第二部分 专题一 第8讲 体裁破解——议论文-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语二轮总复习学案

051 school bus.At the meeting,Cyr hung up 50 paint samples on the walls of the conference room and formed a special committee to pick a winner.They chose the symbolic yellow-orange color that was originally known as "National School Bus Chrome". Cyr wasn't a seientist or a safety expert,but he instinctively made the connection between bright colors,visibility and vehicle safety."Based upon the standards of 1939,yellow was a very intelligent choice,"says Dr.Stephen Solomon, a retired optometrist (and founder of Visibility in Motion,which does consulting for emergency services providers."The colors that are most easily seen by the human eye are the yellows-the yellow-green to yellow to greenish-yellow,"says Solomon."That's at the peak of the visibility range." Solomon explains that color vision is determined by photoreceptor cells in the retina(视网膜)called cones(视锥 )There are three types of cones,each tuned to detect different wavelengths of light;red,green and blue.Yellow light stimulates both the red and green cones at the same time,which is why the eye is most sensitive to colors in the yellow range. 13.What does the underlined word "hit-and-miss"in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Random. B.Similar. C.Effective. D.Special. 14.What do we learn about the 1939 meeting? A.Many schoolkids were invited. B.A prize was chosen to award a winner. C.Cyr was appointed as a transportation official. D.The color yellow was selected for school buses. 15.Why is yellow a distinet color for the eye? A.It has different wavelengths. B.It determines photoreceptor cells. C.It affects two cones al the same time. D.It covers the most visibility range. 16.What can be a suitable title of this text? A.Why Are School Buses Yellow? B.Cyr:Father of School Buses C.1939:a Year of School Bus Standards D.What Vehicles Are Safe for Kids? 第8讲 体裁破解 议论文 〈高频考点 研析透 议论文，也叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。文章主要是中外广泛关注的 社会话题和热点问题，作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等手法，大多以“总一分一总”的结构行文，即“提出问 题一分析问题一解决问题”。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证，其目的是说服他人、宣扬观点，或者说服读者 接受某种意见或采取某种行动。 ●辨明题类 议论文阅读理解难度相对比较大，命题角度多样化，细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题都有 可能出现。因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论 点、论证和论据，把握作者最后得出的结论。 ●技法点拨 研读首段，确定论点：议论文的主旨，即论点往往在首段，尤其是首段中有however,but等转折词时，其后的内 容便是论点。 细读中间段，把握论证方式：中间段是文章的主体部分，即论证部分，作者会用两个或两个以上的段落通过举 例、引用、对比、列数字，引用事实和理论等进行论证，这一部分往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应。 关注尾段，理解结论：尾段是结论部分，要弄清楚作者所得出的结论。 052 真题体验 (2024·全国甲卷·阅读理解D) “I didnt like the ending， "I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate， and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot， and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie， with all his patience， asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters， endings that sat is lied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome. o course， I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver， but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me， and In ever thought about endings the same way again. From the n on， if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy， I'd pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess， I'd pick up a mystery(悬疑小说) .One where I kind of knew what was going to happen， historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end-that's hard. It's hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending thats unpredictable， but doesnt seem to come from nowhere， one that fits what’s right for the characters. That's why this issue(期) of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. If it's shortstories， Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue wont tell you what your ending should be—that's up to you and the story you're telling—but it might provide what you need to get there. 