专题03 阅读理解说明文（四川专用）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语一模试题分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解说明文 编者按：2025年四川省各地区高三一模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025年四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟一模） Reducing calorie intake may lead to a thinner body and a longer life. People usually think it is because of weight loss and metabolic (新陈代谢) changes from eating less. But a recent study on diet limits in laboratory animals challenges this traditional view. To study how diet works, researchers observed 960 mice. These mice were genetically different, like humans. Some mice had calorie-limited diets, some fasted (禁食的) regularly, and others ate as they liked. It was found that diets with restricted calories caused weight loss and metabolic changes. However, factors like immune health, genes, and the body’s ability to bear stress seem to better explain the link between fewer calories and a longer life. Gary Churchill, a mouse researcher, said, “Metabolic changes are important, but they don’t directly lead to a longer life.” Other scientists think this shows how complicated the body’s response to calorie reduction. Cutting calories by 40% made the mice live the longest on average. But fasting regularly and less strict calorie limits also increased lifespan (寿命). As is known, dieting mice have positive metabolic changes such as less body fat and lower blood sugar. However, the effects of diet limits on metabolism and lifespan didn’t always go together. Surprisingly, mice that lost the most weight on a low-calorie diet sometimes died younger than those that lost less. This means that more than just metabolism affects how the body reacts to fewer calories. Immune health and red-blood-cell function were important for a longer life. Also, the body’s overall ability to handle stress was important. The findings may change how scientists think about diet limits in humans. In a human trial of a low-calorie diet, researchers found that it reduced metabolic rates. But the mouse data suggests that metabolic measures may only show “health span”, not lifespan. Scientist Edmma notes that the study needs more evidence and warns not to directly use mouse results for humans, but he also admits that the study shows healthspan and lifespan are different. 1．How was the study conducted? A．By comparing mice with human beings. B．By developing the feeding habits of mice. C．By conducting experiment on different animals. D．By adopting the controlled experiment method. 2．What surprising result does the study reveal? A．All mice live longer under diet restriction. B．Dieting mice have positive metabolic changes. C．Regular fasting have little impact on the lifespan of mice. D．Mice with significant weight loss can have shorter lives. 3．What is scientist Edmma’s attitude toward the study? A．Cautious. B．Critical. C．Optimistic. D．Uncaring. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Metabolism: The Key to a Longer Life B．Less Food, Longer Life: The Simple Solution C．Diet and Lifespan: It’s More than Metabolism D．Calorie Restriction: Weight Loss and Metabolic Change （二） （2025年达州市一模） Previous studies have demonstrated that contact with nature benefits mental well-being, especially for those who live in cities. For example, the risk of developing the two most universal mental disorders in the world, depression and anxiety, is 71% lower in urban citizens who live near green spaces. Most of these studies, however, haven’t considered the extent to which these benefits depend on natural diversity. To address this gap in research, my colleagues and I examined whether environments with a wealth of natural features, such as trees, plants, waterways, and wildlife, would bring greater mental health benefits. Between April 2018 and September 2023, we gathered data through the Urban Mind app, which measures the users’ experience of urban and rural living. Nearly 2,000 people submitted 41, 000 assessments of their environment and mental well-being throughout the day. We found that green spaces with high natural diversity have more mental health benefits than those with low natural diversity, which suggests the benefits of nature for mental well-being can be maximized by protecting and promoting biodiversity in our natural environments. This means moving away from heavily managed pockets of greenery, like landscaped gardens and parks of mown grass, towards spaces like wild grassland and waterways that provide a more attractive habitat for a range of plants and animals. A recent survey of 15, 000 households found that those who lived near natural areas rich in plants and bird species reported lower rates of mental health issues. In fact, benefits can be experienced through daily brief incidental (偶然的) encounters with biodiverse nature. Biodiverse nature provides more stimulation for the senses, which may improve concentration, reduce mental tiredness and restore memory. Also, people living in or near a natural space tend to spend more time exercising or socializing outdoors, both of which promote the release of mood-boosting hormones. The science, thus, is clear: Biodiversity is critical not only for the health of our planet, but also for human mental health. 1．What does the author intend to show by mentioning previous studies? A．The reason for their own study. B．The findings of their own study. C．The health benefits of nature. D．The problems with urban citizens. 2．Why should we move away from landscaped gardens and parks of mown grass? A．They are energy-consuming. B．They are of low biodiversity. C．They are doing damage to wildlife health. D．They are possibly home to natural threats. 3．How can biodiverse nature benefit our mental health according to the text? A．By maintaining our energy. B．By beautifying our environment. C．By encouraging outdoor activities. D．By reducing the necessity to socialize. 4．Which of the following might be the author’s opinion about biodiversity? A．It is beneficial to memory and tiredness. B．It is faced with human threats in many cities. C．It is mainly responsible for our good mental health. D．It is vital to the health of the earth and human beings. （三） （2025年泸州市一模） Welcome to our museum, and let's explore the marine animals from the mysterious huge squid (鱿鱼) to the pram bug. These creatures are stranger than fiction. Vampire squid Despite their ill name, vampire squids are relatively small, growing up to about 12 inches in length. They have a body with webbing between their arms, giving them a cloak-like appearance. How did this gentle, deep-sea creature earn the fearsome name? German biologist Carl Chun first described the vampire squid in 1903. He named it "vampire squid from hell." Hoodwinker sunfish Unlike the vampire squid, the hoodwinker sunfish is a newly discovered species. The fish was first identified in 2017. It's known to mainly inhabit cold waters off the coasts of New Zealand, Australia, Chile, Peru, and South Africa. Sunfish can weigh 2,000 pounds and vary significantly in appearance within the same species and change the structure as they grow. Gulper eel Despite its slim body, the gulper eel's mouth can suddenly expand like a soap bubble, allowing it to spoon up much larger prey. Its large mouth allows it to swallow prey (猎物) whole, adapting well to the shortage of food in the deep ocean. However, the Gulper eel is also known as the pelican eel because of its spoon-like feeding method. Pram bug Pram bugs, known as Phronima, inhabit the twilight zone of oceans worldwide, typically 200 to 1,000 meters below the surface. The mother pram bug uses her crab-like front claws to eat out the salp’s insides, inhabit its shell and lay her eggs inside. Once she exits, she powers the salp (海参) forward like a pram, hence the name. 1．Which of the following creatures sounds frightening? A．Vampire squid. B．Hoodwinker sunfish. C．Gulper eel. D．Pram bug. 2．What do we know about the hoodwinker sunfish? A．It maintains the same appearance. B．It usually swallows prey whole. C．It mainly lives in cold waters. D．It takes up shells as shelters. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Some fiction stories. B．Some ocean creatures. C．Some popular museums. D．Some new discoveries. （四） （2025年泸州市一模） A study has found that a man’s facial hair can significantly impact how he is perceived (感知) by others. The research, conducted by a team at McMaster University,revealed that clean-shaven men are considered up to three times more trustworthy than those with beards. In fact, a mere 13% of participants in the study viewed facial hair as a sign of trustworthiness. However, the researchers also discovered that facial hair influences perceived attractiveness as well. Individuals with facial hair were viewed as less attractive by another sex. Specifically, men with less facial hair were rated as the most attractive by women and were preferred for both short-term and long-term relationships. Additionally, the study suggests that females may prefer males who can grow a beard because it shows physical maturity. But they tend to dislike full beards as those are seen as signs of low levels of safety, which stands in line with previous research. Furthermore, the researchers found that an aggressive appearance is negatively connected with trustworthiness. To test this, they had participants play a series of economic games for real money. Some of the opponents' faces were digitally changed to appear either more or less wide. This is a known sign of aggression and trustworthiness. The results showed that participants were more likely to trust men with narrower faces than those with wider faces. Since beards can give the image of a wider jawline, this suggests that bearded men are perceived as less trustworthy. This is the first study to directly research the influence of facial hair on judgments of trustworthiness. The study's findings conclude that by simply growing a beard, men may be decreasing how trustworthy they are to others. While the sample size was relatively small, with only 21 university students participating, the researchers believe the results have important applications. They suggest that men seeking to appear more trustworthy, such as in professional or leadership roles, may benefit from maintaining a clean-shaven appearance. 1．Which aspect of facial hair does the research mainly center on? A．Its advantage. B．Its character. C．Its difference. D．Its influence. 2．How did the researchers carry out their test? A．They played with real money. B．They made use of some games. C．They analyzed economic situations. D．They replaced most opponents' faces. 3．What type of men can appeal to women most according to the passage? A．With full beards. B．With few beards. C．With clean-shaven faces. D．With wider jawlines. 4．Which of the following may the author most agree with? A．Leaders should enhance their professional standards. B．Researchers should do more studies on trustworthiness. C．Female secretaries should dress up for more trustworthiness. D．Male interviewees should pay close attention to their images. （五） （2025年绵阳市一模） The author of The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan, makes a glorious success of writing this non-fiction. The Backyard Bird Chronicles tightens the focus in describing and drawing a variety of birds that visit her yard in California. The book consists of journal entries from 2017 through 2022 that describe her observations of the behavior of golden crowned sparrows, Anna’s hummingbirds and other birds, with her drawings of them. The entire package is fascinating, all the more so because Tan fills the pages with questions about what she is seeing. One day, from inside her house, Tan noticed a finch flying back and forth just outside the glass door, while looking directly at her. One feeder was full of seeds, and the bird sat there but did not eat. Another feeder nearby, devoted to highly favored sunflower seeds, was empty. “Could this bird possibly be signaling that I should refill its favorite feeder?” Tan wondered. She did refill it, and the finch “immediately went to the feeder and ate and ate and ate.” When she began this project, Tan could recognize precisely three birds in her yard. Now, the count is 63 species. As a bird lover and observer, I deeply share her joy at this learning curve: In 2023, I counted 43 bird species in our little patch of land in southeastern Virginia. Tan’s playful humor mixes with complete anthropomorphism (拟人) at times: “I want tourist junk food!” declares a baby crow (乌鸦) she has drawn. This playful tone only brings extra warmth to a beautifully written and illustrated volume. This book offers reflections on ways that watching birds can renew our joy in nature, and maybe even transform our lives. 1．What form is the book The Backyard Bird Chronicles written in? A．Diaries. B．Novels. C．Poems. D．Questionnaires. 2．Why does the author mention Tan’s observation of a finch? A．To praise Tan’s writing ability. B．To urge the protection of the bird. C．To stress the bird’s preference. D．To show Tan’s curiosity about birds. 3．What does the underlined phrase “this learning curve” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The approach Tan adopted to study bird species. B．The progress Tan made in identifying bird species. C．The joy shared by Tan and the author in bird counting. D．The contrast between Tan and the author in bird counting. 4．What does the author think of Tan’s book? A．Pleasant and direct. B．Fresh and beautiful. C．Warm and humorous. D．Glorious and precise. （六） （2025年绵阳市一模） Imagine you’re cooking potatoes for breakfast. First, you’d remove the potatoes from their plastic bag. Then, you might chop them on a plastic cutting board. Next, you’d probably cook them in a nonstick pan. All the removing, chopping and overheating of nonstick pans can add 2.3 million microplastics to your food. Besides food, the air and water in your home is full of microplastics. Smaller than a grain of salt, we interact with them more than we might realize. Humans breathe in about 22,000,000 microplastics annually. As a result, microplastics have been detected in our blood and lungs. We’re only just beginning to understand the effect of microplastics on human health — but research suggests we should concern more. A groundbreaking new study shows how the presence of microplastics in arteries (动脉血管) is linked to a greater risk of heart attack and death. When microplastics build up in arteries, the thicker blood vessel (血管) walls reduce blood flow to parts of the body. This study will inspire more research into what other organs plastic may be damaging, such as the brain, or stomach. Microplastics may be inescapable, but with simple swaps and fixes, you can reduce the amount of microplastics you encounter in your own home. Carry your own reusable bags and avoid buying food that comes in much plastic packaging. When heating food, use stainless steel instead of nonstick pans. Another way to limit your exposure is to filter (过滤) your tap water to reduce plastic fibers in the tap water. Ultimately, plastic manufacturers and the companies that sell their products are responsible for the high volume of plastic waste in our environments, and significantly reducing that plastic — and the microplastics that come with it — will have to be at the policy level nationwide and worldwide. 