重难点04.核心基础知识之非谓语动词(含独立主格结构)-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(浙江专用)

2025-03-06
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天空英语
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 动词的非谓语形式
使用场景 中考复习-二轮专题
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 浙江省
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 2.81 MB
发布时间 2025-03-06
更新时间 2025-03-06
作者 天空英语
品牌系列 上好课·二轮讲练测
审核时间 2025-03-06
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/50837775.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

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重难点04 核心基础知识之非谓语动词 (含独立主格结构) 中考英语非谓语动词考情分析 ‌非谓语形式‌ ‌考查重点‌ ‌高频题型‌ ‌典型例题‌ ‌易错点提示‌ 考查趋势分析 ‌动词不定式‌ 作宾语(decide to do)、目的状语(to improve)、复合结构(It’s + adj. + to do) 单项选择、完形填空 He wants ______ (become) a scientist. (答案:to become) 忽略不定式符号(如 make/let sb. do)‌ ‌复合结构考查增加‌:动词不定式复合结构(如 It’s important ‌for us‌ to protect the environment)要求区分 ‌for‌(指向行为)与 ‌of‌(指向人的品质)‌。 ‌语境化应用强化‌:在完形填空中结合故事情节,考查分词逻辑关系(如现在分词表主动动作,过去分词表被动状态)‌。 ‌写作题型灵活化‌:要求用非谓语动词改写句子(如 She is happy because she passed the exam. → ‌Having passed the exam‌, she is happy.)‌ ‌动名词‌ 作主语(Reading)、介词宾语(succeed in doing) 单项选择、词语运用 ______ (swim) is good for health. (答案:Swimming) 混淆动名词与不定式的用法(如 stop doing vs. stop to do)‌ ‌现在分词‌ 作定语(wearing)、伴随状语(singing and dancing) 完形填空、短文填空 The boy ______ (play) basketball is my brother. (答案:playing) 误用现在分词与过去分词(如 exciting vs. excited)‌ ‌过去分词‌ 作定语(written)、补语(made to wait) 写作(句子改写、翻译) The book ______ (write) by Lu Xun is famous. (答案:written) 混淆主动与被动关系(如 interested vs. interesting)‌ 【情境解读】 【重难诠释】 非谓语动词重难点分析 ‌考查方向‌ ‌重难点‌ ‌例子‌ ‌考点解析‌ ‌基本形式区别‌ 区分不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词doing/过去分词done)的不同用法‌ (1) He wants ‌to play‌ football.(不定式作宾语) (2) ‌Reading‌ makes him happy.(动名词作主语) (3) The ‌broken‌ window needs fixing.(过去分词作定语)‌ 不定式常表目的或将来动作;动名词表抽象或习惯性行为;分词侧重状态或被动‌。 ‌时态与语态‌ 掌握非谓语动词的完成式、被动式等复杂结构‌ (1) She pretended ‌to be sleeping‌.(不定式进行式) (2) The book ‌written‌ by him is popular.(过去分词表被动完成)‌ 完成式(to have done/having done)强调动作先于谓语发生;被动式(to be done/being done)需结合逻辑主语判断‌。 ‌复合结构(for/of)‌ 区分“It’s + adj. + ‌for‌ sb. to do”与“It’s + adj. + ‌of‌ sb. to do”的用法‌ (1) It’s important ‌for‌ us ‌to learn‌ English. (2) It’s kind ‌of‌ you ‌to help‌ me.‌ 形容词描述行为性质用‌for‌(如important);描述人的品质用‌of‌(如kind)‌。 ‌作宾语的特殊动词‌ 记忆仅接不定式或动名词作宾语的动词‌ (1) I decide ‌to go‌. (2) He enjoys ‌swimming‌. (3) They avoid ‌meeting‌ him.‌ 接不定式的动词:decide, want, hope等;接动名词的动词:enjoy, avoid, finish等‌。 ‌疑问词+不定式‌ 掌握“疑问词(what/how/when等)+不定式”结构作宾语或表语‌ (1) I don’t know ‌what to do‌. (2) The question is ‌how to start‌.‌ 该结构简化宾语从句,常用于know, decide, explain等动词后‌。 ‌感官动词后接分词‌ 区分感官动词后接现在分词(表主动进行)与不定式(表动作全过程)‌ (1) I saw him ‌crossing‌ the road.(正在过马路) (2) I saw him ‌cross‌ the road.(过马路全过程)‌ 现在分词强调动作片段;不带to的不定式强调动作完整性‌。 易错点核心提示: ‌被动与完成混淆‌:过去分词本身含被动或完成意义,无需再加being/having(如误:The homework ‌having been done‌ is wrong → 正:The homework ‌done‌)‌。 ‌逻辑主语一致性‌:非谓语动作需与逻辑主语保持主被动一致(如误:‌To finish‌ the work, the light was still on. → 正:‌To finish‌ the work, ‌he‌ kept the light on.)‌。 ‌固定搭配遗漏‌:如look forward to ‌doing‌(非to do),make sb. ‌do‌(不带to)等‌。 【易错专攻】 非谓语动词的形式、功能及主要用法 非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语的动词,包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。它们虽然不能独立作谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。 类型 形式与功能 主要用法 易错点 动词不定式(to do) 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,具有名词、形容词和副词的功能,可以表达目的、动机、结果、条件、时间、让步等多种语法关系。‌ 作主语:To learn a new language is difficult.‌ 作宾语:I want to buy a new car.‌ 作表语:My goal is to become a doctor.‌ 作定语:I have nothing to say.‌ 作状语:They went to see their aunt. 作补足语:The teacher told us to do morning exercises.‌ 省略to的情况:在部分使役动词(如let, make, have)和感官动词(如see, hear)后,不定式的to可以省略。 疑问结构:不定式的疑问形式是“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。‌ 动名词(doing) 动名词是将动词变为名词形式的一种非谓语动词,以“-ing”结尾,具有动词和名词的双重特性。 作主语:Swimming is a great way to stay fit.‌ 作宾语:I enjoy reading books about science.‌ 作表语:His hobby is cooking delicious meals.‌ 作定语:a reading room(阅览室)‌ 与不定式的区别:动名词表示主动或进行,而不定式更多表示目的或将来。‌ 动词后接动名词或不定式的区别:需根据具体动词的搭配来确定,如stop doing(停止做某事)与stop to do(停下来去做另一件事)。‌ 现在分词(doing) 现在分词一般由动词原形加上“-ing”构成,表示动作正在进行或主动的含义。 作定语:a sleeping baby(正在睡觉的婴儿)‌ 作状语:Laughing, she walked into the room.(笑着,她走进了房间)‌ 作补语:与感官动词连用,如see sb. running(看见某人正在跑)‌ 与动名词的形式相同,但功能不同,需根据句子成分判断。‌ 现在分词的完成式having done,表示在谓语动作之前已经完成的动作。 过去分词(done) 过去分词根据动词的词形变化规则构成,表示动作已经完成或被动的含义。 作定语:a broken window(破碎的窗户)‌ 作状语:Seen from space, Earth is blue.(从太空看,地球是蓝色的)‌ 作补语:get the work done(把工作做完)‌ 与过去式的区别:过去分词是非谓语动词,没有时态变化,而过去式是动词的过去时态。‌ 独立主格结构:过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语可能与主句主语不一致,形成独立主格结构。‌ 独立主格结构 独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立结构‌。它在句子中可以充当状语,也可以作定语,通常用逗号与主句隔开。 一、基本形式 1.‌名词/代词+非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)‌ ‌不定式‌:表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作,如“Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.”(如果明天没有人来,我们将把会议推迟到下周。)