32.Why did the author go to Prof.Gracie? A.To discuss a novel. B.To submit a book report. C.To argue for a writer. D.To ask for a reading list. 33.What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A.Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B.Readers are often carried away by characters. C.Each type of literature has its unique end. D.A story which begins well will end well. 34.What is expected of a good ending? A.It satisfies readers taste. B.It fits with the story development. C.It is usually positive. D.It is open for imagination. 35.Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A.To give examples of great novelists. B.To stress the theme of this issue. C.To encourage writing for the magazine. D.To recommend their new books. 【解题示范】第一步：浏览全文，把握主旨大意：文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结 局的思考， 接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点， 最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer's Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。 第二步：细审题干，定位原文 第32小题：根据题干主要信息，定位第段。 第33小题：根据题干主要信息，定位第段。 第34小题：根据题干主要信息，定位第段。 第35小题：根据题干主要信息，定位倒数第段。 第三步：仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。 在文中找到信息区间后，再仔细对比各选项，确定答案。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段“I didnt like the ending， 'I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate， and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot， and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie， with all his patience， asked me to ●053 think about it beyond whether I liked it or not..(‘我不喜欢这个结局，'我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大 三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》， 读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢。)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授 是为了讨论小说。故选 33.推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me,and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on,if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy,I'd pick up a love romance.If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess,I'd pick up a mystery ()One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction.Choosing what to read became easier..(这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的 结局。从那时起，如果我想读一一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结 局，我会选一本悬疑小说。一种是我有点知道会发生什么，那就是历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了。)” 可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选 34.推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end-一hat's hard.l's hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers.You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable,but doesn't seem to come from nowhere,one that fits what's right for the characters..(但是写出结局一那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对 读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的 设定。)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的 发展。故选 35.写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“That's why this issue(期)of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing.If it's short stories,Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.(这就是为什么这期 《Writer's Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得 ·豢特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大 小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中。)”