专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（山东高考模拟）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(山东专用)

备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(山东专用) 第一期 专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 基础语篇巩固练 （24-25高三下·山东·阶段练习）Mannon Gallegly may not be a famous name, but his work has had a significant impact on gardening and agriculture. Over 60 years ago, Gallegly developed the first tomato resistant to Phytophthora infestans, commonly known as tomato blight (枯萎病).This achievement led to the creation of the West Virginia 63, a tomato variety still popular worldwide, known as “the people’s tomato”. It remains a favorite in gardens from Alabama to Africa. For the first time since 1949, Gallegly missed the annual tomato planting this year after moving into a nursing home due to illness. Despite his absence, his legacy (遗产) is preserved at West Virginia University (WVU), where he worked for 38 years and developed three more resilient (适应力强的) tomato varieties. His latest creation, Mannon’s Majesty, was released this year and offered for free to West Virginians. The response was remarkable, with over 2,000 email requests for seeds, far outnumbering the supply. Gallegly grew up in rural Arkansas during the Great Depression, where his family struggled financially. Encouraged by a teacher, he pursued higher education and earned a degree in agriculture. He later obtained a master’s in plant pathology, working on a rice disease.In 1949, he joined WVU and  began researching plant diseases, including tomato blight. The following summer, his crops were devastated, as what happened during the Irish Potato Famine. However, he noticed a few wild tomato varieties showed resistance. For 13 years, Gallegly worked on developing a blight-resistant tomato, crossing those wild varieties with commercial types. In 1963, he finally succeeded, creating the West Virginia 63, which was both delicious and resistant to blight. Even after retiring in 1986, Gallegly continued his research and guided students. His contributions have inspired many, ensuring that his impact on agriculture will last for generations. 1．Why was Gallegly absent from this year’s tomato planting? A．He moved to another city. B．He suffered from a health problem. C．He was occupied researching a new project. D．He was too tired and decided to take a year off. 2．What does the underlined word “devastated” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Identified. B．Accepted. C．Promoted. D．Ruined. 3．What can we know about the West Virginia 63? A．It is free from blight. B．It is Gallegly’s latest creation. C．It is hard to grow in the garden. D．It is West Virginians’ favorite variety. 4．Which can best describe Gallegly? A．Adventurous. B．Cooperative. C．Humble. D．Devoted. （24-25高三下·山东·开学考试）Over time, deaths from cold temperatures have increased in the United States. From 1999 to 2022, the country’s age-adjusted, cold-related death rate rose from about 4 per 1 million people to 9, as a research has found. These are deaths for which exposure to the cold was the main cause or was a contributor. Among different age groups, the oldest had the highest cold-related death rate. Older people are more intolerant to the cold in part because it’s harder for their bodies to generate heat and stay warm. There was also a higher burden of cold-related deaths in some racial and ethnic groups in 2022. Among American Indian or Alaska Native people, the death rate was 63 per 1 million people. For Black people, the rate was 15 per l million. Risks from structural factors like a lack of heat are experienced by racial and ethnic minority groups. For example, 2 percent of U.S. households, on average, have insufficient heat, but that rises to 12 percent for American Indian and Alaska Native people in tribal (部落的) areas, who generally belong to low-income groups, according to a report. And research has found that Black people are more likely to live in older homes with inefficient heating systems. Exposure to overmuch cold can lead to hypothermia (体温过低), when a person’s core temperature falls below 35 degrees Celsius because the body can’t produce heat quickly enough to make up for its loss. During hypothermia, which is a medical emergency, the cardiovascular (心血管的) systems can’t function properly. The research was not designed to determine why the cold-related death rate has risen. The authors propose some factors to investigate, including whether there are ties to the increasing number of people experiencing homelessness in the United s in the United States — a major risk factor for exposure to dangerous cold — or to more frequent episodes of severe winter weather. 1．What are those figures in paragraph 1 introduced for? A．Making comparison. B．Sounding a warning. C．Introducing a topic. D．Evidencing a point. 2．What may cause higher cold-related death rates of racial and ethnic minority groups? A．Their physical qualities. B．Their financial conditions. C．The worse temperatures. D．The regional differences. 3．What is Paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．How the worse cold does harm to bodies. B．Why the cold-related death rate has risen. C．How a medical emergency can be avoided. D．Why the body systems function improperly. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A news brief. B．A book review. C．A healthcare magazine. D．