重难点05.核心基础知识之时态与语态-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(浙江专用)

重难点05 核心基础知识之时态与语态 ‌中考英语时态与语态考情分析 ‌考点‌ ‌考查频率‌ ‌常见题型‌ ‌示例‌ ‌命题趋势 ‌一般现在时‌ ★★★★★ 单项选择、完形填空 He often ‌plays‌ basketball after school. （描述习惯性动作）‌ ‌语境化判断时态：减少单纯依赖关键词的题目，更多通过上下文语境判断时态（如短文填空和完形填空）；‌ ‌综合应用能力考查：书面表达（尤其图表作文）要求结合数据选择时态，并正确使用被动语态描述客观事实‌； ‌语态与图表结合：被动语态在科技、环保类话题中占比上升（如“The environment ‌is protected‌ by new laws”）； ‌错误辨析能力考查：增加对时态和语态常见错误的辨析（如“I had knew”错误，正确为“I had known”）‌ ‌一般过去时‌ ★★★★☆ 短文填空、作文 I ‌visited‌ my grandparents last weekend. （过去事件描述）‌ ‌一般将来时‌ ★★★☆☆ 单项选择、书面表达 We ‌will celebrate‌ our anniversary next month. （未来计划）‌ ‌现在进行时‌ ★★★★☆ 句子翻译、补全对话 She ‌is cooking‌ dinner in the kitchen. （当前正在进行的动作）‌ ‌现在完成时‌ ★★★★☆ 单项选择、完形填空 I ‌have finished‌ my homework. （已完成动作对现在的影响）‌ ‌过去进行时‌ ★★☆☆☆ 完形填空、补全句子 They ‌were watching‌ TV when I called. （过去某一时刻正在进行的动作）‌ ‌被动语态‌ ★★★★☆ 单项选择、句型转换 The book ‌was written‌ by Lu Xun. （一般过去时被动语态）‌ ‌时态混合 应用‌ ★★★☆☆ 书面表达、图表作文 图表作文中需根据数据变化选择时态（如描述趋势用一般现在时或过去时）‌ 备考重点建议：‌ ‌重点掌握‌：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和被动语态，结合语境灵活运用‌。 ‌强化训练‌：图表类书面表达的时态选择（如趋势分析用一般现在时，数据描述用过去时）‌。 ‌易错点规避‌：注意时态与语态的结构搭配（如被动语态中be动词的时态一致性）‌。 【情境解读】 【重难诠释】 中考英语时态与语态重难点分析 ‌考点‌ ‌重难点分析‌ ‌示例‌ ‌易错点及注意事项‌ ‌一般现在时‌ ① 第三人称单数动词加‌-s/-es‌； ② 时间状语从句中“主将从现”规则。 She ‌watches‌ TV every evening. If it ‌rains‌, we ‌will stay‌ at home. 忘记第三人称单数变形；混淆从句与主句时态搭配。 ‌一般过去时‌ ① 不规则动词过去式变形； ② 与‌last year/yesterday‌等过去时间状语的搭配。 He ‌bought‌ a book yesterday. They ‌didn’t go‌ to the park. 误用动词原形代替过去式（如“He go to school”）；混淆过去时与现在完成时。 ‌现在完成时‌ ① ‌have/has + 过去分词‌； ② 区分“已完成动作”与“持续动作”。 I ‌have finished‌ my homework. She ‌has lived‌ here ‌for 10 years‌. 混淆‌since‌与‌for‌的用法；误用过去时代替完成时（如“I did it already”）。 ‌被动语态‌ ① ‌be + 过去分词‌的结构； ② 不同时态下‌be动词‌的变化（如一般过去时：was/were + done）。 The cake ‌was eaten‌ by Tom. New laws ‌are made‌ to protect the environment. 遗漏‌be动词‌（如“The book written by him”）；混淆主动语态与被动语态的时态一致性。 ‌时态混合应用‌ 根据语境灵活切换时态（如过去进行时与一般过去时搭配）。 When I ‌called‌ him, he ‌was reading‌. By 2020, she ‌had learned‌ 3 languages. 在复合句中错误搭配时态（如“When I arrive, he was sleeping”）。 ‌现在进行时‌ ① ‌am/is/are + doing‌； ② 与‌now/look!‌等标志词搭配。 Listen! The birds ‌are singing‌. He ‌is writing‌ a letter at the moment. 混淆现在进行时与一般现在时（如“He plays basketball now”）。 ‌过去完成时‌ ① ‌had + 过去分词‌； ② 表示“过去的过去”，常与‌by/before‌等时间状语连用。 By the time we arrived, the train ‌had left‌. She ‌had finished‌ her work by 8 PM. 误用过去完成时描述单一过去事件（如“I had went to school”）。 典型错误举例： 1.‌被动语态易错点例析‌： 错误：The problem solved by him.（缺少‌be动词‌） 正确：The problem ‌was solved‌ by him. ‌ 2.‌现在完成时标志词‌： 错误：I have known her since 3 years.（‌since‌后接时间点） 正确：I have known her ‌for 3 years‌. ‌ 3.‌时态混合应用‌： 错误：When he comes, I watched TV.（主从句时态矛盾） 正确：When he ‌came‌, I ‌was watching‌ TV. ‌ 备考核心‌建议：‌ ‌强化基础结构‌：重点记忆不规则动词过去式（如‌go→went‌）和被动语态公式（‌be + 过去分词‌）‌； ‌语境判断训练‌：通过完形填空和短文改错题，练习根据上下文选择正确时态‌； ‌对比易混淆时态‌：现在完成时（‌have done‌）vs. 一般过去时（‌did‌）‌；过去进行时（‌was doing‌）vs. 一般过去时（‌did‌）‌； 【高分技巧】 一、时态基本概念‌ 时态是表示‌动作发生时间‌和‌状态‌的动词形式。中考常考以下8种核心时态： ‌时态‌ ‌概念‌ ‌结构‌ ‌时间状语示例‌ ‌例句‌ ‌一般现在时‌ 描述习惯性动作、客观事实或当前状态。常用时间状语：always, often, every day等。 动词原形（第三人称单数加‌-s/-es‌） usually, sometimes She ‌reads‌ English every morning. ‌ ‌一般过去时‌ 表示过去发生的动作或状态。时间状语如yesterday, last year等。 动词过去式（规则/不规则变形） ago, in 2020 He ‌played‌ basketball yesterday. ‌ ‌现在进行时‌ 表示当前正在进行的动作。时间状语如now, at the moment等。 am/is/are + doing look!, listen! They ‌are studying‌ in the classroom now. ‌ ‌过去进行时‌ 描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与when/while连用。 was/were + doing at 8 PM yesterday, when I called She ‌was cooking‌ when the phone rang. ‌ ‌现在完成时‌ 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，或从过去持续到现在的动作。 have/has + 过去分词 since, for, already I ‌have finished‌ my homework. ‌ ‌过去完成时‌ 表示“过去的过去”，即在过去某一时间点前已完成的动作。 had + 过去分词 by the time, before By 2020, she ‌had learned‌ 3 languages. ‌ ‌一般将来时‌ 描述未来计划或预测的动作。时间状语如tomorrow, next week等。 will/shall + do 或 be going to in the future, soon We ‌will visit‌ the museum tomorrow. ‌ ‌被动语态‌ 强调动作的承受者而非执行者。结构为：‌be + 过去分词‌。 不同时态下be动词需相应变化 无固定时间状语，需结合上下文 The cake ‌was eaten‌ by Tom. （一般过去时被动语态） ‌ ‌二、语态基本概念‌ (一)两种语态 语态分为‌主动语态‌和‌被动语态‌，核心区别如下： 1.‌主动语态‌：主语是动作的执行者。 例：He ‌wrote‌ a letter. （强调“他”执行了写作动作）‌ 2.‌被动语态‌：主语是动作的承受者，结构为‌be + 过去分词‌，执行者用by引出（可省略）。 例：The letter ‌was written‌ by him. （强调“信”被写） (二)语态转换 1.基础结构转换‌ (1)‌公式化转换‌ 主动语态 → 被动语态：‌主语（动作承受者） + be动词（对应时态） + 过去分词 + by + 执行者（可省略）‌ 主动句：Tom ate the cake. 被动句：The cake ‌was eaten‌ by Tom. ‌ (2)‌时态一致性原则‌ 转换时需保持原句时态，仅改变语态结构： 一般现在时：He ‌cleans‌ the room. → The room ‌is cleaned‌ by him. 现在完成时：She ‌has written‌ a book. → A book ‌has been written‌ by her. ‌ 2.特殊句型转换规则‌ (1)‌含双宾语的主动句‌ 优先将间接宾语（指人）变为主语： 主动句：My uncle gave ‌me‌ a present. 被动句：‌I‌ was given a present by my uncle. ‌ 直接宾语（指物）变为主语时需加介词： 被动句：A present ‌was given to me‌ by my uncle. ‌ (2)‌含动词短语的句子‌ 短语动词需整体转换，不可拆分介词/副词： 主动句：They ‌looked after‌ the child. 被动句：The child ‌was looked after‌ by them. （不可写为“looked after was”）‌ (3)‌含宾语补足语的句子‌ 宾补保留在被动语态中： 主动句：We ‌keep‌ the classroom ‌clean‌. 被动句：The classroom ‌is kept clean‌ by us. ‌ (三)易错点与注意事项‌ 1.‌遗漏be动词或过去分词‌ 错误：The problem solved by him. 正确：The problem ‌was solved‌ by him. ‌ 2.‌时态与主谓一致错误‌ 错误：The books ‌has been read‌ by her. 正确：The books ‌have been read‌ by her. ‌ 3.‌by短语的误用‌ 执行者为泛指（如people、someone）时可省略：The window ‌was broken‌ (by someone). ‌‌ ‌三、易混淆点总结‌ 1.‌时态选择误区‌ ‌现在完成时‌ vs. ‌一般过去时‌：现在完成时强调影响或持续性（I have lived here for 10 years）‌；一般过去时仅描述过去动作（I moved here in 2015）‌。 ‌主将从现规则‌：在条件或时间状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时：If it ‌rains‌, we ‌will stay‌ at home. ‌ 2.‌被动语态易错点‌ 遗漏be动词（错误：The problem solved → 正确：The problem was solved）‌； 混淆主动与被动语态的时态一致性（错误：The book is wrote by him → 正确：is written）‌。 ‌四、高频命题方向‌ ‌时态混合应用‌：复合句需根据上下文选择时态（如When I arrived, he was sleeping）‌。 ‌被动语态与话题结合‌：科技、环保类文章常考被动语态（如The environment should be protected）‌。 （建议用时：40分钟） 单项选择 1．Sometimes Tom with his parents ________ TV after dinner, but now they ________ books. A．