19 课时精练 Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习

课时精练(十六)　Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) 层级一　过基础　教材核心知识精准练 维度1　根据汉语或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式 1. New technology has enabled the development of an online virtual(虚拟的) library. 2. The latest Japanese vacuum cleaners contain sensors(传感器) that detect the amount of dust and type of floor. 3．I think there are many positive aspects to being a twin(双胞胎). 4. A team from the UK were the first to successfully clone(克隆) an animal. 5．There is no reason why love shouldn't cross the age barrier(障碍). 6．They are cautiously optimistic(乐观的) that the reforms will take place. 7．Their garden is a wilderness of grass and weeds(杂草). 8．We need to look at a more expansive definition(释义) of the term. 9．The rocket launched two communications satellites at one time. 10．Discrimination on the basis of race，gender，age or disability is not allowed. 维度2　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．Equally，friends have to learn to put up with annoying(annoy) habits and to tolerate differences of opinions. 2．There are many reasons that/which lead to the severe global(globe) warming. 3．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job. 4．It may all boil down_to_a misunderstanding. 5．Engaging(engage) in exploring splendid Chinese culture gives him a chance to act as a cultural messenger. 6．Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically(academic) and personally. 7．No one could figure out how he got to be so wealthy. 8．The problem lies_in_that people still haven't realized the importance of environmental protection. 9．I am going to draw up a list of questions everyone should keep_in_mind when they are writing their journals. 10．The company has now overtaken IBM_in_terms of size and reach. 维度3　完成句子 1．许多问题可能会推迟新桥的通车。(delay) Many problems may_delay_the_opening_of_the_new_bridge． 2．重要的是，我们每天应该留出一些时间做运动，这样才能保持精力充沛。(主语从句) What_is_important_is_that we should set aside some time every day for sports so that we can keep ourselves energetic. 3．如果他生气了怎么办？我有点担心。(what if) What_if_he_gets_angry? I'm a little worried. 4．李江和苏华在迎接英国学生时穿什么衣服的问题上意见不一。(疑问词＋动词不定式) Li Jiang and Su Hua don't agree on what_to_wear when greeting the British students. 5．无论遇到什么困难，她的决心总能使她渡过难关。(whatever) Her determination always carries her through whatever_difficulties_she_meets_with． 维度4　课文语法填空 VR (virtual reality)，just like its name，1.means(mean) reality that is not real.Though you know the sensory information 2.surrounding(surround) you is not real，part of your brain believes it is and acts 3.accordingly(according).VR can be used in many fields，education，for example.It helps students understand many complex situations such as the universe 4.and micro world.In medicine，VR can help surgeons practice operating on a virtual “twin” before operating 5.on the real person. It can also help train new surgeons. VR has a 6.variety(vary) of applications in our daily life.Some game systems allow players 7.to_put(put) on a special headset and they will enter virtual environments and play against either real or virtual 8.opponents(opponent). VR is being introduced to help people see exhibitions in museums，do shopping and select travel destinations. In either case，VR will help people make more 9.informed(inform) choices. Though there are some barriers for the development of VR，it is promising.Especially during this age 10.when technology is developing fast，everything is possible. 层级二　过能力　学科必备素养提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2022·福建省福州市高二期末) Blind people have long desired for brightness，but scientists don't have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality，Zhiyong Fan，a materials scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology，developed a new artificial eye recently. The device，which is about as sensitive to light and has sharper vision and a faster reaction time than a real eyeball，may outperform human eyes. The human eye owes its wide field of view and clear eyesight to the retina(视网膜)—an area at the back of the eyeball covered in light­detecting cells. The design for a new artificial eye is based on the structure of the human eye and uses a friendly light­sensitive material. At the back of the eyeball，an artificial