‌ ‌现在分词‌:表示动作正在进行或当时正在进行,如“She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind.”(她向我跑来,秀发在风中飘扬着。)‌ ‌过去分词‌:表示被动意义或已完成的动作,如“Everyone helped, John not excepted.”(大家都来帮忙,约翰也不例外。)‌ 2.‌名词/代词+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)‌ 这种结构是无动词独立主格结构的一种,如“Their room was on the third floor, it's window overlooking the sports ground.”(他们的房间在三层楼上,窗户俯视着操场。)‌ 3.‌With/Without+复合宾语(不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语)‌ 这是独立主格结构的另一种常见形式,如“With the work finished, we went home.”(工作完成后,我们回家了。)‌ 二、句法功能 ‌作状语‌:独立主格结构在句子中可以充当多种状语,如原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语。例如,“Summer coming, it gets hotter and hotter.”(夏天来了,天气越来越热了。)‌ ‌作定语‌:独立主格结构也可以作定语,修饰名词或代词。例如,“a man with a book in his hand”(手里拿着书的人)。 三、结构特点 1.‌逻辑主语独立‌ 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。这意味着独立主格结构中的名词或代词并不作为主句的主语,而是作为一个独立的实体存在,并与后面的非谓语动词或形容词、副词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系‌。‌例‌: The test finished, we began our holiday.(考试结束了,我们开始放假。) ‌【分析】在这个例子中,“The test”是独立主格结构的逻辑主语,它与主句的主语“we”不同,独立存在。这体现了独立主格结构逻辑主语的独立性。 2.‌主谓关系逻辑清晰‌ 名词或代词与后面的分词(现在分词、过去分词)、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。这种关系使得独立主格结构能够在句子中表达一个相对完整的意思,而不需要依赖主句的谓语动词‌。‌例‌: The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.(总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。) ‌【分析】“The president”是逻辑主语,“assassinated”是过去分词,它们之间构成了逻辑上的动宾关系(即被动关系)。这种清晰的主谓关系使得独立主格结构能够表达一个相对完整的意思。 3.‌结构标志明显‌ 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开,并且不能使用任何连接词。这种结构上的特点使得独立主格结构在句子中显得相对独立,同时又与主句保持一定的联系,从而起到修饰、补充或说明主句的作用‌。例‌: Weather being good, we all went out to have fun.(天气很好,我们都出去玩了。) ‌【分析】在这个例子中,“Weather being good”是独立主格结构,它用逗号与主句“we all went out to have fun”分开,且没有使用任何连接词。这种结构上的特点使得独立主格结构在句子中显得相对独立,同时又与主句保持一定的联系。 注意:独立主格结构中的非谓语动词与其前面的名词或代词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系;独立主格结构在句子中的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句中或句尾;独立主格结构通常用逗号与主句隔开,以区分主句和从句。 (建议用时:40分钟) 单项选择 1.—What else should we pay attention to _________ building the bridge? —The changes of the weather, I think. A.to finish B.finished C.finish D.finishing 2.—I’d love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework ________. —If you don’t go, ________. A.doing;so do I B.to do;neither will I C.to doing;so will I D.to do;neither do I 3.What sport does Zhong Nanshan enjoy ________ him look strong? A.to make B.make C.making D.made 4.Our teachers will do what they can ________ us get through all the difficulties. A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 5.The method we thought of ________ the problem proved to be correct. A.to solve B.solving C.solved D.solves 6.________ a GPS will make ________ easier for you to visit a strange place. A.To take; that B.To take; it C.Take; that D.Take; it 7.We found him________ with. He’s quite an easy-going guy. A.easily to work B.easily working C.easy to work D.easy working 8.________ more about British culture, Jack has decided to go on a trip to England. A.Learn B.Learned C.Learning D.To learn 9.Because of COVID-19, our teachers advise us ________ to the public places less. A.to go B.going C.not to go D.not going 10.My English teacher told me that she expected me ________ progress through my effort. A.make B.made C.to make D.making 11.—You forgot _________ the door.    —Oh, ________, I’ll go and close it. A. closing; so did I B.to close; so I did C.closing; nor I did D.to close; neither did I 12.— I can’t decide _________ to do with so many old clothes. — Why not send them to a charity? A.which B.what C.how D.where 13.It’s better to teach a man fishing than ________ him fish. A.to give B.giving C.to find D.finding 14.Elders are supposed to ________ by youngers politely. A.talk to B.be talked C.talk back D.be talked to 15.Why don’t you________ your teacher for advice when you don’t know ________ the problems? A.ask; what to do with B.to ask; how to deal with C.ask; what to deal with D.to ask; how to do with 16.Since you’ve made a decision ________ abroad, you have to depend on yourself. A.study B.to study C.studied D.studying 17.— He was made ________ for the lost book borrowed from the library. — The book named the Secret Garden? This is one of the best books ________ I have ever read. A.pay; that B.to pay; that C.to pay; / D.paid; that 18.The disease was spreading fast then. We had no choice but ________ the meeting. A.cancel B.to cancel C.cancelling D.cancelled 19.Bill often pretends ________ in class, but actually he doesn’t at all. A.understand B.understanding C.understood D.to understand 20.They were wondering where ________ the office party and I suggested ________ to the Chinese restaurant near the station. A.to hold;going B.to hold;to go C.holding;to go D.holding;going 21.China is making great efforts ________ the traditional culture. A.to develop B.developing C.developed D.develop 22.The government did whatever it could _________ people from the war. A.protect B.to protect C.protecting D.protects 23.These flowers don’t always need ________, so you _______ them every day. A.to water; don’t need to water B.watering; needn’t to water C.to water; don’t need water D.watering; don’t need to water 24.