可知，作者提到彼得 ·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer's Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选 模批精练 提考能 } (2024·内蒙古赤峰市高三一模】 The needs of plus-size consumers have long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan ()that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind.This size-inclusive (trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture.As a result,fashion brands have finally decided to extend their size ranges.In 2022,the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standand size market in both North America and the UK. Yet,many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive."Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion,not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,"says Marie Southard Ospina,a UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues."However,what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop.This is even more disrespectful." Researchers also criticize that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend."Brands that used to promote so- called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes.It doesn't feel like they really care about plus-size people,"says Tom Burgess,analyst in fashion industry."If brands cared about large- bodied consumers,then it wouldn't have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,"he says."It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community." The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world.The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers.That involves showing shoppers that they are seen,understood and important to brands."Consumers care about values,and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in.Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,"says Ludovica Cesareo,professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US. 054 1.What does the author indicate by mentioning"the elephant in the room"? A.The demands of plus-size consumers have been ignored for ages. B.The demands of plus-size consumers are of high cost. C.A problem may do harm to the environment and animals. D.A problem needs enough time and space to be solved. 2.What is true size inclusion in the eyes of many consumers? A.To promote plus-size market. B.To broaden fashion brands. C.To enlarge clothing to standard sizes. D.To consider and satisfy all bodies. 3.For what do researchers mainly criticize some brands? A.Their designs. B.Their quality. C.Their intention. D.Their advertisements. 4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A.Fashion brands have truly achieved size inclusion,yes or no? B.Plus-size consumers should also be stylish,for or against? C.Fashion industry explores in body-diverse market,all or nothing? D.Brands should refleet consumers'values,true or false? B (2024·安徽省池州市高三二模)】 How do we come to make sense of our daily lives?How can we gain a strong grasp of who we really are and how we fit in the world?And how can we naturally connect to important ones in our lives?"Life stories are one of the prime tools we have for understanding ourselves and the world around us,"says Robyn Fivush,a professor at Emory University. Humans are natural storytellers.We use stories to understand our present,draw insights from our past,and anticipate the future.Thus,storytelling is basic to our lives.As a form of rich engagement between family members, family storytelling should be valued more.Sharing bedtime stories and talks after school,or talking through an event that left a young child crying-these are all opportunities for parents and children to become closer through warmth, understanding and support.Fivush and her colleagues have underscored the value of storytelling in parenting.The ways parents support children's emotions and help them retell more vivid,richly detailed stories have lasting impacts on children's cognitive(认知的)and emotional development. Children