1．What does the author try to convey by telling the cooking story? A．Microplastics directly lead to diseases. B．Nonstick pans are free of microplastics. C．We consumed microplastics unknowingly. D．Cooking is to blame for making microplastics. 2．How do microplastics affect our body according to the new study? A．By damaging our brain. B．By slowing blood flow. C．By thickening our lungs. D．By causing stomachache. 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Tips for people to cut microplastics. B．Proof of microplastics in our homes. C．Presence of microplastics in packaging. D．Exposure to microplastics via tap water. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Plastic waste comes from microplastics on earth. B．The amount of plastic waste is significantly large. C．Relevant regulations are vital to contain plastic use. D．Plastic makers and buyers answer for plastic waste. （七） （2025年内江市一模） Parenting Northern Bald Ibises is a hard job. For the past six months, biologists Barbara Steininger and Helena Wehner have spent every day hand-feeding and raising dozens of these endangered chicks. They couldn’t pass their fostering (喂养的) duties off on anyone else during that time — the immature birds needed to imprint on them and them alone. Steininger and Wehner then took to the skies to guide their young charges on the birds’ first migration (迁徙) for their inability to do that. In mid-August they climbed onboard a microlight aircraft in Rosegg, Austria, to start their approximately 2,800-kilometer journey, which ended on October 3 at a wintering site in Andalusia, Spain. There the two foster parents said their final goodbye to the birds that they helped raise. “At the end, you have to release them in the wintering site and accept that they are now independent and don’t need you anymore,” says Johannes Fritz, who leads the team reintroducing Northern Bald Ibises to the wild in Europe and has been aviating the microlight aircraft on these guided migrations since 2004. This method, called human-led migration, is both resource- and time-intensive, but for the Bald Ibises, it appears to be working. The process starts in the spring with foster parents who hand-feed chicks taken from captive-bred populations. Then, come late summer, the conservation team sets out on its route. As the aircraft takes off, the foster parents call out in German for the birds to follow, shouting “Komm, komm!” through a loudspeaker. Once in the air, the birds will sometimes fly close to the aircraft and greet the foster parents by moving their bill up and down and calling out. After the foster parents greet them back, they take their position in the formation. After four or five hours of flying, they land back on the ground. At least a dozen other crew members will have driven ahead to set up camp: a temporary cage for the birds and tents for the team members. The next day, they do it all over again. 1．Why did Steininger and Wehner do the fostering job themselves? A．They could only imprint on the chicks. B．It was dangerous to involve other people. C．The chicks were too young to be left alone. D．They wanted to build a strong bond with the chicks. 2．What is the purpose of the microlight aircraft? A．To pilot the birds during their migration. B．To shelter the birds from the cold weather. C．To transport the chicks to the wintering site. D．To provide food for the birds during the journey. 3．Which word best describes the human-led migration? A．Demanding. B．Debatable. C．Effortless. D．Impractical. 4．What is the desired result of the human-led migration? A．The birds become dependent on caretakers. B．The Bald Ibises lose their ability to migrate. C．The chicks have a higher chance of survival. D．The conservation team closely monitor the birds. （八） （2025年内江市一模） As social creatures, humans can predict one another’s emotions and mental states from a range of sources: watching their actions, listening to their conversations, learning from their past behaviors, and so on. Cognitive (认知的) researchers call this the “Theory of Mind,” or ToM. Although it excels in many areas, artificial intelligence doesn’t match humans in this regard—at least not yet, according to a research team including Tianmin Shu, an assistant professor of computer science at the Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering. To explore whether AI models can understand humans by using information from multiple sources, Shu and his team created the first standardized dataset that reflects the true complexities of the reasoning tasks encountered by real-world AI systems. The team’s test set includes 134 videos and text descriptions of people looking for common objects in a household environment. The researchers tested both humans and state-of-the-art large language and multimodal models on their ability to predict which objects the people in the videos wanted to find and where they believed they’d find them. The team found that humans became better at understanding others’ intentions when they tapped into varied sources of information. In contrast, even the most advanced AI models — such as OpenAI’s GPT-4V — struggled with such tasks, often confusing what was actually happening with what a person believed was happening and having difficulty tracking changes in people’s thoughts over time. Based on these findings, Shu’s team created their own model. Their approach first translates the video and text inputs into a type of signal it can understand, capturing the physical scene and the actions of the person within it. Then, instead of directly mapping these to the person’s beliefs and goals, the model uses a combination of Bayesian inverse planning — a cognitive method originally designed for visual data — and smaller language models fine-tuned on human activity data to predict the most likely possible actions. 1．What is ToM described in the passage? A．Methods for AI to predict human actions. B．A standardized dataset used to test AI models. C．A cognitive approach to understanding visual data. D．Humans’ ability to infer moods and psychological conditions. 2．Which can replace the underlined part in paragraph 5? A．Looked for. B．Drew upon. C．Took apart. D．Left alone. 3．What may be talked about following the last paragraph? A．The method of translating videos and texts. B．The combination of intentions and activities. C．The outcome of the model of Shu’s team. D．The application of Bayesian inverse planning. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Theory of Mind in Artificial Intelligence B．Human-AI Similarities in Theory of Mind C．Development of Shu’s Team’s New Model D．AI’s Drawback in Grasping Human Intentions （九） （2025年宜宾市一模） Sugar does fire up dopamine (多巴胺) and light up your brain’s pleasure systems, but too much daily candy consumption may be as dangerous as a drug problem in humans. Our bodies need energy to function, so it’s natural that our bodies would desire it in sugar form, says Vera Tarman, MD．Nutritious fruits and vegetables contain sugar, but this small amount is totally healthy. The problem is, processed foods contain concentrated (浓缩的) amounts of that natural sweetener. “You’re looking at something that has a high amount of a substance that will overpower what we normally should eat,” says Dr. Tarman “It becomes more than pleasurable—it becomes addictive.” It’s like how South Americans chewed coca plant leaves for centuries, but the plant wasn’t a problem until its concentrated version, cocaine, hit the market, she says. “When your sweet tooth goes from a desire to an obsession, you might be hooked on sugar.” says Dr. Tarman. “The signs are similar to a drug addiction,” she says, “thinking about food more than anything else, feeling unable to stop even when you’re stuffed, or hiding food so no-one knows you have it.” Sugar can also become a problem when you’re just eating it out of habit, says registered nutritionist Samasa Melton. “People don’t feel like they’ve finished eating until they’ve had a dessert.” All that sugar can cause major health problems, like heart problems, headaches, bloating and even energy crashes. Cutting added sugar might sound impossible and, quite frankly, miserable, but after a few weeks, your taste buds will adjust, and the sweet things you love now won’t be as tasty. “If you don’t have apple juice, the apple tastes great,” Melton says. “Freedom testes great-freedom from obsession.” 1．Why does Dr. Tarman mention “coca plant leaves” in paragraph 2? A．To introduce a tradition in South America. B．To illustrate too much sugar is a problem. C．To explain what concentrated sugar is. D．To prove natural food is healthier. 2．What does the underlined phrase “be hooked on” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Be addicted to. B．Be focused on. C．Be lacking in. D．Be free from. 3．Which of the following will Melton agree with? A．Sweetener should be forbidden. B．Sugar-free diet needs promoting. C．Sugar addiction can be corrected. D．A meal without dessert is incomplete. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Sugar: A New Drug. B．Sugar: Light You Up. C．Sugar: Less Is Better. D．Sugar: A Health Killer. （十） （2025年宜宾市一模） A newly-developed Android phone app is able to remotely estimate pressure in a person’s arteries (动脉) as there heart squeezes, providing potentially life-saving details on individual health without the need for specialized equipment. Rather than having to take a trip to the doctor or use a dedicated device, individuals might one day be able to make use of the phone in their pocket, making the innovation particularly important in underserved populations where access to medical care is limited. Developed by researchers from the University of Pittsburgh, the app works by taking a variety of readings from the accelerometer, camera, and touch sensors built into modern smartphones. What makes the app smart is the way it gets users to change the position of their hands to change blood flow, and apply a number of instructed touches to the phone screen to get the right pulse pressure readings.“Because of gravity, there’s a pressure change in your thumb when you raise your hands up above your heart, and using the phone’s accelerometer, you’re able to convert that into the relative change in pressure,” says biomedical engineer Vishaal Dhamotharan from the University of Pittsburgh. In tests on 24 people and cross-referencing with a larger database, the app method detected pulse pressure to a reasonably accurate level, within around 8 mm HG. As development continues, the app accuracy level will most likely improve on that even further. The researchers admit they’ll need to work on “changing the mindset” around using pulse pressure as a blood pressure indicator — but it’s the best solution we’ve seen yet for taking this crucial reading using a normal smartphone. “Development of a portable blood pressure measurement device that does not require any external calibration (外部校准) is unrealistic — such a device currently does not exist,” says biomedical engineer Sanjeev Shroff, from the University of Pittsburgh. “The research work reported in this publication is an important step in the right direction.” 1．Why is the newly-developed phone app particularly important? A．It’s much easier to access. B．It’s money-saving. C．It’s a specialized facility. D．It’s more accurate. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about the app? A．The special function of it. B．The working principle of it. C．The purpose of developing it. D．The inspiration for developing it. 3．What can we infer about the future of the app in smartphones? A．It will have a bright prospect. B．It will come into the market soon. C．It will be built in every smartphone. D．It will replace the traditional equipment. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To test an app. B．To improve an app. C．To advertise an app. D．To introduce an app. （十一） （2025年自贡市一模） At the University of Chicago, some students lined up for a special experience: the opportunity to borrow an original work of art from the school’s Smart Museum of Art. The program Art To Live With began nearly 70 years ago, in 1958. It was the brainchild of Joseph R. Shapiro, a famous art collector in Chicago, who thought students would come to appreciate art if they could live with it. So, he gave the university fifty works, mostly by European and American artists, to start a lending program open to all students. It was a very popular thing from the start, and within four years, the collection grew to more than 500 pieces. In 2017, the Smart Museum of Art took over running the program, providing an online and in-person preview of the works available from the collection. Students have about one week to go through the collection and identify their favorites among the color lithographs by masters such as Joan Miró, Marc Chagall and Yves Tanguy, representative prints by Gordon Parks and Jenny, Holzer, and even a couple of Picassos. Then they lined up outside the Smart Museum, waiting to bring their selections home to hang on dorm room walls. Rafaela Grieco-Freeman, in her second year of studying mathematics and economics, is a huge art enthusiast and had her eye on a work by one of the old masters, Francisco de Goya. When she first heard about the program as a freshman, her immediate reaction was disbelief. She said, “It’s astonishing to be a part of this and have these like priceless, you know works of art and also like pieces of history… just in a dorm room!” Vanja Malloy, the Smart’s Director, says her hope is that it provides students with a more in-depth view of art and life. “It encourages them to look closely at an artwork, to learn more about it, to have a curiosity that then develops throughout their lives,” Malloy explains. 1．What do we know about Joseph R. Shapiro? A．S He is in charge of an art museum. B．He is the initiator of Art To Live With. C．He favored European and American artists most. D．He gave away his own creations to the university. 2．