第三部分 专题一 第7讲 体裁破解——议论文-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语二轮总复习学案

throughout your day is a 13 -whether it's a hobby like painting, playing a board game, or just a new, 14. attitude. Just follow the example of your inner child and he can lead you to find more 15 C. showed 1.A.needed B. stressed D. meant 2.A. selling B. making C. finding D. saving 3.A. proud C. approving B. tolerant D. deserving 4. A. forced B. enabled C. reminded D. inspired 5. A. work B. fight C.play D. share 6. A. find fault with B. lose track of C. take delight in D. make peace with C. quickly 7. A. humbly B. naturally D. seriously 8. A.essential B. urgent C. individual D. immediate 9.A. secretly B. previously C. personally D. sufficiently 10. A. expect B. assess C. practice D. accept 11. A. sense B. changes C. progress D. contributions 12.A. sweet B. relaxing C. simple D. interesting 13.A.win B. pity C.dream D. surprise 14.A.firm C. friendly B. playful D. positive C. help 15.A. value B. luck D.jor 第7讲 体裁破解--议论文 高题考点 研析透 辨明题类 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述原理,发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。其目的不仅是客观地解释事物,还 力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。其特点决定了其为高考完形填空中难度最大的一种体裁。典型的议论文一 般由论点(提出问题,即what)、论据(分析问题,即why)和论证(解决问题,即how)三部分组成 议论文的论点的3种提出方式 (1)开门见山式:提出论点→引用具体的论据→总结全文; (2)导人式:叙述具体的事情或现象→针对问题,提出论点→用论据说明论点; (3)结尾式:列举生活中的现象→分析具体现象→得出结论。 技法点拨 1.抓住首句,明确论点。议论文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句,作者通常在文章的首段提出总论点,然后在 每段的首句提出分论点。 2.议论文的尾段就是结论,也是对论点的照应,不可忽视 真题体验 (广东高考) Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children's refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children's 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who 12 don't help their parents with the shopping don't find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions. Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 1.A. natural B. strong C.guilty D. similar 2.A. interest B. argument C.link D. knowledge 3.A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked B. housework C. prohlem 4. A. homework D. research B. using 5.A. washing C.dropping D. replacing 6.A: approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes 7.A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful 8.A.later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly B. taste C. future 9. A.behavior D. nature 10.A.failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills B.delay 11. A.defend C.repeat D. reconsider 12.A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust 13.A. reply B. attend C.attach D. lall 14.A.hate B. scold C. frighten D.stop 15.A.loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising 【解题示范】第一步:速读全文,理解文章的首句和首段,从宏观上把握作者的观点(即论点),弄清作者对 某一事物是赞成还是反对,进而掌握文章大意 1.首句要义:父母感到与孩子们相处很困难 2.文章大意:文章论述了家长和孩子如何相处的问题。一味地责备会使得亲情疏远。父母也应该倾听孩子 的心里话。沟通是一个双向的过程。做一个聪明的善解人意的家长更受孩子的欢迎 3.感情态度:作者在字里行间一直是客观陈述,用实验结果论证论点,没有表示赞成还是反对。 4.写作目的:通过论证,说明一个道理:父母也应该倾听孩子的心里话,沟通是一个双向的过程。做一个聪明 的善解人意的家长更受孩子的欢迎 第二步:细读文章,从微观上破解三大层次题 一般说来,论据里的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而论点里的答案可以和论据里的内容结合起来,论点论据 互相结合,前后联系,作出选择 1.【句内层次】逻辑推理题。句意:同样,青少年对父母也有类似的感觉,他们说和父母住在一起并不容易 A. natural自然的:B.strong强壮的:C.guilty犯罪的:D.similar相似的。根据前后文的提示可知,父母和孩子有着 相似的感觉。故选 2.【语篇层次】逻辑推理题。句意:根据最近的一项研究,父母与青少年之间的最常见的争吵是关于逻逼和 每日的例行任务。A.interest兴趣;B. argument争论,争吵;C. link联系;D. knowledge知识。根据下文可知,因为 父母不满意孩子不能保持自已房间的干净、整齐、卫生而发生争吵。故选 3.【句内层次】同义复现题。句意:一方面,父母会因为凌乱的房间,扔在地板上的衣服和他们的孩子拒绝帮 助做家务而发疯。A. noisy喧闹的;B. crowded拥挤的;C.messy杂乱的;D. locked上锁的。