— The movie Hi, Mom, which was directed by Jia Ling, is well worth ________. — Really? Then I will book two tickets for the movie online right away. A.see B.to see C.seen D.seeing 25.— I have never been to Hong Kong Disneyland. — well, it’s well worth ________. A.to visit B.visiting C.visit D.visited 26.The computer requires ________. I think I need ________ to ask Mr. Zhang for help. A.fixing; going B.to fix; going C.fixing; to go D.to fix; to go 27.— You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ the two tickets. — But the film is really worth ________ twice. A.getting; seeing B.to get; seeing C.getting; being seen D.got; to see 28.We middle school students are advised _________ at least one hour _________ exercise every day to stay healthy. A.spending; to take B.spending; taking C.to spend; to take D.to spend; taking 29.The details the teachers asks to pay attention to ________ our English are very important. A.to improve B.improve C.improving D.improved 30.After being questioned by the detective several times, he still denied ________ the jewellery. A.steals B.stole C.to steal D.stealing 31.Paul is really considering________himself to________ those children in the earthquake-hit area. A.to devote, teaching B.devoting, teaching C.devoting, teach D.to devote, teach 32.— Would you mind ________ the window? It's too hot inside. — No, not at all. A.open B.opening C.opens D.to open 33.—You don't know what great difficulty I had_________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth_________ twice. A.managing; seeing B.to manage; seeing C.managing; being seen D.managed; to be seen 34.---What is the end of the story?   ---The person with theft was seen in court. A.was charged; appear B.charged; to appear C.was charged; to appear D.charged; appear 35.________ ill, I can’t go to school today. A.Because of B.As C.Being D.With 36.Every morning when the sun ______, plenty of people are watching the ____ of national flag at Tian’anmen Square. A.raises;raise B.rises;rise C.raises;rise D.rises;raising 37.---Alice, the dress __________ silk looks good ___________ you. ---Thank you. A.is made of; on B.made of; in C.made of; on D.is made of; in 38.The boy _______ in the teachers’ office was found _______ at the school gate yesterday. A.standing, smoking B.standing, to smoke C.stood, smoking D.stood, to smoke 39.Sometimes the parents have a difficult time _________ their children. A.communicate with B.getting on with C.to grow up D.looking through 40.Only by shouting at the top of his voice, ________. A.he was able to make himself hear B.was he able to make himself hear C.was he able to make himself heard D.he was able to make himself heard 41.The children were happy to see fresh fruit ________ with ice cream. A.to serve B.served C.serve D.serving 42.—What’s wrong with Jane? —Her friends went to a party without her, so she feels ________. A.leave out B.left out C.leave for D.left for 43.My younger sister wants to get her ears ________ after graduation. A.pierced B.pierce C.piercing D.to pierce 44.-Don’t you think your hair is too long? -Yes. I am going to have it ________ soon. A.cut B.cuts C.cutting D.to cut 45.She left the lights on overnight and in the morning she couldn’t get the car ________. A.to start B.starting C.started D.starts 46.Smart phones ________ by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world. A.made B.are made C.to make D.making 47.— My iPad has gone wrong. I’ll have it_______. — Why don’t you have Uncle Wang_______it? Nobody can if he can’t. A.repair; repaired B.repair; repairing C.repairing; repaired D.repaired; repair 48.—It’s so cold! Why not close the window? —Sorry. It________. I’ll have it________. A.won’t shut , repaired B.won’t shut , repairing C.haven’t shut , repairing D.isn’t shutting , repairing 49.________ with life in the city, life in the countryside is much slower and more peaceful. A.To compare B.Comparing C.Compared D.Compare 50.It took my daughter two weeks ________ the novels ________ by Yang Hongying. A.read, written B.to read, written C.reading, to write D.to read, wrote 51.—What’s the advantage of this new type of spacecraft? — ________ current (现有) spacecrafts, the new ones would travel much faster. A.Compared with B.Comparing with C.To compare with D.Compare with 52.The new robot _________ last month can do many jobs instead of humans. A.invents B.invented C.is invented D.was invented 53.Tomorrow is Monday, so you must get your homework _________ today. A.done B.to do C.does D.do 54.—I can’t get the work ________ by 7:00 p.m. I need more time.   —Take your time. There’s no rush. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 55.An artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT ________ by OpenAI is one of the fastest-growing consumer apps in history. A.decided B.divided C.developed D.discovered / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 重难点04 核心基础知识之非谓语动词 (含独立主格结构) 中考英语非谓语动词考情分析 ‌非谓语形式‌ ‌考查重点‌ ‌高频题型‌ ‌典型例题‌ ‌易错点提示‌ 考查趋势分析 ‌动词不定式‌ 作宾语(decide to do)、目的状语(to improve)、复合结构(It’s + adj. + to do) 单项选择、完形填空 He wants ______ (become) a scientist. (答案:to become) 忽略不定式符号(如 make/let sb. do)‌ ‌复合结构考查增加‌:动词不定式复合结构(如 It’s important ‌for us‌ to protect the environment)要求区分 ‌for‌(指向行为)与 ‌of‌(指向人的品质)‌。 ‌语境化应用强化‌:在完形填空中结合故事情节,考查分词逻辑关系(如现在分词表主动动作,过去分词表被动状态)‌。 ‌写作题型灵活化‌:要求用非谓语动词改写句子(如 She is happy because she passed the exam. → ‌Having passed the exam‌, she is happy.)‌ ‌动名词‌ 作主语(Reading)、介词宾语(succeed in doing) 单项选择、词语运用 ______ (swim) is good for health. (答案:Swimming) 混淆动名词与不定式的用法(如 stop doing vs. stop to do)‌ ‌现在分词‌ 作定语(wearing)、伴随状语(singing and dancing) 完形填空、短文填空 The boy ______ (play) basketball is my brother. (答案:playing) 误用现在分词与过去分词(如 exciting vs. excited)‌ ‌过去分词‌ 作定语(written)、补语(made to wait) 写作(句子改写、翻译) The book ______ (write) by Lu Xun is famous. (答案:written) 混淆主动与被动关系(如 interested vs. interesting)‌ 【情境解读】 【重难诠释】 非谓语动词重难点分析 ‌考查方向‌ ‌重难点‌ ‌例子‌ ‌考点解析‌ ‌基本形式区别‌ 区分不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词doing/过去分词done)的不同用法‌ (1) He wants ‌to play‌ football.(不定式作宾语) (2) ‌Reading‌ makes him happy.(动名词作主语) (3) The ‌broken‌ window needs fixing.(过去分词作定语)‌ 不定式常表目的或将来动作;动名词表抽象或习惯性行为;分词侧重状态或被动‌。 ‌时态与语态‌ 掌握非谓语动词的完成式、被动式等复杂结构‌ (1) She pretended ‌to be sleeping‌.(不定式进行式) (2) The book ‌written‌ by him is popular.(过去分词表被动完成)‌ 完成式(to have done/having done)强调动作先于谓语发生;被动式(to be done/being done)需结合逻辑主语判断‌。 ‌复合结构(for/of)‌ 区分“It’s + adj. + ‌for‌ sb. to do”与“It’s + adj. + ‌of‌ sb. to do”的用法‌ (1) It’s important ‌for‌ us ‌to learn‌ English. (2) It’s kind ‌of‌ you ‌to help‌ me.‌ 形容词描述行为性质用‌for‌(如important);描述人的品质用‌of‌(如kind)‌。 ‌作宾语的特殊动词‌ 记忆仅接不定式或动名词作宾语的动词‌ (1) I decide ‌to go‌. (2) He enjoys ‌swimming‌. (3) They avoid ‌meeting‌ him.‌ 接不定式的动词:decide, want, hope等;接动名词的动词:enjoy, avoid, finish等‌。 ‌疑问词+不定式‌ 掌握“疑问词(what/how/when等)+不定式”结构作宾语或表语‌ (1) I don’t know ‌what to do‌. (2) The question is ‌how to start‌.‌ 该结构简化宾语从句,常用于know, decide, explain等动词后‌。 ‌感官动词后接分词‌ 区分感官动词后接现在分词(表主动进行)与不定式(表动作全过程)‌ (1) I saw him ‌crossing‌ the road.(正在过马路) (2) I saw him ‌cross‌ the road.(过马路全过程)‌ 现在分词强调动作片段;不带to的不定式强调动作完整性‌。 易错点核心提示: ‌被动与完成混淆‌:过去分词本身含被动或完成意义,无需再加being/having(如误:The homework ‌having been done‌ is wrong → 正:The homework ‌done‌)‌。 ‌逻辑主语一致性‌:非谓语动作需与逻辑主语保持主被动一致(如误:‌To finish‌ the work, the light was still on. → 正:‌To finish‌ the work, ‌he‌ kept the light on.)‌。 ‌固定搭配遗漏‌:如look forward to ‌doing‌(非to do),make sb. ‌do‌(不带to)等‌。 【易错专攻】 非谓语动词的形式、功能及主要用法 非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语的动词,包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。它们虽然不能独立作谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。 类型 形式与功能 主要用法 易错点 动词不定式(to do) 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,具有名词、形容词和副词的功能,可以表达目的、动机、结果、条件、时间、让步等多种语法关系。‌ 作主语:To learn a new language is difficult.‌ 作宾语:I want to buy a new car.‌ 作表语:My goal is to become a doctor.‌ 作定语:I have nothing to say.‌ 作状语:They went to see their aunt. 作补足语:The teacher told us to do morning exercises.‌ 省略to的情况:在部分使役动词(如let, make, have)和感官动词(如see, hear)后,不定式的to可以省略。 疑问结构:不定式的疑问形式是“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。‌ 动名词(doing) 动名词是将动词变为名词形式的一种非谓语动词,以“-ing”结尾,具有动词和名词的双重特性。 作主语:Swimming is a great way to stay fit.‌ 作宾语:I enjoy reading books about science.‌ 作表语:His hobby is cooking delicious meals.‌ 作定语:a reading room(阅览室)‌ 与不定式的区别:动名词表示主动或进行,而不定式更多表示目的或将来。‌ 动词后接动名词或不定式的区别:需根据具体动词的搭配来确定,如stop doing(停止做某事)与stop to do(停下来去做另一件事)。‌ 现在分词(doing) 现在分词一般由动词原形加上“-ing”构成,表示动作正在进行或主动的含义。 作定语:a sleeping baby(正在睡觉的婴儿)‌ 作状语:Laughing, she walked into the room.(笑着,她走进了房间)‌ 作补语:与感官动词连用,如see sb. running(看见某人正在跑)‌ 与动名词的形式相同,但功能不同,需根据句子成分判断。‌ 现在分词的完成式having done,表示在谓语动作之前已经完成的动作。 过去分词(done) 过去分词根据动词的词形变化规则构成,表示动作已经完成或被动的含义。 作定语:a broken window(破碎的窗户)‌ 作状语:Seen from space, Earth is blue.(从太空看,地球是蓝色的)‌ 作补语:get the work done(把工作做完)‌ 与过去式的区别:过去分词是非谓语动词,没有时态变化,而过去式是动词的过去时态。‌ 独立主格结构:过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语可能与主句主语不一致,形成独立主格结构。‌ 独立主格结构 独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立结构‌。它在句子中可以充当状语,也可以作定语,通常用逗号与主句隔开。 一、基本形式 1.‌名词/代词+非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)‌ ‌不定式‌:表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作,如“Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.”(如果明天没有人来,我们将把会议推迟到下周。)‌ ‌现在分词‌:表示动作正在进行或当时正在进行,如“She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind.”(她向我跑来,秀发在风中飘扬着。)‌ ‌过去分词‌:表示被动意义或已完成的动作,如“Everyone helped, John not excepted.”(大家都来帮忙,约翰也不例外。)‌ 2.‌名词/代词+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)‌ 这种结构是无动词独立主格结构的一种,如“Their room was on the third floor, it's window overlooking the sports ground.”(他们的房间在三层楼上,窗户俯视着操场。)