retina is lined with nanoscale light sensors(纳米级光感器). Those sensors measure light that passes through the lens(晶状体) at the front of the eye.Wires attached to the back of the retina send signals from those sensors to the processor，similar to the way nerve networks connect the eyeball to the brain. “In the future，we can use this to replace damaged human eyes，” says the lead designer. In theory，this artificial eye could see more clearly than the human eye，because the artificial retina contains about 460 million light sensors per square centimeter while a real retina has about 10 million light­detecting cells per square centimeter. Besides，the artificial eyeball records changes in lighting faster than human eyes can—within about 30 to 40 milliseconds，rather than 40 to 150 milliseconds. Although its 100­degree field of view isn't as broad as the 150 degrees a human eye can take in，the device can see as well as the human eye in poor light. Hongrui Jiang，an electrical engineer at the University of Wisconsin，though，thinks engineers need a much more practical and efficient way to produce vast series of tiny wires on the back of the artificial eyeball to give it superhuman sight，which is super hard to achieve. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了香港科技大学的一位科学家开发人工眼帮助盲人重获光明。 1. Why does Zhiyong Fan develop the artificial eye? A．To replace people's real eyeballs. B．To gain a sharper vision. C．To help the blind regain their eyesight. D．To help normal eyes perform better. C　[细节理解题。由第一段“Blind people have long desired for brightness，... Hong Kong University of Science and Technology，developed a new artificial eye recently.”可知，发明人工眼的目的是帮助盲人重获光明。故选C项。] 2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The design of the artificial eye. B．The structure of the human eye. C．The advantages of the artificial eye. D．The material used for the artificial eye. A　[段落大意题。由第二段“The design for a new artificial eye is based on the structure of the human eye and uses a friendly light­sensitive material.”可知，第二段主要讲人工眼的结构设计。故选A项。] 3. What can we learn about the artificial eye and the human eye? A．They have the same structure. B．The artificial eye may see more clearly. C．The human eye sees better in weak light. D．The artificial eye takes in a broader view. B　[细节理解题。由第三段“In theory，this artificial eye could see ... has about 10 million light­detecting cells per square centimeter.”可知，理论上人工眼可能比真正的眼睛看得更清楚。故选B项。] 4. Which word best describes Hongrui Jiang's attitude to the artificial eye? A．Doubtful.　　　　　 B．Favorable. C．Tolerant. D．Ambiguous. A　[观点态度题。由尾段“Hongrui Jiang，an electrical engineer... which is super hard to achieve.”可知，他认为科学家们设想的很难达成。持怀疑的态度。故选A项。] Ⅱ.完形填空 What kinds of homes will we live in in the future？__1__ can be sure，but scientists are working out new ideas now. Some scientists are __2__ about building whole cities under huge glass domes(圆盖).__3__，advanced heating and cooling systems will be necessary to control the weather in the domes.__4__ ，there will never be any rain or snow，and the temperature will always be __5__． Perhaps everyone will live in vertical(垂直的)cities—high rises __6__ are so large that they can contain all the necessities of life.Since vertical cities will use __7__ land than flat cities，and provide homes __8__ more people，they will be practical for small countries that have __9__ populations. __10__ idea that will be helpful to small countries is the __11__ city.Monaco has already built homes，stores and offices __12__ the water of the Mediterranean Sea. There are some people who think that we will __13__ living in caves.But the caves of the future will be __14__the caves of the Stone Age.Farms and parks will be on the land over the cave city.When people want to go to the country or to a park，a short __15__ in a lift will take them there. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。没有人知道未来的房子是什么样的，文章主要介绍了大科学家已经构思出了几种模式，你可以想象一下吗？ 1. A．Somebody　　　　　　 B．Anybody C．Nobody D．Everybody C　[根据上文“What kinds of homes will we live in in the future? ”及空后“can be sure”并结合常识可知，没有人能够肯定地说出未来的房屋是什么样子，后面科学家也只是预测。故选C项。] 2. A．thinking B．considering C．imagining D．suggesting A　[对于未来的房屋科学家也只是思考，根据空后的about可知，只有think和about是固定搭配，think about doing sth. 意为“思考/思索做某事”，而consider doing为固定搭配，consider后不加介词，直接跟动词­ing形式。故选A项。] 