Unit4 Section Ⅲ-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 4 Breaking boundaries 主题语境：人与社会——打破边界 Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas 目录/CONTENTS 读文——语篇研析 深挖教材 背诵——晨背晚默 事半功倍 02 01 03 探究——要点直击 核心突破 闯关——达标检测 夯基固本 04 背 诵——晨背晚默 事半功倍 （词句背诵+语基默写，可打印，教师灵活使用） 读 文——语篇研析 深挖教材 （课文助读，可打印，教师灵活使用） Mike looked back at Jenny, a young girl about his age. by the people and for the people I have a dream that one day all the young man could earn enough money by honest work to buy a big house. I have a dream that one day no lies would be heard from the news. I have a dream that one day no lies would be heard from the news.I have a dream that one day our campus can be as clean as a garden. I have a dream that one day all the students could realize their dreams after over five years' studying.As the saying goes “no pains, no gains”． 探 究——要点直击 核心突破 【高频词汇练全】 为了纪念…… in memory of 1 n．分歧，分裂；差异；分配；除法→divide v．分开，分割→divided adj．分裂的；有分歧的 division 2 使产生，使出现 bring forth 3 v．致力于，献身于→dedicated adj．献身的；专心致志的→dedication n．献身，奉献 dedicate 4 忙于/从事(做)…… be engaged in 5 adj．有影响力的→influence n．& v．影响 influential 6 has influenced me to take up the position as a teacher 【中频词汇练会】 【重点句式练透】 n．交换；交流 vt.交换； 交流；交易；兑换 句型公式：动词不定式短语作后置定语 课下巩固训练（十二） Ⅰ．读文章细节 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Thousands of soldiers died because of the terrible world war． B．The speech by Lincoln was over 268 words long and lasted two minutes． C．The speech was of great help to the nation and its people． D．Because some soldiers were killed，Lincoln made the speech． 2．When did the civil war take place? A．In 1861． B．In 1862． C．In 1863． D．In 1865． √ √ 3．How did the people feel after the civil war? A．Excited． B．Painful． C．Equal． D．Hopeless． 4．What does the text aim to tell us? A．The famous US Presidents． B．The great battles in history． C．The power of speeches． D．The division of America． √ √ Ⅱ．学表达技巧 情绪描写 [教材1]　On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak． [分析]　这句话是在描述Abraham Lincoln演讲的背景信息，用词正式，烘托出战争后人们及 Lincoln的情绪。这里的grey既可用来描述天气阴沉，也有dull和unpleasant的意思，表达了人们沉重、忧郁的心情。 [仿写]　尝试完成有关情绪描写的句子 ①我们应该学会微笑，永远不要被忧郁的心情环绕。 We should learn to smile, never ． ②随着那个重大日子的临近，她变得越来越紧张。 As the great day approached, she grew ． let the blue mood around us more and more nervous 人物介绍 [教材2]　The man was Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, and he was there in memory of the soldiers who had died． [分析]　句中的President of the United States of America是Abraham Lincoln的同位语，介绍了林肯的一些具体信息。运用同位语是进行人物介绍时的常用写作手法。 [仿写]　尝试用同位语翻译句子 迈克回头看到了珍妮，一个和他年龄相仿的小女孩。 介词妙用 [教材3]　．．．and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth． [分析]　介词往往能产生更丰富的语义效果。句中of表达出“属于(人民)”的含义，by突出“由(人民监督、管理)”的含义，for体现出“为了(人民)”的含义，该句言简意赅地表明演讲者的决心：使民有、民治、民享的政府永存。 [仿写]　完成句子 这些政策有效地保护了原始自然景观，让民有和民享的国家公园变得更加美丽。 These policies effectively protect primitive landscape and make the national parks more beautiful． 首语重复 [教材4]　But in a larger sense, we can not delicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow this ground． [分析]　句中重复用了三次“we can not”，旨在加深听众的印象，抒发强烈的情感。这种修辞法称为首语重复(anaphora)，常用于演讲稿和诗歌等文学作品中。 首语重复是英语修辞的一种，它是指一个词、词组甚至一个从句 [仿写]　Write a short speech about your dream． 1．At least four dreams 2．Begin with “I have a dream that．．．” 在一段话中每句起首进行重复，给人以铿锵有力的深刻印象，从而起到强调或加重语气的作用。美国当代历史上的著名演讲中，广为人知的“首语重复”范例是美国黑人民权运动领袖马丁·路德·金的“I have a dream”。 in terms of 就……而言 in favour of 赞同；支持 in honour of 为了向……表示敬意；纪念…… in view of 鉴于，考虑到，由于 in support of 支持 in need of 需要…… in need of 【练透】　选用相关短语填空/完成句子 ① convenience, the museum has more advantages over the gallery． ②It is reported that they will build a monument the national hero． ③Only one third of the people present at the meeting voted the new law． ④如果你需要延长期限，向教授解释情况。 If you are a deadline extension, explain the situation to the professor． In terms of in memory/honour of in favour of divide ．．．into ．．． 把……分成…… divide ．．．between/among ．．． 在……之间分配…… 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①All expenses are to be equally divided you and me． ②Though there are some (divide) among us, it doesn't mean that our teamwork is fruitless． ③到了农场后，我们被分成三个小组。 