内容正文:
专题05 形容词和副词
第一部分 形容词
考点
课标要求
命题预测
形容词、副词词义辨析
· 掌握形容词、副词的基本用法,形容词在句中可以作定语、表语和补足语等辨析
纵观湖南省卷以及长沙卷中考题,对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中,要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫,同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。从考查形式看,一般有完形填空、语法填空等。所占分值通常为4~5分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用形容词副词的能力。
形容词、副词的变化规则
· 掌握形容词+-ly变副词,名词变形容词,动词变形容词,常考词性转化为形容词以及短语和句型
形容词、副词的比较等级
· 掌握形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化及重要表达
1.(2024 湖南长沙卷)After long and ____1____ training, the Chinese team went on its first international rescue (救援) tasks in 2003.
1. A. careful B. poor C. useless
2.(2024 湖南长沙卷)They have to be able to do difficult work when it is very ____2____. For example, there is usually no electricity or water after a disaster, and there may be illnesses and accidents. Rescue workers get to save lives, but they must also deal with the dead. That means they have to be ____3____ in both body and mind.
2. A. comfortable B. safe C. dangerous
3.A. weak B. strong C. slow
3.(2024 湖南省卷)As a child, I was quite active. I was running around and getting hurt almost every day. My mom was 4 A neighbor advised me to learn to fish. I liked the idea, but my mom said no. She thought it was 5 to get close to any body of water.
4. A. bored B. surprised C. worried
5. A. helpful B. dangerous C. necessary
4.(2023 湖南衡阳卷)In a small village, a boy named Mark lived with his father, a wise old man. One day, Mark told his father ___ 6__ that he made little progress in learning the guitar. No matter how hard he tried, he couldn’t improve. Mark asked his father for some help.
“Follow me.I will lead you to the__ 7____ hills around the village tomorrow.” said his father. The next day, they set out.
6. A happily B. sadly C. quietly
7. A. high B. low C. small
5.(2023 湖南怀化卷)“ It was ___8___, mom. Labor Day(劳动节) is coming. I am excited that I will have no class next Monday!”
1. A. great B. terrible C. boring
6.(2023 湖南怀化卷)When I was young, I lived in a small village in Melaka, Malaysia with my parents and two brothers. Although we were poor, we lived happily. The Lin family, living in the bicycle shop opposite our house, had an even ___9___ life.
Mr. Lin, the bicycle repairman, had six children. He couldn’t buy new clothes and get enough food for them. His children were always dressed in old clothes and looked very ___10___. My father was kind-hearted. He ran a grocery store (食品杂货店). He ___11___ took whatever food we could spare to Mr. Lin.
9. A. harder B. easier C. quieter
10. A. lonely B. heavy C. thin
11. A. often B. seldom C. never
7.(2023 湖南岳阳卷)Every year, some people experience these sick feelings, especially old people and ____11____ children. HIN1 flu is similar to the common cold, but it is much more serious. It can cause a ____12____ temperature above 39 ℃, and the symptom (症状) of fever may last (持续) 3~4 days, or even 5~7 days.
12. A. young B. brave C. disabled
13. A. low B. high C. normal
8. (2024 湖南长沙卷)Peonies say, “You are special to me.” They are also a symbol of wealth and ___13___ (rich).
9. (2024 湖南长沙卷)In fact, the word for “apple” in Chinese sounds like “peace”. ___14___ (certain), apples make great gifts.
10. (2024 湖南省卷)There are many markets and food shops here. I can 15 (usual) find any ingredient(配料) I need.
10. (2024 湖南省卷)There are many markets and food shops here. I can 15 (usual) find any ingredient(配料) I need.
11. (2024 湖南省卷) Well-prepared natural food has a 16 (good) taste than fastfood.
12. (2023湖南怀化卷) He ___17__ (real) misses his hometown.More and more hometowns are developing ___18___ (fast) than before.
13. (2023湖南永州卷) Three Chinese astronauts on board the Shenzhou-15 manned spaceship returned to Earth _____19____(safe)on June 4, 2023, completing their six-month space station task.
14. (2023湖南长沙卷)How do you write a letter? ____20____ (general) speaking, a letter includes these parts. The date and a greeting (问候语) such as “Dear…” should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as “Love” or “Yours truly” needs to follow the body.
15. (2023湖南长沙卷)Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes ____21____ (enjoy) memories (回忆).
核心考向一 形容词和副词的基本用法
形容词的基本用法
形容词用于修饰名词或代词,说明人或事物的性质、状态、属性或特征。基本用法如下:
功能
位置
例句
作定语
放在名词前
This is aninterestingbook.
形容词修饰复合不定代词时,通常后置
I have somethingimportantto tell you.
作表语
放在系动词后,系动词主要有be动词、三变化(turn,get,become)、感官动词以及stay, go, seem等
This activity is meaningful.
Leaves turn yellow in autumn.
You look very happy.
Lucy always stays positive.
作宾语补足语
常置于keep, make, leave等动词之后,说明宾语的性质、状态和特征
We should keep our classroomclean.
作状语
相当于状语从句,可位于句首、句末或句中。
He arrived home,hungryandtired.
【拓展】
(1)形容词alive, alone, afraid, awake, asleep, well(健康的)等只能作表语。如:Don't be afraid!
(2)有些形容词位于定冠词the之后,泛指一类人,表示复数概念,作主语时,谓语动词用复数(如:be用are/were)。这类词有: young/old, rich/poor, healthy/ill, living/dead等。如:
The wise are always listening, not speaking.
副词的基本用法
功能
位置
例句
作状语
①多数副词放在动词之后
It's raining heavily now.
②动词若带宾语,则放在宾语之后
The girl listens to the teacher carefully.
③频度副词通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词、助动词和be动词之后
We can often see the girl read here.
④程度副词修饰形容词或副词,一般放在被修饰词前
I'm almost ready.
作表语
主要限于少数状态或位置副词、时间副词以及其他副词
When will you be back?
作定语
一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后
Life here is full of joy.
作补足语
可作主语补足语或宾语补足语,说明主语和宾语所处的位置、状态、性质、特征等
He is too young to leave him at home alone.(作宾语补足语)
2.常见副词的位置及分类
类型
典型词汇
用法
频度副词
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom,hardly ever, never等
置于行为动词之前,be动词、助动词及情态动词之后,表示动作发生的频率
方式副词
quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast等
置于不及物动词之后或及物动词之前,表示动作的行为方式
程度副词
heavily, quite, enough, almost, hardly, rather, a lot, a little, so, too, much等
置于被修饰的词前,表示动词、形容词或另一个副词的强度或程度
时间副词
now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago,just, soon, lately,already, ever, yet等
一般置于句尾,表示动作发生的时间,是确定句子时态的重要标志
地点副词
outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in, back, off, up, anywhere等
一般置于句尾,表示动作发生的地点或位置关系
疑问副词(词组)
when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far等
置于特殊疑问句或宾语从句的句首,用于构成特殊疑问句
【注意】enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置。如:The boy is old enough to go to school.(修饰形容词)
Sara speaks English well enough to communicate with a British.(修饰副词)
3.其他常考副词
anyway无论如何
abroad在国外
alone独自
also并且;也
besides此外
especially尤其;特别
finally最后;最终
however然而;不过
instead代替;反而
once一次;曾经
perhaps可能;大概
probably大概
【拓展】
(1)有些以-ly结尾的单词是形容词,如:
friendly, lonely, lovely, lively, ugly等
(2)同形形容词和副词
①词义相近的同形形容词和副词
形容词
副词
We had an early breakfast.(早的)
We had breakfastearly.(早地)
We went by a fast train.(快的)
Don't speak so fast.(快地)
②词义不同的同形形容词和副词
形容词
副词
I want astraightanswer.(坦诚的)
He wentstraightto Beijing.(直接地)
I don't feelwelltoday.(健康的)
Our plans gowell.(顺利地)
It is as hard as a stone.(坚硬的)
The test is so hard.(困难的)
She studies hard.(努力地)
He holds the paper hard.(用力地)
(3)有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词,但加了-ly之后意义相差很大,如:
4.副词词义辨析
分析浙江真题,副词词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查,且主要考查的是-ly副词词义辨析,偶尔涉及频度副词词义辨析。
核心考向二 形容词和副词的比较等级
1.形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则
(1)规则变化
类别
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词
直接加-er, -est
young
younger
youngest
以不发音e结尾的加-r, -st
large
larger
largest
以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-er或-est
big
fat
hot
bigger
fatter
hotter
biggest
fattest
hottest
以“辅音字母加y”结尾,先变y为i,再加-er, -est
happy
easy
healthy
happier
easierheal
thier
happiest
easiest
healthiest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在词前加more, most
careful
clever
more careful
more clever
the most careful
the most clever
(2)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
2.形容词、副词比较等级的用法
(1)原级的用法
用法
例句
说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用原级
The flowers in the garden arebeautiful.
