to be shining like silver.(读后续写之环境描写) ②He was excited at the emergence (emerge) of new evidence. ③真相大白了，汽车司机喝醉了才导致了这起事故。 It emerged that the driver of the car had been drunk and caused the accident. convey vt.表达；传递(思想、情感等)；传送 convey sth to sb 向某人传达/表达…… convey one's feelings/thanks/wishes to sb 向某人表达感情/谢意/祝愿 convey sb/sth from...to... 把某人/某物从……运送到…… 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They took a more reasonable approach, conveying (convey) to their children how success at school could improve their lives. ②我是李华。我写信是为了向你表达我诚挚的谢意。(应用文写作之感谢信) My name is Li Hua. I'm writing to convey my sincere appreciation to you． ③当我所有的邻居都来帮助我时，我发现很难用语言来表达我的感谢。(读后续写之感激情绪描写) I found it hard to convey my thanks in words when all my neighbours came to help me. 中频词汇练会 rank n．地位；级别；行列；军衔；官职 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行 (1)rank...as... 把……评为…… rank among 跻身于……；属于……之列 (2)the first rank 一流 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Shandong Province produced 50 million pounds of apples this year, ranking (rank) second in China. ②He is ranked as one of the greatest pianists of our day. focus on 关注；聚焦于；专注于 focus one's attention/mind on 集中某人的注意力/心思于 fix/concentrate one's attention on 把某人的注意力集中于 concentrate on 集中(注意力、精力)于 【练透】　一句多译 现在越来越多的父母不只关注孩子的身体健康，而且关注孩子的心理健康。 →Now, more and more parents focus on the mental health of their children as well as their physical health.(focus) →Now, more and more parents concentrate on the mental health of their children as well as their physical health.(concentrate) →Now, more and more parents focus/concentrate/fix their attention on the mental health of their children as well as their physical health.(attention) be fond of 喜爱；喜欢 grow fond of 喜欢上(表示动作) be into doing sth 喜欢……，对……有兴趣 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做…… be crazy about 着迷于……，迷恋上…… go in for 爱好，参加 【练透】　同义句转换 I enjoy reading history novels while my cousin is crazy about cartoons such as Snow White and Mickey Mouse. →I am fond of reading history novels while my cousin is crazy about cartoons such as Snow White and Mickey Mouse.(fond) →I am into reading history novels while my cousin is crazy about cartoons such as Snow White and Mickey Mouse.(into) →I go in for reading history novels while my cousin is crazy about cartoons such as Snow White and Mickey Mouse.(go) 重点句式练透 句型公式：as引导状语从句 教材原句：As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. 由于西方艺术有很多不同的风格，所以一篇简短的文章不可能将所有都囊括其中。 as引导的状语从句有以下几种： (1)as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”。此时as相当于since，常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。 (2)as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时，随着”，一般情况下，as所表示的动作与主句动作同时发生。 (3)as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句要用倒装，常把作表语的形容词、副词、动词、过去分词或名词提前。动词提至句首的句型为：动词＋as＋主语＋情态动词/do/does/did＋主句。作表语的单数可数名词位于句首时，其前不用冠词。 (4)as引导方式状语从句，意为“照……方式”。 (5)as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样，如同”，常用于“as...as...”或“not so/as...as...”结构中，中间要用形容词或副词的原级。 【练透】　完成句子/句式升级 ①我看着大卫和其他选手一起冲向起跑线。(读后续写之动作描写) I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. ②此外，海洋是“地球之肺”，因为它们提供了我们呼吸所需的大部分氧气。(应用文写作之倡议书) Additionally, oceans are “the lungs of our planet” as they provide most of the oxygen we breathe． ③Though it was raining hard, the workers didn't stop working. →Hard as it was raining, the workers didn't stop working.(倒装) 句型公式：while引导让步状语从句 教材原句：While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。 (1)本句中while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，可用although/though替换。需要注意的是，while引导的让步状语从句通常位于主句之前，而although/though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或之后。 (2)while的其他用法： ①作从属连词还可引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……时”。 ②作并列连词，表示“然而，而”。 ③作名词，表示“一会儿，一段时间”。 【练透】　语境辨义/完成句子 ①While we are visiting this exhibition，we will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn a lot.当……的时候；和……同时 ②While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you.尽管；虽然 ③Seeing their downcast eyes, he told them to clean up the kitchen while he helped them make breakfast for their mother.而 ④尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱不是个好主意。(应用文写作之建议信) While travelling can broaden your mind, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it. 【点拨】　(1)while表示“虽然”时，不和连词but连用。 (2)while引导从句时，如果主从句的主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句谓语又含有be动词，则从句主语和be动词可省略。while后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。 (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1分，共10分) 1．She was very young, but she could describe the accident precisely (准确地)． 2．There have been further developments subsequent (随后的) to our meeting. 3．It's said that the project will push the envelope on size, accuracy, and other dimensions (范围)． 4．The little boy is very interested in everything about the outer (外围的) space. 5．Inventing such a tool was really a great breakthrough (突破) in science in the past. 6．