After arriving at the farm, we three groups． between divisions were divided into bring about 造成，引起，带来 bring back 把……带回来；使回忆起 bring in 介绍，引进；赚得 bring out (尤指)出版；使显现 bring up 提出(议题等)；抚养；呕吐 has brought about great changes 【练透】　选用相关短语填空/完成句子 ①These efforts will surely good fruit． ②To his satisfaction，his job 1，000 dollars a month for him． ③The picture often to me many happy memories of my senior high school days． ④网络给我们的学习方式带来了巨大的变化。(应用文之发言稿) The Internet in the way we learn． bring forth brings in brings back dedicate oneself to (doing) sth．＝be dedicated to (doing) sth． 致力于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事 be dedicated to 【练透】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①He decided at the age of ten to dedicate himself his country's cause． ②To reach a high level of skill requires talent, (dedicate), and a lot of hard work． ③能够献身于自己祖国的事业，为实现理想而奋斗，这是我能做得最光荣的事情了。 →The most honorable thing that I can do is to my country and strive for my ideal．(dedicate v．) →The most honorable thing that I can do is to my country and strive for my ideal．(dedicated adj．) to dedication dedicate myself to (1)engage in (使)从事；参与 engage sb．in (doing) sth． 使某人参与(做)某事 engage oneself in (doing) sth． 参加(做)某事 (2)engaged adj．忙于，从事于；被占用的 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I gave you a call early in the morning but the line's (engage)． ②Although engaged your study, you had better set aside some time to participate in some outdoor activities． ③双胞胎和他们的父亲在厨房为母亲做早餐。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) The kitchen witnessed the twins and their father making breakfast for their mother． 【点拨】　表示“忙于(做)某事”的短语还有be employed in doing sth．，be busy with sth．/doing sth．，be occupied with/in doing sth．等。 engaged in engage themselves in (1)be influential in (doing) sth． 对(做)某事有影响 (2)have an influence on/upon ．．． 对……有影响 under the influence of ．．． 在……的影响下 (3)influence sb．to do sth． 影响某人去做某事 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Yuan Longping is one of the most (influence) scientists in agriculture, whose influence I decide to major in science． ②The experience will have a great influence my life and I'm expecting to have another chance in the future． ③我的物理老师是我的榜样，我去做一名教师是受了他的影响。 My physics teacher is my role model, who ． influential under on/upon D vi.苦干，辛勤工作 adj.政府的 vt.忍受 Ⅰ．一词多义——根据语境选出mount的含义 A．vt．骑上，乘上　B．vt．攀登，登上　C．vt．安排；组织开展　D．n．山 ①He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd． ②He mounted his horse and rode away． ③The ANC announced it was mounting a major campaign of mass political protests． ④Tomorrow will be sunny．How about going to Mount Gu for a picnic？ Ⅱ．熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①I've been slaving away all day trying to get the work finished． ②He's got a safe job in the civil service． ③The pain was almost too great to endure． B A C 教材原文：His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason to look to the future． 他的演说给了民众希望、信念以及展望未来的理由。 英语中常用动词不定式短语作后置定语的情况： (1)被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时； (2)抽象名词way，chance，ability，opportunity等后常用动词不定式作定语； (3)被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词汇对其进行修饰时。 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①My mother is a teacher, who was the first (admit) to college in her village． ②This is the only place (get) a drink after hours． ③我有能力使班级秩序井然，因为多年当班长的经验已经使我成为一个优秀的组织者。(应用文之申请信) I have because the experience of being a monitor for many years has made me a brilliant organizer． to be admitted to get the ability to keep the class in order altogether mounted civil battlefield Ⅰ．单词拼写(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．She thinks that his career is a success that will (持续)． 2．All men have the right to pursue (自由) and happiness． 3．He (设想)the idea of transforming the old power station into an arts centre yesterday． 4．The train went slower and slower until it stopped (完全)． 5．He (登上) the stairs and looked around him slowly． 6．He has warned that the serious conflicts within the country could lead to (国内的) war． 7．Mulan disguised herself as a man so she could fight on the (战场)． endure liberty conceived civilian divisions influential 8．He emphasized that only a small (一部分) of the budget was spent on comic books． 9．It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for (奴隶) in the ancient world． 