被程度副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时用原级
She's verynicewhen you get to know her.
as+原级+as
Jack is as old as Kate.
Tom runs as fast as Mike.
not+as/so+原级+as
This room is not as/so big as that one.
He doesn't walk as/so slowly as you.
(2)比较级的用法
用法
例句
“比较级+than”,表示“比”
My brother Bob ismore hard-working thanme.
“the+比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越……,越……”
The morefruit you eat,the healthieryou will be.
“比较级+and+比较级”,表示“越来越……”
Our city is becomingcleaner and cleaner.
“the+比较级+of the two…”,表示“两者中比较……的一个”
He isthe more active of the twoboys.
“Which/Who+is/谓语动词+比较级,A or B?”, 表示“两者相比较,哪个/谁更……?”
Which is nearerto the sun, the moonorthe earth?
“比较级+than any other+可数名词单数” =“比较级+than the other+可数名词复数”,表示“比任何一个人/物都……”(比较级形式表最高级含义)
Li Gang istaller than any other studentin his class.=Li Gang istaller than the other studentsin his class.
“A+be/谓语动词+倍数+比较级+than+B”, 表示“A几倍于B”
My apples arethree times more thanyours.
根据语境判断比较级
This pair of shoes is too big for me, so I want to change for asmallerone.
【拓展】比较级前一般可用much, a little, a lot, even, still, far, a bit等词来修饰。如:
It is much warmer than yesterday.
(3)最高级的用法
“the+最高级+of/in+比较范围”,表示“……是……中最……”(三者或三者以上的)
This picture isthe best ofall in the box.
“one of the+最高级+可数名词复数+比较范围”,表示“……中最……之一”
Qipao isone of the most traditional dressesin China.
“the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+比较范围”,表示“A是……中第几最……”
She isthe second tallest girlin our class.
“Which/Who+be+the+最高级,A, B or C?”,表示“三者比较,哪个/谁最……?”
Who is the tallestin your class, Tom, KateorBill?
否定词+比较级(+than)或can't/couldn't+比较级(否定词有not, no, never, nothing等)
Nobodycould do the workbetter thanhe did.
根据语境判断最高级
There are four seasons in a year. Autumn isthe bestone.
【注意】
(1)形容词最高级前要加the,但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等时,不加the。
(2)副词最高级前的the可省略。
核心考向三 形容词和副词的词性转换
考法总结
形容词可修饰名词和复合不定代词;副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。考生可先根据语境及句子语法结构判断是填形容词还是副词,再根据所给词的词性判断是否需依据相应变化规则来转变所给词的形式。
形容词变副词的规则
规则
例词
大多数形容词在词尾加-ly
slow→slowly careful→carefully
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,先变y为i,再加-ly
heavy→heavily lucky→luckily happy→happily
easy→easily
以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去e加-y
terrible→terribly simple→simply possible→possibly
其他变化
true→truly full→fully
【拓展】
(1)许多形容词加-ly可构成副词,但是有些以-ly结尾的单词是形容词。如:friendly友好的;lonely孤独的;lovely可爱的;lively生机勃勃的;likely可能的;ugly丑陋的;silly 愚蠢的。
(2)daily, weekly与monthly三词均有三种词性:形容词、副词及名词。作名词时,分别意为“日报”“周报/周刊”与“月刊”。
(3)有些副词与形容词同形,如low, fast, late, early, much, little, hard, only, back, just, well, enough, long等。
核心考向四 其他词性转化为形容词
考法总结
“名词+-ful”可转化为形容词;“动词+-ed”可转化为形容词。
1.名词变形容词的方法
“n.+-ful”通常表示正向的意义
beauty→ beautiful 美丽的 care→ careful 小心的;仔细的 color→ colorful 多彩的
harm→ harmful 有害的 help→ helpful 有帮助的 hope→ hopeful 有希望的
meaning→ meaningful 有意义的 pain→ painful 令人疼痛的 peace→ peaceful 和平的
power→ powerful 强大的 success→ successful 成功的 use→ useful 有用的
wonder→ wonderful 奇妙的
“n.+-less”通常表示反义
care→ careless 粗心的 harm→ harmless 无害的 help→ helpless 无助的
home→ homeless 无家可归的 hope→ hopeless 无希望的 use→ useless 无用的
meaning→ meaningless 无意义的
n.+-al(包含去e加-al)
center→ central 中心的 culture→ cultural 文化的
education→ educational 有教育意义的 environment→ environmental 环境的
magic→ magical 有魔力的 medicine→ medical 医疗的
music→ musical 音乐的 nation→ national 国家的 nature→ natural 自然的
person→ personal 个人的 society→ social 社会的 tradition→ traditional 传统的
n.+-y(包含双写最后一个字母加-y)
cloud→ cloudy 多云的 rain→ rainy 有雨的 snow→ snowy 下雪的
sun→ sunny 阳光明媚的 fun→ funny 可笑的 health→ healthy 健康的
luck→ lucky 幸运的 mess→ messy 凌乱的 noise→ noisy 嘈杂的
sleep→ sleepy 困倦的 taste→ tasty 美味的 thirst→ thirsty 口渴的
wealth→ wealthy 富裕的
“n.+-en”多表示由某物制成的
gold→ golden 金的 wood→ wooden 木制的 wool→ woolen 羊毛的
“n.+-ous”多表示抽象意义
danger→ dangerous 危险的 humor→ humorous 幽默的
“n.+-ern”多表示方位
east→ eastern 东方的 west→ western 西方的 south→ southern 南方的
north→ northern 北方的
n.+-ly(包含变y为i加-ly)
day→ daily 每天的,日常的 week→ weekly 每周一次的 month→ monthly 每月的
friend→ friendly 友好的 love→ lovely 可爱的
n.+-able(包含去e加-able)
value→ valuable 有价值的 fashion→ fashionable 时髦的
特殊变形
anger→ angry 生气的 hunger→ hungry 饥饿的 pride→ proud 骄傲的
2.动词变形容词的方法
v.+-ed/-ing(-ed形容词多表示人的感受,-ing形容词多用于修饰物)
amaze→ amazed 吃惊的→ amazing 令人大为惊奇的
bore→ bored (对某人/事物)厌烦的→ boring 令人厌倦(或厌烦)的
excite→ excited 兴奋的→ exciting 令人激动的
interest → interested 感兴趣的→ interesting 有趣的
please→ pleased 高兴,满意→ pleasing 令人高兴的
relax→ relaxed 放松的→ relaxing 令人放松的
satisfy→ satisfied 满意的→ satisfying 令人满意(或满足)的
surprise→ surprised 惊讶的→ surprising 令人吃惊的
tire→ tired 疲倦的→ tiring 令人困倦的
v.+-able
comfort→ comfortable 舒服的 enjoy→ enjoyable 令人愉快的
afford→ affordable 负担得起的
v.+-tive
act→ active 积极的 create→ creative 有创造力的
a-+v.