根据空后“clothe thrownonthefloor”可知,此处指凌乱的房间。故选 4.【句内层次】语境暗示题。句意:一方面,父母会因为凌乱的房间,扔在地板上的衣服和他们的孩子拒绝帮 助做家务而发疯。A.homework作业;B.housework家务;C.problem难题;D.research研究,调查。根据语境可知 此处指孩子们拒绝做家务。故选 5.【句内层次】生活常识题。句意:另一方面,当父母责备他们把毛中丢在浴室里,没有打扫房间,或者拒绝 在超市购物时,青少年会不断地失去耐心。A.washing洗;B.using使用;C.dropping落下;D.replacing更换,替代 根据空后“inthebathroom”可知,此处指毛巾扔进浴室,dropthetowel“把毛巾掉在地上”。故选 6.【句组层次】原词复现题。句意:圣乔治大学的研究表明不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法 A.approaches方法,途径;B. contributions贡献;C. introductions介绍,入门;D. attitudes态度,看法。根据下文 “However, some approaches are more 7 than others.”可知,此处指不同的方法。故选_。 113 7.【语篇层次】逻辑推理题。句意:然而,一些方法比其他人的更成功。A.complex复杂的;B.popular受欢迎 的;C.scientific科学的;D. successful成功的。根据下文可知,接下来列举了一些成功的父母的做法。故选_ 8.【句内层次】语篇暗示题。句意:例如,那些对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫,但后来却为他们打扫房间的父母, 很少有机会改变孩子的行为。A. later后来;B. deliberately故意地;C. seldom很少;D. thoroughly彻底。语篇标志 词but做了提示。故选 9.【句内层次】感情色彩题。句意:例如,那些对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫,但后来却为他们打扫房间的父母, 很少有机会改变孩子的行为。A.behavior行为;B.taste味道;C.future未来;D.nature自然。孩子不改变行为是因 为父母责备了他们,然后又帮他们收拾使孩子认为被批评了就可以不做了,自然行为得不到改变。故选 10.【句组层次】逻辑推理题。句意:根据后面可知,与此相反,那些让青少年体验他们的行为的结果的父母 可以做得更好。A. failures失败;B.changes变化;C.consequences结果;D. thrills兴奋,震颤。根据下文“For example, when teenagers who don't help their parents with the shopping don't find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forcedto 11 their actions.”可知,此处指让青少年体验他们的行为的结果。故选 11.【句内层次】语篇暗示题。句意:例如,当青少年不帮助他们的父母购物时,他们在冰箱里就找不到他们 最喜爱的饮料,这样他们就被迫重新考虑他们的行动。A. defend防御;B.delay耽搁;C. repeat重复; D.reconsider重新考虑。根据语境可知,此处指青少年被迫重新考虑他们的行动。故选 12.【句组层次】近义复现题。句意:心理学家说交流是家长和孩子关系中最重要的事。A.communication交 流;B.bond结合;C.friendship友谊;D.trust信任。根据下文“lendanearto”可知,有沟通才会消除隔闯和误解。 故选 13.【句内层次】固定搭配题。句意:父母应和子女交谈,但同时也应该听一听他们要说什么。A.reply回答; B. attend参加:C. attach附加,系;D. talk 谈论。根据空后“at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say”可知,此处是talkto“和......交谈”。故选 14.【句内层次】生活常识题。句意:当孩子们的房间凌乱时,父母可以责备他们,但他们也应该明白他们的 房间是他们自己的私人空间。A. hate讨厌;B. seold责备;C. frighten吓唬;D. stop停止。根据空后“whentheyare untidy”和常识可知,父母会责备孩子们。故选 15.【语篇层次】首尾呼应题。句意:沟通是一个双向的过程。它只有通过倾听和理解对方,父母与子女之间 的问题才可以得到解决。A.loving爱;B.observing观察;C.understanding理解;D.praising表扬。这是最后结论, 照应开头。故选 第三步:重读文章,从逻辑上修正错误 初选之后,代入答案,把违背上下文逻辑关系的错误改正过来。 模练 提考能 A (2024·江西省九校联考高三二模) Like many young Chinese, Zuo had been raised from a young age to be "a good student". As long as she followed the rules and worked hard, money and success would naturally followed. Zuo had followed the instructions to the 1. She aced exam after exam, winning a place at a prestigious college in Beijing. However, when Zuo sent out a sea of job applications, she didn't just fail to 2. her preferred role: she didn't receive a single 3. For Zuo, the failure came as a crushing 4. . Being a high fler, she was emotionally unprepared for such a setback. She struggled with anxiety for months: unable to sleep, 5. by guilt, and feeling compelled to repeatedly apologize to her parents and teachers. But the ordeal (磨难) has left a profound impression on Zuo. The former teacher's pet has transformed into a passionate6. of what she calls the "good student mentality". In January, Zuo set up a group on Douban named "Victims of the Good Student Mentality" and it has quickly attracted a passionate following. “Good students" like Zuo tend to be 7. vulnerable (脆弱的)to mental health issues. Successive studies have found that high achievers are more likely to 8. anxiety, depression than the general population. This is because high achievers like Zuo often excessively