is watching; read B．watch; are reading C．watches; are reading D．watches; read 2．Neither she nor I ______ a teacher in this school. A．am B．is C．was D．are 3．Not only Tim but also Sue and I ________ interested in DIY. We often make nice things. A．am B．are C．was D．were 4．I think one of the things that ________ me as a parent is the effect (影响) of some mobile Apps, like Tik Tok, on children. A．worry B．worries C．is worried about D．worrying 5．Ice ________ into water if it ________. A．will turn; heats B．can turn; is heated C．turns; heats D．turns; is heated 6．The palace caught fires three times in the last century and little of the original buildings ________ now. A．is remaining B．is remained C．remains D．has been remained 7．Look! Liu Tao ________ a new watch. It’s a birthday present from his grandfather. A．is having B．have C．are having D．has 8．While we ________ a video, some visitors ________ to our class. A．watched; were coming B．watched; came C．were watching; came D．were watching; were coming 9．There ________ a lot of stalls along the street, but now they all move out. A．used to be B．used to have C．had D．was 10．—Do you know ______? —Oh, he was short and thin, but he is different now. A．what he used to look like B．what did he use to look like C．what does he look like D．what he look like 11．—Miss Hu, I haven’t seen you for a long time. —Yes. I ________ as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back last weekend. A．worked B．am working C．have worked D．work 12．—Do you know ________ ? —He used to be shy. A．what was he like B．what he is like C．what did he use to like D．what he used to be like 13．There ________ a basketball match between Class 1 and Class 3 this afternoon. A．is going to be B．will have C．are going to be D．is going to have 14．I’m sure there ________ more trees in our city in the future. A．have B．will have C．are D．will be 15．There ______ a football match next week. A．will have B．is going to have C．is going to be D．are going to be 16．—Can you guess if they ________ to play soccer with us? —I think they will come if they ________ free. A．will come, will be B．come, will be C．come, are D．will come, are 17．—Sam, do you know if Alice ________ to my party next week? —I think she will come if she ________. A．will come; will be invited B．comes; is invited C．will come; is invited D．comes; will be invited 18．The TV news reports that there ________ a storm the day after tomorrow. A．is B．is going to be C．was D．is going to 19．—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting in two days? —He won’t, unless he ________. A．will attend, is invited B．attends, will be invited C．will attend, invites D．attends, is invited 20．Our school sports meeting will ________ on October 28. Will you ________ it? A．hold; join B．take place; join in C．happen; join D．have; take part in 21．—Where are you the whole afternoon? I called you five times. —Oh, I ________ for my exam these days. A．am preparing B．was preparing C．will prepare D．prepared 22．It is 7:00 p.m. The Black family ________ dinner now. A．are having B．is having C．have D．has 23．Where ________ you ________ on vacation next week? A．do, go B．did, go C．are, going D．have, gone 24．The Green family ________ to the south of the country next week. A．are going to move B．was moving C．are moving D．is moving 25．—Look out of the window! It ________ now. —Yes. It often ________ here in winter. But I like ________ days, because I like make snowmen with friends. A．snows; is snowing; snowy B．snow; is snowing; snow’s C．is snowing; snows; snow D．is snowing; snows; snowy 26．—What are you looking at, Mike? —My brother with his friends ________ photos in the park. A．take B．takes C．is taking D．are taking 27．—The number of COVID-19 patients ________ all over the world.   —Yes, a large number of patients ________ so far because of the virus (病毒). A．are increasing; died B．increases; has been dead C．increased; have died D．is increasing; have died 28．—Be careful! You might fall into the water. —Thank you. I ________ I ________ to the pool. A．didn’t know; was standing so close B．don’t know; am standing so closely C．didn’t know; am standing so close D．didn’t know; would stand so closely 29．—Can you tell me ________ at the time of the rainstorm? —Sorry, I don’t know. I wasn’t with him at that time. A．what your brother is doing B．what was your brother doing C．What did your brother do D．what your brother was doing 30．—How come you didn’t answer my phone yesterday? —Real Madrid CF, my favourite team, ________ FC Bayern Munich in the semi-final of UEFA Champions League yesterday. I ________ the match when you called me. A． beat; was watching B．beat; watched C．won; was watching D．won; watched 31．—Somebody knocked at the door just now. —Sorry, I ________ it. I ________ to the music at that time. A．wasn’t hearing; was listening B．didn’t hear; listened C．wasn’t hearing; listened D．didn’t hear; was listening 32．—I didn’t see you at the meeting yesterday. Why? —I ________ for a long distance call from my daughter in Canada. A．will wait B．have waited C．was waiting D．am waiting 33．—Why didn’t you go to the cinema with us this afternoon? —I ________ the project with my friends the whole afternoon. A．will discuss B．was discussing C．discussed D．am discussing 34．— Why didn’t you answer the door? — I ________ the flowers when the doorbell ________. A．watered; rang B．am watering; is ringing C．was watering; was ringing D．was watering; rang 35．While Thomas ________ a movie, he ________ asleep and missed the ending. A．was watching; fell B．were watching; fell C．watched; was falling D．were watching; was falling 36．—What ________ when I ________ you last night? —Nothing much. I was bored. A．were you doing; was calling B．did you do; called C．were you doing; called D．