live→ alive 活着的 sleep→ asleep 睡着的 wake→ awake 醒着的
核心考向五 考查形容词短语和句型
考法总结
含形容词的句型在语篇填空第二节中考查过两次(it is +adj. +to do sth.)。考生应熟记常用的形容词短语并总结各类含形容词的句型,以便在考场上灵活应对短文填空题型。
1.“be+形容词+介词”短语汇总
be+形容词+at
be amazed at对……感到吃惊 be good at擅长…… be mad at对……感到生气
be disappointed at对……感到失望 be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
be+形容词+with
be angry with 对……感到生气 be busy with忙于…… be good with善于应付……
be popular with 受……的欢迎 be pleased/satisfied with对……感到满意
be strict with对……严格要求
be+形容词+for
be late for迟到 be/get ready for为……做准备 be sorry for对……感到抱歉
be responsible for对……负责 be good/bad for对……有好处/坏处 be thirsty for渴望……
be thankful for 对……心存感激 be famous/known for因……而闻名
be+形容词+to
be similar to与……相似 be harmful to 对……有害 be thankful to感谢……
be friendly/kind/nice to对……友好 be close to接近;靠近 be good to 对……好
be polite to对……有礼貌
be+形容词+of
be afraid of害怕…… be tired of 对……感到厌倦 be proud of以……为骄傲
be full of充满…… be certain/sure of对……有把握 be short of 短缺
be+形容词+from
be absent from缺席 be different from 与……不同 be separated from和……分开
be free from 免受;免于(2016.72)
be+形容词+in
be different in在……方面不同 be interested in对……感兴趣(2021.68, 2018.72)
be weak in在……方面弱 be successful in在……方面成功
be+形容词+about
be careful about对……小心 be crazy about 对……热衷 be sorry about对……感到抱歉
be sure about 对……有把握 be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格
2.含形容词的句型总结
①It’s + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是……,如:
It’s interesting to see two people talking that way. 看见两个人那样说话很有趣。
②It’s + adj. +for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……(此句型中形容词通常为difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等),如:
It’s impossible for a child to answer the question. 小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。
It’s dangerous for you to swim alone. 你自己一个人去游泳很危险。
③It’s + adj. +of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是……(此句型中形容词通常为good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless等形容人的品质的),如:
It’s nice of you to help me. 你帮我,你真好。
④主语+find/think/make/consider/feel 等+it+ adj.+ to do sth. 某人发现/认为/使得/考虑/感觉做某事是……,如:
I find it impossible to finish my homework in one day. 我觉得一天内无法完成家庭作业。
⑤主语+ be + adj. + to do sth. 某人……做某事(此句型中形容词通常为glad, pleased, sorry, sad, thankful, ready, able, sure, certain等),如:
I’m very sorry to hear the news. 听到这个消息我很难过。
I’m glad to see you. 见到你我很高兴。
Tom is sure/certain to come. 汤姆一定会来。
1. As a teenager, we should know now to spend our pocket money (wise).
2. More and more Chinese people are used to (West) food, especially the young.
3. It's (nature) to put on weight if you seldom do exercise.
4. You should also try to have (little) sugary drinks.
5. Are you interested in a foreigner's (day) life in China?
6. All of us want to do more work with (little) time and fewer workers.
7. I do it even (good) than before.
8. Jim's plan seemed (hope), but he succeeded at last.
9. In my heart, the person I like (much) is my mother.
10. I was the (early) student that arrived at school yesterday.
11. There are some (relax) books to read in the library.
12. Jack was really (surprise) to see me on the street.
13. Visit the (centre) park if you have time. It's beautiful in autumn.
14. I don't like soap operas because I think they are (meaning).
15. Look! Your room is really (tidy). You should learn to do housework.
16. The little boy is so (care) that he often leaves his homework at home.
17. The (nation) Day of China is a holiday for people to relax.
18. (unlucky), the man hurt badly in the accident.
19. My headache is getting (bad) and I need to see the doctor immediately.
20. There are many dark clouds in the sky. It must be (rain) soon.
21. (sudden), a cat jumped out of the corner.
22. The radio is too (noise). Please turn it down a little.
23. Ben is (real) sorry for breaking his sister's cup by mistake.
24. The boy over there is a bit (old) than you.
25. Jenny was (worry) about her maths exam yesterday.
26. Sending newspapers to each office is what Mr Liu needs to do (day).
27. (certain), we can make our own way.
28. I can't buy anything in the store, because it is (close) now.
29. I believe you can solve the problem (easy) by yourself.
30. I'm sorry to say you don't answer the question (proper).
31. Tom can show us how to use the camera (proper).
32. It is one of the most popular shopping (website) in China.
33. It seems (fair) on Bob to make him pay for everything. Let's share the cost.
34. He Jie, an (Asia) player, won a gold me dal at the 19th Asian Game.
35. Anna is such a (true) kind girl that she always offers help to the homeless.
36. Xiao is one of the oldest (music) instruments in China.
37. My friends think this adventure novel is as (interest) as that one.
38. The boy fell off his bike. (lucky), he didn't hurt himself.
39. It's (satisfy) to make friends during your trip.
40. Cindy and Allen got (marry) last month.
41. Look! The children are playing (happy) over there.
42. Without Tom's help, I will (certain) fail the maths exam.
43. Mr Black looks younger than his wife, but (actual) he's a lot older.
44. Sometimes walking is even (fast) than driving during the busy traffic hours.
45. The police took the (wound) driver to the hospital quickly, but it was still too late.
46. I was (terrible) sorry to hear about the death of the hero.
47. I love this country. I must say I'm really (surprise) and happy about the fast development here.
48. As we are getting older, we must learn to be . (depend)
49.— Tom has worked for nearly ten hours.— He is very tired. He needs to have a rest.( certain)
50. Although she is old, she is still as as before.( beauty)
51. I'm busy now,I will give you a reply .( late)
52. Hainan is a very large island. It's the second island in China.( large)
53. He has put on too much weight because of his ( health) diet.
54. You can (simple)dance on the stage.
55. Mr. Green gave us some advice on how to start a conversation . (polite)
56. We have seen some (India)movies.
57. Everybody expects to succeed in life, even as a teenager, you can achieve success in life, here are some important points that you may find (help).
58. Many forms of (tradition)art try to show the things that are important in life, such as love, beauty and family.
59. All the works at the fair were made by university students. The students came up with many really interesting and (create)ideas.
60. When you do your homework you need to write . (careful)
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专题05 形容词和副词
第一部分 形容词
考点
课标要求
命题预测
形容词、副词词义辨析
· 掌握形容词、副词的基本用法,形容词在句中可以作定语、表语和补足语等辨析
纵观湖南省卷以及长沙卷中考题,对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中,要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫,同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。从考查形式看,一般有完形填空、语法填空等。所占分值通常为4~5分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用形容词副词的能力。
形容词、副词的变化规则
· 掌握形容词+-ly变副词,名词变形容词,动词变形容词,常考词性转化为形容词以及短语和句型
形容词、副词的比较等级
· 掌握形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化及重要表达
1.(2024 湖南长沙卷)After long and ____1____ training, the Chinese team went on its first international rescue (救援) tasks in 2003.
1. A. careful B. poor C. useless
【答案】A
【详解】句意:经过长期周密的训练,中国救援队于2003年首次执行国际救援任务。
careful周密的;poor贫穷的;useless无用的。根据“After long and...training, the Chinese team went on its first international rescue (救援) tasks in 2003.”可知,中国救援队要有长期周密的训练,故选A。
2.(2024 湖南长沙卷)They have to be able to do difficult work when it is very ____2____. For example, there is usually no electricity or water after a disaster, and there may be illnesses and accidents. Rescue workers get to save lives, but they must also deal with the dead. That means they have to be ____3____ in both body and mind.
2. A. comfortable B. safe C. dangerous
3.A. weak B. strong C. slow
【答案】2. C 3. B
【详解】【2题详解】句意:他们必须能够在非常危险的情况下从事艰苦的工作。comfortable舒服的;safe安全的;dangerous危险的。根据“They have to be able to do difficult work when it is very...”可知,他们的工作情况非常危险,故选C。
【3题详解】句意:这意味着他们必须在身体和精神上都很强大。weak虚弱的;strong强大的;slow缓慢的。根据“That means they have to be...in both body and mind.”可知,他们必须在身体和精神上都很强大。故选B。
3.(2024 湖南省卷)As a child, I was quite active. I was running around and getting hurt almost every day. My mom was 4 A neighbor advised me to learn to fish. I liked the idea, but my mom said no. She thought it was 5 to get close to any body of water.