How can students get information about works available from Smart Museum of Art? A．By surfing the Internet. B．By consulting masters of art. C．By discussing with classmates. D．By queuing up outside the museum. 3．Which aspect of the program surprised Rafaela Grieco-Freeman at first? A．Long history. B．Nice environment. C．Hardworking staff. D．Invaluable collections. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Shape Career Prospects B．Rescue Traditional Museums C．Borrow Original Art for Dorms D．Transform Educational Systems （十二） （2025年自贡市一模） “If you want to make something smarter, teach it to play,” remarks a pioneering oceanographer (海洋学家) in Richard Powers’ Playground. Evelyne Beaulieu is one of several brilliant characters in the novel who eagerly approach their work every day with the excitement of “a baby in Toyland.” During decades exploring the ocean floor and playing “hide-and-seek with octopuses and tag with pygmy seahorses,” the Montreal-born diver feels as if she’s been “set loose in the greatest playground any child had ever seen.” But she is also concerned by the changes she’s witnessed over the years — including the declining reefs and other species. Where The Overstory, Powers’ 2019 Pulitzer Prize-winner, addressed the destruction of forests, Playground focuses on the threats to oceans, which cover 71% of Earth’s surface and house 99% of the world’s biosphere. Powers makes clear that while we humans have made this planet our amusement park, we have not always taken proper care of our toys. Throughout a career that spans 40 years and 14 novels, Powers has heightened our awareness by creating smart, sympathetic （but by no means perfect） characters, many of them scientists and techies who deal with these serious issues. In Playground, he dives into several relationships in which lifelong friends and lovers struggle movingly to weather the challenges of diverse and conflicting priorities. Playground joins a welcome increase in recent fiction featuring female scientists, including not just Powers’ Overstory but Martin MacInnes’ In Ascension, Bonnie Garmus’ Lessons in Chemistry, and Francesca Segal’s Welcome to Glorious Tuga, which is also set on a remote island. But the greatest takeaway from the novel, which is filled with love for humanity and the planet, is that while change is unavoidable, the easily destroyed wonders of life — underwater and on land — are worth enjoying and saving. 1．How does Beaulieu feel about her work? A．Depressed. B．Puzzled. C．Challenged. D．Entertained. 2．What does the phrase “our toys” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to? A．Human children. B．Amusement parks. C．Ocean life. D．Diving suits. 3．What can be learned about Playground from the last paragraph? A．It is written by a female scientist. B．It remains the top-selling fiction for the time being. C．It has a setting similar to Welcome to Glorious Tuga. D．It proves that the extinction of some species is unavoidable. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To clarify ways to enjoy nature wonders. B．To honor representative environmentalists. C．To give a brief account of threats to the ocean. D．To introduce a book on environmental conservation. （十三） （2025年自贡市一模） As the war in Gaza dragged on for a hundred days, I found it more difficult to cope with the news. Struggling to hold back tears after reading another story of human tragedy, I turned to ChatGPT. The AI offered practical advice: limit media exposure, focus on the positive, and practice self-care. While I acknowledged the value of these suggestions, I didn’t feel any better. Millions of people are now turning to chatbots like ChatGPT for mental health support, which is convenient and inexpensive. Some experts praise this development, arguing that AI, free from embarrassment and burnout, can express empathy (共情) more openly and tirelessly than humans. However, others question whether AI can truly experience empathy and worry about the consequences of seeking emotional support from machines that only pretend to care. AI-powered chatbots have advanced greatly in reading human emotions, powered by large language models (LLMs ) that predict which words are most likely to appear together based on training data. However, AI still falls short in other criteria for empathy. It lacks the natural awareness and understanding of an individual and their situation. Consider someone who cries while telling a doctor she is pregnant. If we know her history of trying for years to have a baby, we can imagine that her tears mean something different than, say, if she didn’t want to have kids. Moreover, AI can’t feel for the person they’re interacting with. “We have no reason to think AI can experience empathy,” says bioethicist Jodi Halpern. “It can produce language that sounds like empathy, but it doesn’t have empathy.” Also, empathy is a two-way process, and its effectiveness depends on how we perceive and emotionally connect to the other person or machine. When people know they’re interacting with AI, they feel less supported and understood. Therefore, as we turn to AI empathy more and more we should be aware of its limitations and not neglect the importance of developing genuine human connections. 1．Why did the author turn to ChatGPT after learning the news about Gaza? A．To test the function of AI. B．To seek for emotional support. C．To reduce his media exposure. D．To find ways to cease the war. 2．What do tears imply for the pregnant woman in paragraph 3? A．Excitement. B．Depression. C．Confusion. D．Unwillingness. 3．What is Halpern’s opinion about AI? A．It lacks real empathy. B．It needs to be regulated. C．It offers practical advice. D．It is welcomed by healthy workers. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Machine learning. B．Artificial kindness. C．Disease treatment. D．Interpersonal relationship. （十四） （2025年成都市成都实验外国语学校教育集团一模） Culture, by which scientists mean that animals learn from each other to overcome problems, seems to be increasingly common across the animal kingdom. Alice Bridges, a behavioral ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England, wondered whether insects like bumblebees might have a capacity for it, too. To study culture in bumblebees in the lab, she built a puzzle box out of Petri dishes (培养皿) with a reward of super sweet sugar water at the bottom of it. Bridges cut a small hole in the lid to create a spinning top that can be turned by pushing the red dot clockwise or the blue dot counter-clockwise. Then, she trained some bees to push the red dot to get the sugar water and others to push the blue dot. Next, Bridges put these trained bees into different colonies (群体) along with the puzzle boxes. It wasn’t all fun and games, however, and the experiment ultimately played itself out. In colonies where the tutor bee had originally learned to push the red dot, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red dot. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push the blue dot, their fellow bees tended to do the same. In the control colonies where there were no tutors, the bees sometimes learned how to open the boxes, but never as efficiently or reliably. The conclusion is that bumblebees can pass on certain behaviors. However, because bumblebee colonies collapse before winter, there’s little chance a tradition could get passed down from generation to generation. So, Bridges is planning future work on insects whose colonies last for years, like stingless bees. That truth, summarizes Whiten, a cognitive zoologist at the University of St Andrews in Scotland, is that all we have discovered about animal culture means that human culture, once thought unique, did not emerge ‘out of the blue’ but has obviously built on deep evolutionary foundations.” 1．How was Alice Bridges’ study conducted? A．By analyzing the data. B．By observing the tutor bees. C．By studying the previous experiment. D．By comparing the results in different groups. 2．What does the phrase “play itself out” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Come to an end. B．Cause confusion. C．Reach a conclusion. D．Become entertaining. 3．Why is Alice Bridges turning to insects like stingless bees for future work? A．Because they may pass down traditions across generations. B．Because they may have more complex cultural behaviors. C．Because they may be easier to observe in the lab. D．Because they may learn more efficiently. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Alice Bridges discovered a new species of bees. B．Animals’ learning behaviors suggest a form of culture. C．Bumblebees have the ability to solve complex puzzles. D．Culture on evolutionary foundations is unique to human. （十五） （2025年德阳中学一模） The mission is simple. Arrive on foreign soil, fit in and wait. Then, when the time is right, emerge from the shadows and take over. This procedure, familiar from spy fiction as the preserve of sleeper agents, is also the strategy of certain invasive plant species. Invasive species that stay put, known as sleeper species, are not hard-wired to do so. Their natural tendency to expand is, instead, held back by some external factor. With the climate rapidly changing, Bethany Bradley at the University of Massachusetts wondered whether alterations in temperature and rainfall had the potential to activate some sleeper species. As she reports in a paper in Biological Inuvasions, the answer is a definitive yes. Dr Bradley and her team came to their conclusions by studying 1,795 plant species in north-eastern America identifiable as foreign but not yet locally listed as invasive. Of these, 169 were unquestionably demonstrating invasive behaviour in other parts of the world, and causing damage to their environment. That suggested they had the capacity to cause similar damage in America too. To determine whether the conditions coming to the region would activate any of the set 169, the researchers first identified the conditions under which these species would thrive (旺盛). A number of the plants on their list were held back by the cold winters that are less and less common in the region. They also found that some other species required more rainfall than is typical. According to the team’s findings, climate change is on track to awaken 18 sleeper species that could cause serious environmental and economic problems. Dr Bradley estimates that they will start to make themselves felt between 2040 and 2060 if something is not done soon. The most practical course of action, in her view, is to seek these sleeper species out before they are able to spread. Removing them today may be expensive, but it will be far cheaper than trying to weed them out tomorrow. 1．What strategy do sleeper species employ? A．Rapidly expanding in new environments. B．Patiently waiting for human intervention. C．Remaining inactive until conditions are favorable. D．Avoiding detection by staying in shadowy-corners. 2．What does the underlined word “hard-wired” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Slowly adapted. B．Solidly supported. C．Externally influenced. D．Naturally programmed. 3．What did researchers aim to uncover by focusing on the 169 species? A．The potential risks they could pose in the future. B．Their invasive behavior in other parts of the world. C．The reasons why they failed to survive in America. D．Possible ways to make them less common in America. 4．What’s Dr Bradley’s suggestion for dealing with sleeper species? A．Let nature take its course. B．Prevention is better than cure. C．Cutting budgets is a top priority. D．Delay action until it’s necessary. （十六） （2025年攀枝花市一模） As night falls on the streets of Shanghai, Mikiko Chen can often be found pacing up and down through the winding narrow streets of the city hunting for discarded items. “I pick up all sorts of things, chairs, wine boxes, bowls and cups... it’s like treasure hunting for me.” she says. The 27-year-old digital market er is among the first adopters of “stooping” in China, a practice that refers to picking up discarded furniture and other goods on the streets for re- use. She says the concept “stooping” was inspired by New Yorkers who often leave unwanted things on the “stoops” — or doorsteps — leading up to the entrances of buildings. “The core concept of stooping for me is to take full advantage of things,” Ms. Chen says. “It can help you to save money, but it’s not just about reducing consumption.” “It’s wasteful to throw away something that’s still usable; it’s better to share it with others who need it.” Ms. Chen says she was among the first to use the hashtag (话题标签) stooping on REDnote, a popular social networking platform in China. “I initially started with posting items that people no longer used and wanted to throw away or exchange… gradually I’ m receiving hundreds of messages each day.” she says. Since then, the trend has become increasingly popular. Ms. Chen says she is “very surprised” the concept has become a hit on social media, as older generations often stigmatize picking up things from the street or using second hand goods. “People like my mum consider stooping as ‘rubbish picking’ and ‘scavenging’.” she says. “She thinks that people will look down on you for doing this.” For Nan Zheng, art environmentalist and advocate, stooping is more than the physical act of picking up things from the streets. He created an app called “Grecycle” where people can give away or take unwanted items for free. “Gradually we can let people know this can also be about charity and helping others.” Mr. Nan says. 1．What can we learn about Mikiko Chen from Paragraphs 2 and 3? A．She intends to make the most of throwaway items. B．She just wants to lower her consumption. C．She drew inspiration from New Yorkers. D．She is looking for valuable things. 2．Why did Mikiko Chen use the hashtag “stooping” on REDnote? A．To collect varieties of messages. B．To become an Internet celebrity quickly. C．To share something still usable with others. D．To throw away unwanted things on the“stoops”. 3．Which is closest in meaning to “stigmatize” in Paragraph 5? A．Be ashamed of. B．Be good at. C．Be accustomed to. D．Be agreeable to. 4．What is Nan Zheng’s purpose of creating the app “Grecycle” ? A．Getting unwanted items for free on “Grecycle”. B．Recycling discarded things from the streets. C．Exchanging items through “Grecycle”. D．Raising people’s awareness of charity. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解说明文 编者按：2025年四川省各地区高三一模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025年四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟一模） Reducing calorie intake may lead to a thinner body and a longer life. People usually think it is because of weight loss and metabolic (新陈代谢) changes from eating less. But a recent study on diet limits in laboratory animals challenges this traditional view. To study how diet works, researchers observed 960 mice. These mice were genetically different, like humans. Some mice had calorie-limited diets, some fasted (禁食的) regularly, and others ate as they liked. It was found that diets with restricted calories caused weight loss and metabolic changes. However, factors like immune health, genes, and the body’s ability to bear stress seem to better explain the link between fewer calories and a longer life. Gary Churchill, a mouse researcher, said, “Metabolic changes are important, but they don’t directly lead to a longer life.” Other scientists think this shows how complicated the body’s response to calorie reduction. Cutting calories by 40% made the mice live the longest on average. But fasting regularly and less strict calorie limits also increased lifespan (寿命). As is known, dieting mice have positive metabolic changes such as less body fat and lower blood sugar. However, the effects of diet limits on metabolism and lifespan didn’t always go together. Surprisingly, mice that lost the most weight on a low-calorie diet sometimes died younger than those that lost less. This means that more than just metabolism affects how the body reacts to fewer calories. Immune health and red-blood-cell function were important for a longer life. Also, the body’s overall ability to handle stress was important. The findings may change how scientists think about diet limits in humans. In a human trial of a low-calorie diet, researchers found that it reduced metabolic rates. But the mouse data suggests that metabolic measures may only show “health span”, not lifespan. Scientist Edmma notes that the study needs more evidence and warns not to directly use mouse results for humans, but he also admits that the study shows healthspan and lifespan are different. 1．How was the study conducted? A．By comparing mice with human beings. B．By developing the feeding habits of mice. C．By conducting experiment on different animals. D．By adopting the controlled experiment method. 2．What surprising result does the study reveal? A．All mice live longer under diet restriction. B．Dieting mice have positive metabolic changes. C．Regular fasting have little impact on the lifespan of mice. D．Mice with significant weight loss can have shorter lives. 3．What is scientist Edmma’s attitude toward the study? A．Cautious. B．Critical. C．Optimistic. D．Uncaring. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Metabolism: The Key to a Longer Life B．Less Food, Longer Life: The Simple Solution C．Diet and Lifespan: It’s More than Metabolism D．Calorie Restriction: Weight Loss and Metabolic Change 参考答案 1．D 2．D 34．A 4．C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项实验室动物饮食限制的研究发现，低卡路里摄入虽能引起体重减轻和代谢变化，但免疫健康、基因和身体承受压力的能力等因素对长寿的影响更为关键，这挑战了传统观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“These mice were genetically different, like humans. Some mice had calorie-limited diets, some fasted (禁食的) regularly, and others ate as they liked. (这些老鼠的基因不同，就像人类一样。一些老鼠限制卡路里的饮食，一些经常禁食，而另一些则随心所欲地吃)”可知，研究是通过控制实验方法进行的，即观察不同饮食限制下的老鼠。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Surprisingly, mice that lost the most weight on a low-calorie diet sometimes died younger than those that lost less. (令人惊讶的是，通过低热量饮食减肥最多的老鼠有时比减肥较少的老鼠死得更早)”可知，一个令人惊讶的结果是，体重减轻最多的老鼠寿命可能更短。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Scientist Edmma notes that the study needs more evidence and warns not to directly use mouse results for humans, but he also admits that the study shows healthspan and lifespan are different. (科学家Edmma指出，这项研究需要更多的证据，并警告不要直接将小鼠的结果用于人类，但他也承认，这项研究表明健康寿命和寿命是不同的)”可知，Edmma认为需要更多的证据来支撑该研究，不能直接将研究结果从小鼠推及人类。由此推知，他对该研究持谨慎态度。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Reducing calorie intake may lead to a thinner body and a longer life. People usually think it is because of weight loss and metabolic (新陈代谢) changes from eating less. But a recent study on diet limits in laboratory animals challenges this traditional view. (减少卡路里的摄入可以使身体更瘦，寿命更长。人们通常认为这是因为减肥和少吃引起的代谢变化。但最近一项关于实验室动物饮食限制的研究挑战了这种传统观点)”和第二段中“It was found that diets with restricted calories caused weight loss and metabolic changes. However, factors like immune health, genes, and the body’s ability to bear stress seem to better explain the link between fewer calories and a longer life. (研究发现，限制卡路里的饮食会导致体重减轻和代谢变化。然而，免疫健康、基因和身体承受压力的能力等因素似乎能更好地解释低卡路里和长寿之间的联系)”可知，文章呈现了一项实验室动物饮食限制的研究，该研究发现低卡路里摄入虽能引起体重减轻和代谢变化，但免疫健康、基因和身体承受压力的能力等因素对长寿的影响更为关键，挑战了传统观点。由此可知，C项“饮食与寿命：不仅仅是新陈代谢”最准确地概括了文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 （二） （2025年达州市一模） Previous studies have demonstrated that contact with nature benefits mental well-being, especially for those who live in cities. For example, the risk of developing the two most universal mental disorders in the world, depression and anxiety, is 71% lower in urban citizens who live near green spaces. Most of these studies, however, haven’t considered the extent to which these benefits depend on natural diversity. To address this gap in research, my colleagues and I examined whether environments with a wealth of natural features, such as trees, plants, waterways, and wildlife, would bring greater mental health benefits. Between April 2018 and September 2023, we gathered data through the Urban Mind app, which measures the users’ experience of urban and rural living. Nearly 2,000 people submitted 41, 000 assessments of their environment and mental well-being throughout the day. We found that green spaces with high natural diversity have more mental health benefits than those with low natural diversity, which suggests the benefits of nature for mental well-being can be maximized by protecting and promoting biodiversity in our natural environments. This means moving away from heavily managed pockets of greenery, like landscaped gardens and parks of mown grass, towards spaces like wild grassland and waterways that provide a more attractive habitat for a range of plants and animals. A recent survey of 15, 000 households found that those who lived near natural areas rich in plants and bird species reported lower rates of mental health issues. In fact, benefits can be experienced through daily brief incidental (偶然的) encounters with biodiverse nature. Biodiverse nature provides more stimulation for the senses, which may improve concentration, reduce mental tiredness and restore memory. Also, people living in or near a natural space tend to spend more time exercising or socializing outdoors, both of which promote the release of mood-boosting hormones. The science, thus, is clear: Biodiversity is critical not only for the health of our planet, but also for human mental health. 1．What does the author intend to show by mentioning previous studies? A．The reason for their own study. B．The findings of their own study. C．The health benefits of nature. D．The problems with urban citizens. 2．Why should we move away from landscaped gardens and parks of mown grass? A．They are energy-consuming. B．They are of low biodiversity. C．They are doing damage to wildlife health. D．They are possibly home to natural threats. 3．How can biodiverse nature benefit our mental health according to the text? A．By maintaining our energy. B．By beautifying our environment. C．By encouraging outdoor activities. D．By reducing the necessity to socialize. 4．Which of the following might be the author’s opinion about biodiversity? A．It is beneficial to memory and tiredness. B．It is faced with human threats in many cities. C．It is mainly responsible for our good mental health. D．It is vital to the health of the earth and human beings.. 参考答案 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是自然多样性对精神健康的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Most of these studies, however, haven’t considered the extent to which these benefits depend on natural diversity.(然而，这些研究中的大多数都没有考虑到这些好处在多大程度上取决于自然多样性。)”和第二段“To address this gap in research, my colleagues and I examined whether environments with a wealth of natural features, such as trees, plants, waterways, and wildlife, would bring greater mental health benefits.(为了解决研究中的这一空白，我和我的同事们研究了具有丰富自然特征的环境，如树木、植物、水道和野生动物，是否会带来更大的心理健康益处。)”可知，作者提到以前的研究是想要说明自己研究的理由。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“We found that green spaces with high natural diversity have more mental health benefits than those with low natural diversity, which suggests the benefits of nature for mental well-being can be maximized by protecting and promoting biodiversity in our natural environments. This means moving away from heavily managed pockets of greenery, like landscaped gardens and parks of mown grass, towards spaces like wild grassland and waterways that provide a more attractive habitat for a range of plants and animals.(研究发现，自然多样性高的绿地比自然多样性低的绿地对心理健康的益处更大，这表明通过保护和促进自然环境的生物多样性，自然对心理健康的益处可以最大化。这意味着从精心管理的绿地，如景观花园和修剪过的草地公园，转向像野生草原和水道这样的空间，为各种动植物提供更有吸引力的栖息地。)”可知，我们要远离景观花园和修剪过的草地公园是因为它们的生物多样性低。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Also, people living in or near a natural space tend to spend more time exercising or socializing outdoors, both of which promote the release of mood-boosting hormones. The science, thus, is clear: Biodiversity is critical not only for the health of our planet, but also for human mental health.(此外，生活在自然环境中或附近的人往往会花更多的时间在户外锻炼或社交，这两种活动都会促进情绪提升激素的释放。因此，科学是明确的：生物多样性不仅对我们星球的健康至关重要，而且对人类的心理健康也至关重要。)”可知，生物多样性通过鼓励户外活动有益于我们的心理健康。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity is critical not only for the health of our planet, but also for human mental health.(生物多样性不仅对我们星球的健康至关重要，而且对人类的心理健康也至关重要。)”可知，作者对生物多样性的看法是它对地球和人类的健康至关重要。故选D。 （三） （2025年泸州市一模） Welcome to our museum, and let's explore the marine animals from the mysterious huge squid (鱿鱼) to the pram bug. These creatures are stranger than fiction. Vampire squid Despite their ill name, vampire squids are relatively small, growing up to about 12 inches in length. They have a body with webbing between their arms, giving them a cloak-like appearance. How did this gentle, deep-sea creature earn the fearsome name? German biologist Carl Chun first described the vampire squid in 1903. He named it "vampire squid from hell." Hoodwinker sunfish Unlike the vampire squid, the hoodwinker sunfish is a newly discovered species. The fish was first identified in 2017. It's known to mainly inhabit cold waters off the coasts of New Zealand, Australia, Chile, Peru, and South Africa. Sunfish can weigh 2,000 pounds and vary significantly in appearance within the same species and change the structure as they grow. Gulper eel Despite its slim body, the gulper eel's mouth can suddenly expand like a soap bubble, allowing it to spoon up much larger prey. Its large mouth allows it to swallow prey (猎物) whole, adapting well to the shortage of food in the deep ocean. However, the Gulper eel is also known as the pelican eel because of its spoon-like feeding method. Pram bug Pram bugs, known as Phronima, inhabit the twilight zone of oceans worldwide, typically 200 to 1,000 meters below the surface. The mother pram bug uses her crab-like front claws to eat out the salp’s insides, inhabit its shell and lay her eggs inside. Once she exits, she powers the salp (海参) forward like a pram, hence the name. 1．Which of the following creatures sounds frightening? A．Vampire squid. B．Hoodwinker sunfish. C．Gulper eel. D．Pram bug. 2．What do we know about the hoodwinker sunfish? A．It maintains the same appearance. B．It usually swallows prey whole. C．It mainly lives in cold waters. D．It takes up shells as shelters. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Some fiction stories. B．Some ocean creatures. C．Some popular museums. D．Some new discoveries. 参考答案 1．A 2．C 3．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种海洋生物，包括吸血鱿鱼、翻车鱼、吞噬鳗鱼以及鳕鱼。 1．细节理解题。根据Vampire squid中“Despite their ill name, vampire squids are relatively small, growing up to about 12 inches in length. They have a body with webbing between their arms, giving them a cloak-like appearance. How did this gentle, deep-sea creature earn the fearsome name? German biologist Carl Chun first described the vampire squid in 1903.( 尽管它们的名字不好，但吸血鱿鱼相对较小，长度可达12英寸左右。它们的手臂之间有织带，使它们看起来像斗篷一样。这种温和的深海生物是如何获得这个可怕的名字的？德国生物学家Carl Chun在1903年首次描述了吸血鱿鱼)”可知，吸血鱿鱼听起来很可怕。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据Hoodwinker sunfish中“It's known to mainly inhabit cold waters off the coasts of New Zealand, Australia, Chile, Peru, and South Africa.(众所周知，它主要栖息在新西兰、澳大利亚、智利、秘鲁和南非海岸的寒冷水域)”可知，翻车鱼主要生活在寒冷的水域。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Welcome to our museum, and let's explore the marine animals from the mysterious huge squid (鱿鱼) to the pram bug. These creatures are stranger than fiction.( 欢迎来到我们的博物馆，让我们一起探索从神秘的大鱿鱼到鳕鱼的海洋动物。这些生物比小说更奇怪)”可知，本文主要讲述了一些海洋生物。故选B项。 （四） （2025年泸州市一模） A study has found that a man’s facial hair can significantly impact how he is perceived (感知) by others. The research, conducted by a team at McMaster University,revealed that clean-shaven men are considered up to three times more trustworthy than those with beards. In fact, a mere 13% of participants in the study viewed facial hair as a sign of trustworthiness. However, the researchers also discovered that facial hair influences perceived attractiveness as well. Individuals with facial hair were viewed as less attractive by another sex. Specifically, men with less facial hair were rated as the most attractive by women and were preferred for both short-term and long-term relationships. Additionally, the study suggests that females may prefer males who can grow a beard because it shows physical maturity. But they tend to dislike full beards as those are seen as signs of low levels of safety, which stands in line with previous research. Furthermore, the researchers found that an aggressive appearance is negatively connected with trustworthiness. To test this, they had participants play a series of economic games for real money. Some of the opponents' faces were digitally changed to appear either more or less wide. This is a known sign of aggression and trustworthiness. The results showed that participants were more likely to trust men with narrower faces than those with wider faces. Since beards can give the image of a wider jawline, this suggests that bearded men are perceived as less trustworthy. This is the first study to directly research the influence of facial hair on judgments of trustworthiness. The study's findings conclude that by simply growing a beard, men may be decreasing how trustworthy they are to others. While the sample size was relatively small, with only 21 university students participating, the researchers believe the results have important applications. They suggest that men seeking to appear more trustworthy, such as in professional or leadership roles, may benefit from maintaining a clean-shaven appearance. 