The captain told us to get everything ready and set off at sunrise (日出)． 7．The young man often helped others and soon acquired a reputation (声望) in this town. 8．My mother was satisfied with the goods purchased (购买) on the Internet. 9．One of my clients (客户) made a complaint, which made me upset. 10．The methods of communication used during the war were primitive (原始的)． Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．My mother often reminds me to set a realistic (realize) goal and then work hard. 2．Religious values can often differ greatly from humanistic (humanity) morals. 3．She is one of the most influential (influence) figures in local politics. 4．The emergence (emerge) of the new idea encouraged us. 5．The talks will focus on economic development of the region. 6．The headmaster is praising the boy ranking (rank) high in his class now. 7．The government conveyed daily supplies to the people struck by the hurricane. 8．I'm not particular about/over food.I like to eat all kinds of food. 9．As far as I'm concerned, it is a highly subjective (subject) point of view. 10．I have been interested in photography (photograph) and painting since childhood. Ⅲ.完成句子(每题3分，共15分) 1．不仅是他的朋友们而且汤姆也想去看电影。(not just...but...) Not just his friends but Tom wants to go to the cinema. 2．大家都喜欢你，因为你既体贴又诚实。(as引导原因状语从句) Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest． 3．我们有必要花时间和精力来照顾老人。(it作形式主语) It is necessary for us to spend time and energy looking after the old. 4．尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。(while引导状语从句) While we can't predict what will happen in the future，we can guide ourselves with determination and love. 5．我听说这个人很小气，而且很难相处。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do) I heard that the man is very mean and difficult to get along/on with． Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1分，共10分) Here, let's look at the development of Western painting. During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was 1.to teach (teach) people about Christianity.Their works were often primitive and two­dimensional.This 2.gradually (gradual) changed in the 13th century with a painter, whose paintings were set apart from others by their realistic human faces and deep 3.emotional (emotion) impact.During the Renaissance, new ideas and values slowly replaced those 4.held (hold) in the Middle Ages.Painters began to concentrate less on religion and adopt a more humanistic attitude 5.to/towards life.Some influential painters produced some of the greatest works 6.that Europe had ever seen.With time 7.going (go)by, great changes took place in society and these changes 8.led (lead) to new painting styles.There followed Impressionism, and some famous artists also emerged.After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, “What do we do next？” Some gave 9.their (they)paintings a realistic but dream­like quality while some turned to abstract art.Maybe no one can predict 10.what painting styles will be like in the future. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分，共20分) A When it comes to the most influential painters of the United States in the 20th century, Grandma Moses should be mentioned, although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. As she once said to herself，“I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me.”No one could have had a more active old age. She was born on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls.At 12 she left home and was in the domestic service sector until at 27 she married Thomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers.They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then at Eagle Bridge in New York State.She had ten children, five of whom survived; her husband died in 1927. Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and she was really fond of embroidery (刺绣), but only turned to oils in old age because her hands became too stiff (僵硬的) to sew and she still wanted to keep busy and pass the time.Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by a businessman who purchased all that she painted.Three of the pictures were exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York.Between the 1930s and her death, she produced some 2，000 pictures: careful and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long, with an amazing sense of color and form.“I think really hard till I think of something really pretty, and then I paint it，”she said. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章介绍了画家摩西奶奶和她的有关作品。 1．What can we learn about Grandma Moses? A．She painted oils as a child. B．Her marriage life was not happy. C．She still led an active life when she was old. D．She stopped painting in her late seventies. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“No one could have had a more active old age.”可知，没有人的晚年生活能比摩西奶奶过得更有活力，由此可知，她年老的时候仍然过着积极的生活。故选C。] 2．Which of the following words can best describe Grandma Moses? A．