4. A. bored B. surprised C. worried
5. A. helpful B. dangerous C. necessary
【答案】4. C 5. B
【4题详解】考查形容词。句意:我妈妈很担心。A无聊的;B惊讶的;C担心的。根据I was running around and getting hurt almost every day.(我到处跑,几乎每天都受伤。)可知妈妈很担心。故选C。
【5题详解】考查形容词。句意:她认为靠近水边是危险的。A有帮助的;B危险的;C有必要的。根据my mom said no(我妈妈不同意)可知她认为是危险的。故选B。
4.(2023 湖南衡阳卷)In a small village, a boy named Mark lived with his father, a wise old man. One day, Mark told his father ___ 6__ that he made little progress in learning the guitar. No matter how hard he tried, he couldn’t improve. Mark asked his father for some help.
“Follow me.I will lead you to the__ 7____ hills around the village tomorrow.” said his father. The next day, they set out.
6. A happily B. sadly C. quietly
7. A. high B. low C. small
【答案】6. B 7.A
【6题详解】句意:一天,马克伤心地告诉他的父亲,他在学习吉他方面几乎没有进步。happily开心地; sadly伤心地;quietly安静地。根据he made little progress in learning the guitar.”可知在学习吉他方面几乎没有进步,应该会很伤心,故选B。
【7题详解】句意:明天我带你到村子周围的高山上去。high高的;low低的; small小的。根据下文“go to the top of the highest hill”可知是指高山,故选A。
5.(2023 湖南怀化卷)“ It was ___8___, mom. Labor Day(劳动节) is coming. I am excited that I will have no class next Monday!”
1. A. great B. terrible C. boring
【答案】8.A
【8题详解】句意:非常好。great好的;terrible糟糕的;boring无聊的。根据“I am excited”可知她感觉很好。故选A。
6.(2023 湖南怀化卷)When I was young, I lived in a small village in Melaka, Malaysia with my parents and two brothers. Although we were poor, we lived happily. The Lin family, living in the bicycle shop opposite our house, had an even ___9___ life.
Mr. Lin, the bicycle repairman, had six children. He couldn’t buy new clothes and get enough food for them. His children were always dressed in old clothes and looked very ___10___. My father was kind-hearted. He ran a grocery store (食品杂货店). He ___11___ took whatever food we could spare to Mr. Lin.
9. A. harder B. easier C. quieter
10. A. lonely B. heavy C. thin
11. A. often B. seldom C. never
【答案】9.A 10. C 11. A
【9题详解】句意:住在我们家对面自行车店的林家,日子就更不好过了。harder更难的;easier更容易地;quieter更安静的。根据“Mr. Lin, the bicycle repairman, had six children. He couldn’t buy new clothes and get enough food for them.”可知,林先生是个自行车修理工,有六个孩子,他不能给他们买新衣服和足够的食物,所以林家的生活更难。故选A。
【10题详解】句意:他的孩子们总是穿着旧衣服,看起来很瘦。lonely孤独的;heavy重的;thin瘦的。根据“His children were always dressed in old clothes and looked very...”可知,生活很难,所以孩子们总是穿着旧衣服,看起来很瘦。故选C。
【11题详解】句意:他经常把我们多余的食物给林先生。often经常;seldom很少;never从不。根据“He...took whatever food we could spare to Mr. Lin.”可知,父亲经常把我们多余的食物给林先生。故选A。
7.(2023 湖南岳阳卷)Every year, some people experience these sick feelings, especially old people and ____11____ children. HIN1 flu is similar to the common cold, but it is much more serious. It can cause a ____12____ temperature above 39 ℃, and the symptom (症状) of fever may last (持续) 3~4 days, or even 5~7 days.
12. A. young B. brave C. disabled
13. A. low B. high C. normal
【答案】12 A 13. B
【12题详解】句意:每年都有一些人会有这种不舒服的感觉,尤其是老人和小孩。young年轻的;brave勇敢的;disabled残疾的。根据“especially old people and...children. ”可知此处是指小孩,故选A。
【13题详解】句意:可引起39℃以上的高烧,发热症状可持续3~4天,甚至5~7天。low低的;high高的;normal正常的。根据“temperature above 39 ℃,”可知是指发高烧,故选B。
8. (2024 湖南长沙卷)Peonies say, “You are special to me.” They are also a symbol of wealth and ___13___ (rich).
【答案】richness
【13题详解】句意:它们也是财富和富裕的象征。此处与wealth并列,用名词形式,故填richness。
9. (2024 湖南长沙卷)In fact, the word for “apple” in Chinese sounds like “peace”. ___14___ (certain), apples make great gifts.
【答案】Certainly
【14题详解】句意:当然,苹果是很好的礼物。此处在句中修饰整个句子,用副词Certainly放句首,故填Certainly。
10. (2024 湖南省卷)There are many markets and food shops here. I can 15 (usual) find any ingredient(配料) I need.
【答案】usually
【15题详解】句意:我可以通常找到我需要的任何配料。根据空后find为实义动词,可知空处使用副词修饰动词。usual通常的,形容词;usually通常,副词。故填usually。
10. (2024 湖南省卷)There are many markets and food shops here. I can 15 (usual) find any ingredient(配料) I need.
【答案】usually
【15题详解】句意:我可以通常找到我需要的任何配料。根据空后find为实义动词,可知空处使用副词修饰动词。usual通常的,形容词;usually通常,副词。故填usually。
11. (2024 湖南省卷) Well-prepared natural food has a 16 (good) taste than fastfood.
【答案】better
【16题详解】考查比较级。句意:精心准备的天然食品比快餐有更好的味道。根据空后than(比)可知,空处使用比较级形式。good好的,比较极为better。故填better。
12. (2023湖南怀化卷) He ___17__ (real) misses his hometown.More and more hometowns are developing ___18___ (fast) than before.
【答案】17. really 18. faster
【17题详解】句意:他非常想念他的家乡。此空修饰动词misses,应填副词really,故填really。
【18题详解】句意:越来越多的家乡比以前发展得快。根据than可知,此空应填比较级,故填faster。
13. (2023湖南永州卷) Three Chinese astronauts on board the Shenzhou-15 manned spaceship returned to Earth _____19____(safe)on June 4, 2023, completing their six-month space station task.
【答案】 safely
【19题详解】句意:2023年6月4日,神舟15号载人飞船上的三名中国宇航员安全返回地球,完成了为期六个月的空间站任务。safe“安全的”,形容词,此处是修饰动词,应用副词,故填safely。
14. (2023湖南长沙卷)How do you write a letter? ____20____ (general) speaking, a letter includes these parts. The date and a greeting (问候语) such as “Dear…” should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as “Love” or “Yours truly” needs to follow the body.
【答案】 Generally
【20题详解】句意:一般来说,一封信包括这些部分。generally enerally“一般来说”,句首需大写首字母。故填Generally。
15. (2023湖南长沙卷)Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes ____21____ (enjoy) memories (回忆).
【答案】enjoyable
【21题详解】句意:它带来愉快的回忆。此处作定语修饰memories,用形容词形式。故填enjoyable。
核心考向一 形容词和副词的基本用法
形容词的基本用法
形容词用于修饰名词或代词,说明人或事物的性质、状态、属性或特征。基本用法如下:
功能
位置
例句
作定语
放在名词前
This is aninterestingbook.
形容词修饰复合不定代词时,通常后置
I have somethingimportantto tell you.
作表语
放在系动词后,系动词主要有be动词、三变化(turn,get,become)、感官动词以及stay, go, seem等
This activity is meaningful.
Leaves turn yellow in autumn.
You look very happy.
Lucy always stays positive.
作宾语补足语
常置于keep, make, leave等动词之后,说明宾语的性质、状态和特征
We should keep our classroomclean.
作状语
相当于状语从句,可位于句首、句末或句中。
He arrived home,hungryandtired.
【拓展】
(1)形容词alive, alone, afraid, awake, asleep, well(健康的)等只能作表语。如:Don't be afraid!
(2)有些形容词位于定冠词the之后,泛指一类人,表示复数概念,作主语时,谓语动词用复数(如:be用are/were)。这类词有: young/old, rich/poor, healthy/ill, living/dead等。如:
The wise are always listening, not speaking.
