专题11 动词语态（课件）-2025年中考二轮语法专题复习讲与练

中考二轮语法专题复习 讲与练 专题9-2 动词语态 1 目录 01 语态的基本概念 02 被动语态的结构 03 使用场景及注意事项 04 答题技巧及即时训练 01语态的基本概念 1. 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者（发出者）。 例句：We clean the room every day. （主语“we”执行“clean”的动作） 2. 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者（主语是主动语态句子中的宾语）。 -例句：The room is cleaned every day. （主语“the room”承受“被清洁”的动作） 02 被动语态的结构 被动语态的基本构成形式： 主语+助动词be+过去分词 初中阶段重点掌握一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。 常用时态的被动语态见下表： 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is /are +p.p. The lights are usually turned on at 6:30. 一般过去时 was/ were +p.p. Our school was built in 1998. 一般将来时 will be +p.p. The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 含有情态动词 情态动词+be +p.p. This job must be done as soon as possible. 了解其他时态的被动语态 时态 结构 例句 现在完成时 has/have +been+过去分词 The bank has been built. 现在进行时 am/is/are +being+过去分词 The car is being repaired. 过去进行时 was/were +being+过去分词 The machine was being painted then. 03使用场景及注意事项 被动语态用法 1. 强调动作承受者（而非执行者）： - 主动：My mom made this cake. - 被动：This cake was made by my mom.（强调蛋糕） 2. 动作执行者未知或不重要： - The old bridge was built in 1950.（谁建的？不重要） 3. 避免主观表述（常见于说明文、科学文章）： - The results will be announced next week. 被动语态的特殊注意事项 1.及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（如 happen, appear, belong to）无被动形式： - ❌ The accident was happened last night. - ✅ The accident happened last night. 2. 主动表被动的情况（感官动词/系动词）： - The flowers smell sweet.（不用被动） - The silk dress feels soft. 3. 双宾语的被动转换： - 主动：He gave me a book. - 被动1：A book was given to me. - 被动2：I was given a book. 4.如主动句中宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变成被动语态后要加to. 常见的结构有：make/let/hear/see/---sb do sth ---- →sb be made /let/heard/seen/---to do sth 如， I saw him go to the church. He was seen to go to the church. 04 答题技巧及即时训练 解题技巧 1. 判断是否需要被动语态： 找主语和动词的关系，主语是“承受者”则用被动。 2. 注意时态一致性： 主句是过去时，从句被动语态也要对应（如过去完成时）。 3. 注意固定搭配： - be made of（可见原材料） / be made from（不可见原材料） - be used to do（被用来做某事） / be used for doing（用途） 即时训练 1. The new library ______ (build) in our city next year. 2. Many trees ______ (plant) on the hill last spring. 3. When you ________ （give）a difficult task, try to continue with it and finish it. 4. More chances _____ (provide)for students to learn from each other if working in groups. 5.Children should ______ (educate)to be honest from a young age. 1 答案：1.will be built 2.were planted 3. are given 4. are provided 5. be educated 总结： 被动语态的核心是 “be动词 + 过去分词”，需结合时态灵活变化。做题时先判断主语是“执行者”还是“承受者”，再选择对应语态，注意时态和动词形式的匹配。 Thank You for Listening ! $$