rely on 9. validation(认可) to support their self-esteem, leaving them unable 111 to cope with setbacks. Over time, students 10 the external world's evaluation criteria as their own standard for self assessment. It's clear that a diverse range of young people can 11. victim to the "good student mentality”. Luckily, in Chinese education system. there is growing 12. that student anxiety is a serious problem. A teacher in Shanghai surnamed Dong, tells that "the good student mentality" is becoming ever more prevalent, with well behaved. introverted children 13. _seeking praise and awards as a way to 14. their self esteem. If they fail to meet the school's incredibly high standards. there's a risk that it will trigger an emotional 15. . Hence, Zuo recently wrote a welcome message offering new members some advice: Be kind to yourself: challenge the norms: treat yourself well. And, mos importantly: You can be a "bad"kid. 1.A.letter B. limitation C. guidance D. degree 2.A.land B.miss C.occupy D. play 3.A.job C. application B.offer D. response 4.A.blow B. surprise C. expectation D. experience C. filled 5.A.impressed B. owerwhelmed D. buried B. example 6.A. supporter C.critic D. expert 7.A. absolutely B.seldom C.less D. particularly 8.A. get ridof B. suffer from C. live up with D. get over 9.A.external B. flexible C. positive D.special 10. A.develop B. adopt C. withdraw D. transform 11.A.avoid B. owe C.fall D. change 12.A. recognition B. concern C. situation D. fear 13.A.openly C. hopefully B. continuousl D. anxiously 14.A.rise B.boost C. advance D. upgrade C. breakup 15.A. breakout B. breakdown D. breakthrough B (2024·安徽省院豫联盟高三第二次联考) Most of us are afraid to fail. Our fear of failure isn't 1. . F'rom an early age, we were surrounded by people who value 2. . Parents tell us to bring home A's. 3. teach us to go for the gold, not the silver or bronze. And on social media, people share only the coolest part of their lives. Usually they keep their 4. to themselves. What's so bad about being afraid to fail? It might seem like a"win at everything" attitude would 5. you to success. In reality. it can6. hold you back. For example, many people get one bad grade on an algebra (代数) test and7. they are not smart enough for math. According to experts, that is a 8. way to think. They say failing is good for you. It teaches you to 9. a task even when it gets hard. The ability to do this is called grit (毅力). Te people with grit, failure is not a reason to give up. It is a chance to 10. . There is one place where failure is surely 11. :technology companies. Tech leaders often gather for events called Fail Cons. They learn from ideas that didn't work."Sometimes things just don't go as 12. ," says the Fail Cons website."But that doesn't mean you should stop trying.” That message 13. to a man named Evan Williams. In 2oo5 he developed an APP called Odeo. Not many people used it. It was a big 14. , but Williams wasn't upset. 15. . , he learned from his mistakes and kept working hard A few years later, he helped create one of the biggest social media sites ever: Twitter. B. surprising 1.A. familiar C. meaningful D. understandable 2. A. perfection B. friendship C. creativity D. education 3.A.Competitors B.Judges C. Coaches D. Organizers 4. A. examples B. courses C. struggles D. secrets 5.A.invite B. attach C.compare D. lead 6. A. temporarily B. barely C. narrowly D. seriously 7.A.deny B.decide C. predict D. report 8.A. wrong B. proper C. typical D. unique 115 