16 UNIT4 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment …………………………………………………………………………………◎ ①virtual adj. 虚拟的 ②lie in 在于 ③equipped with 装备有……；配备有…… ④sensor n. 传感器 ⑤accordingly adv. 相应地 ⑥practical adj. 实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 practical application 实际应用 ⑦a host of 许多，大量 ⑧academic adj. 教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 ⑨interact vi. 相互交流，互动 ⑩endless adj.无止境的；无穷尽的 ⑪the solar system 太阳系 ⑫immersive adj. (计算机系统或图像)沉浸式虚拟现实的 ⑬deliver vt. 传送；交付；发表；递送；宣布，发布 ⑭engage vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系 ⑮enhance vt. 提高；增强；增进 ⑯learning efficiency 学习效率 ⑰visualize vt. 可视化；想象 ⑱constructive adj. 建设性的；有助益的；积极的 ⑲delicate adj. 精细的；精密的 ⑳drug addiction 药物成瘾 opponent n. 对手，竞争者；反对者 interactive adj. 交互式的；人机对话的； 互动的 clone n．好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物(或植物)vt.克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 informed adj. 见多识广的；有学问的 as with 如同，和……一样 barrier n. 障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂 boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 fine­tune vt. 对……微调 initial adj. 最初的，开始的n. 首字母 discourage vt. 阻拦，阻止；使灰心，使泄气，使丧失信心 figure out 计算出；理解，明白 considering prep.考虑到；就……而言；鉴于 conj. 考虑到 optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的 keep... in mind 记住…… ◎………………………………………………………………………………… Virtual①reality SUSAN：Frank，you've been working at the forefront of developments in virtual reality for many years.Can you tell us what virtual reality is and how it works【1】？ FRANK：Of course.The basic definition of VR lies in② the name itself，which means“reality that is not real”【2】．When you wear a VR headset equipped with③ sensors④ and a screen，you are surrounded by three­D images，sounds and other sensory information，which creates a super­realistic effect called “presence”. Though you know the sensory information surrounding you is not real，part of your brain believes it is－and acts accordingly⑤. 【2】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the name ；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词reality。 SUSAN：Thanks，Frank.Can you give some examples of the practical⑥ applications VR has？ FRANK：I'd love to.There are a host of⑦ educational applications. Academic⑧ VR enables students to interact⑨ with others in a three­D environment.There are endless possibilities for the subject matter that can be created in a VR system.Imagine studying the solar system⑪ or the human body in a fully immersive⑫ environment.By delivering⑬ the content in a meaningful way，this new approach to learning manages to engage⑭ students' interest and enhance⑮ learning efficiency⑯.The applications can be expanded to make it easier to visualize⑰ data such as engineering projects and a variety of other design developments.It's pretty exciting! SUSAN：This sounds like it has a lot of constructive⑱ applications.What about its uses for highly developed technical industries such as medicine? FRANK：Surgeons are already using robotic technology with VR to perform complex surgery.What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual“twin”in order to practise delicate⑲ surgery before attempting it on the patient？This technology can be applied to train new surgeons；it also enables experts to test new techniques safely before trying them on human subjects.Treatments of anxiety and drug addiction⑳ are other valuable and cost­effective applications of VR. SUSAN：That is amazing！It sounds like VR will be a life­changing technology as well as a life­saving one.How will it affect the different aspects of our everyday lives，such as entertainment，shopping and travelling? FRANK：The entertainment industry is one of the most enthusiastic advocates of VR.Current game systems come with headsets so that players can enter virtual environments and play against either real or virtual opponents.It won't be long before virtual museums and interactive three­D exhibitions become common.【3】When shopping online，you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on clothes and to see products with 360­degree views.Also， people who want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding where to go.In both of these cases，this technology will help people make more informed choices. SUSAN：I can't wait！