A climate research paper. （24-25高三下·山东·开学考试）A biological study from Stanford University finds the diversity of life in the world’s oceans has declined over the past 145 million years during periods of extreme warming. Rising temperatures that make it hard for cold-blooded sea creatures to breathe have likely been among the biggest drivers for changes in ocean biodiversity. “What’s important about our study is not that it shows we are having a loss of diversity when ocean temperatures rise but that pattern is maintained over millions of years,” said Thomas Boag, who co-authored a study. The team found proof for that pattern in rock records for ocean animals going back to the time when the first flowering plants appeared and the Rocky Mountains began to rise. They used earth chemical data as an indicator for past temperatures. They found that in colder periods, diversity reaches its maximum at low latitudes (纬度), but in hotter periods, its maximum is at higher latitudes. This pattern has been kept over millions of years. Armed with this finding, the team developed a digital model of the relationship between ocean temperature and biodiversity of ocean animals. The results suggest ocean biodiversity increases steadily with sea surface temperature up to about 20-25℃. Up beyond that range, biodiversity drops off due to the limits of oxygen content. As temperatures rise, water’s oxygen content falls, while animals’ need for oxygen grows. Imagine a mountain climber who might need extra oxygen to reach the top. Climbers have the option to carry an oxygen tank, but ocean animals, particularly cold-blooded species that rely on the external environment to manage their body temperature, are pushed to move and even likely face extinction. The findings paint an upsetting future for ocean ecosystems at low latitudes and many coastal communities who rely on them for food in the absence of action to dramatically slow global warming. If global warming is left unchecked in the coming centuries, it would kill off many species of ocean animals and move most survivors away from the warm waters. 1．What is the major finding of the study according to Thomas Boag? A．Global temperatures change. B．Ocean biodiversity declines. C．A pattern exists in the ocean ecology. D．A distribution of ocean lives remains. 2．How did the study team learn the global temperatures in history? A．By developing a digital model. B．By consulting earth chemical data. C．By researching ocean rock records. D．By conducting logical assumptions. 3．What is the last paragraph intended to do? A．Present a warning. B．Express a feeling. C．Offer a solution. D．Stress a finding. 4．What can be a suitable title of the text? A．Biodiversity and temperature changes B．Lower temperatures, richer ocean lives C．Lower latitudes, worse biodiversity risk D．Global warming and ocean life diversity （24-25高三下·山东济南·开学考试）Climate change is largely responsible for the mass die-off of our planet’s coral reefs (珊瑚礁), as stress caused by higher water temperatures causes corals to drive away the algae (藻类) living within them. The loss of that life-giving algae isn’t the only problem, however. Stressed corals are also more likely to be infected by naturally occurring bacteria. In the past, populations of those extremely small living things were kept to manageable levels by sea cucumbers (海参), which feed on seafloor sediment (沉积物). Unfortunately, due to over-harvesting for use in the Asian seafood market, sea cucumbers are now becoming increasingly rare in many regions. In order to see just how crucial the animals are to coral health, a Georgia Tech team led by Mark Hay and Cody Clements conducted a series of field experiments in the South Pacific Ocean. Near the island of Mo’orea in French Polynesia, the scientists left existing sea cucumbers in 10 plots of sandy seabed and removed them from 10 others, then planted five coral groups in each of the plots. Those plots were subsequently inspected on a daily basis for a period of 45 days. It was ultimately found that coral death rate caused by sediment-associated diseases was 15 times greater in the sea-cucumber-less plots. Hay and Clements now hope that their findings will motivate governments and other groups to implement stricter limits on the harvesting of sea cucumbers, and to begin raising the animals for release onto corals that are in need of protection. Farmed sea cucumbers could potentially also find use in keeping fish farms clean, and possibly even delaying certain diseases. “If you remove all the sediment eaters in the great fish tank of Earth, you’re going to get a dirty tank eventually,” said Clements. “People have paid lip service to the idea that sea cucumbers could be important for a long time, but we didn’t know the scale of their importance until now.” 1．Why are sea cucumbers important for coral health? A．They directly provide nutrients to corals. B．They help to reduce disease risk to corals. C．They produce algae essential for coral life. D．They drive the harmful algae away from corals. 2．What was the key difference between the two sets of plots in the experiment? A．The presence or absence of sea cucumbers. B．The types of coral groups planted in them. C．The quantity of seafloor sediment in each plot. D．The frequency of inspections over the 45-day period. 3．What did Hay and Clements appeal for? A．A ban on seafood harvesting in the tested region. B．The establishment of new coral reserves worldwide. C．The adoption of more sea cucumber conservation practices. D．Further study on the uses of farmed sea cucumbers in medicine. 4．What do Clements’ words imply in the last paragraph? A．The importance of sea cucumbers was greatly overstated. B．Sea cucumbers were considered insignificant for a long time. C．People have already taken measures to protect sea cucumbers. D．