9. A. stick with B. give up C. depend on D. break down 10. A. participate B. connect C. improve D. share 11. A. avoided B. ignored C. valued D. measured 12. A. sugested B. offered C. ordered D. planned 13. A. related B. applied C. switched D. objected 14. A. hit C. relief B. disappointment D. reminder 15. A. Instead B. Moreover C. Meanwhile C D. Therefore (2024·福建省八具(市)一中高三模拟预测) I used to find award show speeches inspiring when celebrities encouraged people to"chase their dreams". However. as I grew older, I1. the toxicity (毒性) behind this notion. Pursuing our dreams is not always easy due to various 2. 2. .For instance, I3. to be a singer but lacked the financial means to audition for competition shows. Later, my dream4. to becoming a manga editor. but I faced 5. like language barriers. travel costs, and difficult exams. Though there is hope, considering many celebrities started from humble beginnings, achieving dreams remains 6. . As someone who once had ambitious aspirations. these "chase your dreams" speeches gave me 7. hope.1 take issue with such celebrity speeches because they suggest that anyone can 8. whatever they desire simply by wishing for it. 9. . , reality tells us otherwise. I am not trying to be 10. , but rather realistic. Growing older has taught me that some dreams are meant to stay as dreams. Nonetheless, I am grateful that my dream of becoming a singer did not materialize. I have found other passions- writing and editing-and 11. pursued them as a career through college. I have no regrets about this path. If we do not 12. exactly where we want to be, it is alright. Life sometimes presents obstacles that 13. us from choosin our first preference for the future. Our dreams may not always be 14. ., but that does not mean good things are not in store for us. Life often takes us on different paths. Do not lose hope, for you have a bright future ahead, 15. the choices you make. 1. A. worried B. changed C. realized D. controlled 2.A.bariers B. shelters C. excuses D. thoughts 3.A.failed B. agreed C. used D. desired 4. A.focused B. shifted C. continued D. happened C. demands 5.A. efforts B. challenges D. choices B. common 6. A. straightforward C. complicated D. rare 7.A.false C. great B.true D.special 8.A. confirm B. appreciate C. accomplish D. distribute 9.A. Therefore B.Moreover C. However D. Furthermore 10. A.optimistic B. pessimistic C. energetic D. enthusiastic 11.A. unexpectedly C. uneventfully B. unavoidably D. unnecessarily 12.A.come p B. tm up C. set up D. end up 13.A.save B. protect C. prevent D. guard 14. A. comfortable C. bearable B. attainable D. adjustable 15. A.instead of B. in terms of C. by means of D. regardless of D (2024·黑龙江省高三四模) We, a group of psychologists, believe people can gain a sense of meaning from small moments. Just 1. thefirst butterfly you see after a long winter or the scenery on top of a hill after a fresh hike. We recently set out to better 2. this form of small beauty in studies that involved plenty of participants. Across the studies, we were 3. whether experimental appreciation could be a special 4. meaningfulness. At first, to5. our idea, we had participants report how they usually 6. their stress. We found that people who managed stress by 7. their appreciation of life's beauty reported that their life was 8. meaningful. Next, we 11E asked partieipants to rate(评级) various statements, such as"I have a great appreciation of the beauty of life", as well as statements that are 9. to purposes and meaningfulness in life. Our results showed that the more people was valuable. These confirmed our 11. appreciated their life experiences, the more they felt their 10 theory: appreciating small things can make life more meaningful. 