However，as with any technology，there must 【4】 be some barriers to the development of VR，I guess? FRANK：It really boils down to three things—time，cost and technical limitations. We will need time to develop and fine­tune the hardware and software.The initial cost will discourage most people in the beginning but that should be fixed over time.The last issue is our own technical limitations.Just trying to figure out how to do what we want in terms of technology will prove challenging in some areas 【5】． SUSAN：Considering there are so many challenges to deal with，are you still optimistic about the future of VR? FRANK：Sure.When talking about VR，we should keep in mind its quick rate of evolution.The possibilities seem endless. For example，5G technology，with its potential to serve up more stable mobile connectivity at faster speed，will make it possible for people to enjoy a more immersive VR experience wherever they are．【6】Indeed we are only limited by our imagination.What excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology．【7】They're well equipped to become part of a technological generation that will develop and use VR to do things we might think impossible today.【8】 【6】wherever引导让步状语从句，wherever＝no matter where。 【7】what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词citizens。 【8】that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a technological generation；we might think impossible today为省略了关系代词的定语从句。修饰先行词 things。 SUSAN：Thank you，Frank.It all sounds wonderful. 虚拟现实 苏珊：弗兰克，你在虚拟现实(VR)的前沿开发领域已经耕耘了很多年。你能告诉我们虚拟现实是什么，以及它的工作原理吗？ 弗兰克：当然可以。我们从虚拟现实的名字就能看出它的基本定义，意思就是“非真实的现实”。当你戴上配有传感器和屏幕的VR头戴设备时，你将被三维影像，声音和其他感官信息环绕包围，这些会营造出一种名为“临场感”的超现实效果。尽管你知道身边的感官信息是虚拟的，你大脑中的某些区域还是会相信它是真的——并且会作出相应的反馈。 苏珊：谢谢，弗兰克。你能为我们举几个VR应用的实例吗？ 弗兰克：当然乐意。VR在教育领域有大量应用。教学VR使学生能够在一个三维环境中与其他人互动。能使在VR系统中创作的题材具有无限的可能性。你可以想象在一个完全沉浸式的环境中学习太阳系或者人体构造。这种新的学习手段通过一种富有意义的方式呈现内容，能够吸引学生的兴趣并且提高学习效率。这些应用还能进一步扩展，使得工程项目和其他各类设计开发项目的数据更容易得到可视化的呈现。这真的很令人激动！ 苏珊：听起来VR有着许多具有建设性的应用。那么，它在医药等高新技术产业的应用如何呢？ 弗兰克：外科医生已经在借助VR和机器人技术完成复杂的外科手术。如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？这项技术可以用来训练新晋外科医生，也可以帮助专家在对人体进行实验之前安全地测试新技术。焦虑和药物成瘾的治疗则是另外一些具有价值且成本低廉的VR应用。 苏珊：这太惊人了！听起来VR会是一种既能挽救生命又能改变生活的技术。对于娱乐、购物和旅行等日常生活的不同方面，它会带来怎样的影响呢？ 弗兰克：娱乐产业是最热切追捧VR的行业之一。目前的游戏系统配有头戴设备，能够让玩家进入虚拟环境，与真实或虚拟的敌人竞赛。用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。网上购物时，你可以期待拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣服、360°全方位查看商品。此外，想要出门度假的人们将有机会以虚拟的方式游览一些目的地，然后再决定去哪儿。在这两种场景下，VR技术将帮助人们作出更明智的选择。 苏珊：我都等不及了！但是任何技术都有瓶颈，VR的发展想必也是如此吧？ 弗兰克：其实说到底就三个方面——时间、费用和技术局限。我们需要时间来开发并调试硬件和软件。早期费用在一开始会吓退大多数人，但这个问题应该会慢慢解决。最后的问题是我们自身的技术局限。在某些领域，光是试图弄清楚如何从技术角度实现我们的想法就将是挑战重重的。 苏珊：考虑到需要应对这么多挑战，你对VR的未来还抱有乐观心态吗？ 弗兰克：当然。当我们谈论VR的时候，需要牢记它的进展之快。VR似乎有着无限可能。比方，5G技术能够以更快的速度提供更稳定的移动网络连接，它将使人们在任何地方都能享受到更为沉浸式的VR体验。我们的确只是受限于我们的想象力罢了。最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，对技术都习以为常。他们具备良好的条件成为技术代的一员。他们在未来将会发展并使用VR所做的事情，在今天的我们看来可能是难以想象的。 苏珊：谢谢你，弗兰克。这一切听起来都很美好。 第一步　文本整体理解：理清文章架构 1．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Applications of VR as well as its challenges. B．Future of VR. C．Widespread usage of VR in our lives. D．Applications of VR in education. 答案　A 2．Skim the passage and fill in the blanks. Topic of the interview Virtual reality Applications Education It enables students to (1)interact_with others in a three­D environment. Medicine •Perform (2)complex_surgery． •Train new surgeons. •Enable experts (3)to_test_new_techniques_safely before trying them on human subjects. •Treat (4)anxiety_and_drug_addiction． Other aspects VR can be used in other aspects of everyday lives，such as (5)entertainment，shopping and travelling. Barriers (6)Time，cost and technical limitations. Frank's attitude (7)Optimistic. 第二步　文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节信息 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Why does Susan choose Frank to be the interviewee of her magazine? A．The relationship between them is fellow students. B．The firm which Frank has been working for is closely related to virtual reality. C．Frank knows particularly how to apply virtual reality into surgery. D．Susan knows that Frank has great interest on virtual reality. 2．According to the transcript，which of the following is TRUE? A．Virtual reality is only beneficial to mankind. B．The presence surrounding you is true. C．Virtual reality could be applied in education; medicine; entertainment as well as military. D．Virtual reality refers to the reality that can't be touched or felt really. 3．Which statement is right about the application of VR in daily life? A．