6 UNIT2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态 分析下列教材中的句子并体会它们的语法功能。 1．Six weeks ago，my friends told me that a city half­marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity，and encouraged me to take part. 2．I ran my race relaxed and confident，even though my limits were being tested like never before. 3.I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity. 4．By the time he died in 2016，Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time. 5．When my breathing returned to normal，I reflected on what had just been achieved. [我的发现] (1)句1和句2使用过去进行时的被动语态。表示过去正在进行的被动动作。 (2)句3、句4和句5使用过去完成时的被动语态。表示“过去的过去”的被动动作。 一、过去进行时的被动语态 表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动的动作。 (一)过去进行时的被动语态的基本构成： 1．过去进行时的被动语态的肯定式为：was/were＋being＋done。 The trees were being planted from Monday to Friday last week by us. 这些树是我们上周从星期一到星期五种的。 Computer was being majored by him during his college. 他那时正在大学学计算机专业。 2．过去进行时的被动语态的否定式为：was/were＋not＋being＋done。 The movie star wasn't being followed by a fan. 那个电影明星没有被影迷跟随。 3．过去进行时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将was/were提到主语的前面。 Were the songs being sung these days? 这些天有人唱这些歌吗？ 4．过去进行时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词＋was/were＋(主语)＋being＋done。 What was being done to the machine? 对这台机器要采取什么措施？ (二)过去进行时的被动语态的基本用法： 1．过去进行时的被动语态，表示过去正在进行的被动动作。 At this time last year this writing building was being built here. 去年此时这座写字楼正在建造中。 2．过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用。 The watch was being repaired twice.(×) The watch has/ had been repaired twice.(√) The house over there was being built for two months.(×) The house over there has/ had been built for two months.(√) 3．少数及物动词的过去进行时的被动语态表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。 I heard some rock music was being played by them the next week. 我听说下周将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。 二、过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态表示一个被动动作或状态开始于过去，持续到过去某个时间为止，强调对过去产生的影响和结果。过去完成时的被动语态构成：had＋been＋动词的过去分词。 (一)过去完成时的被动语态的用法 1．过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。 Johnson risked his life saving his daughter who had been trapped in the mountain for two days. Johnson冒着生命危险挽救了他被困在山里两天的女儿。 2．过去完成时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，并且有可能持续到说话时。可与for＋时间段或since＋时间点等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。 The machine had been repaired for two hours when I got there. 当我到那儿时，这台机器已被修了两小时了。 3．过去完成时的被动语态经常用于虚拟语气中。 The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。 (二)过去完成时的被动语态与现在完成时的被动语态的区别 过去完成时的被动语态表示一个被动动作或状态开始于过去，持续到过去某个时间为止，强调对过去产生的影响和结果。而现在完成时的被动语态表示一个被动动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在并有可能继续持续下去，强调对现在产生的影响和结果。主要把握住针对的时间是现在还是过去。 Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides. 尽管经过了前几轮会谈，但双方迄今尚未达成任何协议。 After a whole afternoon's heated discussion，they finally declared to us what had been decided. 经过一下午的热烈讨论，他们终于向我们宣布了决定。 limit n．限度，限制；限量，限额；界限vt.限制，限定；限量，减量 (教材原句)I ran my race relaxed and confident，even though my limits were being tested like never before. 尽管我的极限受到了前所未有的考验，我还是轻松自信地参加了比赛。 (1)limit...to...　　　 把……限制到…… be limited to 受限于…… (2)set a limit to sth. 对……限定范围 within limits 在某种程度上；有一定限制 beyond the limit 超过限度 speed limit 速度限制 (3)limited adj. 有限的 [佳句]　He suggests the number of cars (should) be limited to stop air pollution. 他建议限制汽车的数量以阻止空气污染。 [名师点津]　limit...to...和set a limit to sth.短语中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动词­ing形式。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The couple set a limit to the expense of the trip for their daughter. ②Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited (limit) resources. ③I have always had to work beyond the limit of my strength. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④文章的长度应限制在四百词左右。 The length of the article should_be_limited_to_400_words_or_so． [语境串记] The natural resources we have are limited.Therefore，we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit. 我们拥有的自然资源是有限的。因此，我们没有理由无限制的浪费宝贵的资源。 whether...or...引导让步状语从句 (教材原句)Whether you come first or last，it is important to remember that at any sporting event，you face two opponents：your fellow competitors and yourself. 无论你是第一个还是最后一个，重要的是要记住，在任何体育赛事中，你都要面对两个对手：你的竞争对手和你自己。 whether...or...引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……还是……”，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。 whether...or...可引导名词性从句，意为“是……还是……”。 [佳句]　I'd appreciate it if you let me know whether you are available or not in advance. 如果你提前告知我你是否有空我将感激不尽。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①It doesn't matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park. ②I don't care whether he will come_or_not. ③But if he's out there every day playing，you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④自从灾难发生以来，所有的人，无论贫富，都在尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。 All people，whether_they_are_rich_or_poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 维度1　单词拼写 1．I felt a sharp pain and looked down to see blood pouring(涌出) from my leg. 2．Somehow he always manages to defeat most of his opponents(对手). 3．They were entertained by top singers，dancers and celebrities(名人). 4．Take a nap after a heavy study session(一段时间) to allow your brain to rest. 5．Only people with a strong constitution(身体素质) can climb the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山). 维度2　单句语法填空 1．The book starts slowly，but it gradually_(gradual)draws you in. 2．He was born in a poor family，and only received limited (limit) education in his childhood. 3．His movements were so graceful_(grace) that they seemed effortless. 4．Organ donation to strangers is considered a(n) unselfish (selfish) act. 5．The trip to that city was eye­opening for everyone，and near its end，all the young people in our group began to reflect_on_what it had meant. 维度3　完成句子 1．你应该留出一些时间来反思你的成功和失败。(reflection) You should set aside some time to_reflect_on_your_successes_and_failures． 2．安迪和鲁比第一个登上了泰山的山顶，他们累得喘不过气来。(the＋序数词＋动词不定式) Tired and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the_first_to_reach_the_top_of_Mount_Tai． 3．不管他的队输赢，你都应该赞扬他的努力。(whether...or...) You should praise his effort regardless of whether_his_team_wins_or_loses． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$