12. , in today's society, applying this insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We are always 13. . This focus on future outcomes makes it easy for us to 14. what is happening right now, Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down and treasure the 15. of everyday things. B. turn in C. bring up 1. A. think of D. leave behind 2.A.recall B. predict C.design D. understand 3. A. curious about B. familiar with C. tolerant of D. skilled in 4. A.response to B. harmony with C. approach to D. standard of 5. A. abandon B. test C. publish D. state 6.A. assessed B. relieved C.suffered D. increased 7. A. taking over B. setting aside C. concentrating on D. making up 8. A. cautiously B.highly C.frequently D. possibly 9. A. relevant B.blind C. accustomed D. sensitive 10.A. theory B. proposal C. appearance D. existence 11.A. popular C. easy B. original D. abstract 12. A. Mistakenly B. Ridiculously C.Officially D. Sadly 13.A. in the way C.on the go B. out of sight D. behind the scenes 14.A.miss B.judge C.notice D. explain 15.A. relationship B. tension C. signifieanee D. expense ※小贴士:完形填空五大易错点 高考是选拔性考试,试题有难度梯度。完形填空中总会有几道较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路 虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点:①解题信息比较隐蔽;②千扰项迷惑性较强;③情感态度较难把 握;④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目,考生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外,还应谨慎小心应对。 易错点1 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选 语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句组,而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇,这就要求考生理解 整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而做出正确的选 择。对于此类题目,一定要坚持这样一个原则:不急干解答,读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。 易错点2 因不能正确区分形/义近词(组)而错选 完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词(组)或义近词(组)让考生辨析,因为形式相近或意义相近,无形 中增加了难度,如果考生掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。 易错点3 固词汇理解障碍而错选 在完形填空题的设题上,命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项,从而造成考生错选。对 于这些词汇,考生在平时必须高度重视。 易错点4 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选 在最近儿年的高考完形填空中,对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜,这往往也是考生容易忽视的地 方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞,造成了不应有的失分。 易错点5 因惯性思维而错选 在英语学习中,由于种种原因,如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能使考生产生一些思维定式,即不 善于思考,考虑问题不全面,从而抑制思维能力的发展,导致误选一些题目。有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化 只记忆中文意思,而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如:表示“成功做某事”,不可以用 succeedtodosth.来表达。学习词组或习惯用语时也会受到思维定式影响。例如:学习了wait for这个词组以后, 有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait,后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to waitat the red light."中就不用for。 温馨提示:复习至此,请做练案[3]&'+*19'*1&7*1+=67'和上文提到的玩耍很重要可知#每天增 加一种游戏这是一种胜利! 故选$! %U@3!考查形容词辨析! 句意)在一天中#任何一次玩耍的增加 都是一种胜利+++无论是像绘画(玩棋盘游戏这样的爱好# 还是仅仅是一种新的(好玩的态度! $@8,+-稳定的. 3@5067810好玩的."@8+,(2=07友好的.#@5*),&,/(积极的! 由 "<'(&'(+,&O)6'*::70,;(56,2&,29# 5067,296:*6+= 96-(# *+ P1)&62(<'可知#有一种新的好玩的态度是一种胜利! 故 选3! %S@#!考查名词辨析! 句意)只要追随你内心的孩童的脚步#他 就能带领你找到更多的快乐! $@/601(价值.3@01?;运气. "@'(05帮助.#@P*7快乐! 根据" 1̀)&8*0*<&'((L6-50(*8 7*1+,22(+?',0= 62= '(?62 0(6= 7*1 &*8,2= -*+('可知#追随你 内心的孩童的脚步#这能让你玩耍#所以你就会找到更多快 乐! 故选#! 第C讲!体裁破解!!!议论文 高频考点#研析透 #!3!"!3!"!$!#!$!$!"!#!$!#!3!" 