Unit5 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 5 A delicate world 主题语境：人与自然——保护我们脆弱的星球 Section Ⅱ　 Using language 目录/CONTENTS 突破——语法精讲 专项提能 01 02 探究——要点直击 核心突破 闯关——达标检测 夯基固本 03 突破——语法精讲 专项提能 探 究——要点直击 核心突破 (动植物)是……地方特有的；原产于；出生于( to 是介词) be native to 1 (使)分解；(机器或车辆)出故障；(身体)垮掉 break down 2 课下巩固训练（十四） With the world becoming a global village, I find it necessary to have a good command of English. To improve your writing，you'd better make it a rule to keep a diary every day. I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. I consider it our responsibility to take action to prevent the extinction of endangered animals. We find it very strange that the importance of worms is often overlooked in environmental protection work. ①I think it important to protect the environment．②But some people take it for granted that the resources are endless, which has caused great harm to nature．③Other people feel it urgent to protect the environment and save resources．④Therefore，we should see to it that effective measures should be taken to prevent pollution．⑤At last，I think it our duty to protect the earth． 以上句子中，句①、句③和句⑤中it充当形式宾语，代替后面的 ； 句②和句④中it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语是 。 动词不定式 that从句 it作形式宾语 一、概念 当动词不定式、动词­ing形式或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为了保持句子的结构平衡，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到句末。 二、用法 it作形式宾语主要分为以下几种情况： 1．it作形式宾语代替动词不定式 常用动词不定式作真正宾语的句型：动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋(for sb．) to do sth． ①I find it pleasant to work with him． 我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。 ②He makes it a rule never to borrow money from others． 他的规矩是从不向别人借钱。 ③He likes to stay up late, so he often feels sleepy, which makes it difficult for him to concentrate on what he is doing． 他喜欢熬夜，所以他经常感到困倦，这使他很难集中精力在他正在做的事情上。 2．it作形式宾语代替动词­ing形式 常用动词­ing形式作真正宾语的句型：动词＋it＋no good/no use/no value/worthwhile＋doing sth． ①I think it no good spending too much time watching TV． 我认为花太多时间看电视是没有好处的。 ②He thought it no use trying to multiply their number． 他认为企图增加它们的数量没有用。 persuading ————即学即练1———— 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①I think it my honor (invite) to speak here． ②All these noises made it impossible for me (go) on with the work． ③I find it no use (advise) him to change his mind． ④I feel it no use (persuade) him into doing it． to be invited to go advising 3．it作形式宾语代替从句 (1)it代替that引导的宾语从句。 ①We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled． 会议取消了，我们都感到很遗憾。 ②I find it strange that she doesn't want to go． 她竟然不想去，我觉得奇怪。 【点拨】　上述句中it后面需要有名词或形容词作宾语补足语。 (2)it用在hate, like, dislike, can't bear, can't stand, appreciate等之后，代替when/if引导的宾语从句。 ①I hate it when he talks with his mouth full． 我讨厌他嘴里塞满了东西跟人说话。 ②I like it when a book is so good that you cannot put it down． 我喜欢那种一本书好得让人爱不释手的感觉。 ③He will appreciate it if they assist him to tackle the problem． 如果他们帮他解决这个难题，他将非常感激。 (3)在一些“动词＋介词”构成的短语，如：depend on，rely on，see to，stick to，take．．．for granted，owe．．．to sb．等常先接it，再接that 引导的从句。 ①Would you see to it that she gets home early? 你负责保证她早到家，好吗？ ②You can't depend on it that he will keep his promise that he will mount the top of the mountain． 你不能指望他会遵守他登上山顶的诺言。 ③He owes it to his friend's help that he has made great progress in English． 他把在英语方面取得的巨大进步归功于朋友的帮助。 ————即学即练2———— 单句语法填空 ①He disliked it she behaved badly before his mother． ②See to that you're ready on time． ③I took for granted that he would believe in us． when it it native English speakers 以英语为母语的人 one's native land/country/language 某人的故乡/祖国/母语 a native of ……本地人；产于……的动物/植物 be home to 是……的所在地/出产地 native language 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①This kind of plant is native America and was introduced into China in the Ming Dynasty． ②Is her uncle a native Shanghai, or just a visitor? ③中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。 