10．He left the army and returned to (平民的) life． Ⅱ．单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共12分) A new national pride will stir ourselves, lift our sights and heal our (divide)． 2．He is one of the most (influence) figures in the modern history of China． portion slaves nobly to endurance 3．The country's booming industry has expanded quickly but a great cost to the environment． 4．I tried to persuade the other board members, but my efforts were vain, and they outvoted me． 5． a larger sense, success is the ability to achieve your dreams and goals in your life． 6．The soldier chose to die (noble) rather than to betray his country． 7．The group of young doctors now dedicates themselves voluntary work． 8．This event tests both physical and mental (endure)． at in In Ⅲ．完成句子(每题3分，共15分) 1．在这样的炎炎夏日，走在如此凉爽宁静的公园里，让人感觉真是舒服！ in this cool and quiet park on such a hot day! (it作形式主语) 2．运动不仅会降低血压，而且可能会预防心脏病发作。 Exercise will possibly protect against heart attacks．(no only．．．but．．．) 3．网购商品质量各不相同，所以是否要购买它们由你决定。 The quality of goods purchased online varies, so whether to buy them or not．(it is up to sb．to do．．．) It feels so nice to walk not only lower blood pressure but it is up to you to decide mounted where 4．他们表示很希望这些文件能公之于世。 They expressed their desire ．(同位语从句) 5．致力于全心全意为人民服务的周恩来总理是人民心中的英雄。 Premier Zhou Enlai, who people heart and soul, is a hero in people's hearts．(dedicate) Ⅳ．课文语法填空(每题2分，共20分) On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man 1 (mount) a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak．The place was the site of a recent battle 2 thousands of soldiers had died．This was the famous Gettysburg Address and the man was Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States． that the papers (should) be made public dedicated himself to serving what bitterly The Gettysburg Address was a short speech and 3 (deliver)in the height of the American Civil War to commemorate the massive numbers of 4 (die) and casualties at the bloody Battle of Gettysburg．The president spoke for two minutes．His speech contained just 268 words, 5 (include) the sentence“The world will little note, nor long remember, 6 we say here．”But this address to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation． At that time, America was 7 (bitter) divided．For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war between the slave­owning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union． was delivered deaths including The Gettysburg Address is considered a pivotal moment in the way Americans viewed 8 (they) and their government．His speech gave people hope, belief and a reason 9 (look) to the future．He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be．It was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, 10 the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind． themselves to look but Ⅰ．阅读理解(每题3.5分，共28分) A (2024·山东潍坊市六校高二上联考)Born on her family's farm in Ray, North Dakota, Mary Sherman Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could attend the small town's schoolhouse．Being a few years behind didn't hold her back and she graduated from high school with honors．Aware of her intelligence, she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major, where her skill was evident． The outbreak of World War Ⅱ resulted in a national shortage of chemists and scientists．In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman, she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents, producing explosives (爆炸物) for the wartime effort．She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio, taking on the dangerous job of analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons． After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics, moving to California to work for NAA (North American Aviation)．The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants (推进剂) and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines．However, never having returned to complete her degree, she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer, even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one． Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked with finding a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space, Morgan was appointed the technical leader on the project．