模拟精练#提考能 ! !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇议论文! 文章主要围绕$好学生 心态%进行阐述#通过一个年轻人的经历和反思#探讨了这种心 态的负面影响#并呼吁人们关注学生的心理健康和自我价值的 培养! %@$!考查名词辨析! 句意) N1*不折不扣地执行了! $@0(&(+信件.3@0,-,&6&,*2限制."@91,=62?(指导.#@=(9+((度 数#程度! 根据上文"M,;(-6277*129"',2()(# N1*'6= :((2 +6,)(= 8+*-@@@<*10= 26&1+6078*0*<(=@'可知#N1*一直很听 话#所以一直在不折不扣的地执行好学生的标准! &*&'(0(&(+ 意为"严格地#丝毫不差地'! 故选$! .@$!考查动词辨析! 句意)然而#当N1*发出了大量的求职申 请时#她不仅没有找到自己喜欢的职位.她也没有收到任何工 作邀请! $@062= 降落#得到.3@-,))错过."@*??157占据. #@5067玩! 根据下文")'(=,=2O&+(?(,/(6),290('可知#N1*发 出了很多求职信#但是并没有得到自己喜欢的职位! 故选$! 4@3!考查名词辨析! 句意)然而#当N1*发出了大量的求职申 请时#她不仅没有找到自己喜欢的职位.她也没有收到任何工 作邀请! $@P*: 工作. 3@*8(+提议. "@6550,?6&,*2 申请. #@+()5*2)(回复! 根据下文"H*+N1*# &'(86,01+(?6-(6)6 ?+1)',29'可知#她并未得到工作邀约! 故选3! U@$!考查名词辨析! 句意)对N1*来说#这次失败是一个沉重 的打击! $@:0*<打击.3@)1+5+,)(惊讶."@(L5(?&6&,*2期待. #@(L5(+,(2?(经历! 根据下文"3(,296',9' 80,(+# )'(<6) (-*&,*2607125+(56+(= 8*+)1?' 6)(&:6?;@'可知#这次失败对她 而言是一个沉重的打击! 故选$! S@3!考查动词辨析! 句意)几个月来#她一直在焦虑中挣扎)无 法入睡#内疚不堪重负#不得不反复向父母和老师道歉! $@,-5+())(=使有印象. 3@*/(+<'(0-(= 压倒. "@8,0(=填充. #@:1+,(=埋葬! 根据"126:0(&*)0((5'以及"8((0,29?*-5(0(= &*+(5(6&(=0765*0*9,b(&*'(+56+(2&)62= &(6?'(+)'可知#她的内 心被内疚所击垮! 故选3! ]@"!考查名词辨析! 句意)这位前老师的宠儿已经转变为她所 谓的"好学生心态'的热情批评者! $@)155*+&(+支持者. 3@(L6-50(例子."@?+,&,?评论家.#@(L5(+&专家! 根据下文 "A2 6̀216+7# N1*)(&15 69+*15@@@56)),*26&(8*0*<,29@'可知# N1*开始批判这种好学生心态! 故选"! C@#!考查副词辨析! 句意)像N1*这样的"好学生'往往特别 容易受到心理健康问题的影响! $@6:)*01&(07绝对地. 3@)(0=*-很少."@0())更少.#@56+&,?106+07尤其! 根据下文 "F1??()),/()&1=,()'6/(8*12= &'6&@@@5*5106&,*2@'可知#高成 就者更容易焦虑! 故选#! T@3!考查动词短语辨析! 句意)连续的研究发现#高成就者比 普通人更容易焦虑(抑郁! $@9(&+,= *8摆脱.3@)18(+8+*-遭 受."@0,/(15 <,&'忍受.#@9(&*/(+克服! 根据上文"*Z**= )&1=(2&), 0,;(N1*&(2= &*:(!C! /102(+6:0($脆弱的%'可知# N1*这样的好学生更容易有精神上的问题! 故选3! B@$!考查形容词辨析! 句意)这是因为像N1*这样的高成就者 经常过度依赖外部认可来支持他们的自尊#使他们无法应对 挫折! $@(L&(+260外部的.3@80(L,:0(灵活的."@5*),&,/(积极 的.#@)5(?,60特别的! 根据下文"X/(+&,-(# )&1=(2&)!%Q! &'((L&(+260@@@8*+)(08K6))())-(2&@'可知#高成就者会依赖外 部认可来支持他们的自尊! (L&(+260为原词复现! 故选$! %Q@3!考查动词辨析! 句意)随着时间的推移#学生们将外部世 界的评价标准作为自己的自我评价标准! $@=(/(0*5发展. 3@6=*5&采纳."@<,&'=+6<撤退.#@&+62)8*+-改变! 根据上文 "R',),):(?61)(',9' 6?',(/(+)0,;(N1*'可知#高成就者会依 赖外部认可来维持自尊! 故选3! %%@"!考查动词辨析! 句意)很明显#各种各样的年轻人都可能 成为"好学生心态'的受害者! $@6/*,= 避免.3@*<(欠. "@860落下#成为.#@?'629(改变! 根据上文"A2 6̀216+7# N1* )(&15 69+*15 *2 #*1:62 26-(='可知#很多人成为好学生心 态的受害者! 860/,?&,-&*意为"成为22的受害者'! 故 选"! %.@$!考查名词辨析! 句意)幸运的是#在中国的教育体系中# 越来越多的人认识到学生焦虑是一个严重的问题! $@+(?*92,&,*2认可.3@?*2?(+2 担忧."@),&16&,*2 形势.#@8(6+ 害怕! 根据下文"$&(6?'(+,2 F'629'6,# )1+26-(= #*29# &(0) &'6&'可知#越来越多的人承认学生焦虑的问题! 故选$! %4@3!考查副词辨析! 句意)上海一位姓董的老师表示#"好学 生心态'正变得越来越普遍#表现良好(内向的孩子不断寻求 表扬和奖励#以此来增强他们的自尊! $@*5(207公开地. 3@?*2&,21*1)07持续地."@'*5(8107充满希望地.#@62L,*1)07 焦虑地! 根据上文"$)0*296))'(8*0*<(= &'(+10()62= <*+;(= '6+=# -*2(762= )1??())<*10= 26&1+6078*0*<(=@'可 知#这些孩子是在不断地寻求表扬和奖励! 故选3! %U@3!考查动词辨析! 句意)上海一位姓董的老师表示#"好学 生心态'正变得越来越普遍#表现良好(内向的孩子不断寻求 表扬和奖励#以此来增强他们的自尊! $@+,)(上升.3@:**)& 促进."@6=/62?(前进.#@159+6=(升级! 根据上文"R',),) :(?61)(',9' 6?',(/(+)0,;(N1*'可知#这些孩子需要外部的认 可来增强自尊! 故选3! %S@3!考查名词辨析! 句意)如果他们达不到学校极高的标准 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! # +**$+ 就有可能引发情绪崩溃! $@:+(6;*1&爆发.3@:+(6;=*<2崩 溃."@:+(6;15破裂.#@:+(6;&'+*19'突破! 根据上文"-(2&60 '(60&' ,))1()@F1??()),/()&1=,()'6/(8*12= &'6&',9' 6?',(/(+)' 可知#学生一旦达不到学校的极高标准#就会情绪崩溃! 故 选3! + !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇议论文! 文章主要论述失败不 是坏事#失败了不要放弃#要从失败中吸取教训并坚持下来才能 取得成功! %@3!考查形容词辨析! 句意)我们对失败的恐惧并不令人惊 讶! $@86-,0,6+熟悉的.3@)1+5+,),29令人惊讶的."@-(62,29810 有意义的.#@12=(+)&62=6:0(可理解的! 根据下文"H+*-62 (6+0769(# <(<(+()1+*12=(='可知#我们从小就被教育要成 功#因此我们害怕失败#这并不令人惊讶! 故选3! .@$!考查名词辨析! 句意)从很小的时候起#我们就被看重完 美的人所包围! $@5(+8(?