It helps people save time while shopping. B．It offers more vacation opportunities. C．It allows people to see exhibition at home. D．It helps people make more informed choices. 4．What's the Frank's attitude towards the virtual reality? A．Unbiased.　　　　　 B．Suspicious. C．Favorable.　　　　　 D．Indignant. 答案　1－4　B D D C 第三步　难句解构 1．What excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；who引导定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，对技术都习以为常。 2．They're well equipped to become part of a technological generation that will develop and use VR to do things we might think impossible today. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词generation；we might think impossible today为省略了关系代词的定语从句。 [尝试翻译]他们在未来将会发展并使用VR所做的事情，在今天的我们看来可能是难以想象的。 [核心单词] 1．practical problems　　　　　　 实际问题 2．trade barriers_ 贸易壁垒 3．the initial_cost 早期费用 4．at the expense_of fashion 以时尚为代价 5．gender_differences 性别差异 [拓展单词] 1．definition n. 定义；释义，解释→define vt.给(词语)下定义；解释(词语)的含义；明确；界定 2．practical adj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的→practice n. 实践；惯例；习惯；习俗 3．academic adj. 教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的→academically adv. 学术上；学业上 4．engage_vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用→ engagement n．订婚；预约；联系；聘用 5. optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的→optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义→optimist n. 乐观的人；乐天派 6．annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→annoyed adj.感到恼怒的，感到烦恼的→annoying adj.令人恼怒的，令人生气的，令人烦恼的→annoyance n. 恼怒，生气，烦恼；使人烦恼的事 7．globe n. 球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界→ global adj.全球的→globally adv.全球地 8．envy n．&vt. 羡慕，妒忌→envious adj.羡慕嫉妒的 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．be_equipped_with　　　 配备有…… 2．a_variety_of_ 各种各样的 3．lie_in 在于 4．be_applied_to 被应用于 5．at_the_expense_of 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 6．figure_out 弄清楚 7．in_terms_of 从……的角度；依据 8．be_optimistic_about 对……乐观 9．keep_in_mind 记住 10．think_of...as 把……看作 第二组　英译汉 11．at the forefront of 处于最前列，进入重要地位 12．be surrounded by 被……围着 13．a host of 许多，大量 14．boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 15．serve up 提供 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．What if...？“要是……会怎样呢？” What_if_I_told_you_that_doctors_could_create(如果我告诉你，医生可以创造出)a virtual“twin”in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? 2．before引导时间状语从句 It_won't_be_long_before(不久就……)virtual museums and interactive three­D exhibitions become common. 3.特殊疑问词＋动词不定式 Also，people who want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding where_to_go(去哪儿). 4．wherever引导让步状语从句 For example，5G technology，with its potential to serve up more stable mobile connectivity at faster speed，will make it possible for people to enjoy a more immersive VR experience wherever_they_are(无论他们在任何地方). What if ...？“要是……会怎么样呢？” (教材原句)What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual“twin”in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? 如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？ How come...？　　　　 ……怎么会这样？ How/What about...? ……怎么样？ So what? 那又怎样？ Why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事呢？ [佳句]　What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? 如果他们长时间谈论你并不感兴趣的画怎么办？ ◎基础练透——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①What if there is a wonderful football match on Saturday nights? ②If she spent five years in Paris，how come her French is so bad? ③—I'm afraid it's too expensive. —So_what(那又怎样)？We have plenty of money. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④要是他不陪你去北京怎么办呢？ What_if_he_doesn't_accompany_you_to Beijing? before引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)It won't be long before virtual museums and interactive three­D exhibitions become common. 用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。 (1)It＋be＋时间段＋before从句 “多久之后才……”。 (2)It＋be＋not long＋before从句 “不久就……”。 [佳句]　Don't worry.It won't be long before you adapt to the new environment. 别担心。你不久就会适应新环境。 [名师点津]　It＋is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句，表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①There was additional work to be done before all the troops would be ready. ②It has been ten years_since_we last saw each other. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③我们还需要一段时间才能从统计数据上证明这些变化是由气候变化引起的。 It'll_be_some_time_before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change. 