‌ 3.‌With/Without+复合宾语(不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语)‌ 这是独立主格结构的另一种常见形式,如“With the work finished, we went home.”(工作完成后,我们回家了。)‌ 二、句法功能 ‌作状语‌:独立主格结构在句子中可以充当多种状语,如原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语。例如,“Summer coming, it gets hotter and hotter.”(夏天来了,天气越来越热了。)‌ ‌作定语‌:独立主格结构也可以作定语,修饰名词或代词。例如,“a man with a book in his hand”(手里拿着书的人)。 三、结构特点 1.‌逻辑主语独立‌ 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。这意味着独立主格结构中的名词或代词并不作为主句的主语,而是作为一个独立的实体存在,并与后面的非谓语动词或形容词、副词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系‌。‌例‌: The test finished, we began our holiday.(考试结束了,我们开始放假。) ‌【分析】在这个例子中,“The test”是独立主格结构的逻辑主语,它与主句的主语“we”不同,独立存在。这体现了独立主格结构逻辑主语的独立性。 2.‌主谓关系逻辑清晰‌ 名词或代词与后面的分词(现在分词、过去分词)、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。这种关系使得独立主格结构能够在句子中表达一个相对完整的意思,而不需要依赖主句的谓语动词‌。‌例‌: The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.(总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。) ‌【分析】“The president”是逻辑主语,“assassinated”是过去分词,它们之间构成了逻辑上的动宾关系(即被动关系)。这种清晰的主谓关系使得独立主格结构能够表达一个相对完整的意思。 3.‌结构标志明显‌ 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开,并且不能使用任何连接词。这种结构上的特点使得独立主格结构在句子中显得相对独立,同时又与主句保持一定的联系,从而起到修饰、补充或说明主句的作用‌。例‌: Weather being good, we all went out to have fun.(天气很好,我们都出去玩了。) ‌【分析】在这个例子中,“Weather being good”是独立主格结构,它用逗号与主句“we all went out to have fun”分开,且没有使用任何连接词。这种结构上的特点使得独立主格结构在句子中显得相对独立,同时又与主句保持一定的联系。 注意:独立主格结构中的非谓语动词与其前面的名词或代词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系;独立主格结构在句子中的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句中或句尾;独立主格结构通常用逗号与主句隔开,以区分主句和从句。 (建议用时:40分钟) 单项选择 1.—What else should we pay attention to _________ building the bridge? —The changes of the weather, I think. A.to finish B.finished C.finish D.finishing 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——在完成这座桥的建造时,我们还应该注意什么?——我想是天气的变化。 考查非谓语动词。特殊疑问句中“what else”作pay attention to的宾语;后面接to do不定式作目的状语,表示为了结束修建这座桥,我们还需要注意什么。故选A。 2.—I’d love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework ________. —If you don’t go, ________. A.doing;so do I B.to do;neither will I C.to doing;so will I D.to do;neither do I 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——我想和你一起徒步旅行,但我有很多家庭作业要做。——如果你不去,我也不去。 考查非谓语动词以及倒装句。第一空修饰名词homework,应填动词不定式作定语,排除A和C选项。neither+助动词+I,表示前面的否定情况也同样适用于后者。if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时结构,故选B。 3.What sport does Zhong Nanshan enjoy ________ him look strong? A.to make B.make C.making D.made 【答案】A 【解析】句意:钟南山喜欢什么样的运动能使他看起来强壮? 考查非谓语动词。根据“…him look strong”可知,后面句子想表达“为了使他变强壮”的含义,需要用to do 不定式作目的状语。故选A。 4.Our teachers will do what they can ________ us get through all the difficulties. A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我们的老师会尽他们所能帮助我们度过所有的困难。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。do what they can实际上应是do what they can (do),为了避免重复,省略了can后面的do,后面应接to help作目的状语。故选B。 5.The method we thought of ________ the problem proved to be correct. A.to solve B.solving C.solved D.solves 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我们想到的解决问题的方法被证明是正确的。 考查非谓语动词。“The method”作主语,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了解决问题而想出的方法”,故选A。 6.________ a GPS will make ________ easier for you to visit a strange place. A.To take; that B.To take; it C.Take; that D.Take; it 【答案】B 【解析】句意:带上全球定位系统将使每个人更容易访问一个陌生的地方。 考查非谓语动词和代词辨析。本句缺主语,需用不定式作主语,可排除CD两项。本句是“动词(make)+it+形容词+ for sb to do sth.”固定句型,it是形式宾语,后面的不定式是真正宾语,故选B。 7.We found him________ with. He’s quite an easy-going guy. A.easily to work B.easily working C.easy to work D.easy working 【答案】C 【解析】句意:我们发现他很容易共事。他是个很随和的人。 考查形容词作宾补和非谓语动词。easily“容易地”,副词;easy“容易的”,形容词。固定句型find+宾语+adj.+to do sth.“发现做某事是……”,排除AB选项;固定短语work with...“和……一起共事”,此处是动词不定式作宾语,故选C。 8.________ more about British culture, Jack has decided to go on a trip to England. A.Learn B.Learned C.Learning D.To learn 【答案】D 【解析】句意:为了进一步了解英国文化,杰克决定去英国旅行。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Jack has decided to go on a trip to England.”可知,learn“学习”,是动词,此处是为了进一步了解英国文化,用动词不定式表示目的,故选D。 9.Because of COVID-19, our teachers advise us ________ to the public places less. A.to go B.going C.not to go D.not going 【答案】A 【解析】句意:由于新冠肺炎疫情,我们的老师建议我们少去公共场所。 考查非谓语动词。advise sb (not) to do sth建议某人(不)做某事,根据“to the public places less”可知,是建议少去公共场所,故选A。 10.My English teacher told me that she expected me ________ progress through my effort. A.make B.made C.to make D.making 【答案】C 【解析】句意:我的英语老师告诉我,她希望我通过努力取得进步。 考查非谓语动词。短语expect sb. to do sth.“期待某人去做某事”;短语make progress“取得进步”,故选C。 11.—You forgot _________ the door.    —Oh, ________, I’ll go and close it. A. closing; so did I B.to close; so I did C.closing; nor I did D.to close; neither did I 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——你忘记关门了。——噢,我真的忘了,我现在去关门。 考查动词不定式作宾语和倒装句的用法。结合上下文可知,此处应该是忘记关门,所以使用forget to do sth.“忘记去做某事”,so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词,表示“的确,确实如此”,侧重上下句说的是同一情况,表示赞同或强调前面所说的情况。故选B。 12.