did you do; was calling 37．Tom, with his parents ________ to America. They ________ back in two weeks. A．have gone; will come B．has gone; will come C．has been; will come D．have been; will come 38．—Mike ________ a lot. He used to be a troublemaker, but now he is serious. —People sure change! I’m sure he’ll grow into a fine young man. A．changed B．will change C．is changed D．has changed 39．How many times ________ you ________ (be) to the museum? A．have; been B．do; be C．are; being D．will; be 40．As a traditional Chinese martial art (武术), Tai Chi ________ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. A．spreads B．is spreading C．will spread D．has spread 41．—Do you like playing table tennis? —Yes. I like playing it very much and I________ the Table Tennis Club of our school for two years. A． have joined B．become a member of C．have entered D．have been in 42．―What’s wrong with your computer? ―It ________ and requires ________. A．is broken down, to fix B．has broken down, fixing C．is broken down, to be fixed D．has broken down, to fix 43．—Great changes ________ in Wuhan in the last few years. —Yes, everything has changed a lot. A．take place B．have taken place C．were taken place D．have been taken place 44．What ________ you ________ to do when you ________ high school? A．do; want; finish B．will; to want; finish C．are; going; are going to finish D．are; want; are going to finish 45．—I doubt if he ________ to the party with us tonight. What do you think? —I believe if he ________ his homework tonight, he will go with us. A．will go; will finish B．will go; finishes C．goes; finishes D．goes; will finish 46．—Do you know if Jack ________ to my party this Saturday? —Don’t worry. If he ________, he will call you first. A．will come; will come B．comes; will come C．will come; comes D．comes; comes 47．If more and more wetlands disappear (消失), there ________ space for animals. A．is more and more B．is less and less C．will be little and little D．will be less and less 48．—I’d love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework _________. —If you don’t go, ___________. A．to do; so do I B．doing: so will C．to do; neither will I D．do; neither am I 49．This problem may lead to more serious ones if ________ unsolved. A．making B．left C．remained D．keeping 50．—Why do you look so worried? —My house ________ last night and a lot of valuable things ________. A．has been broken into; stealing B．broke into; to be stolen C．was broken into; stolen D．was broken into; was stolen 51．—Who will be the winner of this year’s school art festival? —No one can know the result until it ________ next Monday. A．announces B．is announced C．will announce D．will be announced 52．—I think it’s more and more important for us to protect our environment. —I agree with you. Air and water ________ seriously. A．is polluted B．are polluting C．polluted D．are being polluted 53．The farmer said the PLA men came to rescue timely when they ______ in the snowstorm. A．were trapping B．were being trapped C．are trapping D．are being trapped 54．This machine is very easy ________. Hundreds of workers ________ for this in the past two months. A．to operate; have been trained B．to operate; were trained C．to be operated; have been trained D．to be operated; were trained 55．Family values can ________ from generation to generation. A．be passed down B．be passed by C．pass down D．pass by 56．These kinds of pens ________ well. So they ________ out quickly in all the shops. A．are written; are sold B．write; are sold C．are written; sell D．write; sell 57．—Did you watch the movie last night? —No, I watched news about the mountain fire in Beibei. I wondered ________ there. A．what’s going on B．what happened C．how’s everything going D．what was happened 58．— Has your uncle returned from Shanghai? — Yes, he ________ there for a week and says he ________ there. A．stayed, wasn’t used to staying B．has stayed, didn’t use to staying C．has stayed, didn’t use to stay D．stayed, wasn’t used to stay 59．—Have you visited Russia, Lilian? —Yes, I ________ there for two weeks. A．studied B．was studying C．have studied D．studies 60．My brother is going to ______ an engineer when he _______ up. A．do; grow B．do; grows C．be; grow D．be; grows / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点05 核心基础知识之时态与语态 ‌中考英语时态与语态考情分析 ‌考点‌ ‌考查频率‌ ‌常见题型‌ ‌示例‌ ‌命题趋势 ‌一般现在时‌ ★★★★★ 单项选择、完形填空 He often ‌plays‌ basketball after school. （描述习惯性动作）‌ ‌语境化判断时态：减少单纯依赖关键词的题目，更多通过上下文语境判断时态（如短文填空和完形填空）；‌ ‌综合应用能力考查：书面表达（尤其图表作文）要求结合数据选择时态，并正确使用被动语态描述客观事实‌； ‌语态与图表结合：被动语态在科技、环保类话题中占比上升（如“The environment ‌is protected‌ by new laws”）； ‌错误辨析能力考查：增加对时态和语态常见错误的辨析（如“I had knew”错误，正确为“I had known”）‌ ‌一般过去时‌ ★★★★☆ 短文填空、作文 I ‌visited‌ my grandparents last weekend. （过去事件描述）‌ ‌一般将来时‌ ★★★☆☆ 单项选择、书面表达 We ‌will celebrate‌ our anniversary next month. （未来计划）‌ ‌现在进行时‌ ★★★★☆ 句子翻译、补全对话 She ‌is cooking‌ dinner in the kitchen. （当前正在进行的动作）‌ ‌现在完成时‌ ★★★★☆ 单项选择、完形填空 I ‌have finished‌ my homework. （已完成动作对现在的影响）‌ ‌过去进行时‌ ★★☆☆☆ 完形填空、补全句子 They ‌were watching‌ TV when I called. （过去某一时刻正在进行的动作）‌ ‌被动语态‌ ★★★★☆ 单项选择、句型转换 The book ‌was written‌ by Lu Xun. （一般过去时被动语态）‌ ‌时态混合 应用‌ ★★★☆☆ 书面表达、图表作文 图表作文中需根据数据变化选择时态（如描述趋势用一般现在时或过去时）‌ 备考重点建议：‌ ‌重点掌握‌：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和被动语态，结合语境灵活运用‌。 ‌强化训练‌：图表类书面表达的时态选择（如趋势分析用一般现在时，数据描述用过去时）‌。 ‌易错点规避‌：注意时态与语态的结构搭配（如被动语态中be动词的时态一致性）‌。 【情境解读】 【重难诠释】 中考英语时态与语态重难点分析 ‌考点‌ ‌重难点分析‌ ‌示例‌ ‌易错点及注意事项‌ ‌一般现在时‌ ① 第三人称单数动词加‌-s/-es‌； ② 时间状语从句中“主将从现”规则。 She ‌watches‌ TV every evening. If it ‌rains‌, we ‌will stay‌ at home. 忘记第三人称单数变形；混淆从句与主句时态搭配。 ‌一般过去时‌ ① 不规则动词过去式变形； ② 与‌last year/yesterday‌等过去时间状语的搭配。 He ‌bought‌ a book yesterday. They ‌didn’t go‌ to the park. 误用动词原形代替过去式（如“He go to school”）；混淆过去时与现在完成时。 ‌现在完成时‌ ① ‌have/has + 过去分词‌； ② 区分“已完成动作”与“持续动作”。 I ‌have finished‌ my homework. She ‌has lived‌ here ‌for 10 years‌. 