China is our , and Chinese is our ． to of native country break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离；摆脱 break into 闯入 break out 爆发；发生 break up 驱散；拆开；分手；结束 broke up broke down 【练透】　选用所讲短语填空/词汇升级 ①You will if you always stay up late． ②She is trying to the bad habit, which makes her parents happy． ③The room is in a mess．It must have while we were away． ④In order to get some money, the man that old machine and sold some parts． ⑤The elevator didn't work and we had to walk up to the tenth floor． →The elevator and we had to walk up to the tenth floor． break down break away from been broken into broke down is responsible for Ⅰ．选词填空(每题1分，共8分) be native to; due to; take in; rely on; feed on; be responsible for; in existence; break down 1．Birds nuts and berries in the winter． 2．A recent survey shows that college students born after 1995 mainly the Internet for social contact． 3．The researcher says the tiger India． 4．We were downloading learning materials when our computer ． 5．The drunk driver the accident that happened on a foggy morning． feed on rely on is native to took in it to fight to look that 6．She has been absent from work illness． 7．The organization is said to have been for 25 years． 8．I'm not sure how much of his explanation she ． it that complaining it Ⅱ．单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共12分) 1．I hate when someone comes in without knocking at the door． 2．He felt it his duty (fight) for human rights and progress． 3．She made it her duty (look) after all the other people's affairs in that town． 4．We owe it to you we all passed the exam successfully． 5．He thinks important for us to try to do some housework after school． 6．You may rely on it he'll come to meet you． 7．We think it no use (complain) about the failure of our experiment． 8．The school makes a rule that the students should stand up when class begins． due to in existence Ⅲ．链接写作——用it作形式宾语翻译句子(每题4分，共20分) 1．随着世界变成了地球村，我觉得学好英语很有必要。 2．要想提高你的写作水平，你最好把每天写日记当成习惯。 3．如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 4．我认为采取行动阻止濒危动物的灭绝是我们的职责。 5．在环境保护工作中，蠕虫的重要性经常被忽视，我们觉得这很奇怪。 Ⅰ．阅读理解(每题2.5分，共10分) The Galpagos Islands are situated 1，000 km from the Ecuadorian coast in the Pacific Ocean．The archipelago (群岛) and its marine reserve are unique．Its geographical isolation (隔绝) led to the evolution of unusual species—such as marine iguanas, flightless cormorants, endemic daisy trees and the many different mockingbirds and finches—all of which helped inspire Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection following his visit in 1835． The archipelago receives protection through the Galpagos National Park, created in 1959 and covering 97% of the archipelago, named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, and the Galpagos Marine Reserve created in 1998 extends 50，000 square miles．However, many of the unique species and ecosystems remain threatened．Unlike other places in the world, the biggest threat comes from invasive species that make life difficult for the original inhabitants． Land iguanas have been extinct on Santiago Island since the early 20th century, likely due to introduced animals such as wild cats and goats．The eradication of these invasive species over a decade ago led to rapid recovery of the natural vegetation and created the conditions necessary to reintroduce species such as the land iguana． Experts have released more than 3，000 land iguanas on the island since January 2019, to support the survival of Galpagos land iguanas and help restore Santiago's ecological health．However, reintroductions can only be considered successful once certain conditions are met, one of which is the presence of multiplication and offspring (幼崽) survival． Last July, experts from the Galpagos National Park and scientific advisors returned to Santiago, covering 36 km2 over five days searching for iguanas．The team was delighted to find unmarked baby iguanas of various ages, showing the species is reproducing successfully． The Galpagos Islands are famous for successful conservation action and more action is needed to manage continuing problems as well as threats of new arrivals from the mainland． [语篇解读]本文是说明文。