&,*2 完美. 3@8+,(2=)',5 友谊. "@?+(6&,/,&7创造力.#@(=1?6&,*2教育! 根据下文">6+(2&)&(0 1)&*:+,29'*-($O)@!4! &(6?' 1)&*9*8*+&'(9*0=# 2*&&'( ),0/(+*+:+*2b(@'可知#从小我们身边就都是追求完美的人! 故选$! 4@"!考查名词辨析! 句意)教练教我们要去争取金牌#而不是 银牌或铜牌! $@"*-5(&,&*+)竞争者. 3@ 1̀=9()法官. "@"*6?'()教练.#@X+962,b(+)组织者! 根据"&'(9*0=# 2*&&'( ),0/(+*+:+*2b('可知#此处指教练教我们要去争取金牌! 故 选"! U@"!考查名词辨析! 句意)通常他们会把自己的挣扎藏在心 里! $@(L6-50()例子.3@?*1+)()课程."@)&+1990()挣扎#难事. #@)(?+(&)秘密! 根据上文"$2= *2 )*?,60-(=,6# 5(*50()'6+( *207&'(?**0()&56+&*8&'(,+0,/()@'可知#此处和"&'(?**0()&56+& *8&'(,+0,/()'形成对比#指人们分享最酷的部分#而把艰难(令 人挣扎的事情藏在心里! 故选"! S@#!考查动词辨析! 句意)看起来"凡事必胜'的态度会让你 走向成功! $@,2/,&(邀请.3@6&6?'贴上#附在."@?*-56+(比 较.#@0(6=引导! 根据"&*)1??())'可知#此处指带领你走向成 功#0(6= ):@&*@@@"带领某人去22'#固定搭配! 故选#! ]@#!考查副词辨析! 句意)在现实中#它会严重阻碍你的发展! $@&(-5*+6+,07临时地.3@:6+(07几乎没有."@26+*<07勉强地. #@)(+,*1)07严重地! 根据下文"R'(7)6786,0,29,)9**= 8*+ 7*1@'可知#失败对人有好处#此处指"凡事必胜'的态度会严 重阻碍人的发展! 故选#! C@3!考查动词辨析! 句意)例如#许多人在代数考试中得了一 个不好的分数#就判定他们不够聪明#不适合数学! $@=(27 否认.3@=(?,=(决定."@5+(=,?&预测.#@+(5*+&报道! 根据 "&'(76+(2*&)-6+&(2*19' 8*+-6&''可知#由一个不好的分数 就判定他们不适合数学! 故选3! T@$!考查形容词辨析! 句意)专家表示#这是一种错误的思维 方式! $@<+*29错误的.3@5+*5(+合适的."@&75,?60典型的. #@12,G1(独特的! 根据语境以及下文"R'(7)6786,0,29,)9**= 8*+7*1@'可知#专家认为失败对人有好处#由一次失败就判定 人不够聪明的想法是错误的! 故选$! B@$!考查动词短语辨析! 句意)它教会你即使遇到困难也要坚 持下去! $@)&,?; <,&'坚持.3@9,/(15放弃."@=(5(2= *2依 靠.#@:+(6; =*<2出故障! 根据下文"R'(6:,0,&7&*=*&',),) ?60(= 9+,&$毅力%@'可知#毅力是坚持不懈的能力#即使遇到 困难也坚持下去! 故选$! %Q@"!考查动词辨析! 句意)它是一个提高的机会! $@56+&,?,56&(参加.3@?*22(?&连接."@,-5+*/(提高#改善. #@)'6+(分享! 根据上文"R*5(*50(<,&' 9+,&# 86,01+(,)2*&6 +(6)*2 &*9,/(15@'以及下文"R'(70(6+2 8+*-,=(6)&'6&=,=2O& <*+;@'可知#对于有毅力的人来说#失败不是放弃的理由#他 们会从失败的中学习#将之看作一个不断提高的机会! 故 选"! %%@"!考查动词辨析! 句意)有一个地方肯定会重视失败)科技 公司! $@6/*,=(= 避免.3@,92*+(= 忽视."@/601(= 重视. #@-(6)1+(=测量! 根据下文"R'(70(6+2 8+*-,=(6)&'6&=,=2O& <*+;@'可知#他们从失败的想法中学习#即重视失败! 故 选"! %.@#!考查动词辨析! 句意)H6,0"*2)网站说)"有时候事情就 是不像计划的那样发展!'$@)199()&(=建议.3@*8(+(=提供. "@*+=(+(=命令.#@50622(=计划! 根据"F*-(&,-()&',29)P1)& =*2O&9*'可知#此处指事情不像计划的那样! 故选#! %4@3!考查动词辨析! 句意)这一点适用于一个名叫[/62 V,0,6-)的人! $@+(06&(= 联系. 3@6550,(= 应用#申请. "@)<,&?'(=转换.#@*:P(?&(=反对! 下文"'(0(6+2(= 8+*-',) -,)&6;()62= ;(5&<*+;,29'6+='提到[/62 V,0,6-)从错误中 吸取教训#继续努力工作! 故选3! %U@3!考查名词辨析! 句意)这是一个很大的失望#但V,0,6-) 并不沮丧! $@',&打#击中.3@=,)655*,2&-(2&失望."@+(0,(8解 脱#宽慰.#@+(-,2=(+提醒! 根据上文"A2 .QQS '(=(/(0*5(= 62 $>>?60(= X=(*@J*&-6275(*50(1)(= ,&@'可知#开发的 $>>使用人数不多#这是令人失望的事情! 故选3! %S@$!考查副词辨析! 句意)相反#他从错误中吸取教训#继续 努力工作! $@A2)&(6= 相反. 3@a*+(*/(+此外. "@a(62<',0(同时.#@R'(+(8*+(因此! 上文" :1&V,0,6-) <6)2O&15)(&'提到V,0,6-)没有沮丧#,2)&(6=能够连接上下 文的逻辑关系! 故选$! 2 !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇议论文! 文章主要说明了作者 随着年龄的增长#意识到名人演讲传递了错误的思想#只要有愿 望#任何人都可以实现他们想要的! %@"!考查动词辨析! 句意)然而#随着年龄的增长#我意识到这 种观念背后的害处! $@<*+,(= 担心. 3@?'629(= 改变. "@+(60,b(=意识到.#@?*2&+*0(=控制! 根据上文"A1)(= &*8,2= 6<6+= )'*<)5((?'(),2)5,+,29<'(2 ?(0(:+,&,()(2?*1+69(= 5(*50( &**?'6)(&'(,+=+(6-),@$我曾经发现#当名人鼓励人们*追逐 梦想,时#颁奖典礼上的演讲很鼓舞人心!%'以及"&'(&*L,?,&7 $毒性% :(',2= &',)2*&,*2'可知#作者开始意识到这种观念背 后的害处! 故选"! .@$!考查名词辨析! 句意)由于各种各样的障碍#追求我们的 梦想并不总是容易的! $@:6+,(+)障碍.3@)'(0&(+)避难所. "@(L?1)()借口.#@&'*19'&)想法! 根据" ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! >1+)1,29*1+=+(6-),) +!*$+ 2*&60<67)(6)7'可知#追求梦想不容易是因为各种障碍的原 因! 故选$! 4@#!考查动词辨析! 句意)例如#我想成为一名歌手#但缺乏经 济手段来试镜比赛节目! $@86,0(= 失败.3@69+((= 同意. "@1)(=使用.#@=(),+(=渴望! 根据上文">1+)1,29*1+=+(6-)' 以及"&*:(6),29(+:1&06?;(= &'(8,262?,60-(62)&*61=,&,*2 8*+ ?*-5(&,&,*2 )'*<)'可知#作者想要成为歌手! 故选#! U@3!考查动词辨析! 句意)后来#我的梦想变成了成为一名漫 画编辑#但我面临着语言障碍(旅行费用和难考等挑战! $@8*?1)(=集中.3@)',8&(= 转换#变成. "@?*2&,21(= 继续. #@'655(2(=发生! 根据"&*:(?*-,296-6296(=,&*+'可知#作 者成为歌手的梦想变成了成为漫画编辑! 故选3! S@3!考查名词辨析! 