副词的基本用法
功能
位置
例句
作状语
①多数副词放在动词之后
It's raining heavily now.
②动词若带宾语,则放在宾语之后
The girl listens to the teacher carefully.
③频度副词通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词、助动词和be动词之后
We can often see the girl read here.
④程度副词修饰形容词或副词,一般放在被修饰词前
I'm almost ready.
作表语
主要限于少数状态或位置副词、时间副词以及其他副词
When will you be back?
作定语
一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后
Life here is full of joy.
作补足语
可作主语补足语或宾语补足语,说明主语和宾语所处的位置、状态、性质、特征等
He is too young to leave him at home alone.(作宾语补足语)
2.常见副词的位置及分类
类型
典型词汇
用法
频度副词
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom,hardly ever, never等
置于行为动词之前,be动词、助动词及情态动词之后,表示动作发生的频率
方式副词
quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast等
置于不及物动词之后或及物动词之前,表示动作的行为方式
程度副词
heavily, quite, enough, almost, hardly, rather, a lot, a little, so, too, much等
置于被修饰的词前,表示动词、形容词或另一个副词的强度或程度
时间副词
now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago,just, soon, lately,already, ever, yet等
一般置于句尾,表示动作发生的时间,是确定句子时态的重要标志
地点副词
outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in, back, off, up, anywhere等
一般置于句尾,表示动作发生的地点或位置关系
疑问副词(词组)
when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far等
置于特殊疑问句或宾语从句的句首,用于构成特殊疑问句
【注意】enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置。如:The boy is old enough to go to school.(修饰形容词)
Sara speaks English well enough to communicate with a British.(修饰副词)
3.其他常考副词
anyway无论如何
abroad在国外
alone独自
also并且;也
besides此外
especially尤其;特别
finally最后;最终
however然而;不过
instead代替;反而
once一次;曾经
perhaps可能;大概
probably大概
【拓展】
(1)有些以-ly结尾的单词是形容词,如:
friendly, lonely, lovely, lively, ugly等
(2)同形形容词和副词
①词义相近的同形形容词和副词
形容词
副词
We had an early breakfast.(早的)
We had breakfastearly.(早地)
We went by a fast train.(快的)
Don't speak so fast.(快地)
②词义不同的同形形容词和副词
形容词
副词
I want astraightanswer.(坦诚的)
He wentstraightto Beijing.(直接地)
I don't feelwelltoday.(健康的)
Our plans gowell.(顺利地)
It is as hard as a stone.(坚硬的)
The test is so hard.(困难的)
She studies hard.(努力地)
He holds the paper hard.(用力地)
(3)有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词,但加了-ly之后意义相差很大,如:
4.副词词义辨析
分析浙江真题,副词词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查,且主要考查的是-ly副词词义辨析,偶尔涉及频度副词词义辨析。
核心考向二 形容词和副词的比较等级
1.形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则
(1)规则变化
类别
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词
直接加-er, -est
young
younger
youngest
以不发音e结尾的加-r, -st
large
larger
largest
以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-er或-est
big
fat
hot
bigger
fatter
hotter
biggest
fattest
hottest
以“辅音字母加y”结尾,先变y为i,再加-er, -est
happy
easy
healthy
happier
easierheal
thier
happiest
easiest
healthiest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在词前加more, most
careful
clever
more careful
more clever
the most careful
the most clever
(2)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
2.形容词、副词比较等级的用法
(1)原级的用法
用法
例句
说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用原级
The flowers in the garden arebeautiful.
被程度副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时用原级
She's verynicewhen you get to know her.
as+原级+as
Jack is as old as Kate.
Tom runs as fast as Mike.
not+as/so+原级+as
This room is not as/so big as that one.
He doesn't walk as/so slowly as you.
(2)比较级的用法
用法
例句
“比较级+than”,表示“比”
My brother Bob ismore hard-working thanme.
“the+比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越……,越……”
The morefruit you eat,the healthieryou will be.
“比较级+and+比较级”,表示“越来越……”
Our city is becomingcleaner and cleaner.
“the+比较级+of the two…”,表示“两者中比较……的一个”
He isthe more active of the twoboys.
“Which/Who+is/谓语动词+比较级,A or B?”, 表示“两者相比较,哪个/谁更……?”
Which is nearerto the sun, the moonorthe earth?
“比较级+than any other+可数名词单数” =“比较级+than the other+可数名词复数”,表示“比任何一个人/物都……”(比较级形式表最高级含义)
Li Gang istaller than any other studentin his class.=Li Gang istaller than the other studentsin his class.
“A+be/谓语动词+倍数+比较级+than+B”, 表示“A几倍于B”
My apples arethree times more thanyours.
根据语境判断比较级
This pair of shoes is too big for me, so I want to change for asmallerone.
【拓展】比较级前一般可用much, a little, a lot, even, still, far, a bit等词来修饰。如:
It is much warmer than yesterday.
(3)最高级的用法
“the+最高级+of/in+比较范围”,表示“……是……中最……”(三者或三者以上的)
This picture isthe best ofall in the box.
“one of the+最高级+可数名词复数+比较范围”,表示“……中最……之一”
Qipao isone of the most traditional dressesin China.
“the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+比较范围”,表示“A是……中第几最……”
She isthe second tallest girlin our class.
“Which/Who+be+the+最高级,A, B or C?”,表示“三者比较,哪个/谁最……?”
Who is the tallestin your class, Tom, KateorBill?
否定词+比较级(+than)或can't/couldn't+比较级(否定词有not, no, never, nothing等)
Nobodycould do the workbetter thanhe did.
根据语境判断最高级
There are four seasons in a year. Autumn isthe bestone.
【注意】
(1)形容词最高级前要加the,但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等时,不加the。
(2)副词最高级前的the可省略。
核心考向三 形容词和副词的词性转换
考法总结
形容词可修饰名词和复合不定代词;副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。考生可先根据语境及句子语法结构判断是填形容词还是副词,再根据所给词的词性判断是否需依据相应变化规则来转变所给词的形式。
形容词变副词的规则
规则
例词
大多数形容词在词尾加-ly
slow→slowly careful→carefully
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,先变y为i,再加-ly
heavy→heavily lucky→luckily happy→happily
easy→easily
以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去e加-y
terrible→terribly simple→simply possible→possibly
其他变化
true→truly full→fully
【拓展】
(1)许多形容词加-ly可构成副词,但是有些以-ly结尾的单词是形容词。如:friendly友好的;lonely孤独的;lovely可爱的;lively生机勃勃的;likely可能的;ugly丑陋的;silly 愚蠢的。
(2)daily, weekly与monthly三词均有三种词性:形容词、副词及名词。作名词时,分别意为“日报”“周报/周刊”与“月刊”。
(3)有些副词与形容词同形,如low, fast, late, early, much, little, hard, only, back, just, well, enough, long等。
核心考向四 其他词性转化为形容词
考法总结
“名词+-ful”可转化为形容词;“动词+-ed”可转化为形容词。
1.名词变形容词的方法
“n.+-ful”通常表示正向的意义
beauty→ beautiful 美丽的 care→ careful 小心的;仔细的 color→ colorful 多彩的
harm→ harmful 有害的 help→ helpful 有帮助的 hope→ hopeful 有希望的
meaning→ meaningful 有意义的 pain→ painful 令人疼痛的 peace→ peaceful 和平的
power→ powerful 强大的 success→ successful 成功的 use→ useful 有用的
wonder→ wonderful 奇妙的
“n.+-less”通常表示反义
care→ careless 粗心的 harm→ harmless 无害的 help→ helpless 无助的
home→ homeless 无家可归的 hope→ hopeless 无希望的 use→ useless 无用的
meaning→ meaningless 无意义的
n.+-al(包含去e加-al)
center→ central 中心的 culture→ cultural 文化的
education→ educational 有教育意义的 environment→ environmental 环境的
magic→ magical 有魔力的 medicine→ medical 医疗的
music→ musical 音乐的 nation→ national 国家的 nature→ natural 自然的
person→ personal 个人的 society→ social 社会的 tradition→ traditional 传统的
n.+-y(包含双写最后一个字母加-y)
cloud→ cloudy 多云的 rain→ rainy 有雨的 snow→ snowy 下雪的
sun→ sunny 阳光明媚的 fun→ funny 可笑的 health→ healthy 健康的
luck→ lucky 幸运的 mess→ messy 凌乱的 noise→ noisy 嘈杂的
sleep→ sleepy 困倦的 taste→ tasty 美味的 thirst→ thirsty 口渴的
wealth→ wealthy 富裕的
“n.+-en”多表示由某物制成的
gold→ golden 金的 wood→ wooden 木制的 wool→ woolen 羊毛的
“n.+-ous”多表示抽象意义
danger→ dangerous 危险的 humor→ humorous 幽默的
“n.+-ern”多表示方位
east→ eastern 东方的 west→ western 西方的 south→ southern 南方的
north→ northern 北方的
n.+-ly(包含变y为i加-ly)
day→ daily 每天的,日常的 week→ weekly 每周一次的 month→ monthly 每月的
friend→ friendly 友好的 love→ lovely 可爱的
n.+-able(包含去e加-able)
value→ valuable 有价值的 fashion→ fashionable 时髦的
特殊变形
anger→ angry 生气的 hunger→ hungry 饥饿的 pride→ proud 骄傲的
2.动词变形容词的方法
v.+-ed/-ing(-ed形容词多表示人的感受,-ing形容词多用于修饰物)
amaze→ amazed 吃惊的→ amazing 令人大为惊奇的
bore→ bored (对某人/事物)厌烦的→ boring 令人厌倦(或厌烦)的
excite→ excited 兴奋的→ exciting 令人激动的
interest → interested 感兴趣的→ interesting 有趣的
please→ pleased 高兴,满意→ pleasing 令人高兴的
relax→ relaxed 放松的→ relaxing 令人放松的
satisfy→ satisfied 满意的→ satisfying 令人满意(或满足)的
surprise→ surprised 惊讶的→ surprising 令人吃惊的
tire→ tired 疲倦的→ tiring 令人困倦的
v.+-able
comfort→ comfortable 舒服的 enjoy→ enjoyable 令人愉快的
afford→ affordable 负担得起的
v.+-tive
act→ active 积极的 create→ creative 有创造力的
a-+v.
