Unit4 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 4 Breaking boundaries 主题语境：人与社会——打破边界 Section Ⅱ　 Using language 目录/CONTENTS 突破——语法精讲 专项提能 01 02 探究——要点直击 核心突破 闯关——达标检测 夯基固本 03 突破——语法精讲 专项提能 动词不定式短语 探 究——要点直击 核心突破 n．少数派；少数→majority n．多数，大多数→major adj．主要的；重要的 n．专业 vi．主修 minority 1 adj．和睦的，融洽的；协调的；悦耳的→harmony n．相处融洽，和谐 harmonious 2 adj．值得做的，有意义的→reward vt．报答；奖赏 n．报答；报酬 rewarding 3 课下巩固训练（十一） It's really challenging for us to finish the race My name is Li Hua．①I'm writing a letter to you to ask for some help because I find it is very difficult for me to learn English． ②Firstly, our texts are full of many new words that it's difficult for me to remember．③I have tried every means, but it is no use reciting them over and over again． ④What's more, it is also very difficult for me to learn grammar．Faced with so many difficulties, I have to turn to you for some help．⑤It will be very 句①、②、④、⑤，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 。 2．句③，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 。 动名词短语 kind of you to introduce to me some good ways to learn new words．⑥In the meanwhile, it is hoped that you will introduce some rules and good ways to learn grammar． I'm sure that I can make great progress in my English study with your help． 3．句⑥，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 。 that从句 it作形式主语 当主语部分相对于谓语部分而言太长时，常把主语部分移到句尾，在主语的位置放上it。it没有具体的意义，仅用于平衡句子，以避免头重脚轻。it作形式主语时常代替三种语法结构：动词不定式(短语)、动词­ing(短语)和从句。 一、it代替动词不定式(短语)作形式主语 常见句型如下： (1)It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb．) to do sth． (2)It＋be＋名词＋to do sth． (3)It＋be＋介词短语＋to do sth． (4)It takes sb．some time to do sth． (5)It's up to sb．to do sth． ①It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese． 外国人学习汉语不容易。 ②It is everyone's duty to obey the law． 遵守法律是每个人的义务。 ③It is against my principle to do that． 那样做违背我的原则。 ④It took them a year to build the bridge． 建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。 ⑤It is up to us to help those in need． 帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。 【点拨】　 (1)在It is＋adj．＋for sb．to do sth．句式中作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点。常见的形容词有easy, important, difficult, possible, necessary等。 (2)在It is＋adj．＋of sb．to do sth．句式中，形容词用于说明不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格、性质等。常见的形容词有kind, nice, good, considerate, stupid, silly, careful, careless等。 ①It's important for us to learn English well． 学好英语对我们来说很重要。 ②It was very considerate of her to come to see me when I was ill． 她在我生病时来看我，真的很体贴。 for ————即学即练1———— 单句语法填空 ①We also had many students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me (remember) all the faces and names． ②It is not up to you (tell) me how to do my job． ③It was nice them to invite us to dinner． ④It's very important college students to think and live independently． to remember to tell of 二、it 代替动词­ing(短语)作形式主语 常见句型如下： It＋be＋no good/no use/useless/a waste of time/．．．＋动词­ing(短语) ①It is no good/use having a car if you can't drive． 如果你不会开车，有车也没用。 ②It is a waste of time trying to persuade such a person to join us． 试图说服这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。 ————即学即练2———— 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①It's no good just (have) meetings． ② As you know, it's no use (complain) without taking action． having complaining 三、it代替从句作形式主语 用it作形式主语的主语从句常见句型如下： (1)It＋be＋adj．(clear, certain, obvious, important, likely, necessary ．．．)＋that 从句 (2)It＋be＋名词词组(a pity, a shame, no wonder, no surprise, an honor ．．．)＋that 从句 (3)It＋动词(seem, happen, occur, turn out等)＋that从句 (4)It be＋过去分词(said, reported, believed, thought, known, arranged ．．．)