混淆‌since‌与‌for‌的用法；误用过去时代替完成时（如“I did it already”）。 ‌被动语态‌ ① ‌be + 过去分词‌的结构； ② 不同时态下‌be动词‌的变化（如一般过去时：was/were + done）。 The cake ‌was eaten‌ by Tom. New laws ‌are made‌ to protect the environment. 遗漏‌be动词‌（如“The book written by him”）；混淆主动语态与被动语态的时态一致性。 ‌时态混合应用‌ 根据语境灵活切换时态（如过去进行时与一般过去时搭配）。 When I ‌called‌ him, he ‌was reading‌. By 2020, she ‌had learned‌ 3 languages. 在复合句中错误搭配时态（如“When I arrive, he was sleeping”）。 ‌现在进行时‌ ① ‌am/is/are + doing‌； ② 与‌now/look!‌等标志词搭配。 Listen! The birds ‌are singing‌. He ‌is writing‌ a letter at the moment. 混淆现在进行时与一般现在时（如“He plays basketball now”）。 ‌过去完成时‌ ① ‌had + 过去分词‌； ② 表示“过去的过去”，常与‌by/before‌等时间状语连用。 By the time we arrived, the train ‌had left‌. She ‌had finished‌ her work by 8 PM. 误用过去完成时描述单一过去事件（如“I had went to school”）。 典型错误举例： 1.‌被动语态易错点例析‌： 错误：The problem solved by him.（缺少‌be动词‌） 正确：The problem ‌was solved‌ by him. ‌ 2.‌现在完成时标志词‌： 错误：I have known her since 3 years.（‌since‌后接时间点） 正确：I have known her ‌for 3 years‌. ‌ 3.‌时态混合应用‌： 错误：When he comes, I watched TV.（主从句时态矛盾） 正确：When he ‌came‌, I ‌was watching‌ TV. ‌ 备考核心‌建议：‌ ‌强化基础结构‌：重点记忆不规则动词过去式（如‌go→went‌）和被动语态公式（‌be + 过去分词‌）‌； ‌语境判断训练‌：通过完形填空和短文改错题，练习根据上下文选择正确时态‌； ‌对比易混淆时态‌：现在完成时（‌have done‌）vs. 一般过去时（‌did‌）‌；过去进行时（‌was doing‌）vs. 一般过去时（‌did‌）‌； 【高分技巧】 一、时态基本概念‌ 时态是表示‌动作发生时间‌和‌状态‌的动词形式。中考常考以下8种核心时态： ‌时态‌ ‌概念‌ ‌结构‌ ‌时间状语示例‌ ‌例句‌ ‌一般现在时‌ 描述习惯性动作、客观事实或当前状态。常用时间状语：always, often, every day等。 动词原形（第三人称单数加‌-s/-es‌） usually, sometimes She ‌reads‌ English every morning. ‌ ‌一般过去时‌ 表示过去发生的动作或状态。时间状语如yesterday, last year等。 动词过去式（规则/不规则变形） ago, in 2020 He ‌played‌ basketball yesterday. ‌ ‌现在进行时‌ 表示当前正在进行的动作。时间状语如now, at the moment等。 am/is/are + doing look!, listen! They ‌are studying‌ in the classroom now. ‌ ‌过去进行时‌ 描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与when/while连用。 was/were + doing at 8 PM yesterday, when I called She ‌was cooking‌ when the phone rang. ‌ ‌现在完成时‌ 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，或从过去持续到现在的动作。 have/has + 过去分词 since, for, already I ‌have finished‌ my homework. ‌ ‌过去完成时‌ 表示“过去的过去”，即在过去某一时间点前已完成的动作。 had + 过去分词 by the time, before By 2020, she ‌had learned‌ 3 languages. ‌ ‌一般将来时‌ 描述未来计划或预测的动作。时间状语如tomorrow, next week等。 will/shall + do 或 be going to in the future, soon We ‌will visit‌ the museum tomorrow. ‌ ‌被动语态‌ 强调动作的承受者而非执行者。结构为：‌be + 过去分词‌。 不同时态下be动词需相应变化 无固定时间状语，需结合上下文 The cake ‌was eaten‌ by Tom. （一般过去时被动语态） ‌ ‌二、语态基本概念‌ (一)两种语态 语态分为‌主动语态‌和‌被动语态‌，核心区别如下： 1.‌主动语态‌：主语是动作的执行者。 例：He ‌wrote‌ a letter. （强调“他”执行了写作动作）‌ 2.‌被动语态‌：主语是动作的承受者，结构为‌be + 过去分词‌，执行者用by引出（可省略）。 例：The letter ‌was written‌ by him. （强调“信”被写） (二)语态转换 1.基础结构转换‌ (1)‌公式化转换‌ 主动语态 → 被动语态：‌主语（动作承受者） + be动词（对应时态） + 过去分词 + by + 执行者（可省略）‌ 主动句：Tom ate the cake. 被动句：The cake ‌was eaten‌ by Tom. ‌ (2)‌时态一致性原则‌ 转换时需保持原句时态，仅改变语态结构： 一般现在时：He ‌cleans‌ the room. → The room ‌is cleaned‌ by him. 现在完成时：She ‌has written‌ a book. → A book ‌has been written‌ by her. ‌ 2.特殊句型转换规则‌ (1)‌含双宾语的主动句‌ 优先将间接宾语（指人）变为主语： 主动句：My uncle gave ‌me‌ a present. 被动句：‌I‌ was given a present by my uncle. ‌ 直接宾语（指物）变为主语时需加介词： 被动句：A present ‌was given to me‌ by my uncle. ‌ (2)‌含动词短语的句子‌ 短语动词需整体转换，不可拆分介词/副词： 主动句：They ‌looked after‌ the child. 被动句：The child ‌was looked after‌ by them. （不可写为“looked after was”）‌ (3)‌含宾语补足语的句子‌ 宾补保留在被动语态中： 主动句：We ‌keep‌ the classroom ‌clean‌. 被动句：The classroom ‌is kept clean‌ by us. ‌ (三)易错点与注意事项‌ 1.‌遗漏be动词或过去分词‌ 错误：The problem solved by him. 正确：The problem ‌was solved‌ by him. ‌ 2.‌时态与主谓一致错误‌ 错误：The books ‌has been read‌ by her. 正确：The books ‌have been read‌ by her. ‌ 3.‌by短语的误用‌ 执行者为泛指（如people、someone）时可省略：The window ‌was broken‌ (by someone). ‌‌ ‌三、易混淆点总结‌ 1.‌时态选择误区‌ ‌现在完成时‌ vs. ‌一般过去时‌：现在完成时强调影响或持续性（I have lived here for 10 years）‌；一般过去时仅描述过去动作（I moved here in 2015）‌。 ‌主将从现规则‌：在条件或时间状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时：If it ‌rains‌, we ‌will stay‌ at home. ‌ 2.‌被动语态易错点‌ 遗漏be动词（错误：The problem solved → 正确：The problem was solved）‌； 混淆主动与被动语态的时态一致性（错误：The book is wrote by him → 正确：is written）‌。 ‌四、高频命题方向‌ ‌时态混合应用‌：复合句需根据上下文选择时态（如When I arrived, he was sleeping）‌。 ‌被动语态与话题结合‌：科技、环保类文章常考被动语态（如The environment should be protected）‌。 （建议用时：40分钟） 单项选择 1．Sometimes Tom with his parents ________ TV after dinner, but now they ________ books. A．is watching; read B．watch; are reading C．watches; are reading D．watches; read 【答案】C 【解析】句意：有时汤姆和他的父母晚饭后看电视，但现在他们正在看书。 考查主谓一致和现在进行时。第一空，根据“Sometimes”可知，此处为一般现在时，with连接并列主语时，谓语动词与with前的主语保持人称和数的一致，所以此处应用第三人称单数watches，排除A项和B项；第二空，根据“now”可知，此处应用现在进行时，排除D项。故选C。 2．Neither she nor I ______ a teacher in this school. A．am B．is C．was D．are 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她和我都不是这所学校的老师。 考查主谓一致。Neither…nor…“既不……也不……”连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，此处应和后面的主语“I”保持一致，根据句意可知此句应用一般现在时，因此be动词应用“am”。故选A。 3．Not only Tim but also Sue and I ________ interested in DIY. We often make nice things. A．am B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【解析】句意：不仅是蒂姆，还有苏和我都对自己动手做东西感兴趣。我们常常做出很棒的东西。 考查be动词用法。根据“We often make nice things.”可知句子是一般现在时态；“Not only...but also...”在连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与离它最近的主语保持一致，在这个句子中，离谓语动词 “be” 最近的主语是 “Sue and I”，是两个人，为复数形式，所以要用 “are”。故选B。 4．I think one of the things that ________ me as a parent is the effect (影响) of some mobile Apps, like Tik Tok, on children. A．worry B．worries C．is worried about D．worrying 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我觉得作为父母让我担心的事情之一是某些移动应用程序对孩子的影响，比如Tik Tok。 考查动词。worry使担心，三单形式是worries，现在分词是worrying；be worried about对……担心。根据“I think one of the things that…me”可知，此处指的“使我担心的是……”，排除C。该句陈述事实，为一般现在时，且设空处是定语从句的谓语，that是从句主语，指代“one of the things”，所以从句谓语动词需用三单形式，故选B。 5．Ice ________ into water if it ________. A．will turn; heats B．can turn; is heated C．turns; heats D．turns; is heated 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果冰被加热，它会变成水。 考查动词时态。