1．Which aspect of facial hair does the research mainly center on? A．Its advantage. B．Its character. C．Its difference. D．Its influence. 2．How did the researchers carry out their test? A．They played with real money. B．They made use of some games. C．They analyzed economic situations. D．They replaced most opponents' faces. 3．What type of men can appeal to women most according to the passage? A．With full beards. B．With few beards. C．With clean-shaven faces. D．With wider jawlines. 4．Which of the following may the author most agree with? A．Leaders should enhance their professional standards. B．Researchers should do more studies on trustworthiness. C．Female secretaries should dress up for more trustworthiness. D．Male interviewees should pay close attention to their images. 参考答案 1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，男性的面部毛发会显著影响他人对他的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A study has found that a man’s facial hair can significantly impact how he is perceived(感知) by others.(一项研究发现，男性的面部毛发会显著影响他人对他的看法)”可知，这项研究主要针对的是面部毛发的影响。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To test this, they had participants play a series of economic games for real money.(为了验证这一点，他们让参与者玩了一系列的经济游戏来换取真钱)”可知，研究人员利用了一些游戏来进行测试。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Specifically, men with less facial hair were rated as the most attractive by women and were preferred for both short-term and long-term relationships.(具体来说，面部毛发较少的男性被女性认为最有吸引力，在短期和长期关系中都更受青睐)”可知，胡子很少的男人最能吸引女人。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the sample size was relatively small, with only 21 university students participating, the researchers believe the results have important applications. They suggest that men seeking to appear more trustworthy, such as in professional or leadership roles, may benefit from maintaining a clean-shaven appearance.(虽然样本量相对较小，只有21名大学生参与，但研究人员认为，研究结果具有重要的应用价值。他们建议，想要显得更值得信赖的男性，比如在专业领域或领导岗位上，最好把脸刮得干干净净)”可推知，作者可能最同意的观点是男性受访者应密切注意自己的形象。故选D项。 （五） （2025年绵阳市一模） The author of The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan, makes a glorious success of writing this non-fiction. The Backyard Bird Chronicles tightens the focus in describing and drawing a variety of birds that visit her yard in California. The book consists of journal entries from 2017 through 2022 that describe her observations of the behavior of golden crowned sparrows, Anna’s hummingbirds and other birds, with her drawings of them. The entire package is fascinating, all the more so because Tan fills the pages with questions about what she is seeing. One day, from inside her house, Tan noticed a finch flying back and forth just outside the glass door, while looking directly at her. One feeder was full of seeds, and the bird sat there but did not eat. Another feeder nearby, devoted to highly favored sunflower seeds, was empty. “Could this bird possibly be signaling that I should refill its favorite feeder?” Tan wondered. She did refill it, and the finch “immediately went to the feeder and ate and ate and ate.” When she began this project, Tan could recognize precisely three birds in her yard. Now, the count is 63 species. As a bird lover and observer, I deeply share her joy at this learning curve: In 2023, I counted 43 bird species in our little patch of land in southeastern Virginia. Tan’s playful humor mixes with complete anthropomorphism (拟人) at times: “I want tourist junk food!” declares a baby crow (乌鸦) she has drawn. This playful tone only brings extra warmth to a beautifully written and illustrated volume. This book offers reflections on ways that watching birds can renew our joy in nature, and maybe even transform our lives. 1．What form is the book The Backyard Bird Chronicles written in? A．Diaries. B．Novels. C．Poems. D．Questionnaires. 2．Why does the author mention Tan’s observation of a finch? A．To praise Tan’s writing ability. B．To urge the protection of the bird. C．To stress the bird’s preference. D．To show Tan’s curiosity about birds. 3．What does the underlined phrase “this learning curve” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The approach Tan adopted to study bird species. B．The progress Tan made in identifying bird species. C．The joy shared by Tan and the author in bird counting. D．The contrast between Tan and the author in bird counting. 4．What does the author think of Tan’s book? A．Pleasant and direct. B．Fresh and beautiful. C．Warm and humorous. D．Glorious and precise. 参考答案 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作家谭恩美的作品《后院鸟类编年史》。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The book consists of journal entries from 2017 through 2022 that describe her observations of the behavior of golden crowned sparrows, Anna’s hummingbirds and other birds, with her drawings of them.(这本书包括2017年至2022年的日记记录，描述了她对金冠麻雀、安娜蜂鸟和其他鸟类行为的观察，并附有关于它们的图画。)”可知，这本书采用了日记的形式。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“One day, from inside her house, Tan noticed a finch flying back and forth just outside the glass door, while looking directly at her. One feeder was full of seeds, and the bird sat there but did not eat. Another feeder nearby, devoted to highly favored sunflower seeds, was empty. “Could this bird possibly be signaling that I should refill its favorite feeder?” Tan wondered. She did refill it, and the finch “immediately went to the feeder and ate and ate and ate.”(有一天，谭从家里看到一只雀在玻璃门外来回飞翔，直直地望着她。一只喂食器里装满了种子，这只鸟坐在那里，但不吃东西。附近的另一个喂食器是空的，专门喂食备受青睐的葵花籽。谭想知道：“这只鸟可能是在示意我应该给它最喜欢的喂食器补充食物吗？”。她确实重新装满了它，这只雀“立刻到喂食器前，吃了又吃。”)”可知，谭恩美详细描述了这只雀的行为，它示意谭恩美把自己喜欢的那个喂食器装满种子，然后就过去大吃特吃了，只有充满好奇的人才能观察这么细致，由此可推测出，作者描述谭恩美对这只雀的观察是想要表现她对鸟充满好奇。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“When she began this project, Tan could recognize precisely three birds in her yard. Now, the count is 63 species.(当她开始这个项目时，谭可以准确地认出院子里的三只鸟。现在，数量是63种。)”可知，谭恩美在自家院子里识别的鸟从3种慢慢上升到63种，再结合画线词所在句“As a bird lover and observer, I deeply share her joy at this learning curve: In 2023, I counted 43 bird species in our little patch of land in southeastern Virginia.(作为一名鸟类爱好者和观察者，我深深地分享了她对这条学习曲线的喜悦：2023年，我在弗吉尼亚州东南部的一小块土地上统计了43种鸟类。)”可知，“this learning curve”指的是上文讲述的谭恩美在识别鸟类方面取得的进步。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Tan’s playful humor mixes with complete anthropomorphismat times(谭的俏皮幽默与完全拟人化的时代混合在一起)”和“ This playful tone only brings extra warmth to a beautifully written and illustrated volume(这种俏皮的语气只会给一本优美的文字和插图带来额外的温暖)”可推知，作者认为谭恩美的这本书幽默且温暖。故选C。 （六） （2025年绵阳市一模） Imagine you’re cooking potatoes for breakfast. First, you’d remove the potatoes from their plastic bag. Then, you might chop them on a plastic cutting board. Next, you’d probably cook them in a nonstick pan. All the removing, chopping and overheating of nonstick pans can add 2.3 million microplastics to your food. Besides food, the air and water in your home is full of microplastics. Smaller than a grain of salt, we interact with them more than we might realize. Humans breathe in about 22,000,000 microplastics annually. As a result, microplastics have been detected in our blood and lungs. We’re only just beginning to understand the effect of microplastics on human health — but research suggests we should concern more. A groundbreaking new study shows how the presence of microplastics in arteries (动脉血管) is linked to a greater risk of heart attack and death. When microplastics build up in arteries, the thicker blood vessel (血管) walls reduce blood flow to parts of the body. This study will inspire more research into what other organs plastic may be damaging, such as the brain, or stomach. Microplastics may be inescapable, but with simple swaps and fixes, you can reduce the amount of microplastics you encounter in your own home. Carry your own reusable bags and avoid buying food that comes in much plastic packaging. When heating food, use stainless steel instead of nonstick pans. Another way to limit your exposure is to filter (过滤) your tap water to reduce plastic fibers in the tap water. Ultimately, plastic manufacturers and the companies that sell their products are responsible for the high volume of plastic waste in our environments, and significantly reducing that plastic — and the microplastics that come with it — will have to be at the policy level nationwide and worldwide. 1．What does the author try to convey by telling the cooking story? A．Microplastics directly lead to diseases. B．Nonstick pans are free of microplastics. C．We consumed microplastics unknowingly. D．Cooking is to blame for making microplastics. 2．How do microplastics affect our body according to the new study? A．By damaging our brain. B．By slowing blood flow. C．By thickening our lungs. D．By causing stomachache. 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Tips for people to cut microplastics. B．Proof of microplastics in our homes. C．Presence of microplastics in packaging. D．Exposure to microplastics via tap water. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Plastic waste comes from microplastics on earth. B．The amount of plastic waste is significantly large. C．Relevant regulations are vital to contain plastic use. D．Plastic makers and buyers answer for plastic waste. 参考答案 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了微塑料对人类健康的影响，包括其在食物、空气和水中的普遍存在，以及可能对人体器官如心脏造成的危害，并提出了一些减少微塑料暴露的建议。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Imagine you’re cooking potatoes for breakfast. First, you’d remove the potatoes from their plastic bag. Then, you might chop them on a plastic cutting board. Next, you’d probably cook them in a nonstick pan. All the removing, chopping and overheating of nonstick pans can add 2.3 million microplastics to your food.(想象一下你在早餐时煮土豆。首先，你会从塑料袋里拿出土豆。然后，你可能会在塑料砧板上切它们。接下来，你可能会在不粘锅里煮它们。所有去除、切割和加热不粘锅的动作可能会给你的食物增加230万微塑料颗粒)”可推知，作者试图通过讲述烹饪故事来传达我们在不知情的情况下摄入了微塑料。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A groundbreaking new study shows how the presence of microplastics in arteries (动脉血管) is linked to a greater risk of heart attack and death. When microplastics build up in arteries, the thicker blood vessel (血管) walls reduce blood flow to parts of the body.(一项开创性的新研究表明，动脉中微塑料的存在与心脏病发作和死亡风险增加有关。当微塑料在动脉中积聚时，更厚的血管壁会减少流向身体各部位的血液)”可知，微塑料通过减缓血流来影响我们的身体。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Microplastics may be inescapable, but with simple swaps and fixes, you can reduce the amount of microplastics you encounter in your own home. Carry your own reusable bags and avoid buying food that comes in much plastic packaging. When heating food, use stainless steel instead of nonstick pans. Another way to limit your exposure is to filter (过滤) your tap water to reduce plastic fibers in the tap water.(微塑料可能是无法避免的，但通过简单的替换和修复，你可以减少在自己家中接触到的微塑料的数量。带上你自己的可重复使用的袋子，避免购买包装有大量塑料的食品。加热食物时，使用不锈钢而不是不粘锅。另一种限制暴露的方法是过滤你的自来水以减少自来水中的塑料纤维)”可知，本段主要提供了减少在家中接触微塑料的建议，包括使用可重复使用的袋子、避免购买塑料包装的食品、使用不锈钢锅加热食物以及过滤自来水等。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ultimately, plastic manufacturers and the companies that sell their products are responsible for the high volume of plastic waste in our environments, and significantly reducing that plastic — and the microplastics that come with it — will have to be at the policy level nationwide and worldwide.(最终，塑料制造商和销售其产品的公司对我们环境中大量的塑料垃圾负有责任，要在全国范围内和全球范围内大大减少这种塑料——以及随之而来的微塑料——将必须在政策层面进行)”可知，塑料制造商和销售产品的公司对塑料垃圾负有责任，并强调了在全国范围内和全球范围内通过政策层面减少塑料和微塑料的重要性。由此推知，相关法规对控制塑料使用至关重要。故选C。 （七） （2025年内江市一模） Parenting Northern Bald Ibises is a hard job. For the past six months, biologists Barbara Steininger and Helena Wehner have spent every day hand-feeding and raising dozens of these endangered chicks. They couldn’t pass their fostering (喂养的) duties off on anyone else during that time — the immature birds needed to imprint on them and them alone. Steininger and Wehner then took to the skies to guide their young charges on the birds’ first migration (迁徙) for their inability to do that. In mid-August they climbed onboard a microlight aircraft in Rosegg, Austria, to start their approximately 2,800-kilometer journey, which ended on October 3 at a wintering site in Andalusia, Spain. There the two foster parents said their final goodbye to the birds that they helped raise. “At the end, you have to release them in the wintering site and accept that they are now independent and don’t need you anymore,” says Johannes Fritz, who leads the team reintroducing Northern Bald Ibises to the wild in Europe and has been aviating the microlight aircraft on these guided migrations since 2004. This method, called human-led migration, is both resource- and time-intensive, but for the Bald Ibises, it appears to be working. The process starts in the spring with foster parents who hand-feed chicks taken from captive-bred populations. Then, come late summer, the conservation team sets out on its route. As the aircraft takes off, the foster parents call out in German for the birds to follow, shouting “Komm, komm!” through a loudspeaker. Once in the air, the birds will sometimes fly close to the aircraft and greet the foster parents by moving their bill up and down and calling out. After the foster parents greet them back, they take their position in the formation. After four or five hours of flying, they land back on the ground. At least a dozen other crew members will have driven ahead to set up camp: a temporary cage for the birds and tents for the team members. The next day, they do it all over again. 1．Why did Steininger and Wehner do the fostering job themselves? A．They could only imprint on the chicks. B．It was dangerous to involve other people. C．The chicks were too young to be left alone. D．They wanted to build a strong bond with the chicks. 2．What is the purpose of the microlight aircraft? A．To pilot the birds during their migration. B．To shelter the birds from the cold weather. C．To transport the chicks to the wintering site. D．To provide food for the birds during the journey. 3．Which word best describes the human-led migration? A．Demanding. B．Debatable. C．Effortless. D．Impractical. 4．What is the desired result of the human-led migration? A．The birds become dependent on caretakers. B．The Bald Ibises lose their ability to migrate. C．The chicks have a higher chance of survival. D．The conservation team closely monitor the birds. 参考答案 1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生物学家亲自抚养秃鹮幼鸟，并且通过微型飞机引导它们迁徙。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“They couldn’t pass their fostering (喂养的) duties off on anyone else during that time — the immature birds needed to imprint on them and them alone.