— I can’t decide _________ to do with so many old clothes. — Why not send them to a charity? A.which B.what C.how D.where 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——我拿不定主意怎么处理这么多旧衣服。——为什么不把它们送到慈善机构呢? 考查疑问词的辨析。which哪一个;what什么;how怎样;where在哪。此处是“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构,do with“处理,解决”,和疑问句what连用,故选B。 13.It’s better to teach a man fishing than ________ him fish. A.to give B.giving C.to find D.finding 【答案】A 【解析】句意:授人以鱼不如授人以渔。 考查动词词义以及非谓语动词。give给;find找到。根据“him fish”此处指给他鱼,排除C和D选项。此空与前文to teach是并列关系,故此空也应填动词不定式,故选A。 14.Elders are supposed to ________ by youngers politely. A.talk to B.be talked C.talk back D.be talked to 【答案】D 【解析】句意:年轻人应该礼貌地与长辈交谈。 考查被动语态。根据“by youngers”可知此处应用被动语态形式:be done,排除AC选项;talk to表示“和……交谈”,变成被动语态,to要保留,故选D。 15.Why don’t you________ your teacher for advice when you don’t know ________ the problems? A.ask; what to do with B.to ask; how to deal with C.ask; what to deal with D.to ask; how to do with 【答案】A 【解析】句意:当你不知道如何处理这个问题时,为什么不向你的老师请教呢? 考查非谓语动词以及动词短语。why don’t you do sth“你为什么不做某事”,第一空应填动词原形ask,排除B和D选项。do with与what一起连用,deal with与how一起连用,故选A。 16.Since you’ve made a decision ________ abroad, you have to depend on yourself. A.study B.to study C.studied D.studying 【答案】B 【解析】句意:既然你已经决定出国留学,你就得靠你自己了。 考查非谓语动词。study动词原形;to study动词不定式;studied动词过去式;studying动名词。根据句子结构可知,空处应是动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。 17.— He was made ________ for the lost book borrowed from the library. — The book named the Secret Garden? This is one of the best books ________ I have ever read. A.pay; that B.to pay; that C.to pay; / D.paid; that 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——他被要求赔偿从图书馆借来的那本书。——那本书叫《秘密花园》吗?这是我读过的最好的书之一。 考查动词不定式和定语从句。be made to do sth“被要求做某事”,排除AD;第二处是定语从句,先行词是物,引导词在从句中作宾语,且先行词前有最高级修饰,用that。故选B。 18.The disease was spreading fast then. We had no choice but ________ the meeting. A.cancel B.to cancel C.cancelling D.cancelled 【答案】B 【解析】句意:当时,疾病传播的很快。我们别无选择只能取消会议。 考查非谓语动词。在含介词but的句型中,but前有do,则but后的不定式不能带to;相反,but前若找不到do,则but后的不定式必定带to。故选B。 19.Bill often pretends ________ in class, but actually he doesn’t at all. A.understand B.understanding C.understood D.to understand 【答案】D 【解析】句意:比尔在课堂上经常假装听懂了,但实际上他什么也听不懂。 考查动词不定式。根据pretend to do sth.“假装做某事”,可知此处填动词不定式作宾语。故选D。 20.They were wondering where ________ the office party and I suggested ________ to the Chinese restaurant near the station. A.to hold;going B.to hold;to go C.holding;to go D.holding;going 【答案】A 【解析】句意:他们正在琢磨在哪里举行办公室聚会,我建议去车站附近的中国餐馆。 考查非谓语动词。“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构可以做动词的宾语,常见的疑问词有where,when,how等,本句中是“where+to do”的形式做“wonder”的宾语;“suggest doing sth.”意为“建议做某事”。故选A。 21.China is making great efforts ________ the traditional culture. A.to develop B.developing C.developed D.develop 【答案】A 【解析】句意:中国正在大力发展传统文化。 考查非谓语动词。短语make great efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”;develop“发展”,是动词,故选A。 22.The government did whatever it could _________ people from the war. A.protect B.to protect C.protecting D.protects 【答案】B 【解析】句意:政府尽其所能保护人民免受战争之害。 考查动词不定式的用法。根据空后“people from the war”可知,此处应该是不定式作目的状语,即目的是保护人们免受战争之害。protect意为“保护”。故选B。 23.These flowers don’t always need ________, so you _______ them every day. A.to water; don’t need to water B.watering; needn’t to water C.to water; don’t need water D.watering; don’t need to water 【答案】D 【解析】句意:这些花并不总是需要浇水,所以你不需要每天浇水。 考查动词need的用法。need doing sth.“某物需要被……”,实义动词need接动词-ing形式作宾语时,主动形式表达被动意义,此处表达花需要被浇水,排除A与C;need作情态动词时,否定形式为needn’t,后接动词原形,排除B;need作实义动词时,可用短语need to do sth.“需要做某事”,否定句中要借助助动词don’t/doesn’t。故选D。 24.— The movie Hi, Mom, which was directed by Jia Ling, is well worth ________. — Really? Then I will book two tickets for the movie online right away. A.see B.to see C.seen D.seeing 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——贾玲导演的电影《你好,李焕英》很值得一看。   ——真的吗?那我就马上在网上预定两张电影票。 考查非谓语动词。be worth doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“值得做某事”,D选项符合句子结构,故选D。 25.— I have never been to Hong Kong Disneyland. — well, it’s well worth ________. A.to visit B.visiting C.visit D.visited 【答案】B 【解析】句意:—— 我从来没有去过香港迪斯尼乐园。—— 嗯,很值得去看看。 考查固定搭配。根据固定搭配“be worth doing sth.”可知,此空需要一个动名词形式,因此visiting符合句意。故选B。 26.The computer requires ________. I think I need ________ to ask Mr. Zhang for help. A.fixing; going B.to fix; going C.fixing; to go D.to fix; to go 【答案】C 【解析】句意:电脑需要修理。我认为我需要去找张老师求助。 考查动词短语。require doing sth表示“需要被做”,need to do sth表示“需要做某事”。故选C。 27.— You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ the two tickets. — But the film is really worth ________ twice. A.getting; seeing B.to get; seeing C.getting; being seen D.got; to see 【答案】A 【解析】句意:你不知道我有多大的困难才弄到这两张票。但是这部电影真的值得看两遍。 考查固定搭配。根据“做某事费劲have difficulty doing sth.”可知,第一空用getting;其次根据“值得做某事be worth doing sth.”可知,主动表被动,不需要再用被动形式,因此第二空用seeing。故选A。 28.We middle school students are advised _________ at least one hour _________ exercise every day to stay healthy. A.spending; to take B.spending; taking C.to spend; to take D.to spend; taking 【答案】D 【解析】句意:我们中学生被建议每天至少花一个小时锻炼来保持健康。 