根据“Ice...into water if it...”可知，冰被加热后会变成水，这是一个客观事实，所以主从句都需用一般现在时。从句主语it和谓语heat为动宾关系，需用被动语态is heated；主句主语ice，为单数概念，谓语需用三单形式turns。故选D。 6．The palace caught fires three times in the last century and little of the original buildings ________ now. A．is remaining B．is remained C．remains D．has been remained 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这座宫殿在上个世纪发生了三次火灾，现在原有的建筑几乎没有留下。 考查一般现在时。分析“little of the original buildings...now”可知，主语little of the original buildings和动词remain“仍然存在”之间是主动关系，且此处表示事实，应用一般现在时。故选C。 7．Look! Liu Tao ________ a new watch. It’s a birthday present from his grandfather. A．is having B．have C．are having D．has 【答案】D 【解析】句意：看！ Liu Tao有一块新手表。这是他爷爷送他的生日礼物。 考查一般现在时。is having现在进行时；have动词原形；are having现在进行时，主语为第二人称或复数；has有，一般现在时单三形式。当have表示 “有” 时，不用于进行时时态，此处表示有一块新手表，且主语“Liu Tao”为单数，故谓语动词用单三形式has。故选D。 8．While we ________ a video, some visitors ________ to our class. A．watched; were coming B．watched; came C．were watching; came D．were watching; were coming 【答案】C 【解析】句意：当我们正在看录像时，一些游客来到我们班。 考查过去进行时和一般过去时。分析题干和选项可知，此处表示在过去某个时间一个动作正在进行的时候，另一个动作发生，while引导的时间状语从句表示过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时；主句表示另一个动作，应用一般过去时。故选C。 9．There ________ a lot of stalls along the street, but now they all move out. A．used to be B．used to have C．had D．was 【答案】A 【解析】句意：过去沿着街道有许多的货摊，但是现在都搬走了。 考查there be句型。There be结构中必须有be动词的形式，与have/has/had无关。排除选项BC；used to do sth.过去常常做某事，符合题意。故选A。 10．—Do you know ______? —Oh, he was short and thin, but he is different now. A．what he used to look like B．what did he use to look like C．what does he look like D．what he look like 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你知道他过去长什么样子吗？——哦，他过去又矮又瘦，但是现在不一样了。 考查宾语从句。根据答句“he was short and thin, but he is different now.”可知，上文询问的是过去的长相，故用used to表示“过去怎么样”，排除CD选项；根据问句，此处宾语从句应该用陈述语序，排除B选项。故选A。 11．—Miss Hu, I haven’t seen you for a long time. —Yes. I ________ as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back last weekend. A．worked B．am working C．have worked D．work 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——胡小姐，我好长时间没见到你了。——是的。我在上海作为一名志愿者护士工作了一个月。我昨天回来的。 考查时态。worked工作，动词过去式/过去分词；work工作，动词。根据“for a month”和“I came back last weekend.”可知，在上海做志愿者做了一个月但是没有持续到现在，是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，故选A。 12．—Do you know ________ ? —He used to be shy. A．what was he like B．what he is like C．what did he use to like D．what he used to be like 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你知道他以前是什么样子吗？ ——他过去很害羞。 考查宾语从句。what was he like他是个什么样的人；what he is like他是个什么样的人；what did he use to like他过去喜欢什么；what he used to be like他以前是什么样子。根据“Do you know…”可知，此处考查宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除A和C；根据答语“He used to be shy.”可知，这里是询问他过去是什么样子的，排除B。故选D。 13．There ________ a basketball match between Class 1 and Class 3 this afternoon. A．is going to be B．will have C．are going to be D．is going to have 【答案】A 【解析】句意：今天下午一班和三班之间将有一场篮球比赛。 考查There be的一般将来时。根据“There”和“this afternoon.”可知，此句是There be句型的一般将来时结构，结构为there is/are going to be或there will be。句子主语是单数，be动词用is。故选A。 14．I’m sure there ________ more trees in our city in the future. A．have B．will have C．are D．will be 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我相信将来我们城市会有更多的树。 考查there be句型及时态。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处为there be句型，根据“in the future”可知，此处时态为一般将来时，D项符合。故选D。 15．There ______ a football match next week. A．will have B．is going to have C．is going to be D．are going to be 【答案】C 【解析】句意：下周将有一场足球比赛。 考查there be句型。根据“There...a football match next week可知”，该句为there be句型，故排除A和B；句子是一般将来时态，根据名词a football match单数名词可知此处用is going to be。故选C。 16．—Can you guess if they ________ to play soccer with us? —I think they will come if they ________ free. A．will come, will be B．come, will be C．come, are D．will come, are 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你能猜出他们是否会来和我们一起踢足球吗？ ——如果他们有空，我想他们会来的。 考查动词时态。第一空，根据“Can you guess if they …”可知，此处为if引导的宾语从句，主句时态为一般现在时；从句表示他们将和我们一起踢足球，时态应用一般将来时，其结构为will do，即will come，排除B和C；第二空，根据“they will come if they … free”可知，此处为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则；主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时，主语“they”为第三人称复数，be动词应用are，排除A。故选D。 17．—Sam, do you know if Alice ________ to my party next week? —I think she will come if she ________. A．will come; will be invited B．comes; is invited C．will come; is invited D．comes; will be invited 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——Sam，你知道Alice下周是否会来参加我的聚会吗？ ——我想如果她被邀请的话，她会来的。 考查动词时态和被动语态。第一空，根据“do you know if Alice … to my party next week”可知，此句是if引导的宾语从句；由时间状语“next week”可知，从句时态应用一般将来时，其结构为will do，排除B和D；第二空，根据“she will come if she…”可知，此句是if引导的条件状语从句，适合“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，主语“she”为第三人称单数，且与invite是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为is done，动词invite的过去分词为invited，排除A。故选C。 18．The TV news reports that there ________ a storm the day after tomorrow. A．is B．is going to be C．was D．is going to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：电视新闻报道说后天会有一场暴风雨。 考查动词的时态。根据“the day after tomorrow”可知，此句时态为一般将来时，there be句型的一般将来时结构为there will be或there is/are going to be。故选B。 19．—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting in two days? —He won’t, unless he ________. A．will attend, is invited B．attends, will be invited C．will attend, invites D．attends, is invited 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你介意告诉我他两天后是否会参加会议吗？——除非有人邀请，否则他不会参加的。 考查动词时态和被动语态。第一空根据“Would you mind telling me if he…the meeting in two days?”可知，时态为一般将来时，其结构为will do，排除B和D；第二空根据“He won’t, unless he…”可知，该句是unless引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”，从句主语he是动作的承受者，所以用一般现在时被动语态“is done”。故选A。 20．Our school sports meeting will ________ on October 28. Will you ________ it? A．hold; join B．take place; join in C．happen; join D．