and teenagers learn how to talk about their lives from family stories.An early example is leaming how to present a detailed story with a beginning,a middle,and an end-to give it a clear structure.Further,they learn what is appropriate to talk about or avoid and what feelings are appropriale to share over dinner or out with others. When growing up,we use our life stories to build complex and stable views of ourselves.Through stories about the traditions maintained over the years,we make connections between past successes and failures,our relationships,and the activities that hold meaning to us to develop our new identities.These identities reflect our roles as family members, community members,co-workers and so on,thus helping us have a more complete view of ourselves. Having a lasting impact on ourselves and those around us,life stories are filled with meaning,insight,and value. By the way,what's the story that stands out to you from a recent meal or chat? 5.Why does the writer ask three questions in the beginning? A.To explain a general idea. B.To give background information. C.To introduce an argument. D.To report the finding of a study. 6.What does the underlined word "underscored"in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Cast doubt on. B.Attached importance to. C.Shown concern for. D.Thought poorly of. 7.How can life stories help form a complete view of ourselves according to the writer? A.By maintaining social ties. B.By rebuilding our identities. C.By connecting our past and future. D.By leaming from family members. 055 8.Where is the text most probably taken from? A.A review on a storybook. B.An advice letter for social life C.A guidebook to parenting. D.An essay on the value of storytelling. C (2024·山东省青岛市高三一模】 At a conference last week,I received an interesting piece of advice:"Assume you are wrong."The advice came from Brian Nosek,a fellow psychology professor.He wasn't objecting to any particular elaim I'd made-he was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.and for encouraging others to do the same. To understand the context for Nosek's advice,we need to take a step back-to the nature of science itself.Despite what many of us leamed in elementary school,there is no single scientific method.Just as scientific theories change,so do scientific methods. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force,sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires.But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks,and for scientific arguments to develop into personal battles.Beginning,instead,from the assumption you are wrong,a criticism is easier to be viewed as a helpful pointer,a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong-a goal that your critic probably shares. Nosek's advice may sound pessimistic,but it's not so foreign to science.Philosophers of science sometimes refer to the "pessimistic meta-induction ()"on the history of science:All of our past scientific theories have been wrong, so surely our current theories will turn out to be wrong,too.That doesn't mean we haven't made progress,but it does indicate that there is always room for improvement-ways to be less wrong. I like the advice because it builds in an awareness of our limitations and a readiness to accept the unknown ("there are things I do not know!")along with a sense that we can do better ("there are things I do not know yet!").It also builds in a sense of community-we're all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.Perhaps the focus on a shared goal-our goal as scientists and humans of being less wrong-can help make up for any harm in scientific motivation or communication. 