Easy­going and active. B．Hard­working and creative. C．Outgoing and confident. D．Reserved and independent. B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then at Eagle Bridge in New York State.”可知，他们一生的大部分时间都在务农，可推断出摩西奶奶是勤奋的；又根据第三段中的“Between the 1930s and her death, she produced some 2，000 pictures...with an amazing sense of color and form.”可知，从20世纪30年代到她去世，她创作了大约2 000幅画，这些画是对她早就熟知的乡村生活的细致而生动的描绘，由此可以推断出摩西奶奶是很有创造力的。故选B。] 3．What does the underlined word “portrayals” in the last paragraph mean? A．Descriptions. B．Stages. C．Surveys. D．Directions. A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子可知，从20世纪30年代到她去世，她创作了大约2 000幅画，这些画是对她早就熟知的乡村生活的细致而生动的描绘。由此可知，画线词是“描写，描绘”的意思，故选A。] 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．She had loved art since she was a little girl. B．Why she began her career as a painter. C．How she became a successful painter. D．She was the most famous painter in the United States. C　[主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知，最后一段主要讲述摩西奶奶为何在老年时期转攻油画，以及她的作品是如何受到关注并被艺术界认可的过程，故选C。] B Street art is a very popular form of art that is spreading quickly all over the world.You can find it on buildings，sidewalks，street signs and trash cans from Tokyo to Paris，from Moscow to Cape Town. Street art has become a global culture and even art museums and galleries are collecting the works of street artists. Street art started out very secretly because it was illegal to paint on public and private property without permission.People often have different opinions about street art.Some think it is a crime and others think it is a very beautiful new form of culture. Art experts claim that the street art movement began in New York in the 1960s.Young adults painted words and other images on walls and trains.This colourful style of writing became known as graffiti.Graffiti art showed young people's rebellion.They travelled around cities to create paintings that everyone could see.In many cases，they had trouble with the police and the local government. Street artists do their work for different reasons.Some of them do not like artists who make so much money in galleries and museums.They choose street art because it is closer to the people.Some artists try to express their political opinion in their work.They often want to protest against big firms.Others like to do things that are forbidden and hope they don't get caught. Advertising companies also use street art in their ads because it gives people the impression of youth and energy. Today，the Internet has a big influence on street art.Artists can show their pictures to the audience all over the world.Many city residents，however，say that seeing a picture on the Internet is never as good as seeing it alive.The street art movement lives with the energy and life of a big city.There，it will continue to change and grow. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了街头艺术的发展历程和艺术家们创造街头艺术的原因以及街头艺术的发展现状。 5．What's the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Street art has a long history. B．Street art is a new form of culture. C．Street art can be found in art museums. D．Street art is popular around the world. D　[段落大意题。第一段第一句为该段主题句，其后介绍了街头艺术无处不在，从东京到巴黎，从莫斯科到开普敦，在大楼、人行道、路标等地方都能发现街头艺术。这表明街头艺术在全世界都很受欢迎。] 6．Where did the street art movement take place? A．In Tokyo. B．In Paris. C．In New York. D．In Moscow. C　[细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Art experts claim that the street art movement began in New York...”可知，街头艺术运动始于纽约。] 7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Graffiti artists often had trouble with the police and the local government in the 1960s. B．Most art experts think painting on walls and trains is a crime. C．Street art started out secretly because few people liked it. D．It is illegal for street artists to travel around big cities. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“In many cases，they had trouble with the police and the local government.”可知，在20世纪60年代，涂鸦艺术家经常与警察和当地政府发生冲突。] 8．Why do some advertising companies use street art in their ads? A．Because it impresses people with youth and energy. B．Because it is the fastest way to introduce a new product. C．Because it helps them save much money. D．Because it is cheap. A　[细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Advertising companies also use street art in their ads because it gives people the impression of youth and energy.”可知应选A项。] Ⅱ.完形填空(每题2分，共30分) Our words carry great weight—more than we sometimes think.They often 1 people for decades, providing either the 2 to carry on or one more reason to give up. When I was in my ninth­grade year, I transferred to a new junior school in Texas.I remember walking into the school cafeteria for the first time.I was all by myself.The other kids had built valuable 3 ，while I didn't know a person.After 4 my way through the serving line, I slid into the nearest open seat.The kids at the table gave me a look, wrinkled their noses, and then laughed quietly.I could feel my face getting red with embarrassment.I looked 5 at my food.Finally, one of the kids 6 the ice.