have; take part in 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们学校的运动会将在10月28日举行。你会参加吗？ 考查动词短语辨析。hold举行，及物动词，后直接跟宾语；take place发生，不及物动词，无被动语态；happen发生，不及物动词，指偶然发生；have有。此处指举办运动会，用have时，应为have a sports meeting。题干中“sports meeting”是主语，空格处需填不及物动词作谓语，且根据“on October 28”可知，此处是指运动会“发生”在10月28日，因此用take place符合题意。题干第二空，join参加，常指加入某个组织或团体，成为其中的一员；join in参加，指参加到某项活动中去，后面一般接表示“活动”的名词或代词；take part in参加，指参加群众性活动、会议等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起作用，有时与join in可互换。题干中“it”指代上文的运动会，是活动，因此用join in或take part in均可。故选B。 21．—Where are you the whole afternoon? I called you five times. —Oh, I ________ for my exam these days. A．am preparing B．was preparing C．will prepare D．prepared 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你整个下午都在哪儿？我给你打了五次电话。——哦，我这些天在准备考试。 考查动词时态。根据空后“these days”可知，表示现阶段发生的动作用现在进行时“am/is/are doing”。故选A。 22．It is 7:00 p.m. The Black family ________ dinner now. A．are having B．is having C．have D．has 【答案】A 【解析】句意：现在是晚上7点。布莱克一家人正在吃晚饭。 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据“It is 7:00 p.m.”可知此句应用现在进行时，排除选项C和D；主语The Black family“布莱克一家人”是复数，因此be动词应用“are”。故选A。 23．Where ________ you ________ on vacation next week? A．do, go B．did, go C．are, going D．have, gone 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你下周打算去哪里度假？ 考查时态。根据“next week”可知，此处表示将来的事情，动词go可以用现在进行时表示将来的动作。故选C。 24．The Green family ________ to the south of the country next week. A．are going to move B．was moving C．are moving D．is moving 【答案】D 【解析】句意：格林一家下周要搬到这个国家的南部去。 考查动词时态。根据“next week”可知，此句时态为一般将来时，主语The Green family表示整体，be动词用单数is，此处可以用现在进行时表将来。故选D。 25．—Look out of the window! It ________ now. —Yes. It often ________ here in winter. But I like ________ days, because I like make snowmen with friends. A．snows; is snowing; snowy B．snow; is snowing; snow’s C．is snowing; snows; snow D．is snowing; snows; snowy 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——看窗外！现在正在下雪。——是的。这里冬天经常下雪。但是我喜欢下雪天，因为我喜欢和朋友堆雪人。 考查时态和形容词作定语。根据“It...now.”可知，第一处强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时；根据“It often...here in winter.”可知，第二处是一般现在时，主语是It，动词用三单；根据“But I like...days”可知，第三处用形容词作定语修饰“days”。故选D。 26．—What are you looking at, Mike? —My brother with his friends ________ photos in the park. A．take B．takes C．is taking D．are taking 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——迈克，你在看什么？——我哥哥和他的朋友们正在公园里拍照。 考查动词时态及主谓一致。根据“What are you looking at, Mike?”可知，时态为现在进行时，结构用“am/is/are doing”，排除选项A、B；根据“with his friends”可知，此处遵循就远原则，主语“My brother”是第三人称单数，be动词应用is。故选C。 27．—The number of COVID-19 patients ________ all over the world.   —Yes, a large number of patients ________ so far because of the virus (病毒). A．are increasing; died B．increases; has been dead C．increased; have died D．is increasing; have died 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——全球新冠肺炎患者数量不断增加。——是的，到目前为止已经有很多病人死于这种病毒。 考查主谓一致和动词时态。the number of + 复数名词“……的数量”作主语，谓语动词要用单数，表示“患者数量不断增加”应用现在进行时，因此第一个空要用is increasing；根据so far“到目前为止”可知，第二空应用现在完成时，a number of + 复数名词“大量的……”作主语，谓语动词要用复数，因此第二个空要用have dead。故选D。 28．—Be careful! You might fall into the water. —Thank you. I ________ I ________ to the pool. A．didn’t know; was standing so close B．don’t know; am standing so closely C．didn’t know; am standing so close D．didn’t know; would stand so closely 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——当心！你会掉入水中。——谢谢你！我不知道我站得离泳池这么近。 考查动词的时态。close既是形容词又是副词，作副词时指距离接近，closely副词，表示抽象意义上的接近，“仔细地，严密地”。故排除B、D两项，根据句意可知，“不知道”是指说“Thank you”之前的动作，应排除C项；在宾语从句中若主句为一般过去时态，则从句要使用相应的过去时态。第二空指的是“过去某个时间正在做某事”，故用过去进行时。故选A。 29．—Can you tell me ________ at the time of the rainstorm? —Sorry, I don’t know. I wasn’t with him at that time. A．what your brother is doing B．what was your brother doing C．What did your brother do D．what your brother was doing 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我你哥哥在暴风雨时在做什么吗？——对不起，我不知道。那时我不在他身边。 考查宾语从句。根据“Can you tell me…at the time of the rainstorm?”可知，此处为宾语从句，应该使用陈述句语序，排除B和C选项；根据“at the time of the rainstorm”可知，动作发生在过去，应用过去进行时，排除A。故选D。 30．—How come you didn’t answer my phone yesterday? —Real Madrid CF, my favourite team, ________ FC Bayern Munich in the semi-final of UEFA Champions League yesterday. I ________ the match when you called me. A． beat; was watching B．beat; watched C．won; was watching D．won; watched 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你昨天为什么不接我的电话？——我最喜欢的球队皇家马德里队在昨天的欧洲冠军联赛半决赛中击败了拜仁慕尼黑队。你打电话给我时，我正在看比赛。 考查动词辨析和过去进行时。beat打败（后跟人或团队）；won赢得（后跟比赛、奖牌、奖品、战争、胜利等）。根据第一空后的“FC Bayern Munich”可知，这是团队的名称，所以第一空应选beat；根据“when you called me”可知，第二空表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故选A。 31．—Somebody knocked at the door just now. —Sorry, I ________ it. I ________ to the music at that time. A．wasn’t hearing; was listening B．didn’t hear; listened C．wasn’t hearing; listened D．didn’t hear; was listening 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——刚才有人敲门。——对不起，我没有听到。那时我正在听音乐。 考查一般过去时和过去进行时。根据“—Somebody knocked at the door just now. —Sorry”可知，在刚才敲门时，我没有听到，陈述刚刚发生的事实，用一般过去时。根据时间状语“at that time在那时”可知，我那时正在听音乐。在过去某一时间正在发生的动作要用过去进行时。过去进行时的结构为：主语+was/were doing。故选D。 32．—I didn’t see you at the meeting yesterday. Why? —I ________ for a long distance call from my daughter in Canada. A．will wait B．have waited C．was waiting D．am waiting 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——我昨天在会上没看见你。为什么？——我在等我远在加拿大的女儿打来的长途电话。 考查动词时态。根据“at the meeting yesterday”可知，此处限定为过去的某个时间段，答句应用过去进行时，其结构是was/were doing，答句的主语是I，它和was联用。故选C。 33．—Why didn’t you go to the cinema with us this afternoon? —I ________ the project with my friends the whole afternoon. A．will discuss B．was discussing C．discussed D．am discussing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——今天下午你为什么不和我们一起去看电影？——整个下午我都在和朋友们讨论这个项目。 考查动词时态。根据“Why didn’t you go to the cinema”及“the whole afternoon”可知，表示过去某个阶段正在发生的事情，用过去进行时was/were doing的结构，故选B。 