9.Why did Nosek send the advice? A.To express opinions about my claims. B.To remind me to be open to criticism. C.To encourage me to take up science. D.To better my understanding of psychology. 10.How does assuming you are wrong help? A.It motivates scientists to make efforts B.It addresses personal attacks and conflicts. C.It sets a constructive improvement goal. D.It contributes to a deeper insight into yourself. 11.What does the author think of science theories? A.Dynamic. B.Testable. C.Pioneering. D.Well-established. 12.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Accept the Unknown B.Aim to Be Less Wrong C.Get Engaged in Psychology D.Dig into the Nature of Science 0 (2024·浙江省天域联盟高三二模】 I'm always cautious of the tired saying."If it doesn't kill you,it'll make you stronger."I mean,what about polio (小儿庥症)？Or loads of other horrible things that if you survive,you're left searred in one way or another.. For many years I worked in a specialist NHS clinic for people with eating disorders,which are greatly misunderstood and connected with vanity(虚荣)when instead it's usually about control or even profound trauma(精神创伤).Eating disorders have the highest mortality of any mental illness,with one in five of those with an eating disorder dying from it. Treatment for it is long,tough and tiring.So,it's fair to say it's not something to be taken lightly. Yet I was often surprised by how many patients-patients with all sorts of other conditions too,from depression to cancer-would tell me how the experience had changed them for the better after receiving treatment.It's not so much that what doesn't kill you makes you stronger;more,it might make you more understanding of yourself and more sensitive to the battles and struggles of others.It can also give people a sense of determination and perseverance they never had before. 056 I had one patient who was an addict and alcoholic besides suffering eating disorder.She was frequently rushed into hospital and was sometimes at a real risk of dying.However,after years of hard work,she stopped drinking,stopped using drugs and her eating disorder improved.She got back into work and started doing several courses to get promoted. Actually.she had gone through numerous intense and exhausting interviews before landing a job,but she said whenever she felt she couldn't handle it or doubted her capabilities,she reminded herself that nothing would ever be worse or harder than what she had already gone through.She managed to make the most of her life and tum her life around. 13.What does the author think of the old mantra? A.Always applicable. B.Totally absurd. C.Partially right. D.Quite misleading. 14.What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 possibly mean? A.The number of deaths. B.The possibility of being cured. C.The rate of getting mentally hurt. D.The chance of having mental illness. 15.How does the experience influence patients according to paragraph 3? A.It leads to a changeable attitude. B.It makes no noticeable difference. C.It builds up their physical strength. D.It fosters self-awareness and sympathy. 16.What can we learn about the patient mentioned in the last paragraph? A.She continued harmful habits. B.She relied only on medication. C.She always believed in herself. D.She became stronger and tougher. 第9讲 体裁破解 一新闻报道 高频考点 研析透 新闻报道一般突出新闻性，作者要避免对该新闻事件进行主观判断和评价。新闻报道的内容真实，新鲜、及 时，趣味可读，时效性强。第一句往往为全文的中心句，下文要叙述事件的过程和细节。新闻报道的一些常用语 包括：It is reported that.,,As is reported.,,According to the report,,,It is estimated that..,,等，时态一般用过去 时，语言客观平实，往往没有过分花哨的词汇和过于复杂的句型。 ●辨明题类 新闻报道主要是提供事实信息，一般是简单叙述事件发生的五要素及各方反应，很少探究事件背后的原因。 因此，做题时要关注新闻报道的结构和细节，题型主要为观点推断题、考查语篇衔接、推断某一特定词或者短语的 指代内容或主旨归纳题。 ●技法点拨 1,研读导语：首段通常是导语，说明文章的中心人物或事件，即文章的主题。 2.直击题干：判断题目类型，找出定位词。 3.定位信息：根据定位词，在原文中找出关键句，对照选项确定答案。 ●真题体验 (2023·浙江1月卷·阅读理解C) A machine can now not only beat you at chess,it can also outperfomm you in debate.Last week,in a public debate in San Francisco,a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents,including Noa Ovadia,Israel's fommer national debating champion. Brilliant though it is,Project Debater has some weaknesses.It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together.This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out,yet they also point to a fundamental problem.As Kristian Hammond,professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University,put it:"There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about."第T讲!体裁破解!!!议论文 高频考点#研析透 一!二!三!二!$!"!3!3 模拟精练#提考能 ! !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇议论文! 文章主要介绍了很多 品牌推出了大码衣服#却只是为了迎合尺码包容这一趋势#而并 非真正的满足客户的需要! 品牌如果真的想要取得成功#就需 要关心消费者的价值观! %@$!推理判断题! 根据"12&,0:*=75*),&,/,&762= 86&6??(5&62?( -*/(-(2&)5+*-*&(= &'()0*962 $口号% &'6&06+9(K:*=,(= 5(*50( 6+(2*&&'*)(<'*6+(0(8&:(',2= $直到对身体的积极态度和对 肥胖的接受运动提出了这样的口号)体型大的人不是被遗忘 的人%'可知#通过指出大码消费者的需求是&'((0(5'62&,2 &'(+**-#作者想表达这是个"显而易见却被忽视的事实'#即 长期以来大码消费者的需求一直被忽视! 故选$! .@#!细节理解题! 根据第二段"A2?01),/(),b,29-(62)&'6&60 :*=,()6+(,2?01=(= ,2 86)',*2# 2*&P1)&&'(*2()<'*8,&,2 )&62=6+= ),b()$包容性尺码意味着所有身体都包含在时尚中# 而不仅仅是那些适合标准尺码的人%'可知#在许多消费者看 来#真正的尺码包容性是考虑并满足所有身材的要求! 故 选#! 4@"!推理判断题! 根据第三段"*A8:+62=)?6+(= 6:*1&06+9(K :*=,(= ?*2)1-(+)# &'(2 ,&<*10=2O&'6/(&6;(2 12&,02*< &* 6?;2*<0(=9(&'6&&'(7(L,)&#, '()67)@*A&9,/()&'(,-5+()),*2 &'6&?*-562,()6+(P1)&&+7,29&*96,2 6)'6+(*8&'(-6+;(&<,&'*1& 6+(60?*--,&-(2&&*&'(?*--12,&7@,$他说道)*如果品牌关心 大码消费者#那么它就不会直到现在才承认他们的存在! 这 给人的印象就是#公司只是想要在市场上占有一席之地#而不 是真正的对社区做出承诺!,%'可知#研究者认为这些品牌并 不是真正地关心大码消费者#而只是为了在市场上占有一席 之地! 因此#研究者是因为品牌的意图而批评他们! 故选"! U@$!标题归纳题! 通读全文可知#文章主要介绍了很多品牌推 出了大码衣服#却只是为了迎合尺码包容这一趋势#而并非真 正的满足客户的需要! 品牌如果真的想要取得成功#就需要 关心消费者的价值观! 所以#$项"时尚品牌已经真正实现了 尺寸包容性#是还是不是-'切题#是短文的最佳标题! 故 选$! + !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇议论文#主要探讨了生活故事在 个人身份认同和情感发展中的作用#以及家庭讲故事对亲子关 系的重要性! S@"!推理判断题! 根据第一段"M,8()&*+,()6+(*2(*8&'(5+,-( &**0)<('6/(8*+12=(+)&62=,29*1+)(0/()62= &'(<*+0= 6+*12= 1) $生活故事是我们了解自己和周围世界的主要工具之一%'可 知#第一段使用了三个问题是为了引出这一论点! 故选"! ]@3!词句猜测题! 根据"F'6+,29:(=&,-()&*+,()62= &60;)68&(+ )?'**0# *+&60;,29&'+*19' 62 (/(2&&'6&0(8&67*129?',0= ?+7,29+&'()(6+(60*55*+&12,&,()8*+56+(2&)62= ?',0=+(2 &* :(?*-(?0*)(+&'+*19' <6+-&'# 12=(+)&62=,2962= )155*+&@$分享 睡前故事和放学后的谈话#或者讨论清楚让孩子哭泣的事件# 这些都是父母和孩子通过温暖(理解和支持变得更亲密的机 会!%'以及"&'(/601(*8)&*+7&(0,29,2 56+(2&,29$讲故事在育儿 中的价值%'可知#画线词的含义为"重视'! 故选3! C@3!细节理解题! 根据倒数第二段"V'(2 9+*<,2915# <(1)( *1+0,8()&*+,()@@@1)'6/(6-*+(?*-50(&(/,(<*8*1+)(0/()@$在 成长过程中#我们用自己的生活故事来构建复杂而稳定的自 我观念! 通过讲述多年来保持的传统故事#我们在过去的成 败(人际关系以及对我们有意义的活动中建立联系#以发展我 们的新身份! 这些身份反映了我们作为家庭成员(社区成员( 同事等的角色#从而帮助我们对自己有一个更完整的认 识!%'可知#通过讲述生活故事来重建我们的身份#我们可以 建立起对自己的复杂而稳定的看法! 故选3! T@#!语篇出处题! 根据第一段"M,8()&*+,()6+(*2(*8&'(5+,-( &**0)<('6/(8*+12=(+)&62=,29*1+)(0/()62= &'(<*+0= 6+*12= 1)'(第二段"F'6+,29:(=&,-()&*+,()62= &60;)68&(+)?'**0# *+ <60;,29&'+*19' 62 (/(2&&'6&0(8&67*129?',0= ?+7,29+&'()(6+( 60*55*+&12,&,()8*+56+(2&)62= ?',0=+(2 &*:(?*-(?0*)(+&'+*19' <6+-&'# 12=(+)&62=,2962= )155*+&@'以及最后一段"D6/,296 06)&,29,-56?&*2 *1+)(0/()62= &'*)(6+*12= 1)# 0,8()&*+,()6+( 8,0(= <,&' -(62,29# ,2),9'&# 62= /601(@'可知#文章指出讲故事 是理解日常生活和了解自我的重要工具#并通过H,/1)' 教授 的观点以及家庭讲故事的例子说明了讲故事在生活中的重要 性! 可推理出#文章取自探讨讲故事的价值和重要性的文章! 故选#! 2 !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇议论文#主要讲述了作者对在科 学研究中$假设你是错的%这条建议的看法#并肯定了它所带来 的好处! B@3!推理判断题! 根据第一段"D(<6)2O&*:P(?&,29&*627 56+&,?106+?06,-AO= -6=(+'(<6)*8(+,296)&+6&(978*+51+)1,29 :(&(+)?,(2?(# 62= 8*+(2?*1+69,29*&'(+)&*=*&'()6-(@$他并 没有反对我的任何特定主张+++他提出了一个追求更好科学 的策略#并鼓励其他人也这样做!%'和第三段"3(9,22,29# ,2)&(6=# 8+*-&'(6))1-5&,*2 7*1 6+(<+*29# 6?+,&,?,)-,)(6),(+ &*:(/,(<(= 6)6'(058105*,2&(+# 6?*2)&+1?&,/()199()&,*2 8*+ '*<&*:(0())<+*29+69*60&'6&7*1+?