特殊疑问词＋动词不定式 (教材原句)Also，people who want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding where to go. 此外，想要出门度假的人们将有机会以虚拟的方式游览一些目的地，然后再决定去哪儿。 (1)“疑问词十动词不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，疑问词包括疑问代词(who，what，which)和疑问副词(when，where，how)。 (2)该结构作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 (3)该结构常常可以转换成相应的名词性从句。 [佳句]　She couldn't think what to give the children for the Spring Festival. 她想不出春节该送孩子们什么礼物。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①When and where to hold the meeting remains(remain) to be discussed further. ②I don't know what_to do with this problem. It's too hard. ◎能力提升——微写作/句型转换 ③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)关于如何改进改编自我们英语课本的短剧你能给我们一些建议吗？ Could you give us some advice on how_to_improve_the_short_play_adapted from our English textbook? ④I'd like to take this opportunity to talk about the way in which I learn English on the Internet. →I'd like to take this opportunity to talk about how_to_learn_English_on_the_Internet．(疑问词＋动词不定式) wherever引导让步状语从句 (教材原句)For example，5G technology，with its potential to serve up more stable mobile connectivity at faster speed，will make it possible for people to enjoy a more immersive VR experience wherever they are. 比方，5G技术能够以更快的速度提供更稳定的移动网络连接，它将使人们在任何地方都能享受到更为沉浸式的VR体验。 (1)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 (2)no matter＋wh­只引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，其含义相当于wh­＋ever，意为“不管，无论”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。 [佳句]　(2021·全国甲卷)In my opinion，whenever in trouble，we should seek help from those we trust most. 我认为，无论何时遇到困难，我们都应该向我们最信任的人求助。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①(2021·天津3月卷)Jordan said that no matter how_it ends，it starts with hope. ②(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Whatever it is，the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. ③(2021·浙江6月卷)So，whoever you are，thank you for the random act of kindness that not only helped my mother out，but made her day too. ④No matter when I have difficulties in my English study，you are the one that I will turn to first. ◎能力提升——一句多译 ⑤不管未来的生活有多大的挑战，我都愿意勇敢地去拥抱它。 →No_matter_how_challenging_the_future_life_is，I'd like to embrace it bravely.(no matter＋疑问词) →However_challenging_the_future_life_is，I'd like to embrace it bravely.(疑问词＋ever) annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰 (教材原句)Does it annoy you to see cars blocking the road like weeds when you are travelling? 当你旅行时，看到汽车像杂草一样堵在路上，你会感到烦恼吗？ (1)annoy sb. with sth./by doing sth. 　　　　　　　 因某事/(做)某事使某人烦恼 What annoys sb. most is that... 最让某人生气的是…… (2)be annoyed with sb. 对某人感到生气 (3)annoying adj. 使人不高兴的；恼人的 [佳句]　You will get annoyed in a theater when a person sits too close to you. 在剧院里，如果有人坐得离你太近，你会很生气。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Who hasn't received an email so annoying (annoy) that it ruined an entire day? ②To be honest，voters sometimes feel annoyed (annoy)，not because they hate voting，but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③最使他恼火的是没有人向他道歉。 What_annoyed_him_most_was_that he had received no apology. [语境串记] What annoyed me yesterday was that he said some annoying words and it also made my parents annoyed. 昨天让我生气的是他说了一些令人讨厌的话，这也让我的父母很生气。 维度1　单词拼写 1．Duties and taxes are the most obvious barriers(障碍) to free trade. 2．It wouldn't be practical(切合实际的) for us to go all that way just for the weekend. 3．With repeated applications of weedkiller，the weeds(杂草) were overcome. 4．Women are sometimes denied opportunities only because of their gender(性别). 5．The garden was transformed at great expense(花费). 维度2　单句语法填空 1．He is a person who is optimistic about life and we all like to associate with him. 2．It annoyed(annoy)me that I didn't have time to do more ironing. 3．He saw the envious(envy) look in the other boy's eyes. 4．Established in 1990，the HSK test was initially(initial) meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language. 5．They are engaged_in_talks with the Irish government. 维度3　完成句子 1．无论你住在哪里，你都有必要学会为一些紧急情况做准备。(wherever) Wherever_you_live，it's necessary for you to learn to prepare for some emergencies. 2．他们一直站在政治变革运动的最前线。(forefront) They have been at_the_forefront_of_the campaign for political change. 3．他以牺牲健康为代价建立了企业。(expense) He built up the business at_the_expense_of_his health. 000000000 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$