34．— Why didn’t you answer the door? — I ________ the flowers when the doorbell ________. A．watered; rang B．am watering; is ringing C．was watering; was ringing D．was watering; rang 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你为什么不开门？——我正在给花浇水，这时门铃响了。 考查动词时态。when引导的时间状语从句，从句常用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主句用过去进行时，I后谓语动词为was doing的形式。故选D。 35．While Thomas ________ a movie, he ________ asleep and missed the ending. A．was watching; fell B．were watching; fell C．watched; was falling D．were watching; was falling 【答案】A 【解析】句意：托马斯在看电影时睡着了，错过了结局。 考查while用法。while表示某个动作正在进行时，又发生了另一动作（该动作用一般过去时）。根据“While Thomas ... a movie,”可知，此空填过去进行时；根据“he ... asleep and missed”可知，发生了“睡觉”这个动作，用一般过去时。由于“Thomas”是第三人称单数，be动词用“was”。故选A。 36．—What ________ when I ________ you last night? —Nothing much. I was bored. A．were you doing; was calling B．did you do; called C．were you doing; called D．did you do; was calling 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——昨晚我给你打电话的时候你在干什么？——什么都没干。我很无聊。 考查时态。根据“What...when I...you last night?”可知，强调在过去的时间点，正在发生的动作，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。故选C。 37．Tom, with his parents ________ to America. They ________ back in two weeks. A．have gone; will come B．has gone; will come C．has been; will come D．have been; will come 【答案】B 【解析】句意：Tom和他的父母已经去了美国。他们两个星期后会回来。 考查时态。with是介词，作伴随状语，主语是Tom，本句采用现在完成时，谓语要用第三人称单数形式，故排除A项、D项。has gone to表示“去了某地，尚未回来”；has been to表示“去过某地，已经回来了”。根据后面的“back in two weeks”可知，本句讲述未来的事情，用will come表示“将回来”，即尚未回来，前一句应填has gone。故选B。 38．—Mike ________ a lot. He used to be a troublemaker, but now he is serious. —People sure change! I’m sure he’ll grow into a fine young man. A．changed B．will change C．is changed D．has changed 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——迈克改变了很多。他过去是个捣蛋鬼，但现在他很认真。——人确实会变！我确信他会长成一个好小伙子。 考查动词时态。根据“He used to be a troublemaker, but now he is serious.”可知，此处表达的是迈克现在与过去相比已经改变了很多，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，应用现在完成时。故选D。 39．How many times ________ you ________ (be) to the museum? A．have; been B．do; be C．are; being D．will; be 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你去过那家博物馆多少次？ 考查动词的时态。“How many times”常与现在完成时连用，句型结构是“主语+have/has+动词的过去分词”，因此第一空应用助动词“have”，第二空用be动词的过去分词“been”。故选A。 40．As a traditional Chinese martial art (武术), Tai Chi ________ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. A．spreads B．is spreading C．will spread D．has spread 【答案】D 【解析】句意：太极拳作为中国传统武术，至今已传播到世界150多个国家。 考查时态。根据“so far”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，故选D。 41．—Do you like playing table tennis? —Yes. I like playing it very much and I________ the Table Tennis Club of our school for two years. A． have joined B．become a member of C．have entered D．have been in 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你喜欢打乒乓球吗？——是的，我非常喜欢，我已经加入我们学校的乒乓球俱乐部两年了。 考查现在完成时和延续性动词。根据“for two years”可知，应用现在完成时态，即“have/has done”结构，且动词需用延续性动词。join/enter都是短暂性动词，无法和一段时间连用；be in...表示状态，可以延续。故选D。 42．―What’s wrong with your computer? ―It ________ and requires ________. A．is broken down, to fix B．has broken down, fixing C．is broken down, to be fixed D．has broken down, to fix 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你的电脑怎么了？——它已经坏了，需要修理。 考查时态和动名词。is broken down被分解，被动语态；to fix去修理，动词不定式；has broken down已经坏了，现在完成时；fixing修理，动名词。根据“What’s wrong with your computer”和“requires...”可知，这里是指电脑已经坏了，所以第一空要用现在完成时，所以第一空要填“has broken down”；结合主语“It”和“fix”之间构成被动关系，而“require doing需要被……”表示主动表被动，所以第二空要填一个动名词“fixing”。故选B。 43．—Great changes ________ in Wuhan in the last few years. —Yes, everything has changed a lot. A．take place B．have taken place C．were taken place D．have been taken place 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——在过去的几年里，武汉发生了巨大的变化。——是的，一切都改变了很多。 考查动词时态。根据“in the last few years”可知，时态为现在完成时，即have/has+过去分词，排除A、C项；再由take place“发生”无被动形式，排除D项。故选B。 44．What ________ you ________ to do when you ________ high school? A．do; want; finish B．will; to want; finish C．are; going; are going to finish D．are; want; are going to finish 【答案】A 【解析】句意：当你高中毕业时你想要做什么？ 考查时态。根据“What...you...to do when you...high school?”可知，该句是主从复合句，从句是when引导的时间状语从句，结合选项，从句含义应是当你高中毕业时，此处应用一般现在时表将来，故排除C和D；主句中谓语动词want本身即可表示将来动作，助动词用do。故选A。 45．—I doubt if he ________ to the party with us tonight. What do you think? —I believe if he ________ his homework tonight, he will go with us. A．will go; will finish B．will go; finishes C．goes; finishes D．goes; will finish 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我怀疑他今晚是否会和我们一起去参加晚会。你认为呢？ ——我相信如果他今晚完成作业，他会和我们一起去的。 考查动词时态。第一空，根据“I doubt if he … to the party with us tonight.”可知，此处是if“是否”引导宾语从句，从句中“tonight”为将来时间，句子时态应用一般将来时，排除C和D；第二空，根据“I believe if he…his homework tonight, he will go with us.”可知，此处是if“如果”引导条件状语从句，符合“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时；主语“he”为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用三单形式finishes，排除A。故选B。 46．—Do you know if Jack ________ to my party this Saturday? —Don’t worry. If he ________, he will call you first. A．will come; will come B．comes; will come C．will come; comes D．comes; comes 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你知道杰克这个星期六是否来参加我的聚会吗？ ——不要担心。如果他来了，他会先给你打电话的。 考查动词时态。第一空，根据“Do you know if Jack … to my party this Saturday?”可知，此处if“是否”引导宾语从句，从句中“this Saturday”为将来的时间，句子时态应用一般将来时，排除B和D；第二空，根据“If he…, he will call you first.”可知，此处if“如果”引导条件状语从句，符合“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，主语为“he”，谓语动词应用三单形式comes，排除A。故选C。 47．If more and more wetlands disappear (消失), there ________ space for animals. A．is more and more B．is less and less C．will be little and little D．will be less and less 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果越来越多的湿地消失，动物的生存空间就会越来越小。 考查形容词比较级和谓语动词时态。根据“If more and more wetlands disappear (消失), there…space for animals.”