专题12 非谓语动词（课件）2025年中考二轮语法专题复习讲与练

中考二轮语法专题复习讲与练 专题10 非谓语动词 目录 动词不定式 01 动名词 02 现在分词与过去分词 03 04 即时训练 2 非谓语动词的概念 　在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。在初中英语中常见的非谓语动词的形式有：动词不定式，动名词，分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 01动词不定式 动词不定式：具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。其构成形式为：to +动词原形，也可以不用to，即,动词原形.to为不定式符号，无意义。否定式为：not + (to) do 一、不定式的句法功能： 1,作主语： To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 　　 常用句式有： 1)、It+be+名词+to do。 如，It is one’s duty/ turn /dream to do sth. It’s time to do sth. 2)、It takes sb.+some time+to do。 3)、It+be+形容词+(for/of) sb +to do。 注意：careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示人的品质的形容词，不定式前的sb用of.作其逻辑主语。其他时,sb前要用for. 如，It’s very kind/nice of you to help me. It’s very important for us to protect the environment 2．作宾语： 1)常接不定式做宾语连用的动词有： would like,want,hope,wish,plan,expect,decide,try,learn,refuse,help,agree，offer， dare,fail,need,promise等。 如， Would you like to see a movie this evening? 口诀记忆如下（找出口诀中对应的接不定式作宾语的动词）： 想要满分需努力，希望愿望记心间。 期待成功早决定，完美计划莫拖延。 为避失败拒躺平，互帮互学解疑难。 师长叮咛要同意，敢于比拼承诺圆。 want,would like,need,try; hope,wish. except, decide; plan. fail,refuse; help, learn. agree; dare, promise 2)在find,think后加不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，其句型为：find/think + it +形容词+ to do. 例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。 3)常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式(即动词原形)： Why not do---？= Why don't you do---? had better (not) do---, would rather do---,prefer to do---, would/could/will you please (not) do---?  3．作宾语补足语： 1）动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词： ask,tell,want,would like,allow,warn,encourage,teach,advise,help,wish,order,invite 等. 可以理解为结构： ask/ tell / want/ allow/ encourage/ warn sb (not) to do sth 如，My mother wants me to drink milk .我母亲想要我喝牛奶。 My parents often tell me not to play in the street.我父母常告诉我不要在街上玩。 注意，help sb (to) do.help后面的动词可以用动词原形也可以加to。如， I often help mom (to) cook.我经常帮助妈妈做饭。 2), 不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况： 若不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词make，let，have（表示“让、使”）、感官动词see，watch，look at，find， notice，hear，listen to， feel 时，不定式符号to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为口诀：“三使五看两听一感觉”。 可以理解为结构：make/let sb do; see/ find/ watch/ hear/ feel sb do 例如： Let's go！走吧！ 　　He saw the thief steal a lady’s cellphone. 　但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 即主动省to.被动加to. 如： I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。 　　He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。 4．作表语： 　　Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。 　　He seems to catch a cold. 他似乎感冒了 5．作定语： 　　动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词常有动宾关系： 　　I have too much work to do. 我有许多活要做。 6．作状语： 　　不定式作状语时初中阶段重点掌握不定式表目的： 　　He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。 　　To make things easier,some people would rather just give money. 为了省事，有些人你原直接送钱。　　 7.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词 what,when,who,where,which,how等连用。 即,疑问词+to do. 如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。 The teacher is telling the students what to do and how to do it. 老师正在告诉学生们做什么及怎么做。   02 动名词 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能,一般由动词原形+-ing构成。 否定式：not + 动名词 动名词的句法功能： 1，作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 2．作表语： His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。　 3．作宾语： They haven't finished building the hospital. 他们还没有建好医院。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 注意：要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,keep,consider,miss,mind,practise等。 口诀记忆如下（找出口诀中对应的接动名词作宾语的动词）： 坚持练习莫介意，完成目标享乐趣。 宝贵建议别错过，避免失误细考虑。 keep, practice, mind; finish,enjoy suggest,miss; avoid, consider 注意： 1.一般说来，介词后的动词要加-ing。以下结构中的to是介词不是不定式符号。 be /get/used to(习惯于做------), look forward to, pay attention to 如， Tom used to ride a bike to school, but now he is used to walking to school. 