live→ alive 活着的 sleep→ asleep 睡着的 wake→ awake 醒着的
核心考向五 考查形容词短语和句型
考法总结
含形容词的句型在语篇填空第二节中考查过两次(it is +adj. +to do sth.)。考生应熟记常用的形容词短语并总结各类含形容词的句型,以便在考场上灵活应对短文填空题型。
1.“be+形容词+介词”短语汇总
be+形容词+at
be amazed at对……感到吃惊 be good at擅长…… be mad at对……感到生气
be disappointed at对……感到失望 be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
be+形容词+with
be angry with 对……感到生气 be busy with忙于…… be good with善于应付……
be popular with 受……的欢迎 be pleased/satisfied with对……感到满意
be strict with对……严格要求
be+形容词+for
be late for迟到 be/get ready for为……做准备 be sorry for对……感到抱歉
be responsible for对……负责 be good/bad for对……有好处/坏处 be thirsty for渴望……
be thankful for 对……心存感激 be famous/known for因……而闻名
be+形容词+to
be similar to与……相似 be harmful to 对……有害 be thankful to感谢……
be friendly/kind/nice to对……友好 be close to接近;靠近 be good to 对……好
be polite to对……有礼貌
be+形容词+of
be afraid of害怕…… be tired of 对……感到厌倦 be proud of以……为骄傲
be full of充满…… be certain/sure of对……有把握 be short of 短缺
be+形容词+from
be absent from缺席 be different from 与……不同 be separated from和……分开
be free from 免受;免于(2016.72)
be+形容词+in
be different in在……方面不同 be interested in对……感兴趣(2021.68, 2018.72)
be weak in在……方面弱 be successful in在……方面成功
be+形容词+about
be careful about对……小心 be crazy about 对……热衷 be sorry about对……感到抱歉
be sure about 对……有把握 be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格
2.含形容词的句型总结
①It’s + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是……,如:
It’s interesting to see two people talking that way. 看见两个人那样说话很有趣。
②It’s + adj. +for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……(此句型中形容词通常为difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等),如:
It’s impossible for a child to answer the question. 小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。
It’s dangerous for you to swim alone. 你自己一个人去游泳很危险。
③It’s + adj. +of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是……(此句型中形容词通常为good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless等形容人的品质的),如:
It’s nice of you to help me. 你帮我,你真好。
④主语+find/think/make/consider/feel 等+it+ adj.+ to do sth. 某人发现/认为/使得/考虑/感觉做某事是……,如:
I find it impossible to finish my homework in one day. 我觉得一天内无法完成家庭作业。
⑤主语+ be + adj. + to do sth. 某人……做某事(此句型中形容词通常为glad, pleased, sorry, sad, thankful, ready, able, sure, certain等),如:
I’m very sorry to hear the news. 听到这个消息我很难过。
I’m glad to see you. 见到你我很高兴。
Tom is sure/certain to come. 汤姆一定会来。
1. As a teenager, we should know now to spend our pocket money (wise).
【答案】wisely
【解析】【分析】句意:作为一个青少年,我们现在应该知道如何花我们的零花钱。 wise,明智的,形容词。 spend our pocket money 是动词短语,应该用副词来修饰, wise的副词形式是 wisely 。故答案为: wisely 。
2. More and more Chinese people are used to (West) food, especially the young.
【答案】Western
【解析】【分析】句意:越来越多的中国人,尤其是年轻人,习惯了西餐。West,名词,西方;所填词修饰名词food,是形容词词性,West对应的形容词是Western,故填Western。
3. It's (nature) to put on weight if you seldom do exercise.
【答案】natural
【解析】【分析】句意:如果你很少锻炼,增重是自然的。nature是名词,自然,It is+形容词+to do sth是固定句型,做某事是怎么样的,natural是形容词,自然的,故答案为natural。
4. You should also try to have (little) sugary drinks.
【答案】less
【解析】【分析】句意:你也应该尽量少喝含糖饮料。"sugary drinks"意"含糖饮料",所给形容词little在句中作定语,修饰sugary drinks,结合常识,可知应该少喝含糖饮料,所以应使用比较级形式,故填less。
5. Are you interested in a foreigner's (day) life in China?
【答案】daily
【解析】【分析】句意:你对外国人在中国的日常生活感兴趣吗?根据常见结构"形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词",可知空格处应使用形容词;day的形容词形式是daily,意"日常的",在句中作定语,修饰名词life。故填daily。
6. All of us want to do more work with (little) time and fewer workers.
【答案】less
【解析】【分析】句意:我们都希望用更少的时间和更少的工人做更多的工作。and连接的与"fewer workers更少的工人"并列的应该是"更少的时间",time是不可数名词,应使用little的比较级less表示"更少的时间"。故填less。
7. I do it even (good) than before.
【答案】better
【解析】【分析】句意:我比以前做得更好了。根据than,可知空格处应使用比较级,表示"比以前更好",修饰谓语动词do,应使用副词;good的副词是well,well的比较级是better。故填better。
8. Jim's plan seemed (hope), but he succeeded at last.
【答案】hopeless
【解析】【分析】句意:吉姆的计划似乎没有希望,但他最后还是成功了。seem后应使用形容词作表语;结合" but he succeeded at last但他最后还是成功了",可知此处表示Jim的计划貌似没有希望,"没有希望的"是hopeless,表示否定意义的形容词。故填hopeless。
9. In my heart, the person I like (much) is my mother.
【答案】most
【解析】【分析】句意: 在我心里,我最喜欢的人是我的妈妈。 much非常,副词,此处修饰动词,需要副词,根据 In my heart 可知,此处指最喜欢的人是妈妈,most最,副词最高级,修饰动词like,故填most。
10. I was the (early) student that arrived at school yesterday.
【答案】earliest
【解析】【分析】句意: 昨天我是最早到学校的学生。空后是名词,此处需要形容词作定语,early早的,形容词,空前有定冠词the,此处用形容词最高级,故填earliest。