(在这段时间里，他们不能把抚养孩子的责任推卸给其他人——这些未成熟的小鸟需要在他们身上留下印记，而且只能在他们身上留下印记)”可知，施泰因格和韦纳自己来做抚养工作是因为想和幼鸟建立牢固的关系。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段““At the end, you have to release them in the wintering site and accept that they are now independent and don’t need you anymore,” says Johannes Fritz, who leads the team reintroducing Northern Bald Ibises to the wild in Europe and has been aviating the microlight aircraft on these guided migrations since 2004. (“最后，你必须把它们放回越冬地，接受它们现在是独立的，不再需要你的事实，”约翰内斯·弗里茨说，他领导了将北方秃鹮重新引入欧洲野外的团队，自2004年以来，他一直在驾驶微型飞机进行这些引导迁徙)”可知，微型飞机的用途是在鸟的迁徙过程中引导它们。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“This method, called human-led migration, is both resource- and time-intensive, but for the Bald Ibises, it appears to be working.(这种方法被称为人类主导的迁徙，既耗费资源又耗费时间，但对秃鹮来说，这种方法似乎很有效)”可知，人类主导的迁徙是费时费力的。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“This method, called human-led migration, is both resource- and time-intensive, but for the Bald Ibises, it appears to be working. The process starts in the spring with foster parents who hand-feed chicks taken from captive-bred populations. Then, come late summer, the conservation team sets out on its route.(这种方法被称为人类主导的迁徙，既耗费资源又耗费时间，但对秃鹮来说，这种方法似乎很有效。这个过程从春天开始，养父母亲手喂养从人工饲养的种群中取出的小鸟。然后，到了夏末，保护小组就出发了)”可知，人类主导的迁徙的预期结果是幼鸟的存活率更高。故选C。 （八） （2025年内江市一模） As social creatures, humans can predict one another’s emotions and mental states from a range of sources: watching their actions, listening to their conversations, learning from their past behaviors, and so on. Cognitive (认知的) researchers call this the “Theory of Mind,” or ToM. Although it excels in many areas, artificial intelligence doesn’t match humans in this regard—at least not yet, according to a research team including Tianmin Shu, an assistant professor of computer science at the Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering. To explore whether AI models can understand humans by using information from multiple sources, Shu and his team created the first standardized dataset that reflects the true complexities of the reasoning tasks encountered by real-world AI systems. The team’s test set includes 134 videos and text descriptions of people looking for common objects in a household environment. The researchers tested both humans and state-of-the-art large language and multimodal models on their ability to predict which objects the people in the videos wanted to find and where they believed they’d find them. The team found that humans became better at understanding others’ intentions when they tapped into varied sources of information. In contrast, even the most advanced AI models — such as OpenAI’s GPT-4V — struggled with such tasks, often confusing what was actually happening with what a person believed was happening and having difficulty tracking changes in people’s thoughts over time. Based on these findings, Shu’s team created their own model. Their approach first translates the video and text inputs into a type of signal it can understand, capturing the physical scene and the actions of the person within it. Then, instead of directly mapping these to the person’s beliefs and goals, the model uses a combination of Bayesian inverse planning — a cognitive method originally designed for visual data — and smaller language models fine-tuned on human activity data to predict the most likely possible actions. 1．What is ToM described in the passage? A．Methods for AI to predict human actions. B．A standardized dataset used to test AI models. C．A cognitive approach to understanding visual data. D．Humans’ ability to infer moods and psychological conditions. 2．Which can replace the underlined part in paragraph 5? A．Looked for. B．Drew upon. C．Took apart. D．Left alone. 3．What may be talked about following the last paragraph? A．The method of translating videos and texts. B．The combination of intentions and activities. C．The outcome of the model of Shu’s team. D．The application of Bayesian inverse planning. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Theory of Mind in Artificial Intelligence B．Human-AI Similarities in Theory of Mind C．Development of Shu’s Team’s New Model D．AI’s Drawback in Grasping Human Intentions 参考答案 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。主要目的是向读者介绍和解释关于人工智能（AI）与人类在理解他人意图方面能力的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“As social creatures, humans can predict one another’s emotions and mental states from a range of sources: watching their actions, listening to their conversations, learning from their past behaviors, and so on. Cognitive (认知的) researchers call this the “Theory of Mind,” or ToM.(作为社会生物，人类可以通过一系列来源预测彼此的情绪和精神状态：观察他们的行为，倾听他们的谈话，从他们过去的行为中学习，等等。认知研究者称之为“心智理论”（简称ToM）)”可知，ToM指的是人类推断情绪和心理状态的能力。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“To explore whether AI models can understand humans by using information from multiple sources, Shu and his team created the first standardized dataset that reflects the true complexities of the reasoning tasks encountered by real-world AI systems.(为了探索人工智能模型是否可以通过使用来自多个来源的信息来理解人类，Shu和他的团队创建了第一个标准化数据集，反映了现实世界人工智能系统遇到的推理任务的真实复杂性)”可知，是为了人工智能模型是否可以通过使用来自多个来源的信息来理解人类，之后研究人员发现当人们利用各种信息来源时，他们会更善于理解他人的意图，结合划线词句推知tapped into应是“利用”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Based on these findings, Shu’s team created their own model. Their approach first translates the video and text inputs into a type of signal it can understand, capturing the physical scene and the actions of the person within it. Then, instead of directly mapping these to the person’s beliefs and goals, the model uses a combination of Bayesian inverse planning — a cognitive method originally designed for visual data — and smaller language models fine-tuned on human activity data to predict the most likely possible actions.(基于这些发现，Shu的团队创建了他们自己的模型。他们的方法首先将视频和文本输入转换成一种它可以理解的信号，捕捉物理场景和其中的人的动作。然后，该模型不是直接将这些映射到人的信念和目标，而是使用贝叶斯逆计划（一种最初为视觉数据设计的认知方法）和更小的语言模型的组合，这些模型对人类活动数据进行了微调，以预测最可能的行为)”可知，接下来可能讨论Shu的团队模型的结果。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Although it excels in many areas, artificial intelligence doesn’t match humans in this regard — at least not yet, according to a research team including Tianmin Shu, an assistant professor of computer science at the Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering.(约翰霍普金斯大学怀廷工程学院计算机科学助理教授舒天敏等人组成的一个研究小组表示，尽管人工智能在许多领域都表现出色，但在这方面还无法与人类匹敌——至少目前还做不到)”可知，本文主要讲述了人工智能在理解人类意图方还有些不足，所以D项“AI’s Drawback in Grasping Human Intentions(人工智能在理解人类意图方面的缺陷)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 （九） （2025年宜宾市一模） Sugar does fire up dopamine (多巴胺) and light up your brain’s pleasure systems, but too much daily candy consumption may be as dangerous as a drug problem in humans. Our bodies need energy to function, so it’s natural that our bodies would desire it in sugar form, says Vera Tarman, MD．Nutritious fruits and vegetables contain sugar, but this small amount is totally healthy. The problem is, processed foods contain concentrated (浓缩的) amounts of that natural sweetener. “You’re looking at something that has a high amount of a substance that will overpower what we normally should eat,” says Dr. Tarman “It becomes more than pleasurable—it becomes addictive.” It’s like how South Americans chewed coca plant leaves for centuries, but the plant wasn’t a problem until its concentrated version, cocaine, hit the market, she says. “When your sweet tooth goes from a desire to an obsession, you might be hooked on sugar.” says Dr. Tarman. “The signs are similar to a drug addiction,” she says, “thinking about food more than anything else, feeling unable to stop even when you’re stuffed, or hiding food so no-one knows you have it.” Sugar can also become a problem when you’re just eating it out of habit, says registered nutritionist Samasa Melton. “People don’t feel like they’ve finished eating until they’ve had a dessert.” All that sugar can cause major health problems, like heart problems, headaches, bloating and even energy crashes. Cutting added sugar might sound impossible and, quite frankly, miserable, but after a few weeks, your taste buds will adjust, and the sweet things you love now won’t be as tasty. “If you don’t have apple juice, the apple tastes great,” Melton says. “Freedom testes great-freedom from obsession.” 1．Why does Dr. Tarman mention “coca plant leaves” in paragraph 2? A．To introduce a tradition in South America. B．To illustrate too much sugar is a problem. C．To explain what concentrated sugar is. D．To prove natural food is healthier. 2．What does the underlined phrase “be hooked on” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Be addicted to. B．Be focused on. C．Be lacking in. D．Be free from. 3．Which of the following will Melton agree with? A．Sweetener should be forbidden. B．Sugar-free diet needs promoting. C．Sugar addiction can be corrected. D．A meal without dessert is incomplete. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Sugar: A New Drug. B．Sugar: Light You Up. C．Sugar: Less Is Better. D．Sugar: A Health Killer. 参考答案 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是过量摄入糖分可能像药物成瘾一样对人体有害。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The problem is, processed foods contain concentrated (浓缩的) amounts of that natural sweetener. “You’re looking at something that has a high amount of a substance that will overpower what we normally should eat,” says Dr. Tarman “It becomes more than pleasurable—it becomes addictive.”(问题是，加工食品中含有大量的天然甜味剂。Dr. Tarman说：“你看到的是一种含有大量物质的东西，这种物质会超过我们平时应该吃的东西。它不仅会让人愉快，还会让人上瘾。”)”可知，Dr. Tarman在第二段提到“古柯植物叶子”的目的是说明过多的糖是一个问题。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“When your sweet tooth goes from a desire to an obsession(当你对甜食的渴望变成了痴迷)”和“The signs are similar to a drug addiction(这些迹象与吸毒成瘾相似)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“当你对甜食的喜爱从一种渴望变成一种痴迷时，你可能对糖上瘾了”，划线短语be hooked on的意思是“对……上瘾”，和be addicted to意思相近。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Cutting added sugar might sound impossible and, quite frankly, miserable, but after a few weeks, your taste buds will adjust, and the sweet things you love now won’t be as tasty.(戒掉添加糖听起来可能不太可能，坦率地说，很痛苦，但几周后，你的味蕾会调整，你现在喜欢的甜食就不会那么好吃了。)”可知，Melton会同意的是糖瘾是可以纠正的。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Sugar does fire up dopamine (多巴胺) and light up your brain’s pleasure systems, but too much daily candy consumption may be as dangerous as a drug problem in humans.(糖确实会激发多巴胺，激活大脑的愉悦系统，但对人类来说，每天吃太多糖可能和吸毒一样危险。)”可知，本文主要讲的是过量摄入糖分可能像药物成瘾一样对人体有害，因此最好的题目是C选项“Sugar: Less Is Better.(糖：越少越好。)”。故选C。 （十） （2025年宜宾市一模） A newly-developed Android phone app is able to remotely estimate pressure in a person’s arteries (动脉) as there heart squeezes, providing potentially life-saving details on individual health without the need for specialized equipment. Rather than having to take a trip to the doctor or use a dedicated device, individuals might one day be able to make use of the phone in their pocket, making the innovation particularly important in underserved populations where access to medical care is limited. Developed by researchers from the University of Pittsburgh, the app works by taking a variety of readings from the accelerometer, camera, and touch sensors built into modern smartphones. What makes the app smart is the way it gets users to change the position of their hands to change blood flow, and apply a number of instructed touches to the phone screen to get the right pulse pressure readings.“Because of gravity, there’s a pressure change in your thumb when you raise your hands up above your heart, and using the phone’s accelerometer, you’re able to convert that into the relative change in pressure,” says biomedical engineer Vishaal Dhamotharan from the University of Pittsburgh. In tests on 24 people and cross-referencing with a larger database, the app method detected pulse pressure to a reasonably accurate level, within around 8 mm HG. As development continues, the app accuracy level will most likely improve on that even further. The researchers admit they’ll need to work on “changing the mindset” around using pulse pressure as a blood pressure indicator — but it’s the best solution we’ve seen yet for taking this crucial reading using a normal smartphone. “Development of a portable blood pressure measurement device that does not require any external calibration (外部校准) is unrealistic — such a device currently does not exist,” says biomedical engineer Sanjeev Shroff, from the University of Pittsburgh. “The research work reported in this publication is an important step in the right direction.” 1．Why is the newly-developed phone app particularly important? A．It’s much easier to access. B．It’s money-saving. C．It’s a specialized facility. D．It’s more accurate. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about the app? A．The special function of it. B．The working principle of it. C．The purpose of developing it. D．The inspiration for developing it. 3．What can we infer about the future of the app in smartphones? A．It will have a bright prospect. B．It will come into the market soon. C．It will be built in every smartphone. D．It will replace the traditional equipment. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To test an app. B．To improve an app. C．To advertise an app. D．To introduce an app. 参考答案 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一款新开发的安卓手机应用程序能够通过智能手机远程估算个人动脉在心脏挤压时的压力，从而提供可能挽救生命的个人健康信息，而无需使用专用设备。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Rather than having to take a trip to the doctor or use a dedicated device, individuals might one day be able to make use of the phone in their pocket, making the innovation particularly important in underserved populations where access to medical care is limited.(人们也许有一天就能使用口袋里的手机，而不必跑一趟去看医生或使用专用设备，这使得这项创新在医疗服务匮乏、医疗服务有限的人群中尤为重要)”可知，新开发的手机应用程序特别重要是因为它更容易使用，故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Developed by researchers from the University of Pittsburgh, the app works by taking a variety of readings from the accelerometer, camera, and touch sensors built into modern smartphones. What makes the app smart is the way it gets users to change the position of their hands to change blood flow, and apply a number of instructed touches to the phone screen to get the right pulse pressure readings.(这款应用由Pittsburgh大学的研究人员开发，通过从现代智能手机内置的加速度计、摄像头和触摸传感器中获取各种读数来工作。这款应用的智能之处在于，它可以让用户改变双手的位置来改变血液流动，并在手机屏幕上进行一些指示触摸，以获得正确的脉搏压力读数)”可知，第三段主要讲的是这款应用程序的工作原理。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers admit they’ll need to work on “changing the mindset” around using pulse pressure as a blood pressure indicator — but it’s the best solution we’ve seen yet for taking this crucial reading using a normal smartphone. (研究人员承认，他们需要努力“改变思维模式”，将脉压作为血压指标，但这是我们所见过的使用普通智能手机测量这一关键读数的最佳解决方案)”及“The research work reported in this publication is an important step in the right direction.