课文助读（3）Unit2 Reading and Thinking-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义晨背晚默（人教版2019）

课文助读（三）Reading and Thinking 教材原文助读 ◎ ①independent adj.独立的 independence n．独立性，自主性 ②make a decision做决定 ③unchecked adj.不加约束的；不受限制的；放任的 ④lead to导致；通向 ⑤involved adj.有关的；卷入的 be/become involved in参与…… ⑥tobacco n．烟草；烟叶 ⑦alcohol n．酒；酒精 ⑧abuse n．& vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂 ⑨physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的 physically adv.身体上地 ⑩dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势 ⑪essential adj.必要的；本质的 ⑫make appropriate changes做出适当改变 ⑬attempt n．& v．企图；尝试 attempt to do sth＝make an attempt to do sth 企图做某事 ⑭(be) based on以……为基础的 ⑮repeatedly adv.重复地 repeat vt.重复 ⑯over and over again一再地；反复不断地 ⑰automatic adj.自动的；无意识的；机械的 automatically adv.自动地；无意识地；机械地 ⑱psychology n．心理学；心理；心理影响 ⑲cycle n．循环；周期 ⑳cue n．提示；暗示；信号 vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示) act as 担任；充当 a signal to do sth做某事的信号 routine n．常规；惯例 adj.常规的 in response to回答；答复 make a response to对……做出回应/反应 reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬 in reward for作为报酬，作为报答 unhealthy adj.不健康的 healthy adj.健康的 rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖 rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖 reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的 facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利 facilitate economic growth促进经济增长 examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验 adapt vt.使适应；改编 adapt to...适应…… combine...with...把……和……结合起来 replace...with...用……代替…… negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的 positive adj.积极的，正面的 rather than而不是 relaxed adj.放松的，自在的 relaxing adj.令人放松的 relax v．(使)放松 aside from除……以外 escalator n．自动扶梯；滚梯 straight away立即；马上 pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的 optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的 give up放弃 discipline n．自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚 after all终究，毕竟 plenty of大量，很多 pill n．药丸；药片 delete v．删去；删除 delete button 删除键 decide on决定；选定, ◎ HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE [1]As teenagers grow up, they become more independent① and start making their own decisions②.However, during this period, [2]it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits．These bad habits, [3]if left unchecked③，could lead to④ more serious ones when they become adults.For example, some of them may become involved⑤ in tobacco⑥ or alcohol⑦ abuse⑧，[4]which can lead to physical⑨ and mental health problems．[5]To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating⑩ a teenager's life is essential⑪.They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes⑫. [1]本句是复合句。As teenagers grow up是as引导的时间状语从句；they become...decisions是主句。 [2]it作形式主语；for some of them to form bad habits是动词不定式复合结构，作真正的主语。 [3]if left unchecked是条件状语从句的省略，if后面省略了they are。 [4]which can lead to...problems是非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容。 [5]To prevent...life是动词不定式短语作主语，本句相当于It is essential to prevent...life。 [6]To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts⑬.There is a famous saying [7]based on⑭ the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are [8]what we repeatedly⑮ do．” In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices [9]we have made．We make a choice [10]to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again⑯.Soon that choice becomes automatic⑰ and forms a habit [11]that is much harder to change．[12]The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work. [6]To change bad habits是动词不定式短语作主语，看作第三人称单数形式。 [7]based on the philosophy of Aristotle是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词a famous saying。 [8]what we repeatedly do是表语从句，what在从句中作do的宾语。 [9]we have made是定语从句，修饰先行词the sum of choices，省略了关系代词that或which。 [10]to do something 是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词a choice。 [11]that is much harder to change是定语从句，修饰先行词a habit。 [12]本句是复合句。that引导表语从句；if引导条件状语从句；how habits work是宾语从句，作动词understand的宾语。 According to modern psychology⑱，we must first learn about the “habit cycle⑲”，[13]which works like this： ·Firstly, [14]there is a “cue⑳”， an action, event, or situation that acts as㉑ a signal㉒ to do something． ·Secondly, [15]there is a “routine㉓”， the regular action you take in response to㉔ the cue． ·[16]Thirdly, there is the “reward㉕”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. [13]which works like this 是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the“habit cycle”。 [14]本句是复合句。there is a “cue”是句子主干，an action...situation是同位语，对cue的内容进行解释说明。