National pride was on the line, so Morgan set about investigating fuels．After countless trials, she finally designed her own mixture, which was named Hydyne． Hydyne was tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft (航空器), such as Jupiter­C rockets, proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign．The fuel made the first successful US satellite launch possible, even if Morgan silently slipped away from her success, retiring to focus on her family and leaving her chemistry career behind． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。玛丽·谢尔曼·摩根出生在一个农民家庭，虽然推迟上学数年，但她凭借自己的聪明才智顺利考上大学。二战时从事武器生产工作，战后成为北美航空公司的唯一一个女工程师。她研究出了太空燃料海代恩，为航空事业作出了巨大的贡献。 1．What do we know about Mary? A．She attended school while helping with farm work． B．She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation． C．She shifted her working focus as the domestic demand changed． D．She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career． 解析：选C。细节理解题。结合第二段内容可知，在二战时，她从事武器的化学分析工作；根据第三段第一句“After the war．．．work for NAA”可知，在战后，由于对武器需求的减少，她转而为北美航空公司工作。据此可知，由于国内需求的变化，她转移了工作重心，故C项正确。 2．What does the underlined word “aeronautics” probably mean? A．Analyzing chemicals． B．Producing explosives． C．Mixing and saving fuels． D．Designing and building aircraft． 解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的“moving to California to work for NAA (North American Aviation)”可知，她搬到了加利福尼亚州为北美航空公司工作；结合画线单词的前缀aero可知，她转向的是航空领域；结合选项可知，D项“设计和制造飞机”符合题意。 3．What made Mary the technical leader on the project of NAA? A．Her discovery of Hydyne． B．Her rank as an engineer． C．Her special knowledge in fuels． D．Her sense of national pride． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Her experience with．．．leader on the project．”可知，由于她在推进剂研究方面有着丰富的经验，故被任命为项目技术负责人。 4．Which of the following words can best describe Mary Sherman Morgan? A．Caring and determined． B．Courageous and creative． C．Intelligent but sensitive． D．Accomplished but proud． 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第二段尾句可知，玛丽·谢尔曼·摩根暂时搁置了学位课程，到俄亥俄州从事危险的不稳定化学物质分析工作，据此可以推知，她很勇敢；根据第四段尾句可知，她进行了无数次试验，终于成功发明海代恩，据此可以推知，她具有创造力。 B Philosopher Emily Thomas tells us that travel is essentially an encounter with the unknown．Travel, she says, “shows us otherness” by offering us an “immediate sense of things we have never experienced”．The value of travel is like the benefit of a good book：it improves our mind by introducing us to new customs and cultures and truths about the world． As European exploration of the globe increased in the early 17th century, the philosopher Francis Bacon used travel to question the long­held belief that we could understand the world by sitting around and thinking．As Thomas puts it, “We cannot understand the sea and its fish by sitting in armchairs．”Instead, “We must go out into the world and look about．” The power of travel to change our minds and teach us something new explains its mass appeal．But it is not all good news, as mass tourism is turning ancient cities into amusement parks and destroying irreplaceable ecosystems． Thomas is particularly interested in what's known as “doom tourism”—the rush to see places like Antarctica or the Great Barrier Reef before they disappear completely．In principle, Thomas maintains there is nothing wrong with doom tourism．“If I run out to see a rainbow before it vanishes (消失)，” says Thomas, “no harm is done．”But in practice, the pollutants released (排放) into the air and sea when traveling to Antarctica or the Great Barrier Reef speed up their demise (消亡) and thus make this form of doom tourism problematic． In response to the environmental concerns raised by travel, Thomas takes inspiration from Bhutan and calls for a sustainable (可持续的) approach to tourism that sets limits on the number of travelers permitted to visit any particular destination．She also notes that a great deal of business travel is unnecessary and she states that “traveling by land and cutting back business travel are relatively easy ways to reduce our carbon footprint (碳足迹)．” [语篇解读]本文是议论文。旅行能为我们打开通往未知领域的大门，但是也可能会造成严重的环境问题。 5．Why does the author mention a good book in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a new book． B．