2 UNIT1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 过去完成时 分析下列教材中的句子并体会它们的语法功能。 1．By this time，the fire had extended to the 15th floor. 2．There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules. 3．He regularly visited the library and studied English and law—by then he had learned very little English. [我的发现] (1)句1中时间状语by this time，指截止到过去的时间，谓语动词用过去完成时。 (2)句2中follow发生在build之前，build是发生在过去的动作，follow应用过去完成时。 (3)句3中有时间状语by then，谓语动词用过去完成时。 (4)过去完成时的构成为主语＋had_done。 一、构成 肯定句：主语＋had＋done 否定句：主语＋had not＋done... 一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋done...? 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋had＋(主语＋)done...? 二、用法 1．表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。 The captain had checked all the equipment before the ship set sail. 船长在船启航前检查了所有的设备。 2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有by then，by the end of，by the time。 By the end of last term，we had learnt 2，000English words. 到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2 000个英语单词了。 We had learnt English for 8 years by the last year. 到去年为止，我们已经学了8年英语了。 3．表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，intend，plan等后接动词不定式时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。 I had intended to meet him at the airport，but I had an important meeting to attend. 我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。 I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away.　 我本打算今年去度假，可是我走不开。 4．用于“This/It was the first/second...time that...”“It was＋一段时间＋since从句”，从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had visited the Great Wall. 这是我第一次参观长城。 It was three years since he had joined the army. 他参军三年了。 5．在hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...等结构中，主句一般使用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当否定副词hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 Hardly had I finished the work when the light went out. 我刚做完工作，灯就灭了。 No sooner had she arrived than she devoted herself to her research. 她一到就致力于她的研究工作。 6．主句谓语为过去时，在表示过去动作先于主句动作发生的宾语从句中，用过去完成时。 He told me he had watched the sunrise at the top of Mount Tai. 他告诉我他在泰山顶上看过日出。 7．在条件状语从句中，表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句要用过去完成时。 If you had helped me，I would have got a high score. 如果你帮助我，我就能得高分了。 accuse vt.谴责，控诉 (教材原句)His paper published articles about politics and social issues，accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes. 他的报纸刊登关于政治和社会问题的文章，谴责政府官员满口谎言和富人逃税。 (1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth.　 控告/指控/指责某人(做)某事 ＝charge sb. with (doing) sth. 因(做)某事指控某人 be accused of... 被指控…… (2)the accused 被告 [佳句]　He was accused of having thrown the game. 他被指责故意放水，输掉了这场比赛。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Some Western media outlets and politicians accuse India's sharing culture of leading developing countries into a debt trap. ②For lack of enough evidence，the accused (accuse) was allowed to go free. ◎能力提升——一句多译 由于被指控偷钱，这个人被带到了法庭。 ③Accused_of_stealing_money，the man was brought to the court.(accuse) ④Charged_with_stealing_money，the man was brought to the court.(charge) mount vi.逐步增加vt. 攀登，爬上 n．山 (教材原句)He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post­Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the bestselling newspaper in the country. 他采用了他在《圣路易斯邮报》所采用的同样的商业策略，报纸的销量不断攀升，直到成为全国最畅销的报纸。 (1)mount the stage　　　 走上舞台 mount up (尺寸和数量上)增加，上升 (2)mounting adj. 上升的，增长的 [点津]　mount还有“vt.举行，开展”之意。 [佳句]　The children's excitement is mounting as Spring Festivals gets nearer. 随着春节临近，孩子们越来越兴奋。 ◎基础练透——写出下列句中mount的词性和含义/单句语法填空 ①The gallery mounted an exhibition of art by a famous woman painter last week.vt.举办 ②He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd.vt.登上 ③The education investment in China has mounted up in recent years. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④随着兴奋的加剧，孩子们变得更吵了。(mount) As_the_excitement_mounted，the children became noisier. witness vt.& vi.是发生……的时间(或地点)，见证；目击；作证；是……的迹象n.目击人，见证人；证人 (教材原句)The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of online news media. 过去数十年见证了网络新闻媒体的快速发展。 (1)witness sth./that ...　　 目击…… witness to (doing) sth. 证实/证明(做)某事 (2)a witness of/to sth. 某事/物的目击者/见证人/证明/证据 [佳句]　The past ten years has witnessed a boom in economy in my hometown. 过去的十年见证了我家乡经济的繁荣。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①However，her children have learned an important lesson witnessing (witness) their mother earn her degree. ②His good health is a witness to/of the success of the treatment. ③What the police did first was to question all the witnesses (witness) involved in the accident last week. ◎能力提升——同义句转换 ④We all had a really enjoyable time in the tea house. →The tea house witnessed_a_really_enjoyable_time for all of us. 维度1　单词拼写 1．To enjoy the convenience of digital payment，many senior citizens(市民) started to use smart phones. 2．More than 50，000 yuan has been raised for the poor family since the group was founded (建立). 3．Psychologists have identified a number of categories(种类) of risks. 4．As a matter of fact，everyone in the world hopes to have his music broadcast(广播). 5．As time goes by，Beijing Opera has enjoyed great popularity among people from all walks of life，becoming one of the most popular dramas(戏剧) in China. 维度2　单句语法填空 1．The worker was accused of neglecting his duty. 2．In spite of all his efforts，his debts continued to mount up． 3．New buildings sprang up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. 4．We can see the interaction(interact) between performers and their audience in the performance. 5．The fact that many species are dying out results from more and more noise pollution. 维度3　完成句子 1．郎平成为第一位既以运动员的身份又以教练的身份获得奥运会金牌的人。(the＋序数词＋动词不定式) Lang Ping has become_the_first_to_win_gold_medals at the Olympics both as a coach and player. 2．由于疫情，这个城镇与外界隔绝了。(due) The town was cut off from the rest of the world due_to_the_epidemic． 3．十九世纪下半叶见证了交通工具的迅速发展。(witness) The last half of the 19th century witnessed_the_rapid_improvement in the means of travel. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$