可知，此处是指动物的生存空间就会越来越小，应用比较级+and+比较级结构，排除选项BC；此处为if引导的条件状语从句应遵循“主将从现”原则，主句应用一般将来时。故选D。 48．—I’d love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework _________. —If you don’t go, ___________. A．to do; so do I B．doing: so will C．to do; neither will I D．do; neither am I 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——我很想和你一起去远足，但我还有很多作业要做。——如果你不去，我也不去。 考查不定式结构和倒装句。第一空用动词不定式结构作后置定语修饰名词，所以B/D不对。第二空所在的句子，if引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。答语句意为“如果你不去，我也（将）不去。”表示否定的相同情况用neither/nor引导倒装句。故选C。 49．This problem may lead to more serious ones if ________ unsolved. A．making B．left C．remained D．keeping 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个问题如果拖着不解决的话会引起更严重的问题。 考查省略句。此处是省略句，省略了it is，根据“This problem may lead to more serious ones if ... unsolved.”可知，问题是要“被”解决的，排除AD，remain是不及物动词，无被动形式，用left符合语境。故选B。 50．—Why do you look so worried? —My house ________ last night and a lot of valuable things ________. A．has been broken into; stealing B．broke into; to be stolen C．was broken into; stolen D．was broken into; was stolen 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你为什么看起来这么担忧？——昨晚我的房子被人闯入了，很多贵重物品被偷了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last night”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，主语“My house”和动词“break into”之间是被动关系，即“房子被闯入”，要用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，break的过去分词是broken，第一空填“was broken into”。and连接两个并列情况，主语“a lot of valuable things”和动词steal之间也是被动关系，即“很多贵重物品被偷”，“a lot of valuable things stolen”是“名词+过去分词”构成的独立主格结构，作伴随状语，完整表达了物品被偷这一情况。若用“was stolen”，不符合主语“a lot of valuable things”是复数的情况，第二空填stolen。故选C。 51．—Who will be the winner of this year’s school art festival? —No one can know the result until it ________ next Monday. A．announces B．is announced C．will announce D．will be announced 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——谁将是今年学校艺术节的优胜者？——在下周一宣布之前，没有人能知道结果。 考查被动语态。announce“宣布”，动词。not...until引导时间状语从句，主句包含现在时的情态动词can，所以从句采用一般现在时，“it”和“announce”是被动关系，所以该空要填一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“is/am/are+done”。故选B。 52．—I think it’s more and more important for us to protect our environment. —I agree with you. Air and water ________ seriously. A．is polluted B．are polluting C．polluted D．are being polluted 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我认为保护环境对我们来说越来越重要。——我同意你的看法。空气和水正受到严重污染。 考查被动语态。分析句子，可知“Air and water”与动词pollute“污染”之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态（be+done）；结合语境，可知空处表示“正受到严重污染”，且主语是“Air and water”，因此be动词用复数are，时态应用现在进行时。故选D。 53．The farmer said the PLA men came to rescue timely when they ______ in the snowstorm. A．were trapping B．were being trapped C．are trapping D．are being trapped 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这位农民说他们在暴风雪中被困时，解放军战士及时赶来营救。 考查过去进行时的被动语态。根据“rescue”可知解放军来营救被暴风雪困住的农民，所以用短语“be trapped in”，表示“被……困住”，故排除A和C；本句为宾语从句，根据主句谓语动词“said”为一般过去时，可知从句谓语遵循“主过从必过”的原则，结合选项，所以排除D，故用过去进行时的被动语态，故选B。 点睛：对时态的选择，要在把握时态的基本用法的基础上，根据具体语境和题干中的时间推断时态，同时关注特殊的结构。 54．This machine is very easy ________. Hundreds of workers ________ for this in the past two months. A．to operate; have been trained B．to operate; were trained C．to be operated; have been trained D．to be operated; were trained 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这台机器很容易操作。在过去的两个月里，数百名工人接受了这方面的培训。 考查非谓语动词和时态语态。第一句主语machine是operate的逻辑宾语，且easy表示主语的特征，所以此处应用“主语+be+形容词+to do”结构，第一空选填to operate；根据“in the past two months”可知，时态为现在完成时，结合主语workers为谓语动词train的动作承受者，所以第二空用现在完成时的被动语态结构。故选A。 55．Family values can ________ from generation to generation. A．be passed down B．be passed by C．pass down D．pass by 【答案】A 【解析】句意：家庭价值观可以代代相传。 考查动词短语及语态。pass down使流传；pass by路过。根据“Family values can ... from generation to generation”可知，此处指的是将家庭价值观流传下去，应该用pass down，主语与pass down是被动关系，应该用含情态动词的被动语态can be done。故选A。 56．These kinds of pens ________ well. So they ________ out quickly in all the shops. A．are written; are sold B．write; are sold C．are written; sell D．write; sell 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这种钢笔很好用。所以它们很快就在所有的商店里卖光了。 考查语态。第一空强调商品的属性，用主动语态，可排除AC选项；第二空强调客观事实，主语“They”和谓语之间是被动关系，需用被动语态be done。故选B。 57．—Did you watch the movie last night? —No, I watched news about the mountain fire in Beibei. I wondered ________ there. A．what’s going on B．what happened C．how’s everything going D．what was happened 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你昨晚看电影了吗？——没有，我看了关于北碚山火的新闻。我想知道那里发生了什么。 考查宾语从句。根据“I wondered... there.”可知，主句是一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态，排除A、C两项；happen没有被动语态，排除D项。故选B。 58．— Has your uncle returned from Shanghai? — Yes, he ________ there for a week and says he ________ there. A．stayed, wasn’t used to staying B．has stayed, didn’t use to staying C．has stayed, didn’t use to stay D．stayed, wasn’t used to stay 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你叔叔从已经上海回来了吗？——是的，他在那里待了一周，并且他说他不习惯待在那里。 考查时态和固定搭配的用法。根据“Has your uncle returned...there.”可知，我的叔叔已经返回。那么待在上海就是过去的事，所以第一空用一般过去时；第二处考查“used to do”表示过去常常做某事，其否定形式为“didn’t use to do”，“be used to doing”表示习惯于做某事，其否定形式为“be not used to doing”。根据语境可知，此处表示他不习惯待在那里。故选A。 59．—Have you visited Russia, Lilian? —Yes, I ________ there for two weeks. A．studied B．was studying C．have studied D．studies 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你去过俄罗斯吗，Lilian？ ——去过，我在那里学习了两个星期。 考查时态。studied，一般过去时；was studying，过去进行时；have studied，现在完成时；studies，一般现在时。根据问句可知，Lilian在俄罗斯学习这件事已发生且已结束，则需用一般过去时，故选A。 60．My brother is going to ______ an engineer when he _______ up. A．do; grow B．do; grows C．be; grow D．be; grows 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我哥哥长大后要当工程师。 考查动词。第一个空，表示“成为一名工程师”，不定式to后用be动词原形be；第二个空，when引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时态，此句用一般现在时态，主语he，第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数grows。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$