3. A．On the other hand B．As a result C．Of course D．At the same time C　[建造穹顶下的城市，与大自然隔绝。为了生存，当然需要必要的系统，而of course意为“当然”。故选C项。] 4. A．Similarly B．However C．Accordingly D．Moreover B　[上一句说了有先进的系统在穹顶下模拟大自然的天气，然而却又没有雨雪等恶劣天气。however使文章前后形成转折。故选B项。] 5. A．cool B．warm C．comfortable D．satisfied C　[根据“there will never be any rain or snow”可知先进的人造系统控制穹顶内的天气，把不好的天气都人为地去掉，都是好天气，让人永远舒适。故选C项。] 6. A．that B．they C．where D．who A　[分析句子结构，“______ are so large that they can contain all the necessities of life”. 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词high rises，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that/which。故选A项。 ] 7. A．wider B．more C．less D．larger C　[根据常识，垂直城市利用高度空间，会比平地的城市用较少土地，并且与下文“provide homes __________more people”呼应，较少的土地为更多的人提供房屋，所以和下文结论“they will be practical for small countries that have __________populations. ”意义一致。故选C项。 ] 8. A．on B．to C．with D．for D　[该空所需介词是与provide的固定搭配，provide sth.for sb./provide sb.with sth.故选D项。] 9. A．small B．large C．a few D．many B　[该空所需形容词是修饰populations的，populations是一个数字概念，只能用“big/large”或“small”修饰，排除C和D。结合本句句意垂直城市占用较少土地，为更多人提供房屋，可知是对人多地少的小国(for small countries)特别实用。故选B项。] 10. A．One B．Second C．Next D．Another D　[上文“Perhaps everyone will live in vertical cities”已经对未来居住的房屋有了一个主意——垂直城市； 本句提到的漂浮城市是另一个主意。故选D项。] 11. A．floating B．flowing C．shipping D．blowing A　[根据下文“Monaco has already built homes，stores and offices __________the water of the Mediterranean Sea.”可知，另一个主意是在水上建房屋，所以应该是漂浮的城市，符合语境。故选A项。 ] 12. A．in B．above C．over D．on D　[根据句意，建的是漂浮城市，应该是在水上； 而over和above是在……上方，指的是悬在空中。故选D项。] 13. A．be used to B．be C．go back to D．continue C　[根据常识，远古时代，人类就是居住在洞穴的，现在说未来人类有可能生活在洞穴，那就是回到过去人类住过的洞穴。故选C项。] 14. A．similar to B．compared to C．in place of D．different from D　[未来人类有可能居住在洞穴，但是肯定和过去的不一样，更先进。结合空后“parks will be on the land over the cave city. ”可知未来的洞穴将会不同于石器时代的洞穴。故选D项。] 15. A．ride B．drive C．living D．travel A　[根据“lift电梯”，可知搭乘电梯从洞穴向上到达上面的公园，应使用ride。故选A项。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2022·广东省佛山市高二期末) Technophobes are people who hate modern technology，1.________(probable)because they don't understand it，or because they are afraid of doing something wrong and 2.________(ruin)the equipment. However，this is not a new phenomenon(现象). At the turn of the 20th century，when electricity was set up in many homes，signs 3.________(place)on the wall next to the light­switches advising people 4.________ were used to gas lighting not to light the electricity with a match! There were many cases where people were unaware of how to use new machines，causing 5.________(embarrass)in the would­be user and amusement in the observer. When 6.________(video)first came on the market，a woman，who had never seen a video­tape before，took one tape out of the box 7.________ began shaking it violently. Seeing this，her husband asked her what she 8.________(do). She replied，“Shaking the tape.9.________ says on the tape ‘Shake before use’”. Her husband told her the name of the film was “Shake Before Use”！ Whatever your phobias(恐惧)，new technology is here to stay until someone comes along and invents something newer for us 10.________(use). 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了技术恐惧症会导致使用者的尴尬和观察者的娱乐。新科技会一直保持下来，直到有新的技术来替代。 1．probably　[考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空处缺少副词作状语，修饰because引导的原因状语从句。故填：probably。] 2．ruining　[考查非谓语动词。of是介词，后面用动词­ing形式作宾语，and连接两个并列的动词­ing形式结构，此处用ruin的动名词ruining。故填：ruining。] 3．were placed　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语“At the turn of the 20th century”可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且signs与place构成逻辑上的被动关系，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。主语signs为复数名词。故填：were placed。] 4．who/that　[考查定语从句。“________ were used to gas lighting”部分为限制性定语从句，先行词people作从句的主语，且表示人，用关系代词who或者that引导。故填：who/that。] 5．embarrassment　[考查词性转换。空处作causing的宾语，用embarrass对应的名词形式，且为不可数名词。故填：embarrassment。] 6．videos　[考查名词的单复数。When引导的时间状语从句缺少主语，表示事物的一类，用复数形式。video的复数形式为videos。故填：videos。] 7．and　[考查连词。拿出录像带和猛烈摇晃构成了并列结构，用and连接。故填：and。] 8．was doing　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。丈夫看见女人在摇晃录像带，询问她当时正在做什么，用过去进行时。主语she为第三人称单数。故填：was doing。] 9．It　[考查代词。空处缺少代词指代前一句的the tape，表示物，用it。故填：It。] 10．to use　[考查非谓语动词。表示“更新的东西”，空处放在不定代词something后作定语，用动词不定式to use。故填：to use。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$