加拉帕戈斯群岛成功地重新引进陆地鬣蜥，在保护生态环境方面成果显著。 1．Which of the following contributes to the diversity of rare species on the archipelago? A．Its unique soil type． B．Its remote location． C．Its unusual water quality． D．Its conservationists' intervention． 解析：选B。细节理解题。由第一段中的“Its geographical isolation．．．unusual species”可知，加拉帕戈斯群岛地理位置偏远，导致这里进化出很多的稀有物种。 2．How is the archipelago different from other places according to Paragraph 2? A．It has the largest national park． B．It received protection earlier than any other place． C．Many of its unique species and ecosystems have been lost． D．Introduced species are the biggest danger to native inhabitants． 解析：选D。细节理解题。由第二段中的“Unlike other places．．．original inhabitants”可知，与世界上其他地方不同，加拉帕戈斯群岛本地物种面临的最大威胁来自外来入侵物种。 3．Why did the experts release land iguanas on Santiago Island? A．To eradicate wild cats and goats． B．To help land iguanas prosper once again． C．To uncover the threat to Santiago's ecosystem． D．To create the necessary conditions for reintroducing other species． 解析：选B。细节理解题。由第四段中的“Experts have released．．．land iguanas”可知，专家们重新引进陆地鬣蜥是为了挽救其濒临灭绝的局面，帮助它们重新繁荣起来。 4．What marks the success of reintroducing land iguanas? A．The various sized holes they dig to lay eggs． B．The survival of their offspring at different ages． C．A substantial improvement in the local environment． D．The increasing number of their enemies on the island． 解析：选B。推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“The team was．．．reproducing successfully”可知，专家们发现了不同年龄段的陆地鬣蜥幼崽，这满足了第四段中提到的判定引进陆地鬣蜥是否成功的必要条件：presence of multiplication and offspring survival，由此可推知，正是不同年龄段幼崽的成活标志着这次引进行为的成功。 Ⅱ．完形填空(每题2分，共30分) (2024·福建师大附中高二上期末)Mariah Reading is an environmentalist, who grew up with an early appreciation for nature．While studying art at Bowdoin College, she saw the vast amounts of 1 from her painting and sculpture classes．She began to seriously consider her footprint as a(n) 2 “How can I paint landscapes if I'm 3 them？”she thought．Then she started using the refuse (垃圾) as her canvas (画布)． After graduation, Mariah travelled throughout the country， 4 rubbish to bring to her studio．One day, a 5 hubcap (轮毂盖) she found by the side of the road gave her a new 6 ．She noticed the half hubcap had cracked off to 7 the line of the mountain range that she was in．So she 8 the mountain landscape on it and held it up in front of the real 9 and took a photo．It became the first in her 10 series． Over the years, she has painted more than 100 pieces of rubbish transformations 11 matching real­life landscapes．It's like 12 new life into forgotten objects．Her practice 13 the principle of “leaving no trace” by 14 painting with sculpture and photography． Mariah hopes people see themselves and their own habits 15 into her works and make small changes in their everyday lives． [语篇解读]本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了生态艺术家Mariah Reading用艺术的方式为环保出力。她把对自然的热爱与艺术相结合，在被丢弃的垃圾上作画，创作出与周围风景相匹配的美丽山水，通过艺术作品提醒人们要环保。 1．A．paper B．power C．waste D．work 解析：选C。根据上文“Mariah Reading is an environmentalist”以及下文“Then she started using the refuse as her canvas．”可知，玛丽亚·里丁关注环保，发现绘画和雕塑课程有大量的浪费(waste)，促使她以后选择了环保的方式来继续作画。故选C项。 2．A．artist B．cleaner C．journalist D．mechanic 解析：选A。根据上文“While studying art at Bowdoin College, she saw the vast amounts of 1 from her painting and sculpture classes．”可知，玛丽亚·里丁学习艺术，以后会成为艺术家(artist)。故选A项。 3．A．exploring B．harming C．forgetting D．shaping 解析：选B。根据上文“Mariah Reading is an environmentalist, who grew up with an early appreciation for nature．”可知，玛丽亚·里丁作为一个环保人士，不愿意在绘画过程中有破坏(harming)风景的行为。故选B项。 4．A．picking up B．learning about C．complaining of D．taking out 解析：选A。根据下文“rubbish to bring to her studio”可知，玛丽亚·里丁在游历过程中看见垃圾，会把垃圾捡起(picking up)带回工作室用作画布。故选A项。 5．A．hidden B．lost C．new D．broken 解析：选D。根据下文“She noticed the half hubcap had cracked off”可知，这是个坏掉的(broken)轮毂盖。故选D项。 6．A．medium B．life C．reason D．idea 解析：选D。根据下文“So she 8 the mountain landscape on it and held it up in front of the real 9 and took a photo．”