11. There are some (relax) books to read in the library.
【答案】relaxing
【解析】【分析】句意: 图书馆里有一些令人放松的书可以读。空后是名词,此处需要形容词作定语,relax使放松,动词,relaxing令人放松的,形容词,修饰事物,relaxed感到放松的,形容词,修饰人,此处修饰事物,用ing形容词,故填relaxing。
12. Jack was really (surprise) to see me on the street.
【答案】surprised
【解析】 【分析】句意: Jack 在街上看到我时真的很惊讶。surprise"惊讶",名词&"使惊讶",动词。此处描述的是Jack的情感反应,即他看到我时的感受。因此应用surprise的形容词surprised"感到惊讶的"这一情感状态,此处作表语,故填surprised。
13. Visit the (centre) park if you have time. It's beautiful in autumn.
【答案】central
【解析】【分析】句意:如果你有时间,参观中心公园。它在秋天是美丽的。centre是名词,中心,名词park前面缺少形容词做定语,centre的形容词是central,中心的,中央的,故答案为central。
14. I don't like soap operas because I think they are (meaning).
【答案】meaningless
【解析】【分析】句意:我 不喜欢肥皂剧因为我认为它们毫无意义。所填词做系动词are的表语,是形容词词性,根据"I don't like soap operas"可知我认为他们毫无意义,meaning,名词,意义,meaningless,形容词,没有意义的,故填meaningless。
15. Look! Your room is really (tidy). You should learn to do housework.
【答案】untidy
【解析】【分析】句意:看!你的房间真不整洁。你应该学会做家务。根据"You should learn to do housework. "可知房间不整洁,所填词做is表语,是形容词词性,tidy,形容词,整洁的,untidy,形容词,不整洁的,故填untidy。
16. The little boy is so (care) that he often leaves his homework at home.
【答案】careless
【解析】【分析】句意:这个小男孩儿如此粗心以至于他经常把作业拉在家。所填词做系动词is的表语,是形容词词性,根据"that he often leaves his homework at home"可知此处要表达粗心的,care,名词,关系,careless,形容词,粗心的,故填careless。
17. The (nation) Day of China is a holiday for people to relax.
【答案】National
【解析】【分析】句意:中国的国庆节是人民休息的节日。nation,名词,国家,national,形容词,国家的,National Day,国庆节,故填National。
18. (unlucky), the man hurt badly in the accident.
【答案】Unluckily
【解析】【分析】句意:不幸的是,这个男人在交通事故中受伤严重。根据"the man hurt badly"可知此处要表达不幸的是,所填词修饰整个句子,是副词词性;unlucky,形容词,不幸的,对应的副词是unluckily,不幸地是,故填unluckily。
19. My headache is getting (bad) and I need to see the doctor immediately.
【答案】worse
【解析】【分析】句意:我的头痛正变得越来越严重,我需要马上去看医生。bad,严重的,形容词,空格前有连系动词get,变得,后接形容词作表语。由下文 I need to see the doctor immediately. 可知头痛变得更严重,用比较级worse。故填worse。
20. There are many dark clouds in the sky. It must be (rain) soon.
【答案】rainy
【解析】【分析】句意:天空中有许多乌云。不久一定会下雨了。rain,雨,名词,下雨,动词。空格前有连系动词be,后接形容词作表语,rain的形容词为rainy,有雨的,故填rainy。
21. (sudden), a cat jumped out of the corner.
【答案】Suddenly
【解析】【分析】句意:突然,一只猫从角落里跳了出来。修饰整个句子作状语,用副词。sudden突然的,形容词,副词为suddenly,突然,位于句首首字母要大写,故填Suddenly。
22. The radio is too (noise). Please turn it down a little.
【答案】noisy
【解析】【分析】 句意:收音机太吵了。请把声音调小一点。noise,噪音,名词。根据句意,我们需要一个形容词来描述收音机的声音特性,即"太吵了"。在英语中,形容词用来修饰名词,提供关于名词的额外信息。"noise" 是名词,不能直接用来修饰另一个名词,所以我们需要它的形容词形式 "noisy"。因为所填词位于系动词 "is" 之后,用来形容主语 "The radio",所以用形容词 "noisy"。故填noisy。
23. Ben is (real) sorry for breaking his sister's cup by mistake.
【答案】really
【解析】【分析】句意:Ben不小心打碎了他妹妹的杯子,为此他感到非常抱歉。real,真正的,形容词。根据句子结构分析,此处应是缺少副词修饰形容词sorry。real的副词形式为really。故答案为:really。
24. The boy over there is a bit (old) than you.
【答案】older
【解析】【分析】句意:那边那个男孩比你大一点。根据空格后的than,可知空格处应使用形容词比较级,表示"年龄更大",在句中作表语。故填older。
25. Jenny was (worry) about her maths exam yesterday.
【答案】worried
【解析】【分析】句意:珍妮昨天担心她的数学考试。worry,动词,担心,worried,形容词,担心的,固定搭配be worried about,担心某事,故填worried。
26. Sending newspapers to each office is what Mr Liu needs to do (day).
【答案】daily
【解析】【分析】句意:刘每天都需要把报纸送到每个办公室。day天,可数名词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词修饰动词do,day的副词形式为daily,故填daily。
27. (certain), we can make our own way.
【答案】Certainly
【解析】【分析】句意:当然我们可以走自己的路。certain是形容词,当然的,这里用副词表示当然了,单独使用,certainly是副词,当然了,注意句首单词首字母要大写,故答案为Certainly。
28. I can't buy anything in the store, because it is (close) now.
【答案】closed
【解析】【分析】句意:我不能在商店买任何东西,因为它现在关门了。close是动词,关闭,be动词后面用形容词做表语,closed是形容词,关闭的,故答案为closed。
29. I believe you can solve the problem (easy) by yourself.
【答案】easily
【解析】【分析】句意:我相信你自己能轻易地解决这个问题。easy容易的,形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词修饰动词solve,easily是easy的副词形式,故填easily。
30. I'm sorry to say you don't answer the question (proper).
【答案】properly
【解析】【分析】句意: 很抱歉你没有正确地回答这个问题。proper正确的,形容词,此处修饰动词,需要副词,properly正确地,副词,故填properly。
31. Tom can show us how to use the camera (proper).
【答案】properly
【解析】【分析】句意: 汤姆可以教我们怎样正确地使用照相机。 proper正确的,合适的,形容词,此处修饰动词,需要副词,properly正确地,副词,故填properly。
32. It is one of the most popular shopping (website) in China.
【答案】websites
【解析】【分析】句意:它是中国最受欢迎的购物网站之一。website网站,可数名词。根据固定搭配one of+最高级+可数名词复数"最……的之一",可知应用可数名词复数websites。故答案为:websites。
33. It seems (fair) on Bob to make him pay for everything. Let's share the cost.
【答案】unfair
【解析】【分析】句意:让鲍勃为一切买单似乎对他不公平。让我们分担费用。fair公平的,形容词。根据 Let's share the cost. 让我们分担费用,可知是表示:让鲍勃为一切买单似乎对他不公平,应填形容词fair的反义词unfair"不公平的",作表语。故答案为:unfair。
34. He Jie, an (Asia) player, won a gold me dal at the 19th Asian Game.
【答案】Asian
【解析】【分析】句意:亚洲选手何洁在第19届亚运会上获得金牌。Asia亚洲,专有名词。根据空格后名词player"运动员",可知应填形容词形式Asian"亚洲的",修饰名词作定语。故答案为:Asian。
35. Anna is such a (true) kind girl that she always offers help to the homeless.
【答案】truly
【解析】【分析】句意:Anna是如此真正善良的一个女孩,以至于她总是向无家可归的人提供帮助。true"真实的",形容词,此处修饰形容词kind,应用副词truly"真正",作状语,故填truly。
36. Xiao is one of the oldest (music) instruments in China.
【答案】musical
【解析】【分析】句意:箫是中国最古老的乐器之一。music,音乐,名词。结合语句 Xiao is one of the oldest ……instruments in China. 可知,此空需要形容词形式,修饰名词instruments。music的形容词形式为musical,故答案为musical。