2.固定搭配 be busy/ worth/ comfortable doing; spend…doing ; have fun/a good time/problems/trouble/a hard(difficult)time doing. 如， We had fun spending time playing with children. 3.有些动词既可以加动词不定式作宾语又可以加-ving作宾语，但所表达的意 义不同。 1） remember/forget to do sth: 记得/忘记要做的事。 remember/forget doing sth ：记得/忘记曾经做的事。 2） stop to do sth :停下来做某事； stop doing sth：停止做某事。 　4．作定语：表明所修饰词的用途，所属关系等，用于所修饰词之前。 　　He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 　　Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？ 03 现在分词与过去分词 一、现在分词 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 现在分词的形式：动词原形+-ing。 否定式：not + 现在分词 现在分词的句法功能： 1.作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 【注】现在分词在句中作定语表示一个正在进行或将要发生的动作，它与中心词之间存在主谓关系。 如， There are some people waiting for a bus. (There be +sb/sth + -ving) ．2.作宾语补足语： 　　如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语： 　　see,watch,hear,feel,find,keep,notice,listen to,look at,leave等。例如： 　　Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ 　　He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 注意： 动词原形和现在分词作宾补的区别 感官动词 see，watch，look at，find， notice，hear，listen to， feel等词加动词原形作宾补表示已经完成或经常性的动作，加-ving作宾补表示动作正在进行着。 如，see/hear sb do sth:看见/听见某人经常/已做某事； see/hear sb doing sth: 看见/听见某人正在做某事。 I often hear him sing in the classroom. Listen, you can hear him singing in the classroom. 我经常听见他在教室里唱歌。听， 你就会听到他正在教室里唱歌。 　3．现在分词作状语： ①作时间状语：常见when,while, before/after 等+ving While leaving the room, please turn off the lights. ②作方式状语，表示伴随： He stayed at home,cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。 The student went out of the classroom,talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出教室。 ③ 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights burning,he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 二、过去分词 过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则，要求，要一一记住。 1.过去分词作定语： 注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 【注】过去分词作定语，表示一个已完成或被动的动作，它与中心词之间存在动宾关系。 如，Do you know the girl called Lucy? He likes the books written by Hanhan.  They are talking about the photos taken by children from Yushu.　　 　2．过去分词作宾语补足语： I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语： With the work done,they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。 【注】过去分词作宾补时多表被动，常见结构有： have/get/make/+sb/sth+done. 如，He’ll have his hair cut after school. He spoke loudly so that he could make himself heard by everyone. 04即时训练 1. I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered __________ (take)me to watch an opera. 2. When you leave, please turn off the lights __________ (save)energy. 3. The joke was so funny that it made him __________ (laugh)again and again. 4. I still like those good old songs I often listened to __________ (enjoy)myself in my spare time. 5. Tony, remember __________ (not, talk)with your mouth full of food. 答案: 1. to take　2. to save　3. laugh　4. to enjoy 5. not to talk 6. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after __________ (run)for such a long time. 7. —Jane’s spoken English is pretty good. —Yeah, she works hard and practices __________ (speak)it both in and out of class. 8. —Do you think it will stop __________ (rain)by noon? —Well, it is really hard to say. 9. A group of middle school students spent two weeks ______ (trek)through the jungle. 10. Tina is so shy that she is afraid of __________ (speak)in front of a group. 答案: 6. running　7. speaking　8. raining　9. trekking 10. speaking 11. The students are sitting in the classroom, __________ (do)their homework. 12. Grandpa Li is old and he has trouble __________ (hear)what others say to him. 13. —I’m sorry to have kept you __________ (wait)for such a long time. —It doesn’t matter. 14. Look! There are some birds __________ (fly)in the sky. They are very beautiful. 15. We found a little boy __________ (cry)in the corner when we passed by. 答案: 11. doing　12. hearing　13. waiting　14. flying　15. crying Thank you for listening. $$