可知，她在这块轮毂盖上作画，这激发了她用垃圾作画布的想法(idea)。故选D项。 7．A．damage B．connect C．form D．cross 解析：选C。根据下文“the line of the mountain range that she was in”可知，此处指这半个轮毂盖的形状，构成了(form)她所处的山脉的线条。故选C项。 8．A．protected B．painted C．changed D．enjoyed 解析：选B。根据上文“Then she started using the refuse as her canvas”及下文“It became the first in her 9 series．”可知，玛丽亚把轮毂盖当作画布，在上面画(painted)山景。故选B项。 9．A．range B．car C．picture D．road 解析：选A。根据上文“She noticed the half hubcap had cracked off to 7 the line of the mountain range that she was in．”可知，这半个轮毂盖的轮廓线与这个山脉的线条相似。玛丽亚把画了山景的轮毂盖与山脉(range)同框拍照，展现它们的线条的相似性。故选A项。 10．A．outdated B．ongoing C．energy­consuming D．self­centered 解析：选B。根据下文“Over the years, she has painted more than 100 pieces of rubbish and photographed her transformations 11 matching real­life landscapes．”可知，从轮毂盖上作第一张画开始，玛丽亚的以垃圾为画布的系列已经持续好几年了，还在进行中(ongoing)。故选B项。 11．A．from B．without C．against D．as 解析：选C。根据上文“So she 8 the mountain landscape on it and held it up in front of the real 9 and took a photo．”可知，玛丽亚的画都依据真实的景观而作，并以实景为背景，画与实景相匹配，同框留影。against以……为背景，映衬。故选C项。 12．A．forcing B．breathing C．attracting D．turning 解析：选B。根据下文“new life into forgotten objects”可知，她的画作像给被遗忘的东西注入新的生命。短语breathe．．．into．．．意为“注入……到……中”，这些成为画布的垃圾有了新的意义。故选B项。 13．A．ignores B．replaces C．integrates D．highlights 解析：选D。根据上文“Over the years, she has painted more than 100 pieces of rubbish and photographed her transformations 11 matching real­life landscapes．”可知，玛丽亚的“垃圾作画布”系列作品，画与实景相匹配，突出(highlight)了“不留痕迹”的原则。故选D项。 14．A．surrounding B．filling C．combining D．comparing 解析：选C。根据下文“painting with sculpture and photography”可知，玛丽亚的“垃圾作画布”系列中，绘画、雕塑和摄影相结合(combining)。故选C项。 15．A．trapped B．admitted C．added D．reflected 解析：选D。根据上文“people see themselves and their own habits”可知，玛丽亚的作品中有着环保理念，希望人们看到在她的作品中映射出(reflected)的自己和自己的习惯，并在日常生活中做出小小的改变。故选D项。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每题2分，共20分) (2024·广东省潮州市高二上期末)Short and simple as they are, fables teach people important life lessons and reveal the truths hidden in ordinary events．In fact, many parents find 1 less laborious and more effective to instill (逐渐灌输) correct concepts into their children by leading them to read interesting and 2 (inspire) fables than just through lectures．The following is a good example of how an ancient Chinese fable 3 (help) modern readers understand the world．The story goes like this: A man was attempting 4 (sell) his horse in the market, where he had stood for three days, but none of the passers­by would come to take 5 look．So, he turned to Bo Le, a specialist 6 (fair) famous for his skill in selecting fine horses，7 help．All the man asked Bo Le to do was to walk around the horse three times and turn his head to look at it several times while 8 (leave)．Bo Le agreed and did so．In an instant, the man sold the horse at a high price．The moral of the fable is 9 people tend to blindly follow others' or experts' opinions rather than use their own 10 (judge)．It can't be truer of modern society． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个伯乐选马的寓言故事，告诉我们人们往往会盲目地听从别人或专家的意见，而不是做出自己的判断。现代社会更是如此。 1．解析：it。考查代词。句意：事实上，许多家长发现，通过引导孩子阅读有趣和鼓舞人心的寓言来灌输正确的观念比仅仅通过讲座更省力，也更有效。此处为固定句型：find it＋adj．＋to do sth．“发现做某事是……的”，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。故填it。 2．解析：inspiring。考查形容词。修饰名词fables应用形容词inspiring，故填inspiring。 3．解析：helps。考查时态。句意：下面是一个很好的例子，说明中国古代寓言如何帮助现代读者了解世界。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为an ancient Chinese fable，谓语用单数第三人称形式。故填helps。 4．解析：to sell。考查非谓语动词。句意：故事是这样的：一个人想在市场上卖掉他的马，他在那里站了三天，但是没有一个路人来看。短语attempt to do sth．表示“尝试做某事”。故填to sell。 5．解析：a。考查冠词。短语take a look表示“看一看”。故填a。 6．解析：fairly。考查副词。句意：于是，他向伯乐求助，伯乐是一位以选马而闻名的专家。修饰形容词famous应用副词fairly，故填fairly。 7．解析：for。考查介词。短语turn to sb．for help表示“向某人求助”。故填for。 8．解析：leaving。考查非谓语动词。句意：这个人只让伯乐绕着马走了三圈，离开的时候转过头来看了几次。分析句子结构可知leave与逻辑主语Bo Le构成主动关系，故用现在分词和while构成时间状语，故填leaving。 9．解析：that。考查表语从句。句意：这个寓言的寓意是，人们往往会盲目地听从别人或专家的意见，而不是做出自己的判断。引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。故填that。 10．解析：judgement。考查词性转换。作宾语，应用名词judgement，作“判断力”讲时不可数。故填judgement。 $$