(这份报告中的研究工作是朝着正确方向迈出的重要一步)”可知，这款应用程序有光明的前景。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A newly-developed Android phone app is able to remotely estimate pressure in a person’s arteries (动脉) as there heart squeezes, providing potentially life-saving details on individual health without the need for specialized equipment.(一款新开发的安卓手机应用程序可以在心脏挤压时远程估计一个人的动脉压力，在不需要专门设备的情况下，提供可能挽救生命的个人健康细节)”可知，本文主要讲的是一款新开发的安卓手机应用程序，它能够通过智能手机远程估算个人动脉在心脏挤压时的压力，从而提供可能挽救生命的个人健康信息，而无需使用专用设备，因此本文作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一个应用程序。故选D。 （十一） （2025年自贡市一模） At the University of Chicago, some students lined up for a special experience: the opportunity to borrow an original work of art from the school’s Smart Museum of Art. The program Art To Live With began nearly 70 years ago, in 1958. It was the brainchild of Joseph R. Shapiro, a famous art collector in Chicago, who thought students would come to appreciate art if they could live with it. So, he gave the university fifty works, mostly by European and American artists, to start a lending program open to all students. It was a very popular thing from the start, and within four years, the collection grew to more than 500 pieces. In 2017, the Smart Museum of Art took over running the program, providing an online and in-person preview of the works available from the collection. Students have about one week to go through the collection and identify their favorites among the color lithographs by masters such as Joan Miró, Marc Chagall and Yves Tanguy, representative prints by Gordon Parks and Jenny, Holzer, and even a couple of Picassos. Then they lined up outside the Smart Museum, waiting to bring their selections home to hang on dorm room walls. Rafaela Grieco-Freeman, in her second year of studying mathematics and economics, is a huge art enthusiast and had her eye on a work by one of the old masters, Francisco de Goya. When she first heard about the program as a freshman, her immediate reaction was disbelief. She said, “It’s astonishing to be a part of this and have these like priceless, you know works of art and also like pieces of history… just in a dorm room!” Vanja Malloy, the Smart’s Director, says her hope is that it provides students with a more in-depth view of art and life. “It encourages them to look closely at an artwork, to learn more about it, to have a curiosity that then develops throughout their lives,” Malloy explains. 1．What do we know about Joseph R. Shapiro? A．S He is in charge of an art museum. B．He is the initiator of Art To Live With. C．He favored European and American artists most. D．He gave away his own creations to the university. 2．How can students get information about works available from Smart Museum of Art? A．By surfing the Internet. B．By consulting masters of art. C．By discussing with classmates. D．By queuing up outside the museum. 3．Which aspect of the program surprised Rafaela Grieco-Freeman at first? A．Long history. B．Nice environment. C．Hardworking staff. D．Invaluable collections. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Shape Career Prospects B．Rescue Traditional Museums C．Borrow Original Art for Dorms D．Transform Educational Systems 参考答案 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了芝加哥大学允许学生将一些原创艺术品借回宿舍，文章说明了这一活动的背景以及人们对此的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The program Art To Live With began nearly 70 years ago, in 1958. It was the brainchild of Joseph R. Shapiro, a famous art collector in Chicago, who thought students would come to appreciate art if they could live with it.(《与艺术共存》节目始于近70年前的1958年。这是芝加哥著名艺术收藏家Joseph R. Shapiro的创意，他认为，如果学生们能与艺术共存，他们就会欣赏艺术)”可知，Joseph R. Shapiro是“与艺术共存”的发起人。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 2017, the Smart Museum of Art took over running the program, providing an online and in- person preview of the works available from the collection. Students have about one week to go through the collection and identify their favorites among the color lithographs by masters such as Joan Miró, Marc Chagall and Yves Tanguy, representative prints by Gordon Parks and Jenny, Holzer, and even a couple of Picassos.( 2017年，Smart艺术博物馆接管了该项目，为馆藏中的作品提供在线和现场预览。学生们有大约一周的时间来浏览这些藏品，并在琼Miró、马克夏加尔和伊夫唐吉等大师的彩色平版画、戈登帕克斯和珍妮、霍尔泽的代表性版画、甚至毕加索的几幅作品中选出自己最喜欢的)”可知，学生可以通过上网获取Smart美术馆的作品信息。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She said, “It’s astonishing to be a part of this and have these like priceless, you know works of art and also like pieces of history… just in a dorm room!”(她说：“能成为其中的一部分，拥有这些无价之宝，你知道的，艺术品，也像历史一样，真是令人惊讶……就在宿舍里！”)”可知，这个项目无价的收藏品一开始让拉菲拉·格里科·弗里曼感到惊讶。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“At the University of Chicago, some students lined up for a special experience: the opportunity to borrow an original work of art from the school’s Smart Museum of Art.(在芝加哥大学，一些学生排队等候一项特殊体验：有机会从学校的Smart美术馆借阅一件原创艺术品)”结合文章主要说明了芝加哥大学允许学生将一些原创艺术品借回宿舍，以及这一活动的背景和人们对此的看法。可知，C选项“为宿舍借用原创艺术品”最符合文章标题。故选C。 （十二） （2025年自贡市一模） “If you want to make something smarter, teach it to play,” remarks a pioneering oceanographer (海洋学家) in Richard Powers’ Playground. Evelyne Beaulieu is one of several brilliant characters in the novel who eagerly approach their work every day with the excitement of “a baby in Toyland.” During decades exploring the ocean floor and playing “hide-and-seek with octopuses and tag with pygmy seahorses,” the Montreal-born diver feels as if she’s been “set loose in the greatest playground any child had ever seen.” But she is also concerned by the changes she’s witnessed over the years — including the declining reefs and other species. Where The Overstory, Powers’ 2019 Pulitzer Prize-winner, addressed the destruction of forests, Playground focuses on the threats to oceans, which cover 71% of Earth’s surface and house 99% of the world’s biosphere. Powers makes clear that while we humans have made this planet our amusement park, we have not always taken proper care of our toys. Throughout a career that spans 40 years and 14 novels, Powers has heightened our awareness by creating smart, sympathetic （but by no means perfect） characters, many of them scientists and techies who deal with these serious issues. In Playground, he dives into several relationships in which lifelong friends and lovers struggle movingly to weather the challenges of diverse and conflicting priorities. Playground joins a welcome increase in recent fiction featuring female scientists, including not just Powers’ Overstory but Martin MacInnes’ In Ascension, Bonnie Garmus’ Lessons in Chemistry, and Francesca Segal’s Welcome to Glorious Tuga, which is also set on a remote island. But the greatest takeaway from the novel, which is filled with love for humanity and the planet, is that while change is unavoidable, the easily destroyed wonders of life — underwater and on land — are worth enjoying and saving. 1．How does Beaulieu feel about her work? A．Depressed. B．Puzzled. C．Challenged. D．Entertained. 2．What does the phrase “our toys” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to? A．Human children. B．Amusement parks. C．Ocean life. D．Diving suits. 3．What can be learned about Playground from the last paragraph? A．It is written by a female scientist. B．It remains the top-selling fiction for the time being. C．It has a setting similar to Welcome to Glorious Tuga. D．It proves that the extinction of some species is unavoidable. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To clarify ways to enjoy nature wonders. B．To honor representative environmentalists. C．To give a brief account of threats to the ocean. D．To introduce a book on environmental conservation. 参考答案 1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】文章为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了：Richard Powers的小说《Playground》聚焦海洋威胁。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Evelyne Beaulieu is one of several brilliant characters in the novel who eagerly approach their work every day with the excitement of “a baby in Toyland.” (Evelyne Beaulieu是小说中几个杰出的人物之一，她每天都像“玩具乐园里的婴儿”一样兴奋地热切地工作。)”可知，Evelyne Beaulieu是小说中几位杰出人物之一，对自己的工作感到愉快。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。由文章第二段中“Where The Overstory, Powers’ 2019 Pulitzer Prize-winner, addressed the destruction of forests, Playground focuses on the threats to oceans, which cover 71% of Earth’s surface and house 99% of the world’s biosphere. Powers makes clear that while we humans have made this planet our amusement park, we have not always taken proper care of our toys. (在Powers2019年获得普利策奖的小说《The Overstory》中，他探讨了森林的破坏问题，而《Playground》则聚焦于对海洋的威胁，海洋覆盖了地球71%的表面，容纳了世界上99%的生物圈。鲍尔斯明确指出，虽然我们把地球变成了自己的游乐场，但我们并没有总是妥善照顾我们的“玩具”。)”可知，这里的our toys指的是海洋生命。A. Human children人类儿童；B. Amusement parks游乐园；C. Ocean life海洋生物；D. Diving suits潜水服。故选C。 3．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Playground joins a welcome increase in recent fiction featuring female scientists, including not just Powers’ Overstory but Martin MacInnes’ In Ascension, Bonnie Garmus’ Lessons in Chemistry, and Francesca Segal’s Welcome to Glorious Tuga, which is also set on a remote island. (《Playground》加入了近年来以女性科学家为主角的虚构作品日益增多的行列，其中不仅包括Powers的《Overstory》，还有Martin MacInnes的《In Ascension》、Bonnie Garmus的《Lessons in Chemistry》和Francesca Segal的《Welcome to Glorious Tuga》，后者也将背景设定在一个遥远的岛屿上。)”可知，它的背景类似于《Welcome to Glorious Tuga》。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“Where The Overstory, Powers’ 2019 Pulitzer Prize-winner, addressed the destruction of forests, Playground focuses on the threats to oceans, which cover 71% of Earth’s surface and house 99% of the world’s biosphere. (在Powers2019年获得普利策奖的小说《The Overstory》中，他探讨了森林的破坏问题，而《Playground》则聚焦于对海洋的威胁，海洋覆盖了地球71%的表面，容纳了世界上99%的生物圈。)”和最后一段中“Playground joins a welcome increase in recent fiction featuring female scientists, including not just Powers’ Overstory but Martin MacInnes’ In Ascension, Bonnie Garmus’ Lessons in Chemistry, and Francesca Segal’s Welcome to Glorious Tuga, which is also set on a remote island. (《Playground》加入了近年来以女性科学家为主角的虚构作品日益增多的行列，其中不仅包括Powers的《Overstory》，还有Martin MacInnes的《In Ascension》、Bonnie Garmus的《Lessons in Chemistry》和Francesca Segal的《Welcome to Glorious Tuga》，后者也将背景设定在一个遥远的岛屿上。)”可知，文章主要介绍了Richard Powers的小说《Playground》，作者的写作目的是介绍这本关于环境保护的书。故选D。 （十三） （2025年自贡市一模） As the war in Gaza dragged on for a hundred days, I found it more difficult to cope with the news. Struggling to hold back tears after reading another story of human tragedy, I turned to ChatGPT. The AI offered practical advice: limit media exposure, focus on the positive, and practice self-care. While I acknowledged the value of these suggestions, I didn’t feel any better. Millions of people are now turning to chatbots like ChatGPT for mental health support, which is convenient and inexpensive. Some experts praise this development, arguing that AI, free from embarrassment and burnout, can express empathy (共情) more openly and tirelessly than humans. However, others question whether AI can truly experience empathy and worry about the consequences of seeking emotional support from machines that only pretend to care. AI-powered chatbots have advanced greatly in reading human emotions, powered by large language models (LLMs ) that predict which words are most likely to appear together based on training data. However, AI still falls short in other criteria for empathy. It lacks the natural awareness and understanding of an individual and their situation. Consider someone who cries while telling a doctor she is pregnant. If we know her history of trying for years to have a baby, we can imagine that her tears mean something different than, say, if she didn’t want to have kids. Moreover, AI can’t feel for the person they’re interacting with. “We have no reason to think AI can experience empathy,” says bioethicist Jodi Halpern. “It can produce language that sounds like empathy, but it doesn’t have empathy.” Also, empathy is a two-way process, and its effectiveness depends on how we perceive and emotionally connect to the other person or machine. When people know they’re interacting with AI, they feel less supported and understood. Therefore, as we turn to AI empathy more and more we should be aware of its limitations and not neglect the importance of developing genuine human connections. 1．Why did the author turn to ChatGPT after learning the news about Gaza? A．To test the function of AI. B．To seek for emotional support. C．To reduce his media exposure. D．To find ways to cease the war. 2．What do tears imply for the pregnant woman in paragraph 3? A．Excitement. B．Depression. C．Confusion. D．Unwillingness. 3．What is Halpern’s opinion about AI? A．It lacks real empathy. B．It needs to be regulated. C．It offers practical advice. D．It is welcomed by healthy workers. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Machine learning. B．Artificial kindness. C．Disease treatment. D．Interpersonal relationship. 参考答案 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们现在越来越倾向于使用ChatGPT和专业的治疗机器人来获取方便且低成本的心理支持。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As the war in Gaza dragged on for a hundred days, I found it more difficult to cope with the news. Struggling to hold back tears after reading another story of human tragedy, I turned to ChatGPT.(随着加沙战争持续了百日，我发现越来越难以应对这些新闻。在读到又一起人间悲剧的故事后，我努力抑制着眼泪，随后转向了ChatGPT)”可知，作者在读到一个悲剧的故事后，转向ChatGPT是为了寻求情感支持。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“onsider someone who cries while telling a doctor she is pregnant. If we know her history of trying for years to have a baby, we can imagine that her tears mean something different than, say, if she didn’t want to have kids.(考虑一个女性在告诉医生她怀孕时流下了眼泪。如果我们知道她有着多年尝试怀孕的历史，我们可以想象，她的眼泪所表达的意义与那些并不想要孩子的人是不同的)”由此可推知，第三段中孕妇的眼泪意味着兴奋和高兴。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中““We have no reason to think AI can experience empathy,” says bioethicist Jodi Halpern. “It can produce language that sounds like empathy, but it doesn’t have empathy.”(“我们没有理由认为人工智能会有同理心，”生物伦理学家Jodi Halpern说。“它可以产生听起来像同理心的语言，但它没有同理心。”)”可知，Halpern认为人工智能缺乏真正的同理心。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及第二段中“Millions of people are now turning to chatbots like ChatGPT for mental health support, which is convenient and inexpensive. Some experts praise this development, arguing that AI, free from embarrassment and burnout, can express empathy (共情) more openly and tirelessly than humans.( 数以百万计的人现在转向像ChatGPT这样的聊天机器人寻求心理健康支持，这既方便又便宜。一些专家对这一发展表示赞赏，认为人工智能没有尴尬和倦怠，可以比人类更公开、更不知疲倦地表达同理心)”及最后一段中“Therefore, as we turn to AI empathy more and more we should be aware of its limitations and not neglect the importance of developing genuine human connections.