To demonstrate the benefits of travel． C．To describe his passion for reading books． D．To show the difference between traveling and reading． 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The value of travel．．．us to new customs and cultures and truths about the world．”可知，作者提到一本好书是为了说明旅行就像一本好书一样，能让人接触未知的领域。 6．What was Bacon's attitude toward sitting around and thinking? A．Supportive． B．Contradictory． C．Objective． D．Critical． 解析：选D。观点态度题。根据第二段中的“the philosopher Francis Bacon used travel to question the long­held belief that we could understand the world by sitting around and thinking”可知，Bacon认为人们并不能通过坐着思考的方式了解世界，因此他对这种方式持批评的态度。 7．What does Thomas say about “doom tourism”？ A．It does harm to nature． B．It should be prohibited． C．It contributes to growing tourism． D．It involves responsible travel to natural areas． 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“But in practice, the pollutants．．．make this form of doom tourism problematic．”可知，Thomas认为“末日旅游”对大自然有害。 8．Which of the following might Thomas agree with? A．Avoiding traveling by land． B．Encouraging business travel． C．Taking inspiration from doom tourism． D．Limiting the number of visitors to a place． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thomas．．．sets limits on the number of travelers permitted to visit any particular destination．”可知，Thomas认为为了减少因旅游产生的环境问题，我们应该限制游客数量。 Ⅱ．七选五(每题2分，共10分) Sometimes a self­imposed (自己强加的) limitation is based on truth．1( )So, how can you identify and break free from these self­imposed boundaries? Think over using “I can't”． Notice when you are using the words “I can't”．Are you really stating something that is a fact, or are you imposing a limit on yourself based on a false belief？These false beliefs are usually based on fear, and it takes a good deal of self­awareness to recognize and tackle them． 2( ) “They won't let me．．．”“They won't give me a shot．” etc．If you find yourself saying things like this, consider that you are giving “THEM” way too much power．Unless someone has given you an express limitation, don't assume you know what is going on inside their head． Choose a challenge． 3( )Consider your motivations：what brings you meaning, purpose or joy？Then, pick a goal that heads in the right direction．Try to do one thing each day that is outside of your comfort zone． Ask for help． This one is pretty self­explanatory．4( )Everybody needs help at some point, and you may be surprised at how happy others will be to support you in your goals． Push through discomfort． Any move towards a new challenge will bring some level of psychological discomfort．Our brains are programmed to keep us in a place of safety, and we have to accept that we will feel discomfort on the way towards accomplishment．5( ) If you are feeling self­doubt, consider what boundaries you may have imposed, and don't let those boundaries decide who you are． A．Figure out your motivations． B．Watch out for “They” language． C．Once acceptance is in place, the feelings of fear will decrease． D．It can be embarrassing to ask for help, but no man is an island． E．But, at other times, it results from a sense of uncertainty and fear． F．We have a natural capacity as human beings to tell ourselves stories． G．Once you decide to believe in yourself, it's time to choose what challenge you want to tackle． [语篇解读]本文是说明文，文章给出了打破自我设限的五种方法。 1．解析：选E。设空处与上文为转折关系。设空处上文指出有些时候人们对自己的设限是基于客观事实的，设空处下文转而引出本文话题：如何辨别并摆脱这些强加给自己的限定。由此可推知，设空处对上文内容形成转折，指出还有一些自我设限是主观造成的，需要突破它们，E项符合语境。E项中的 it指代上文中的a self­imposed limitation。 2．解析：选B。设空处为本段小标题，起总结全段主旨的作用。根据本段内容可知，本段主要说明要谨慎使用以“他们”开头的句子，B项符合语境。B项中的“They” language指代下文中的“‘They won't let me．．．’‘They won' t give me a shot．’ etc．”。 3．解析：选G。设空处位于段首，起引出本段话题的作用。根据小标题及本段内容可知，本段主要说明要根据自己的动机选择一项挑战，G项符合语境。G项中的“choose what challenge you want to tackle”与下文中的 pick a goal相照应，G项中的challenge与下文中的“one thing．．．comfort zone”相照应。 4．解析：选D。设空处承接上文，起解释说明的作用。设空处上文指出本段提出的寻求帮助的做法不言自明，由此可推知，设空处应当在此基础上作出解释，D项符合语境。D项中的ask for help与小标题中的Ask for help 构成原词复现，与下文中的support you相照应。 5．解析：选C。设空处位于段末，承接上文并呼应段首。设空处上文指出面对新的挑战人们应当接受心理会产生不适感这个事实，由此可推知，设空处应当说明这样做产生的积极效果，从而与段首呼应，C项符合语境。 C项中的acceptance与上文中的accept 构成复现，且C项中的the feelings of fear与上文中的psychological discomfort相照应。 $$