＋that 从句 ①It was obvious that the child had been badly treated． 很显然那个孩子受过虐待。 ②It's a pity that you missed the exciting football match! 你错过了那场激动人心的足球比赛，真遗憾！ ③It happened that I wasn't there that day． 恰好那天我不在那里。 ④It is said that nothing has been done about it． 据说至今对此没采取任何措施。 【点拨】　在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed/．．．that．．． 的主语从句中用“(should＋)动词原形”表示虚拟语气。 It is requested that he (should)give a performance at the party． 有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。 It is no wonder that ————即学即练3———— 完成句子 ①众所周知，现在我们网上购物似乎更方便。 As we know, we purchase online nowadays． ②很明显，不管是现在还是未来，中国将对世界产生巨大的影响。 China will make a great difference in the world today and tomorrow． ③有人建议我们应该明天一早就出发。 early next morning． ④难怪你对我们的餐桌文化感到困惑，因为这是你第一次来中国。 you are confused about our table manners, for it is the first time that you have been to China． it seems more convenient that It is obvious that It is suggested that we (should) set off (1)a/the minority of．．． 少数的…… in the/a minority 占少数 (2)a/the majority of ．．． 大多数…… in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数 (3)major in 主修 the majority 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Boys are very much the minority in the dance class． ②少数孩子想开舞会，而多数孩子都选择野餐。 the children wanted a dance, but chose a picnic． ③作为主修英语的毕业生，我很高兴申请这个职位。(应用文之申请信) As a graduate , I feel excited to apply for the position． in A minority of majoring in English in harmony 和睦地；和谐地 in harmony with 与……协调一致 out of harmony with 与……不一致 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We students as well as our teachers do sports there after class, interacting with each other harmony． ②The sky and the sea here made a (harmony) picture． ③我梦想着人类可以与美丽的自然和谐相处。(话题写作之环境保护) I have a dream that humans could live beautiful nature． in harmonious in harmony with (1)in reward for．．． 为了酬谢或报答…… as a reward for 作为对……的奖励/报酬，为了表彰…… (2)reward sb．for (doing) sth． 因为(做)某事报答/奖赏某人 reward sb．with．．． 用……报答/回报某人 As a reward for my help 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In a word，the trip will be both relaxing and (reward)，which is bound to be a memorable experience for you． ②It is necessary to reward children their good behavior． ③Give me a chance, and I will reward you more． ④作为对我的帮助的回报，我希望你能帮助我提高英语口语。(2022·浙江卷书面表达) , I hope you can help me improve my spoken English． rewarding for with harmonious in to happen had happened in Ⅰ．单句语法填空(每题1分，共8分) 1．We have to be (reality) about our chances of winning． 2．Children with single parents at our school are the minority． 3．It is a very (reward) exercise to work this out oneself． 4．Their (harmony) relationship resulted in part from their similar goals． 5．It was a good concert—I enjoyed the last song particular． 6．Accidents are likely (happen) when safety checks are overlooked． 7．She behaved for all the world as if nothing unusual (happen)． 8．I won't be able to give my full presentation via the video conference, so I've decided to attend the meeting person． realistic in rewarding Ⅱ．链接写作——完成句子(每题3．5分，共21分) 1．很容易理解为什么那么多人喜欢我的视频。 why so many people were attracted to my video．(2021·浙江卷读后续写) 2．他想到那一幕实在很难过，于是从床上跳起来，向窗口跑去。 the scene that he jumped out of bed and ran to the window．(读后续写之情感描写) 3．完成竞赛对我们来说很有挑战性，但是没有人放弃。 , but no one gave up．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷报道) It's easy for me to understand It was so upset to think of 4．显然，网络学习既有优点也有缺点。 online learning has its advantages and disadvantages．(2021·全国乙卷发言稿) 5．这周日我不能按约定和你一起外出真是遗憾。 I will fail to go out with you this Sunday as appointed．(2021·北京卷道歉信) 6．我真诚地希望你的梦想会实现，当那一天到来时，带你参观北京是我的荣幸。 