that...something是定语从句，修饰前面的an action, event, or situation。 [15]本句是复合句。there is a “routine”是句子主干，the regular action是同位语，you take...cue是定语从句，修饰先行词the regular action。 [16]本句是复合句。there is the “reward”是句子主干，the good thing or feeling是同位语，we get from the routine是定语从句，修饰先行词the good thing or feeling。 For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy㉖ snacks (routine), [17]which makes us feel happy (reward)．[18]The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on㉗ unhealthy snacks is formed. [17]which makes us feel happy是非限制性定语从句；feel happy是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 [18]本句是简单句。makes us...为make＋宾语＋宾语补足语结构。 [19]To facilitate㉘ a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine㉙ our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt㉚ them.We can do this by [20]combining㉛ the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas．For example, we could try [21]to replace㉜ a negative㉝ routine with something more positive．So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than㉞ eat snacks, we could listen to some examination n．考试；检查 of our favourite music instead (routine), [22]which will make us feel relaxed㉟ (reward)．Aside from㊱ [23]changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle [24]to create good habits．For example, when we come to an escalator㊲ (cue), our normal routine is [25]to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead. [19]本句是简单句。动词不定式短语To facilitate...habits作目的状语，to adapt them是动词不定式短语作宾语。 [20]combining...ideas是动词­ing形式短语作介词by的宾语。 [21]to replace...positive是动词不定式短语作动词try的宾语。 [22]which will make us feel relaxed是非限制性定语从句，feel relaxed是省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。 [23]changing bad habits是动词­ing形式短语作介词from的宾语。 [24]to create good habits是动词不定式短语作目的状语。 [25]to ride it是动词不定式短语作表语。 Many of us try [26]to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away㊳, we often become pessimistic㊴ and give up㊵.In fact, the most successful way [27]to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.[28]As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential.[29]To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline㊶ and repeatedly take many small steps.After all㊷，[30]it is not easy to break bad habits． [26]to change bad habits quickly是动词不定式短语作try的宾语。 [27]to change是动词不定式作定语，修饰名词way。 [28]As...wrote是定语从句，先行词是后面的主句内容，as在从句中作动词wrote的宾语。 [29]To reach the goal of change是动词不定式短语作目的状语。 [30]本句是简单句。it作形式主语，to break bad habits是动词不定式短语作真正的主语。 For young people, there is plenty of㊸ time [31]to change bad habits．However, there is no “magic pill㊹” or delete㊺ button㊻ [32]that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on㊼ some changes.You have the power [33]to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits! [31]to change bad habits是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词time。 [32]that will help you是定语从句，修饰先行词“magic pill” or delete button。 [33]to build a．..habits是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词power, full of good habits是形容词短语作定语，修饰名词life。 ◎ 健康的生活方式需养成的习惯 在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。然而，在这一时期，他们中的一部分人容易养成不良习惯。如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的坏习惯。例如，有些青少年沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。 改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情，即使你三番五次地尝试。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”从很多方面看，我们的生活方式是我们所作出的选择的总和。我们选择做某件事，接着我们反反复复地做这件事。不久之后，这项选择就自然而然地成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。 根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，其工作原理如下： ·第一是“触发因素”，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。 ·第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。 ·第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。 例如，当我们感到不高兴时(触发因素)，我们会吃很多不健康零食(惯常行为)，这让我们感到快乐(回报)。这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。 想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。为了做到这一点，我们可以把来自我们不良习惯循环的信息与我们自己的积极想法结合起来。例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时(触发因素)，我们可以听几首自己最喜爱的音乐(惯常行为)，而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松(回报)。除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候(触发因素)，我们的惯常行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。 我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。事实上，改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一蹴而就，而是需要一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”一步似乎很小，却至关重要。为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地迈出许多小步。毕竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。 对年轻人来说，有大量的时间可以改变不良习惯。然而，能帮助你的“魔力丸”或删除键并不存在；你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$