句意)后来#我的梦想变成了成为一名漫 画编辑#但我面临着语言障碍(旅行费用和难考等挑战! $@(8*+&)努力.3@?'60(29()挑战."@=(-62=)要求.#@?'*,?() 选择! 根据"0,;(0629169(:6+,(+)# &+6/(0?*)&)# 62= =,8,?10& (L6-)'可知#语言障碍(旅行费用和难考是作者面临的挑战! 故选3! ]@#!考查形容词辨析! 句意)尽管有希望#但考虑到许多名人 都是白手起家的#实现梦想的人仍然很少! $@)&+6,9'&8*+<6+= 直接的.3@?*--*2共同的."@?*-50,?6&(=复杂的.#@+6+(少有 的! 根据"R'*19' &'(+(,)'*5('中&'*19'表示转折#说明尽管 有希望#但实现梦想的人仍然很少! 故选#! C@$!考查形容词辨析! 句意)作为一个曾经雄心勃勃的人#这 些"追逐你的梦想'的演讲给了我虚假的希望! $@860)(虚假 的.3@&+1(真的."@9+(6&伟大的.#@)5(?,60特别的! 上文提到 实现梦想的人仍然很少#所以此处指演讲给了作者虚假的希 望! 故选$! T@"!考查动词辨析! 句意)我反对这样的名人演讲#因为他们 暗示任何人都可以实现他们想要的#只要有愿望! $@?*28,+- 确认.3@655+(?,6&(感激."@6??*-50,)'实现.#@=,)&+,:1&(分配! 根据"<'6&(/(+&'(7=(),+(),-507:7<,)',298*+,&'可知#任何人 都可以实现他们想要的! 故选"! B@"!考查副词辨析! 句意)然而#现实告诉我们并非如此! $@R'(+(8*+(因此. 3@a*+(*/(+此外. "@D*<(/(+然而. #@H1+&'(+-*+(此外! 结合前后文语境可知为转折关系#应用 '*<(/(+! 故选"! %Q@3!考查形容词辨析! 句意)我不是要悲观#而是要现实一 点! $@*5&,-,)&,?乐观的.3@5()),-,)&,?悲观的."@(2(+9(&,?精 力充沛的.#@(2&'1),6)&,?热情的! 根据":1&+6&'(++(60,)&,?' 可知#作者这么说是出于现实#而不是悲观! 故选3! %%@$!考查副词辨析! 句意)我还发现了其他的爱好+++写作 和编辑+++并出人意料地在大学里把它们作为职业来追求! $@12(L5(?&(=07出乎意料地.3@126/*,=6:07不可避免地. "@12(/(2&8107太平无事地. #@122(?())6+,07不必要地!根据 "51+)1(= &'(-6)6?6+((+&'+*19' ?*0(9('可知#作者把写作和 编辑意外作为职业追求! 故选$! %.@#!考查动词短语辨析! 句意)如果我们没有完全到达我们 想要到达的地方#那也没关系! $@?*-(15接近.3@&1+2 15 出现."@)(&15建立.#@(2= 15结束! 根据"(L6?&07<'(+(<( <62&&*:(# ,&,)60+,9'&'可知#道路最后没能让作者最终到达 想要到达的地方! 故选#! %4@"!考查动词辨析! 句意)生活有时会出现障碍#阻止我们为 未来选择第一偏好! $@)6/(挽救.3@5+*&(?&保护."@5+(/(2& 阻止.#@916+=守卫! 根据"M,8()*-(&,-()5+()(2&)*:)&6?0()' 可知#障碍会阻止人们为未来选择第一偏好! 故选"! %U@3!考查形容词辨析! 句意)我们的梦想可能并不总是可以 实现的#但这并不意味着好事不在等着我们! $@?*-8*+&6:0( 舒服的. 3@6&6,26:0(可获得的. "@:(6+6:0(可忍受的. #@6=P1)&6:0(可调节的! 根据" :1&&'6&=*()2*&-(62 9**= &',29)6+(2*&,2 )&*+(8*+1)'中:1&表示转折可知#梦想并不 总是可以实现的! 故选3! %S@#!考查介词短语辨析! 句意)不要失去希望#因为不管你做 出什么样的选择#你都有一个光明的未来! $@,2)&(6= *8而不 是.3@,2 &(+-)*8就22而言. "@:7-(62)*8通过. #@+(96+=0())*8不管! 根据" 8*+7*1 '6/(6:+,9'&81&1+( 6'(6='以及"&'(?'*,?()7*1 -6;('可知#不管做出什么样的 选择#你都有一个光明的未来! 故选#! 3 !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇议论文! 短文论述了欣赏小事 可以让生活更有意义#告诫人们我们应该放慢脚步#珍惜日常事 物的意义! %@$!考查动词短语辨析! 句意)想想你在漫长的冬天后看到的 第一只蝴蝶#或者一次徒步旅行后山顶上的风景! $@&',2; *8 想到.3@&1+2 ,2上交."@:+,2915养育.#@0(6/(:(',2=遗弃! 根据"&'(8,+)&:1&(+8077*1 )((68&(+60*29<,2&(+*+&'()?(2(+7 *2 &*5 *86',068&(+68+()' ',;('可知#想想所看到的! 故选$! .@#!考查动词辨析! 句意)我们最近开始在涉及大量参与者的 研究中更好地理解这种形式的小美! $@+(?60回想起. 3@5+(=,?&预测."@=(),92设计.#@12=(+)&62=理解! 根据"&',) 8*+-*8)-60:(61&7,2 )&1=,()'可知#更好地理解这种形式的小 美! 故选#! 4@$!考查短语辨析! 句意)在这些研究中#我们很好奇实验性 欣赏是否可以成为一种特殊的有意义的方法! $@?1+,*1)6:*1&好奇.3@86-,0,6+<,&'熟悉."@&*0(+62&*8忍受. #@);,0(= ,2技术娴熟! 根据"<'(&'(+(L5(+,-(2&60655+(?,6&,*2 ?*10= :(6)5(?,60'可知#我们很好奇! 故选$! U@"!考查名词短语辨析! 句意)在这些研究中#我们很好奇实 验欣赏是否可以成为一种特殊的有意义的方法! $@+()5*2)( &*回应. 3@'6+-*27<,&' 和谐. "@655+*6?' &*22方法. #@)&62=6+= *822的标准! 根据"(L5(+,-(2&60655+(?,6&,*2'可 知#好奇的是实验欣赏是否可以成为一种特殊的有意义的方 法! 故选"! S@3!考查动词辨析! 句意)首先#为了验证我们的想法#我们让 参与者报告他们通常是如何缓解压力的! $@6:62=*2抛弃. 3@&()&测试#验证."@51:0,)'出版.#@)&6&(表明! 根据"<('6= 56+&,?,562&)+(5*+&'*<&'(71)1607'可知#实验的目的是验证想 法! 故选3! ]@3!考查动词辨析! 句意)首先#为了验证我们的想法#我们让 参与者报告他们通常是如何缓解压力的! $@6))())(=评估 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! . +#*$+ 3@+(0,(/(=缓解."@)18(+(=遭受.#@,2?+(6)(=增加! 根据下文 "V(8*12= &'6&5(*50(<'*-6269(= )&+()):7'可知#参与者通 常是如何缓解压力的! 故选3! C@"!考查动词短语辨析! 句意)我们发现#那些通过专注于欣 赏生活之美来管理压力的人报告说#他们的生活非常有意义! $@&6;,29*/(+接管.3@)(&,296),=(留出."@?*2?(2&+6&,29*2集 中.#@-6;,2915组成! 根据"-(62,29810'可知#觉得生活有意 义是因为专注于欣赏生活之美! 故选"! T@3!考查副词辨析! 句意)我们发现#那些通过专注于欣赏生 活之美来管理压力的人报告说#他们的生活非常有意义! $@?61&,*1)07谨慎地.3@',9'07非常. "@8+(G1(2&07频繁地. #@5*)),:07可能地! 根据句意可知#那些通过专注于欣赏生活 之美来管理压力的人的生活非常有意义! 故选3! 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