I sincerely hope your dream will come true and in Beijing when that day comes． It is clear/obvious that It is a pity that it's my honour to show you around Ⅲ．选用方框内合适的选项完成下面短文(每项限用一次)(每题2.5分，共10分) A．to practise playing properly every day B．that you pick up an instrument to express who you are at a deeper level C．that the way you play an instrument can tell others a lot about who you are D．to create music that actually says something, not just playing a bunch of notes One's hobbies can be anything from gardening to photography．In my experience, playing the violin helps ease my stress and strengthens the idea that I could achieve anything． My violin teacher often advised me to relax more when playing the instrument, so it takes me two hours 1( )．I have become attentive to any restrictions (限制) on my body．In the long term, this will benefit my character because it helps me develop my ability to maintain focus and patience． Besides, the more I practise, the more I am able to improvise(即兴表演)．Although an improvisation is always based on previous work, it is fun 2( )．This new skill now acts as a resource that fuels my confidence and love for life． When I see other people playing the violin well, I can almost sense their passion．It's true 3( )．It can also tell any story you want it to tell．Therefore, I believe music is a great way to communicate and break barriers between you and other people． Therefore, it is highly recommended 4( )． 答案：1～4　ADCB Ⅰ．阅读理解(每题4分，共16分) In Yemen, the long years of war, which have resulted in great loss of life, displacement of thousands, and a decline in economic and living conditions, have also taken a toll on people's mental health． Abdul Karim lost his ability to work and separated himself socially after experiencing a frightening event．His wife talked him into seeking(寻求) treatment．He used to travel more than 100 km to visit a doctor in Sana' a, since mental health services were not available in Hajjah and its surrounding areas．“When I discovered that MSF provides mental health care in Hajjah, I started coming to the clinic every month and I have been going there for the past two years, ” says Abdul Karim． It is a mental health programme at the Al­Jumhouri Hospital, provided by MSF in collaboration with the Ministry of Health．The programme includes psychological care, psychiatric(精神疾病的)treatment for severe mental health disorders, and psycho­education in groups． “Most patients arrive with severe conditions that require psychiatric treatment in addition to psychological care，”says Aura Ramirez, MSF mental health activity manager．“These cases amount to 70 to 80 per cent of our patients．” Most people with mental health issues in Yemen often seek support and treatment at a late stage．“This is largely due to the lack of awareness of mental health disorders，” says Muaadh Abdul­Ghani Al­Samawi, MSF mental health director in Hajjah．“Some connect mental issues with sorcery(巫术) and turn to other traditional means for help．Linking mental illness to madness also further discourages the patients and their families from seeking help．” The MSF mental health clinic in Hajjah receives about 400 patients per month．Men amount to around 70 per cent of the patients, which indicates challenges facing women in accessing mental health services．Women need the support of their husbands or families to receive treatment．In response, the teams work to raise awareness and highlight the importance of mental health care in communities by conducting regular education activities in various departments of Al­Jumhouri Hospital for patients, their families and visitors． [语篇解读]本文是新闻报道，无国界医生组织为也门罹患精神疾病的人提供帮助。 1．