(因此，当我们越来越多地转向AI共情时，我们应该意识到其局限性，而不应忽视培养真实的人际关系的重要性)”可知，可知，本文主要讲的是随着人工智能的发展，很多人转向人工智能寻求情感支持，但人工智能缺乏真正的共情，因此我们要意识到它的局限性，不要忽视发展真正的人际关系。所以本文主要是关于“人工善意”的。故选B项。 （十四） （2025年成都市成都实验外国语学校教育集团一模） Culture, by which scientists mean that animals learn from each other to overcome problems, seems to be increasingly common across the animal kingdom. Alice Bridges, a behavioral ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England, wondered whether insects like bumblebees might have a capacity for it, too. To study culture in bumblebees in the lab, she built a puzzle box out of Petri dishes (培养皿) with a reward of super sweet sugar water at the bottom of it. Bridges cut a small hole in the lid to create a spinning top that can be turned by pushing the red dot clockwise or the blue dot counter-clockwise. Then, she trained some bees to push the red dot to get the sugar water and others to push the blue dot. Next, Bridges put these trained bees into different colonies (群体) along with the puzzle boxes. It wasn’t all fun and games, however, and the experiment ultimately played itself out. In colonies where the tutor bee had originally learned to push the red dot, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red dot. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push the blue dot, their fellow bees tended to do the same. In the control colonies where there were no tutors, the bees sometimes learned how to open the boxes, but never as efficiently or reliably. The conclusion is that bumblebees can pass on certain behaviors. However, because bumblebee colonies collapse before winter, there’s little chance a tradition could get passed down from generation to generation. So, Bridges is planning future work on insects whose colonies last for years, like stingless bees. That truth, summarizes Whiten, a cognitive zoologist at the University of St Andrews in Scotland, is that all we have discovered about animal culture means that human culture, once thought unique, did not emerge ‘out of the blue’ but has obviously built on deep evolutionary foundations.” 1．How was Alice Bridges’ study conducted? A．By analyzing the data. B．By observing the tutor bees. C．By studying the previous experiment. D．By comparing the results in different groups. 2．What does the phrase “play itself out” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Come to an end. B．Cause confusion. C．Reach a conclusion. D．Become entertaining. 3．Why is Alice Bridges turning to insects like stingless bees for future work? A．Because they may pass down traditions across generations. B．Because they may have more complex cultural behaviors. C．Because they may be easier to observe in the lab. D．Because they may learn more efficiently. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Alice Bridges discovered a new species of bees. B．Animals’ learning behaviors suggest a form of culture. C．Bumblebees have the ability to solve complex puzzles. D．Culture on evolutionary foundations is unique to human. 参考答案 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们认为的动物之间互相学习以克服问题的这种文化，似乎在整个动物王国中越来越普遍。英国安格利亚鲁斯金大学的行为生态学家爱丽丝·布里奇斯通过研究表明，大黄蜂是可以传递某些行为的，这是一种文化形式。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Then, she trained some bees to push the red dot to get the sugar water and others to push the blue dot. Next, Bridges put these trained bees into different colonies (群体) along with the puzzle boxes.(然后，她训练一些蜜蜂推动红点来获取糖水，另一些蜜蜂则推动蓝点。接下来，布里奇斯将这些训练有素的蜜蜂与拼图盒一起放入不同的群体中)”可推知，艾丽丝·布里奇斯的研究是通过比较不同组的结果而进行的。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Then, she trained some bees to push the red dot to get the sugar water and others to push the blue dot. Next, Bridges put these trained bees into different colonies (群体) along with the puzzle boxes.(然后，她训练一些大黄蜂推动红点来获取糖水，另一些大黄蜂则推动蓝点。接下来，布里奇斯将这些训练有素的黄蜂与拼图盒一起放入不同的群体中)”和第三段中“In colonies where the tutor bee had originally learned to push the red dot, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red dot. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push the blue dot, their fellow bees tended to do the same.(在辅导蜂最初学会推动红点的蜂群中，蜂群中的其他黄蜂通常会推动红点。在辅导蜂被训练推动蓝点的蜂群中，它们的同伴蜂也倾向于做同样的事情)”可知，艾丽丝·布里奇斯训练一些大黄蜂推动红点，一些黄蜂推动蓝点，结果是被训练推红点的黄蜂推动红点，被训练推蓝点的黄蜂推动蓝点，这说明实验不仅仅是为了游戏和娱乐，实验最终是成功的，得出了一个结论，由此可推知，画线短语意为“得出结论”，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The conclusion is that bumblebees can pass on certain behaviors. However, because bumblebee colonies collapse before winter, there’s little chance a tradition could get passed down from generation to generation. So, Bridges is planning future work on insects whose colonies last for years, like stingless bees.(结论是大黄蜂可以传递某些行为。然而，由于大黄蜂群在冬季之前就崩溃了，因此这一传统几乎不可能代代相传。因此，布里奇斯正在计划未来对那些群落能持续多年的昆虫进行研究，比如无刺蜜蜂)”可知，爱丽丝·布里奇斯在未来的工作中会转向无刺蜜蜂等昆虫，这是因为这些昆虫可能会将传统代代相传。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Culture, by which scientists mean that animals learn from each other to overcome problems, seems to be increasingly common across the animal kingdom. Alice Bridges, a behavioral ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England, wondered whether insects like bumblebees might have a capacity for it, too.(文化，科学家们指的是动物互相学习以克服问题，似乎在整个动物王国中越来越普遍。英国安格利亚鲁斯金大学的行为生态学家爱丽丝·布里奇斯想知道大黄蜂等昆虫是否也有这种能力。)”和倒数第二段中“The conclusion is that bumblebees can pass on certain behaviors. (结论是大黄蜂可以传递某些行为)”可知，爱丽丝·布里奇斯的实验表明大黄蜂之间相互学习，互相传递某种行为，这是一种文化形式，由此可推知，动物的学习行为暗示了一种文化形式。故选B。 （十五） （2025年德阳中学一模） The mission is simple. Arrive on foreign soil, fit in and wait. Then, when the time is right, emerge from the shadows and take over. This procedure, familiar from spy fiction as the preserve of sleeper agents, is also the strategy of certain invasive plant species. Invasive species that stay put, known as sleeper species, are not hard-wired to do so. Their natural tendency to expand is, instead, held back by some external factor. With the climate rapidly changing, Bethany Bradley at the University of Massachusetts wondered whether alterations in temperature and rainfall had the potential to activate some sleeper species. As she reports in a paper in Biological Inuvasions, the answer is a definitive yes. Dr Bradley and her team came to their conclusions by studying 1,795 plant species in north-eastern America identifiable as foreign but not yet locally listed as invasive. Of these, 169 were unquestionably demonstrating invasive behaviour in other parts of the world, and causing damage to their environment. That suggested they had the capacity to cause similar damage in America too. To determine whether the conditions coming to the region would activate any of the set 169, the researchers first identified the conditions under which these species would thrive (旺盛). A number of the plants on their list were held back by the cold winters that are less and less common in the region. They also found that some other species required more rainfall than is typical. According to the team’s findings, climate change is on track to awaken 18 sleeper species that could cause serious environmental and economic problems. Dr Bradley estimates that they will start to make themselves felt between 2040 and 2060 if something is not done soon. The most practical course of action, in her view, is to seek these sleeper species out before they are able to spread. Removing them today may be expensive, but it will be far cheaper than trying to weed them out tomorrow. 1．What strategy do sleeper species employ? A．Rapidly expanding in new environments. B．Patiently waiting for human intervention. C．Remaining inactive until conditions are favorable. D．Avoiding detection by staying in shadowy-corners. 2．What does the underlined word “hard-wired” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Slowly adapted. B．Solidly supported. C．Externally influenced. D．Naturally programmed. 3．What did researchers aim to uncover by focusing on the 169 species? A．The potential risks they could pose in the future. B．Their invasive behavior in other parts of the world. C．The reasons why they failed to survive in America. D．Possible ways to make them less common in America. 4．What’s Dr Bradley’s suggestion for dealing with sleeper species? A．Let nature take its course. B．Prevention is better than cure. C．Cutting budgets is a top priority. D．Delay action until it’s necessary. 参考答案 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化如何激活沉睡的入侵植物物种，预示这些物种可能对环境和经济产生严重影响，并建议提前采取措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段内容以及“Arrive on foreign soil, fit in and wait. Then, when the time is right, emerge from the shadows and take over. This procedure, familiar from spy fiction as the preserve of sleeper agents, is also the strategy of certain invasive plant species.”（到达外国的土地，适应和等待。然后，当时机成熟时，从阴影中走出来，接管一切。这一过程在间谍小说中很常见，就像潜伏特工的保护一样，也是某些入侵植物物种的策略。）可知, sleeper species的策略是在等待适宜的条件才活跃起来。因此选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Their natural tendency to expand is, instead, held back by some external factor.”（相反，它们扩张的自然趋势被一些外部因素所抑制。）可知，这些物种本能地倾向于扩展，虽然这种倾向被外部因素所抑制，hard-wired 在这里指的是“与生俱来的，固有的”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Of these,169 were unquestionably demonstrating invasive behaviour in other parts of the world, and causing damage to their environment. That suggested they had the capacity to cause similar damage in America too.”（其中，169只无疑在世界其他地区表现出入侵行为，并对其环境造成破坏。这表明他们也有能力在美国造成类似的破坏。）可知，研究人员通过关注这169这个物种来揭示它们在未来可能带来的风险，即它们在美国也可能造成类似的环境和经济问题。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。从最后一段“The most practical course of action,in her view,is to seek these sleeper species out before they are able to spread.”（在她看来，最实际的做法是在这些潜伏物种传播之前将其消灭。）可知，Dr Bradley建议在这些物种有机会扩散之前就将其发现并清除，说明“预防胜于治疗”是应对睡眠物种的最佳策略。故选B项。 （十六） （2025年攀枝花市一模） As night falls on the streets of Shanghai, Mikiko Chen can often be found pacing up and down through the winding narrow streets of the city hunting for discarded items. “I pick up all sorts of things, chairs, wine boxes, bowls and cups... it’s like treasure hunting for me.” she says. The 27-year-old digital market er is among the first adopters of “stooping” in China, a practice that refers to picking up discarded furniture and other goods on the streets for re- use. She says the concept “stooping” was inspired by New Yorkers who often leave unwanted things on the “stoops” — or doorsteps — leading up to the entrances of buildings. “The core concept of stooping for me is to take full advantage of things,” Ms. Chen says. “It can help you to save money, but it’s not just about reducing consumption.” “It’s wasteful to throw away something that’s still usable; it’s better to share it with others who need it.” Ms. Chen says she was among the first to use the hashtag (话题标签) stooping on REDnote, a popular social networking platform in China. “I initially started with posting items that people no longer used and wanted to throw away or exchange… gradually I’ m receiving hundreds of messages each day.” she says. Since then, the trend has become increasingly popular. Ms. Chen says she is “very surprised” the concept has become a hit on social media, as older generations often stigmatize picking up things from the street or using second hand goods. “People like my mum consider stooping as ‘rubbish picking’ and ‘scavenging’.” she says. “She thinks that people will look down on you for doing this.” For Nan Zheng, art environmentalist and advocate, stooping is more than the physical act of picking up things from the streets. He created an app called “Grecycle” where people can give away or take unwanted items for free. “Gradually we can let people know this can also be about charity and helping others.” Mr. Nan says. 1．What can we learn about Mikiko Chen from Paragraphs 2 and 3? A．She intends to make the most of throwaway items. B．She just wants to lower her consumption. C．She drew inspiration from New Yorkers. D．She is looking for valuable things. 2．Why did Mikiko Chen use the hashtag “stooping” on REDnote? A．To collect varieties of messages. B．To become an Internet celebrity quickly. C．To share something still usable with others. D．To throw away unwanted things on the“stoops”. 3．Which is closest in meaning to “stigmatize” in Paragraph 5? A．Be ashamed of. B．Be good at. C．Be accustomed to. D．Be agreeable to. 4．What is Nan Zheng’s purpose of creating the app “Grecycle” ? A．Getting unwanted items for free on “Grecycle”. B．Recycling discarded things from the streets. C．Exchanging items through “Grecycle”. D．Raising people’s awareness of charity. 参考答案 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“stooping”这一社会现象的流行及其意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The 27-year-old digital market er is among the first adopters of “stooping” in China, a practice that refers to picking up discarded furniture and other goods on the streets for re- use.(这位27岁的数字营销人员是中国首批“stooping”的实践者之一，“stooping”指的是在街上捡起废弃的家具和其他物品重新利用)”以及第三段““The core concept of stooping for me is to take full advantage of things,” Ms. Chen says. “It can help you to save money, but it’s not just about reducing consumption.” “It’s wasteful to throw away something that’s still usable; it’s better to share it with others who need it.”(“对我来说，stooping的核心理念是充分利用各种机会，”陈女士说。“它可以帮你省钱，但这不仅仅是减少消费。扔掉还能用的东西太浪费了；最好与需要的人分享。”)可知，Mikiko Chen是想充分利用那些被别人扔掉的物品。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s wasteful to throw away something that’s still usable; it’s better to share it with others who need it.(扔掉仍然可用的东西是浪费；最好与需要它的人分享)”及第四段“Ms. Chen says she was among the first to use the hashtag (话题标签) stooping on REDnote, a popular social networking platform in China. “I initially started with posting items that people no longer used and wanted to throw away or exchange… gradually I’ m receiving hundreds of messages each day.” she says.(陈女士说，她是第一批在中国流行的社交网络平台小红书上使用“stooping”标签的人之一。“一开始，我把人们不再使用、想要扔掉或交换的东西贴在网上……慢慢地，我每天都会收到数百条信息。”她说)”可知，Mikiko Chen在小红书上使用#stooping#的标签，是为了与他人分享仍然可用的东西。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“picking up things from the street or using second hand goods(从街上捡东西或使用二手物品)”以及““People like my mum consider stooping as ‘rubbish picking’ and ‘scavenging’.” she says. “She thinks that people will look down on you for doing this.”(“像我妈妈这样的人认为stooping是‘捡垃圾’和‘拾荒’。她说。“她认为人们会因为你这么做而看不起你。”)”可知，人们认为stooping是捡垃圾的行为，会因为你这么做而看不起你，推测老一辈人经常对从街上捡东西或使用二手商品感到羞耻。故划线词意思是“对……感到羞耻”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He created an app called “Grecycle” where people can give away or take unwanted items for free. “Gradually we can let people know this can also be about charity and helping others.” Mr. Nan says.( 他开发了一款名为“Grecycle”的应用程序，人们可以免费赠送或拿走不需要的物品。Nan说：“渐渐地，我们可以让人们知道，这也可以是慈善和帮助他人。”)”可知，Nan Zheng创建“Grecycle”应用程序的真正意图是增强全民慈善意识。故选D。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$