考查动词形式辨析。be advised to do sth.被建议做某事,spend time doing sth.花费时间做某事,take exercise做运动,都是固定短语。故选D。 29.The details the teachers asks to pay attention to ________ our English are very important. A.to improve B.improve C.improving D.improved 【答案】C 【解析】句意:老师要求注意改善英语的细节是非常重要的。 考查固定用法。此句是定语从句,pay attention to doing sth表示“注意做某事” 。故选C。 30.After being questioned by the detective several times, he still denied ________ the jewellery. A.steals B.stole C.to steal D.stealing 【答案】D 【解析】句意:在被侦探审问了好几次之后,他仍然否认偷了珠宝。 考查非谓语动词。steals一般现在时第三人称单数;stole过去式;to steal动词不定式;stealing动名词。deny doing sth. 否认做某事。此处需用动名词作宾语。故选D。 31.Paul is really considering________himself to________ those children in the earthquake-hit area. A.to devote, teaching B.devoting, teaching C.devoting, teach D.to devote, teach 【答案】B 【解析】句意:保罗真的在考虑投身于教育地震灾区的孩子们。 考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth. 考虑做某事;devote…to doing sth.投身于做某事。故选B。 32.— Would you mind ________ the window? It's too hot inside. — No, not at all. A.open B.opening C.opens D.to open 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——你介意开窗吗?里面太热了。——不,一点也不。 考查动名词的用法。根据Would you mind,可知mind后接动名词。mind doing sth介意做某事。故选B。 33.—You don't know what great difficulty I had_________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth_________ twice. A.managing; seeing B.to manage; seeing C.managing; being seen D.managed; to be seen 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——你不知道我尽力弄两张票是多么大的困难。——但是电影真的值得看两次。 manage 经营;see看。结合 what great difficulty I had _____ to get the two tickets.联想到have difficulty in doing sth做某事很困难,下文be worth doing sth值得做某事,故选A。 【点睛】sth is worth doing某事值得做。比如说:这本书值得一读——This book is worth reading.=This book is worthy of being read.=This book is worthy to be read. 34.---What is the end of the story?   ---The person with theft was seen in court. A.was charged; appear B.charged; to appear C.was charged; to appear D.charged; appear 【答案】B 【解析】句意:-故事的结尾是什么?-这个被控告偷窃的人被看到出现在法庭上。was charged被控告,是一般过去时态的被动语态;charged是过去分词;appear出现;to appear是动词不定式形式。这句话中已经有了谓语动词was seen,所以这两个空都应使用非谓语动词形式。第一个空是后置定语,修饰前面的名词the person,并且构成被动关系,故用过去分词;第二个空使用的句型是see sb. do sth.看到某人做某事,当这个句型用于被动语态中的时候,动词不定式应带上to。故应选B。 35.________ ill, I can’t go to school today. A.Because of B.As C.Being D.With 【答案】C 【解析】句意:由于生病,我今天不能去上学。 考查现在分词的用法。Because of 由于,后接名词(短语);As:由于、因为,后接从句;Being因为,其逻辑主语指人;With伴随。此处为现在分词作状语,表示原因。故选C。 36.Every morning when the sun ______, plenty of people are watching the ____ of national flag at Tian’anmen Square. A.raises;raise B.rises;rise C.raises;rise D.rises;raising 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析:句意:每天早晨,当太阳升起的时候,很多人都在天安门广场看升国旗。据Every morning 句子要用一般现在时态,watch...doing观看……在做,据题意故选D。 考点:考查一般现在时态及动词短语。 37.---Alice, the dress __________ silk looks good ___________ you. ---Thank you. A.is made of; on B.made of; in C.made of; on D.is made of; in 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析:句意:-艾丽斯,丝质的衣服看上去很适合你。-谢谢。丝质的衣服,make与dress是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词作定语;看上去合某人的身:look good on sb。故选C。 38.The boy _______ in the teachers’ office was found _______ at the school gate yesterday. A.standing, smoking B.standing, to smoke C.stood, smoking D.stood, to smoke 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析:句意;站在老师办公室的这个男孩,昨天被发现在校门口吸烟。现在分词作定语表示正在进行的伴随性动作,和被修饰词是主谓关系。Find后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,但是当变为被动语态后,不定式符号to要加上,故选B。 39.Sometimes the parents have a difficult time _________ their children. A.communicate with B.getting on with C.to grow up D.looking through 【答案】B 【解析】句意:有时候父母和孩子们相处很困难。 考查词组辨析。have a difficult time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配,表示做某事时有困难,类似的结构还有have trouble (in) doing sth.,由此排除A、C选项;随后get on with表示“相处” look through表示“看穿”,含义上B选项更符合句意,由此可知答案为B。 40.Only by shouting at the top of his voice, ________. A.he was able to make himself hear B.was he able to make himself hear C.was he able to make himself heard D.he was able to make himself heard 【答案】C 【解析】句意:他只有大声喊叫,才能让别人听见。 考查倒装句及非谓语动词。以“Only by+状语”开头的句子,主句部分要用部分倒装,be动词was置于主语之前,排除A/D;动词hear与himself之间是动宾关系,make后接过去分词作宾语补足语,排除B。故选C。 41.The children were happy to see fresh fruit ________ with ice cream. A.to serve B.served C.serve D.serving 【答案】B 【解析】句意:孩子们看到新鲜水果配冰淇淋吃很高兴。 考查非谓语动词。此空作名词fresh fruit的后置定语,且与动词serve之间是被动关系,故此空应填过去分词,故选B。 42.—What’s wrong with Jane? —Her friends went to a party without her, so she feels ________. A.leave out B.left out C.leave for D.left for 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——简怎么了?——她的朋友们没带她去参加聚会,所以她感到受冷落。 考查动词短语及非谓语动词。leave out遗漏,排除,不考虑;leave for动身去。根据“Her friends went to a party without her”可知朋友们没带她去参加聚会,应是觉得被冷落、被排除在外了;主语“she”与leave out之间是动宾关系,此处用过去分词形式left在feels后充当表语。故选B。 43.My younger sister wants to get her ears ________ after graduation. A.pierced B.pierce C.piercing D.to pierce 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我妹妹想毕业后穿耳洞。 