“Man! You have one big nose！” I was 7 ．I didn't know what to say.I wanted to cry, but I managed a little laugh—like it didn't really 8 me.But it did. Every day from that point forward, I would look at myself in the mirror.All I could see was that big fat 9 that overshadowed every other feature.I studied it from every angle, but kept coming back to the same 10 ：I was only a life support system for a nose.It was my 11 feature. 12 ，I eventually grew 13 that thought.But it really took me twenty years.Even now, I feel a little uncomfortable thinking about it.It just goes to show you how 14 words can be.Therefore, think twice before you 15 since a careless word can shape—or misshape — someone's reality for years to come. [语篇解读]本文是夹叙夹议文。作者认为话语非常有力量，可以激励人前进，也可以让人放弃，他因为初中的时候被其他学生嘲笑大胖鼻子而尴尬难过了很久，二十年后才摆脱了自卑的想法，因此作者建议我们说话前应三思。 1． A．impress B．impact C．hurt D．inspire B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们往往会影响人们几十年，要么给他们继续前进的勇气，要么给他们更多放弃的理由。impress使留下深刻印象；impact影响；hurt伤害；inspire激励。根据下文“providing either the 2 to carry on or one more reason to give up”可知，话语对人的作用是双重的，既有好的一面，也有坏的一面，所以impact“影响”符合语境。故选B。] 2． A．courage B．interest C．praise D．depression A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们往往会影响人们几十年，要么给他们继续前进的勇气，要么给他们更多放弃的理由。courage勇气；interest兴趣；praise表扬；depression沮丧。根据空后“to carry on”可知，应该是勇气让人继续前进。故选A。] 3． A．habits B．profits C．groups D．friendships D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他孩子建立了宝贵的友谊，而我一个人都不认识。habits习惯；profits利润；group小组；friendships友谊。根据上文“I transferred to a new junior school in Texas”和空前“built valuable”可知，作者转学到新学校，还没有朋友，而其他人已经建立了宝贵的友谊。故选D。] 4． A．riding B．giving C．feeling D．making D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：在成功排队取餐后，我坐进了最近的空位。riding骑车；giving给；feeling感觉；making进行。根据下文“I slid into the nearest open seat”可知，作者是成功排队取好餐了。make one's way through...是固定短语，意为“成功穿过”。故选D。] 5． A．up B．back C．down D．forward C　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：我低头看着我的食物。up向上；back向后；down向下；forward向前。根据上文提到的餐厅和空后“at my food”可知，作者是低头看自己桌子上的食物。故选C。] 6． A．ate B．dropped C．broke D．hit C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，一个孩子打破了沉默。ate吃；dropped丢；broke打破；hit打击。根据下文“Man! You have one big nose！”可知，一个孩子说了话，打破了沉默。break the ice是固定短语，意为“打破沉默”。故选C。] 7． A．frightened B．embarrassed C．innocent D．fragile B　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很尴尬。frightened害怕的；embarrassed尴尬的；innocent无辜的；fragile脆弱的。根据上文“I could feel my face getting red with embarrassment.”可知，当时孩子们先皱鼻子悄悄地笑，作者感到尴尬，现在有孩子直接说出了嘲讽作者的话，作者会更尴尬。故选B。] 8． A．upset B．intend C．terrify D．restrict A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想哭，但还是勉强笑了笑——好像这并没有让我难过似的。upset使难过；intend打算；terrify使害怕；restrict限制。根据上文“I wanted to cry, but I managed a little laugh”可知，作者在掩饰自己的难过，假装嘲讽的话没有令自己难过。故选A。] 9． A．head B．nose C．mouth D．face B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能看到的只有那大胖鼻子，盖过了其他所有五官。head头；nose鼻子；mouth嘴巴；face脸。根据上文“Man！You have one big nose！”以及下文“I was only a life support system for a nose.”可知，作者看来看去只能注意到自己的大胖鼻子。故选B。] 10．A．decision B．ease C．conclusion D．expectation C　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从各个角度研究它，但不断得出同样的结论：我只是鼻子的生命维持系统。decision决定；ease轻松；conclusion结论；expectation期望。根据空后“I was only a life support system for a nose”可知，这是作者反复研究后得出的一个结论。故选C。] 11．A．typical B．desperate C．heroic D．universal A　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我的典型特征。typical典型的；desperate绝望的；heroic英雄的；universal普遍的。根据上文“that overshadowed every other feature”可知，作者的大胖鼻子非常显眼，盖过了其他五官，所以是典型的特征。故选A。] 12．A．Suddenly B．Personally C．Actually D．Thankfully D　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，我最终摆脱了这种想法。Suddenly突然；Personally就个人而言；Actually实际上；Thankfully感谢地。根据下文“But it really took me twenty years.Even now, I feel a little uncomfortable thinking about it.”可知，作者花费了很久的时间摆脱了自卑的想法，所以是怀着感谢的心理。故选D。] 13．A．into B．out of C．up from D．up to B　[考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，我最终摆脱了这种想法。into进入；out of在……外；up from从；up to达到。根据下文“But it really took me twenty years.Even now, I feel a little uncomfortable thinking about it.”可知，作者花费了很久的时间摆脱了自卑的想法。grow out of...是固定短语，意为“因长大而丢弃”。故选B。] 14．A．vivid B．efficient C．powerful D．novel C　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它只是向你展示了话语有多么强大。vivid生动的；efficient高效的；powerful强大的；novel新奇的。根据上文“But it really took me twenty years.Even now, I feel a little uncomfortable thinking about it.”可知，摆脱一句伤人的话需要花费很长时间，而且这种影响到最后也不会完全消失，所以是展示话语的强大。故选C。] 15．A．behave B．agree C．laugh D．speak D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，说话前要三思，因为一句粗心大意的话可能会在未来几年塑造或扭曲一个人的现实。behave行动；agree同意；laugh大笑；speak说话。根据空后“since a careless word can shape—or misshape—someone's reality for years to come”可知，此处强调话语的影响力，所以是说话前要三思。故选D。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$