+,&,?5+*:6:07)'6+()@$相 反#从你错了的假设开始#批评更容易被视为一个有用的提 示#一个如何减少错误的建设性建议+++这是你的批评者可 能也有的同样目标!%'可知#J*)(;提出的这条建议是一个追 求更好科学的策略#从假设自己错了开始#就会更容易接受批 评#让自己减少错误#是为了提醒作者对批评持开放态度! 故 选3! %Q@"!推理判断题! 根据第三段"3(9,22,29# ,2)&(6=# 8+*-&'( 6))1-5&,*2 7*1 6+(<+*29# 6?+,&,?,)-,)(6),(+&*:(/,(<(= 6)6 '(058105*,2&(+# 6?*2)&+1?&,/()199()&,*2 8*+'*<&*:(0()) <+*29+69*60&'6&7*1+?+,&,?5+*:6:07)'6+()@'可知# ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 假设你错 +!'#+ 了可以帮助你获得如何减少错误的建设性建议#而减少错误 或许是你和你的批评者的共同目标#由此可推测出#假设你 错了可以帮助设立一个建设性的改进目标! 故选"! %%@$!观点态度题! 根据第二段" 1̀)&6))?,(2&,8,?&'(*+,() ?'629(# )*=*)?,(2&,8,?-(&'*=)@$正如科学理论在变化#科学 方法也在变化!%'可知#作者认为科学理论是变化的(动态 的! 故选$! %.@3!标题归纳题! 通读全文#尤其根据第一段"$&6 ?*28(+(2?(06)&<((;# A+(?(,/(= 62 ,2&(+()&,295,(?(*86=/,?() *$))1-(7*1 6+(<+*29@,$在上周的一次会议上#我收到了一 条有趣的建议)*假设你错了!,%'和最后一段">(+'65)&'( 8*?1)*2 6)'6+(= 9*60+*1+9*606))?,(2&,)&)62= '1-62)*8 :(,290())<+*29+?62 '(05 -6;(15 8*+627'6+-,2 )?,(2&,8,? -*&,/6&,*2 *+?*--12,?6&,*2@$也许关注一个共同的目标+++ 我们作为科学家和人类的目标是减少错误+++可以帮助弥 补科学动机或沟通中的任何伤害!%'可知#本文主要讨论了 在科学研究中"假设你是错的'这个方法#它有助于让所有人 关注减少错误这一共同目标#从而让科学取得进步! 故 选3! 3 !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇议论文#主要论述了一名治疗饮 食功能失调症的专家通过分享他的工作经历#表达了自己对常 见说法$如果疾病没有杀死你#它会使你更强大%的看法! %4@"!观点态度题! 根据第一段"AO-60<67)?61&,*1)*8&'(&,+(= )67,29$我总是对这句疲倦的话持谨慎态度%'可知#作者对 这一说法持保留态度! 故选"! %U@$!词句猜测题! 根据"[6&,29=,)*+=(+)'6/(&'(',9'()& -*+&60,&7*8627-(2&60,02())# <,&' *2(,2 8,/(*8&'*)(<,&' 62 (6&,29=,)*+=(+=7,298+*-,&$饮食功能失调症是所有心理疾病 中-*+&60,&7最高的#五分之一患有饮食功能失调症的人会死 于这种疾病%'可推断画线词的意思应该是"死亡率'! 故 选$! %S@#!细节理解题! 根据第三段"A&O)2*&)*-1?' &'6&<'6& =*()2O&;,07*1 -6;()7*1 )&+*29(+. -*+(# ,&-,9'&-6;(7*1 -*+(12=(+)&62=,29*87*1+)(0862= -*+()(2),&,/(&*&'(:6&0() 62= )&+1990()*8*&'(+)@$并不是说那些杀不死你的东西都会 让你变得更强大.更重要的是#它可能会让你更加了解自己# 对他人的斗争和博斗更加敏感!%'中的,&指代上文提到的 "&'((L5(+,(2?('#这段经历能培养自我意识和同情心! 故 选#! %]@#!推理判断题! 根据最后一段"D*<(/(+# 68&(+7(6+)*8'6+= <*+;@@@-6;(&'(-*)&*8'(+0,8(62= &1+2 '(+0,8(6+*12=@$然 而#经过多年的努力#她戒酒(戒毒#饮食失调也得到改善! 她重新回到工作岗位#开始学习几门课程以获取晋升! 事实 上#在找到工作之前#她经历了无数次紧张而疲惫的面试#但 她说#每当她觉得自己无法应对或怀疑自己的能力时#她都 会提醒自己#没有什么比她已经经历的更糟糕或更困难的 了! 她成功地充分利用了自己的生活并扭转了自己的生 活!%'可知#事例中女病人在与吸毒(酗酒(饮食失调等做斗 争的过程中变得更强大(更坚韧! 故选#! 第B讲!体裁破解!!!新闻报道 高频考点#研析透 一!二!倒数第二!最后一!3!"!3!$ 模拟精练#提考能 ! !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇新闻报道! 文章主要介绍了一 名负责历史上最大的北极研究探险队安全任务的后勤协调员 e(+(26a*'615&! %@"!写作意图题! 根据第三段"E((5,2960**;*1&8*+:(6+)<6) 6+(9106+=1&78*+a*'615&# &'(0*9,)&,?)?**+=,26&*+$后勤协调 员% 8*+67(6+K0*29-,)),*2 ;2*<2 6)&'(aXF$,"+&'(06+9()& $+?&,?+()(6+?' (L50*+6&,*2 ,2 ',)&*+7@$a*'615&是一名后勤协调 员#负责为期一年的aXF$,"任务#这是历史上最大的北极研 究探险!%'并结合前两段对遇到北极熊时#a*'615&应对方式 的描述可知#作者在开头提到北极熊#是为了介绍a*'615&的 工作内容! 故选"! .@$!细节理解题! 根据第三段"H*+-*2&')@@@<'*2((=(= &* ;((5 &'(,+,2)&+1-(2&)8+*-),2;,29@$几个月来#探险一直在黑 暗中进行#北极熊在附近游荡#风暴摇晃着船#冰在移动和破 裂! 然后#当太阳返回时#冰开始融化#对需要防止仪器下沉 的研究人员来说#这是一场危及生命的危险和噩梦!%'可知# 探险工作的条件非常恶劣! 故选$! 4@#!推理判断题! 根据第四段"R6);(= <,&' &'()(?1+,&7*8&'( -,)),*2@@@0,;()&*+-K+*?;,2962= ,?(K?+6?;,29@$为了确保任务 的安全#a*'615&为参与者设计了一个广泛的培训课程#让他 们学习如何避免危险#比如风暴摇晃和冰裂!%'和"R'(7 0(6+2&'*<&*()?65(@@@'6/,29:((2 5+(56+(= 8*+&'(,)*06&,*2@ $他们学会了如何从坠毁的直升机中逃生! 他们还讨论了远 离家乡的心理影响! a*'615&带来了编织设备(瑜伽垫和一把 小提琴#以帮助他们的人保持心理健康+++尽管他们已经为 隔离做好了准备!%'可知#a*'615&有着过硬的专业知识和技 能#对工作认真负责! 故选#! U@3!标题归纳题! 根据最后一段"*F'(<6)&'(+(&*-6;()1+( &'6&<(<(+(5+*&(?&(=#, )67)a6+;1)d(L# *a*'615&,)?(+&6,207 &'(?'6-5,*2 ,2 &'(8,(0=@, $*她在那里确保我们受到保护#, a6+;1)d(L说#*a*'615&无疑是这个领域的冠军!,%'和全文 内容可知#文章主要介绍了a*'615&这名负责北极研究探险 队安全任务的优秀的后勤协调员#她是保护北极探险队成员 的天使! 故选3! + !!%语篇解读&!本文是一篇新闻报道#主要报道了澳大利亚 网球明星R'626),E*;;,26;,)在法网公开赛第二轮比赛中战胜了 一位前冠军而赢得了比赛! S@3!细节理解题! 根据第二段"A&<6)6'19(+(0,(88*+ E*;;,26;,)&*<,2# '6/,290*)&5+(/,*1)8,/()(&)# )(?*2= +*12= (5,?&*3+,&,)' ?'6-5,*2 $2=7a1+676&&'($1)&+60,62 X5(2 ,2 6̀216+7@$E*;;,26;,)在今年%月的澳网公开赛上#第二轮输掉 了与英国冠军$2=7a1+67史诗般的五盘大战的比赛#这场胜 利让他大大松了一口气!%'可知#在%月的澳大利亚网球公开 赛的获胜让他如释重负! 故选3 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! +#'#+