What does the underlined part “taken a toll on” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Expanded access to． B．Raised awareness of． C．Produced a bad effect on． D．Identified a basic need for． 解析：选C。词句猜测题。由第一段中的“great loss of．．．living conditions”可知，也门动荡的局势让人们流离失所；又由下文内容可知，很多罹患精神疾病的人可以获得无国界医生组织的帮助。由此可推知，战乱对于人们的精神健康产生了负面影响。 2．What does the mental health programme in Hajjah include? A．Bringing in experienced psychological doctors． B．Establishing more clinics in the surrounding areas． C．Providing treatment for a variety of mental health issues． D．Conducting household surveys on people's mental health conditions． 解析：选C。细节理解题。由第三段中的“The programme includes．．．mental health disorders”可知，该项目可以为罹患不同精神疾病的人提供专业治疗。 3．Why do most patients with mental health problems receive treatment at a late stage? A．They doubt the capability of the doctors． B．They can't afford to seek professional help． C．They have better traditional means of treatment． D．They don't recognise the signs of their problems． 解析：选D。推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“This is largely．．．health disorders”可知，人们对精神健康问题的意识淡薄，这也就意味着他们意识不到患病的迹象。 4．What do the patient statistics mentioned in the last paragraph suggest? A．Men are more likely to suffer from mental health disorders． B．Women are not given equal medical opportunities． C．Some hospitals are facing a doctor shortage． D．The number of patients keeps rising． 解析：选B。推理判断题。由最后一段中的“which indicates．．．to receive treatment．”可知，在也门，妇女即使出现了精神健康问题，也很难获得救治服务，她们需要获得丈夫或者其他家庭成员的支持。由此可推知，妇女在当地无法获得与男性平等的治疗机会。 Ⅱ．完形填空(每题2分，共30分) Spending the last six months living in London has given me a once­in­a­lifetime opportunity to develop professionally and personally．I have found a home in London, completed two classes and an internship (实习) abroad, and visited Paris, Dublin, and Venice．The three most valuable life skills I've 1 are communication, cultural awareness, and time management． Moving into a small flat with four 2 with four different living styles was a 3 ．It was a huge adjustment that forced me to 4 my communication skills to create a(n) 5 living environment． One of my targets when I traveled to London was to 6 the culture of the city．At first, this was 7 ， but as I became more comfortable, meeting Londoners became natural．I am so thankful for all the new relationships I 8 ， and I feel that my goal of becoming more culturally aware was 9 ． Before arriving in London, I 10 how much free time I would have to explore the city．During the first weeks, I found myself 11 managing class, my internship and new friendships, so I had only a little time for 12 ．By adjusting my lifestyle through keeping a calendar and planning ahead, I 13 a comfortable routine．Now I understand more fully how 14 time management is． I will be forever grateful for the incredible experiences I had in London．This opportunity has 15 my global perspective (全球视野) in so many ways． [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。作者在英国学习、生活的六个月帮助自己提升了各种技能，并培养了国际视野。 1．A．noticed B．learned C．mentioned D．conceived 解析：选B。由全文内容可知，“我”在英国生活期间，学习到了很多宝贵的生存技能。 2．A．teachers B．friends C．strangers D．relatives 解析：选C。由本段中的with four different living styles和a huge adjustment可推知，“我”和四个陌生人住在一间小公寓里。 3．A．challenge B．tragedy C．miracle D．battle 解析：选A。由本段中的with four different living styles和a huge adjustment可推知，“我”和四个陌生人住在一间小公寓里，这对“我”来说是个挑战。 4．A．sharpen B．forget C．identify D．believe 解析：选A。由本段内容可知，“我”和四个陌生人住在一起，因此这肯定会提高“我”的沟通技巧。 5．A．unique B．independent C．safe D．harmonious 解析：选D。由本段内容可推知，与陌生人住在一起，为了创造和谐的生活环境，“我”不得不提升自己的人际交往能力。 6．A．engage in B．contribute to C．focus on D．think about 解析：选A。由本段中的“meeting Londoners became natural”可推知，“我”到伦敦的目标之一就是与当地人建立联系，从而融入这个城市的文化中。 