考查非谓语动词。根据“get her ears ...”可知此处用get sth. done结构,用pierce的过去分词形式pierced作宾语补足语。故选A。 44.-Don’t you think your hair is too long? -Yes. I am going to have it ________ soon. A.cut B.cuts C.cutting D.to cut 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——你不认为你的头发太长了吗?——是的。我很快要去剪头发。 考查非谓语动词。have后接V-ed形式作宾语补足语,表示“完成某事”。故选A。 45.She left the lights on overnight and in the morning she couldn’t get the car ________. A.to start B.starting C.started D.starts 【答案】C 【解析】句意:她整夜开着车灯,到了早上她发动不了汽车。 考查非谓语动词。to start动词不定式;starting动名词;started过去分词;starts动词单三。根据“She left the lights on overnight”可知,这里指发动不了汽车,get sth. done意为“使某物/事被做”,所以应用过去分词形式,故选C。 46.Smart phones ________ by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world. A.made B.are made C.to make D.making 【答案】A 【解析】句意:被华为制造的智能手机在全世界越来越受欢迎。 考查非谓语。根据语境可知此处samrt phne是被华为制造出的,且主句的谓语动词是are getting,所以此处的make用过去分词表达被动也修饰smart phone。故选A。 47.— My iPad has gone wrong. I’ll have it_______. — Why don’t you have Uncle Wang_______it? Nobody can if he can’t. A.repair; repaired B.repair; repairing C.repairing; repaired D.repaired; repair 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——我的iPad出问题了。 我会修理它的。——为什么不让王叔叔修理? 如果他不能的话,没有人可以。 考查非谓语。have sth. done“使某物被做”,首空的宾语是it,指iPad,与动词repair是逻辑上的动宾关系,即“被修理”,用过去分词。have sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”,第二空宾语“王叔叔”和动词repair是主动,即“去修理”,have是使役动词,宾补为省略to的不定式。故选D。 48.—It’s so cold! Why not close the window? —Sorry. It________. I’ll have it________. A.won’t shut , repaired B.won’t shut , repairing C.haven’t shut , repairing D.isn’t shutting , repairing 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——太冷了,为什么不关窗子?——抱歉,窗子老是关不上,我要请人把它修一下。 考查动词的时态和语态以及过去分词。will当情态动词讲,有"惯于,老是,总是"的意思,表示主语的习惯性,倾向性,经常性,此处it指的是the window,和动词“关”之间是被动关系,第一空用won’t shut主动形式说明主语的属性,窗子出问题了,表示“窗子老是不能关上”。have后面的it指的是the window,和修理之间是被动关系,第二空用have sth. done表示“让某物被……”;此处用repaired表示“被修理”。故选A。 49.________ with life in the city, life in the countryside is much slower and more peaceful. A.To compare B.Comparing C.Compared D.Compare 【答案】C 【解析】句意:与城市生活相比,农村生活要慢得多,也更安宁。 根据句意理解可知,这里比较的是 life in the city城市生活和life in the countryside农村生活,life与compare之前是被动关系,所以应该用过去分词表达被动含义,故选C。 50.It took my daughter two weeks ________ the novels ________ by Yang Hongying. A.read, written B.to read, written C.reading, to write D.to read, wrote 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我女儿花了两周的时间读了杨红英写的小说。固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.表示花费某人多长时间做某事;这里用to read,排除AC;第二个空是过去分词做后置定语,written过去分词;wrote过去式;to write动词不定式,the novels written by Yang Hongying.表示被杨红英写的小说。排除D,根据题意,故选B。 51.—What’s the advantage of this new type of spacecraft? — ________ current (现有) spacecrafts, the new ones would travel much faster. A.Compared with B.Comparing with C.To compare with D.Compare with 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——这种新型航天器的优点是什么?——与现有的航天器相比,新的航天器的飞行速度要快得多。句子的主语为the new ones,因此前面为非谓语动词作比较状语,而不定式表示目的,可排除C;compare with和……进行比较,用作谓语动词,排除D。comparing with 现在分词短语表主动,说明compare这个动作是它的逻辑主语发出的;compared with 过去分词短语表被动,和逻辑主语之间表示被动关系。根据句意语境,现有的航天器与新的航天器都是被比较的对象,故答案为A。 52.The new robot _________ last month can do many jobs instead of humans. A.invents B.invented C.is invented D.was invented 【答案】B 【解析】句意:上个月发明的新机器人可以代替人类做许多工作。 考查非谓语动词。根据“can do”可知,空处用非谓语动词,主语“robot”与动词“invent”之间是被动关系,因此此处用动词过去分词形式表被动。故选B。 53.Tomorrow is Monday, so you must get your homework _________ today. A.done B.to do C.does D.do 【答案】A 【解析】句意:明天是星期一,所以你今天必须完成作业。 考查非谓语动词。根据“so you must get your homework…today.”可知,get sth. done意为“让某事被做”,固定用法,因此此处用动词过去分词形式done。故选A。 54.—I can’t get the work ________ by 7:00 p.m. I need more time.   —Take your time. There’s no rush. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——我不能在晚上7点前完成工作。我需要更多的时间。——慢慢来。不着急。 考查非谓语动词。get sth. done意为“某事被做”,固定用法。故选D。 55.An artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT ________ by OpenAI is one of the fastest-growing consumer apps in history. A.decided B.divided C.developed D.discovered 【答案】C 【解析】句意:OpenAI 研发的人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT 是历史上增长最快的消费者应用程序之一。 考查后置定语用法。decided被决定;divided被分成;developed被研发;discovered被发现。根据“An artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT...by OpenAI is ”可知,空处缺定语,再根据“one of the fastest-growing consumer apps”可知,空处指 “研发”的应用程序,需developed,过去分词作后置定语,修饰主语An artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT。故选C。 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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重难点04.核心基础知识之非谓语动词(含独立主格结构)-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(浙江专用)
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重难点04.核心基础知识之非谓语动词(含独立主格结构)-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(浙江专用)
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重难点04.核心基础知识之非谓语动词(含独立主格结构)-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(浙江专用)
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