37. My friends think this adventure novel is as (interest) as that one.
【答案】interesting
【解析】【分析】句意:我的朋友们认为这本冒险小说和那本一样有趣。interest名词"兴趣"&动词"使感兴趣"。此句是"as ... as"同级比较结构,用于表示两个事物在某种性质上是相等的。因此,此处需要填入一个与"that one"(那一本)相对应的形容词,以描述"this adventure novel"的某种性质,修饰"小说",应用形容词interesting"有趣的",且as后接形容词原级,作表语,故填interesting。
38. The boy fell off his bike. (lucky), he didn't hurt himself.
【答案】Luckily
【解析】【分析】句意:男孩从自行车上摔了下来。幸运的是,他没有伤到自己。lucky形容词,"幸运的"。此处表达的是一种积极的、出乎意料的好结果(即尽管摔倒了但没有受伤),因此需要填入一个表示"幸运"的副词来修饰这个结果,luckily"幸运地",副词,此处修饰整个句子,作状语,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Luckily。
39. It's (satisfy) to make friends during your trip.
【答案】satisfying
【解析】【分析】句意:在旅行中交朋友是件令人满意的事。satisfy满意,实义动词。It's+形容词+to do sth.做某事是怎样的,固定搭配,主语it指的是物,所以用形容词satisfying,满意的,故填satisfying。
40. Cindy and Allen got (marry) last month.
【答案】married
【解析】【分析】句意:辛迪和艾伦上个月结婚了。marry结婚,实义动词。get married结婚,固定搭配,形容词married在此作表语,与get组成系表结构,故填married。
41. Look! The children are playing (happy) over there.
【答案】happily
【解析】【分析】句意: 看!孩子们在那边玩得很开心。 happy开心的,形容词,此处修饰动词,需要副词,happily开心地,副词,故填happily。
42. Without Tom's help, I will (certain) fail the maths exam.
【答案】certainly
【解析】【分析】句意: 没有汤姆的帮助,我的数学考试肯定不及格。 certain肯定的,形容词,此处修饰动词,需要副词,certainly肯定,副词,故填certainly。
43. Mr Black looks younger than his wife, but (actual) he's a lot older.
【答案】actually
【解析】【分析】句意:布莱克先生看起来比他的妻子更年轻,但实际上他要大得多。修饰整个句子作状语,用副词。形容词actual实际的,副词为actually实际上,故填actually。
44. Sometimes walking is even (fast) than driving during the busy traffic hours.
【答案】faster
【解析】【分析】句意:有时在交通繁忙的时候,步行甚至比开车还快。fast"快的",形容词,根据空后的than可知,此处应用形容词的比较级,作表语,fast的比较级是faster,故填faster。
45. The police took the (wound) driver to the hospital quickly, but it was still too late.
【答案】wounded
【解析】【分析】句意:警察迅速把受伤的司机送到医院,但还是太晚了。wound"伤,伤口",名词。根据空后的名词driver,可知此处应填入一个描述司机状态的形容词,wound的形容词"受伤的"是wounded,作定语,故填wounded。
46. I was (terrible) sorry to hear about the death of the hero.
【答案】terribly
【解析】【分析】句意:听到这位英雄去世的消息,我非常难过。 terrible"可怕的,糟糕的,极度的",形容词。此处修饰形容词sorry,应用terrible的副词terribly来修饰,意为"非常,很,十分",表示程度,作状语,故填terribly。
47. I love this country. I must say I'm really (surprise) and happy about the fast development here.
【答案】surprised
【解析】【分析】句意:我喜欢这个国家。我必须说我真的对这里的快速发展感到(既)惊讶(又)高兴。surprise"惊讶,惊喜"名词&"使惊讶",动词。根据空后happy,可知and连接两个并列的形容词,结合固定短语be surprised at/about sth."对某事感到惊讶",这里表示对中国快速发展的惊讶之情,故填surprised。
48. As we are getting older, we must learn to be . (depend)
【答案】independent
【解析】【分析】句意:随着年龄的增长,我们必须学会独立。depend是不及物动词,意"依赖,依靠";分析句子结构,可知空格处应填入形容词,作表语;根据" As we are getting older随着年龄的增长",可知我们应学会独立;"独立的"是independent,形容词,在句中作表语。故填independent。
49.— Tom has worked for nearly ten hours.— He is very tired. He needs to have a rest.( certain)
【答案】certainly
【解析】【分析】句意:—— 汤姆已经工作了将近十个小时。 —— 他肯定很累。他需要休息一下。certain肯定的,形容词,此处修饰形容词,需要副词,certainly肯定,副词,故填certainly。
50. Although she is old, she is still as as before.( beauty)
【答案】beautiful
【解析】【分析】句意:尽管她老了,她仍然和以前一样漂亮。前面的系动词,此处需要形容词作表语,as…as before和以前一样……,固定搭配,中间需要形容词或副词原级,beautiful美丽的,形容词,故填beautiful。
51. I'm busy now,I will give you a reply .( late)
【答案】later
【解析】【分析】句意:我现在很忙,我之后会给你一个答复。late迟的,形容词;迟,副词,later之后,以后。根据 I will give you a reply 可知,此处指之后,用副词later修饰动词,故填later。
52. Hainan is a very large island. It's the second island in China.( large)
【答案】largest
【解析】【分析】句意: 海南是一个非常大的岛屿。它是中国的第二大岛。large大的,形容词,the second largest…第二大……,固定搭配,此处需要形容词最高级作定语,故填largest。
53. He has put on too much weight because of his ( health) diet.
【答案】unhealthy
【解析】【分析】句意:他因为不健康的饮食体重增加了很多。health,健康,不可数名词。根据句子结构和语境分析可知,空处在句中做前置定语修饰名词diet,根据"He has put on too much weight"可知,空处表示"不健康的",unhealthy,形容词,符合语境,故空处应用形容词unhealthy做前置定语修饰名词diet。故填unhealthy。
54. You can (simple)dance on the stage.
【答案】simply
【解析】【分析】句意:你只需在舞台上翩翩起舞。simple简单的,形容词。根据副词作状语修饰动词,可知应填副词形式simply"只",修饰动词dance。故答案为simply。
55. Mr. Green gave us some advice on how to start a conversation . (polite)
【答案】politely
【解析】【分析】句意:格林先生就如何礼貌地开始谈话给了我们一些建议。polite礼貌的, 形容词。分析句子结构可知,这里修饰动词start"开始",应用副词。polite的副词形式为politely"礼貌地"。故答案为politely。
56. We have seen some (India)movies.
【答案】Indian
【解析】【分析】句意: 我们看过一些印度电影。India印度,专有名词。根据空格后名词movies"电影",可知应填形容词形式Indian"印度的"作定语修饰名词。故答案为Indian。
57. Everybody expects to succeed in life, even as a teenager, you can achieve success in life, here are some important points that you may find (help).
【答案】helpful
【解析】【分析】句意:每个人都希望在生活中取得成功,即使作为一名青少年,你可以在生活中获得成功,以下是一些你可能会觉得有帮助的要点。help帮助,动词。分析"here are some important points that you may find …"和提示词可知,空处应填形容词 helpful"有帮助的"作宾语补足语。故填helpful。
58. Many forms of (tradition)art try to show the things that are important in life, such as love, beauty and family.
【答案】traditional
【解析】【分析】句意:许多传统艺术形式试图展现生活中重要的事物, 比如爱、美和家庭。tradition传统,名词。分析句子结构可知, 空后是名词art, 空处应填入tradition的形容词形式 traditional"传统的"作定语。故填traditional。
59. All the works at the fair were made by university students. The students came up with many really interesting and (create)ideas.
【答案】creative
【解析】【分析】句意:所有在展览会上的作品都是由大学生制作的。学生们想出了许多非常有趣和有创意的想法。create创造,动词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰名词"ideas",需用形容词作定语,creative"创造性的"符合题意。故填creative。
60. When you do your homework you need to write . (careful)
【答案】carefully
【解析】【分析】句意:当你做作业的时候,你需要仔细地写。careful,仔细的,形容词,修饰动词write需用副词carefully,作状语,故填carefully。
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