7．A．embarrassing B．dangerous C．difficult D．boring 解析：选C。由该空后的but可知，虽然后来“我”逐渐适应了与伦敦人沟通，但在开始的时候这是困难的。 8．A．enjoyed B．developed C．recalled D．investigated 解析：选B。由上文中的“I became more comfortable, meeting Londoners became natural”可知，我与其他人建立了很多新的联系。 9．A．shared B．found C．achieved D．planned 解析：选C。由本段内容可知，“我”在伦敦与其他人建立了很多新的联系，正是这些慢慢建立起来的关系让“我”实现了增长文化意识的目标，对此“我”心生感激。 10．A．misjudged B．misadvised C．misreported D．misused 解析：选A。由本段中的“By adjusting my．．．ahead”可知，“我”后来在时间管理上做了调整，据此可推知，“我”一开始错误估计了自己有多少时间去探索这座城市。 11．A．overeager B．overconcerned C．overexcited D．overstressed 解析：选D。由本段中的“By adjusting my．．．ahead”可知，“我”后来在时间管理上做了调整，据此可推知，“我”一开始错误估计了自己有多少时间去探索这座城市，最初的几个星期“我”因为平衡学业、实习和交友而感到压力巨大。 12．A．exercise B．work C．study D．travel 解析：选D。由本段中的“how much free．．．explore the city”可知，“我”的计划里包含旅行这一项。 13．A．waited for B．got into C．decided on D．gave up 解析：选B。由该空后的a comfortable routine可推知，通过调整生活方式“我”养成了一套让自己舒适的习惯。 14．A．simple B．popular C．different D．vital 解析：选D。由本段内容可知，“我”在伦敦的生活使我更充分认识到时间管理的重要性。 15．A．adopted B．checked C．shaped D．kept 解析：选C。由全文内容可知，“我”对在伦敦学到的很多技能心怀感恩，这段经历塑造了“我”的全球视野。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) (2024·山东泰安市高二上期末)Have you ever seen wheat straw left over in the field? It is 1 (probable) seen as a pile of waste by you, right? However, the straw 2 (leave) over from harvested wheat can be turned into some common items in our daily life．Some even can be made into beautiful and eye­catching 3 (function) artworks by craftsmen． Straw weaving is a method of manufacturing daily items or artworks, and it 4 (list) as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008．The straw­weaving products discovered at Hemudu cultural ruins were considered as the 5 (early) in the world． Here is the process of straw weaving: Selecting materials is the first step of a complicated and labor­intensive process 6 can take weeks, or even months, to complete．You need to sketch the piece on paper, which requires drawing 7 (skill)．Next comes weaving, shaping and preserving of the work．Even if the whole process has been finished, 8 is hard to say you have got a good piece of work．And 9 hardest part is to make it lifelike． Next time, if you see wheat straw, you may as well try 10 (create) your own work, which helps dig deeper local traditional culture． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麦秸编织是一种制作日常用品或艺术品的方法，并于2008年被列为国家非物质文化遗产。 1．解析：probably。考查词性转换。句意：你可能会认为这是一堆垃圾，对吧？修饰动词短语应用副词probably，故填probably。 2．解析：left。考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，收获小麦后剩下的麦秸可以变成我们日常生活中的一些常见物品。分析句子结构可知leave与逻辑主语straw构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填left。 3．解析：functional。考查词性转换。句意：有些甚至可以由工匠制作成美观醒目的功能艺术品。修饰名词artworks应用形容词functional，故填functional。 4．解析：was listed。考查时态、语态。句意：麦秸编织是一种制作日常用品或艺术品的方法，并于2008年被列为国家非物质文化遗产。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in 2008可知发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was listed。 5．解析：earliest。考查最高级。句意：河姆渡文化遗址发现的草编制品被认为是世界上最早的草编制品。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最早的”可知应用最高级earliest。故填earliest。 6．解析：that/which。考查定语从句。句意：这是麦秸编织的过程：第一步是选择材料，这是一个复杂的、高劳动强度的过程，这个过程可能需要数周甚至数月才能完成。定语从句修饰先行词process，关系词在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。 7．解析：skills。考查名词的数。句意：你需要在纸上画出草图，这需要绘画技巧。skill为可数名词，前文没有冠词，表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填skills。 8．解析：it。考查it用法。句意：即使整个过程已经完成，也很难说你得到了一件好作品。此处为句型it be＋adj．＋to do sth．，it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to say．．．，故填it。 9．解析：the。考查冠词。句意：最难的部分是让它栩栩如生。后文hardest为最高级，前面与定冠词连用。故填the。 10．解析：creating。考查非谓语动词。句意：下次，如果你看到麦秸，你不妨尝试自己创作，这有助于深入挖掘当地的传统文化。短语try doing sth．表示“尝试做某事”。故填creating。 $$