Sea cucumbers play a vital role in keeping marine ecosystem healthy. （2025·山东·模拟预测）Scientists may be able to predict our risk of stroke by taking pictures of our eyes, according to a study published on Monday. Every 40 seconds, someone in the United States has a stroke, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates. A stroke happens when blood flow is blocked to a part of the brain, causing disability or death. Currently, doctors can assess a person’s risk of stroke only by performing invasive tests or asking about lifestyle and health factors — such as weight, diet, exercise, smoking and other health conditions, including high blood pressure and diabetes. But scientists have found a new way to predict a stroke: using photos of the eye. At the back of the eye, there is light-sensitive tissue filled with tiny blood vessels called the retina that we use to see. This intricate blood-vessel network is known to share similarities with the blood vessels in the brain, so scientists can use it to assess blood-vessel damage in the brain. An international team of ophthalmologists — eye scientists — analyzed pictures of the retinas of more than 45,000 people. They used a specialized imaging technique to help them analyze the quality of the blood vessels. They measured 118 possible differences between individuals’ retina “fingerprints”, related to the density, complexity, twistedness, angles and thickness of the blood vessels. Over an average of 12.5 years, 749 of the study participants had a stroke. They were more likely to be older, male, smokers, diabetic and overweight. They also had higher blood pressure and lower levels of good cholesterol (胆固醇). After adjusting for these known stroke risk factors and others, the scientists found that 29 measurable “fingerprint” differences were related to the risk of having a stroke for the first time. Of those, 17 were related to the density of the blood vessels, with each change in density linked with a 10 to 19 percent difference in stroke risk. The ophthalmologists concluded that retina imaging was a practical way to assess individuals’ stroke risk, especially in places where health care resources were tight. Nevertheless, this was an observational study about mainly white British participants, so its findings may not apply to people of different ethnicities. 1．What is a traditional way of assessing the risk of stroke? A．Checking blood flow. B．Designing invasive tests. C．Taking pictures of the eye. D．Inquiring health conditions. 2．How did the scientists analyze pictures of retina? A．By applying various techniques. B．By employing previous research data. C．By examining features of blood vessels. D．By measuring similarities between individuals. 3．Who is more likely to suffer a stroke? A．A woman with an active lifestyle. B．A senior with a history of brain disease. C．A man with abnormal density of blood vessels. D．A teenager with higher levels of good cholesterol. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the study? A．Impartial. B．Favorable. C．Suspicious. D．Dismissive. （2025·山东·模拟预测）Artificial intelligence-enabled voice cloning tools have made it easier for criminals to imitate strangers’ voices and trick victims into handing over large sums of money. For example, a scammer might target a victim posing as their grandchild and claiming they require cash fast. Older people who might not be familiar with new technologies such as AI can be particularly subject to these types of scams, particularly when the caller on the other line sounds identical to a loved one. In 2023, senior citizens were cheated out of roughly $3.4 billion in a range of financial crimes, according to the FBI data. The agency recently warned that AI has increased the “believability” or criminal scams by assisting with content creation and correcting human errors that might otherwise serve as warning signs of a trick. “So much of the fraud (欺诈)is based on psychology,” Chuck Herrin, field chief information security officer for F5, a security and fraud prevention firm, told CBS MoneyWatch. “They say things that bring about a fear-based emotional response because they know when humans get afraid, we get stupid and don’t exercise the best judgement.” Cybersecurity experts have a simple but effective recommendation for avoiding getting victimized by such scams: creating a family “safe word” to verify a family member or loved one’s identity. That means choosing a word or phrase that can’t be easily guessed. “It needs to be unique and should be something that’s difficult to guess,” James Scobey, chief information security officer at Keeper Security, told CBS MoneyWatch. “It shouldn’t be something that can be researched online about you or your family. Avoid street names, towns, phone numbers and individual names as part of a pass phrase.” A safe phrase, consisting of at least four words, offers a greater degree of security, he added. Using a safe word is a good first line of defense against scammers. So, any time you are asked for financial assistance, always ask for the safe word before transferring any money. 1．What is the threat posed by AI-enabled voice cloning tools? A．They help strangers create fake identities. B．They trick victims into giving away money. C．They increase the believability of a grandchild. D．They prevent victims from recovering lost funds. 2．What is the psychological strategy used in fraud? A．Inspiring physical response. B．Assisting with content creation. C．Using fright to cause poor judgement. D．Interrupting the decision-making process. 3．What does the underlined word “verify” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Expose. B．Confirm. C．Suggest. D．Represent. 4．What is recommended when creating a safe phrase? A．It should be shared with new friends. B．It should be the same for every family member. C．It should be easily recalled by family members. D．It should avoid using personal details found online. （24-25高三上·山东泰安·期末）“Neurons (神经元) that fire together, wire together.” Perhaps you have heard this oft-quoted phrase of psychologist Donald Hebb and wondered what it means. To find this out, you need to understand “neuroplasticity“ first. Your brain can change, and that process is called neuroplasticity. Stimuli (刺激) cause a response and changes in your brain. The stimuli can be external, such as taking up a new hobby, or internal, such as a golfer imagining the perfect putt (推杆) just before actually stepping up and putting. Every time your brain responds to stimuli, an electrical impulse (脉冲) causes either the formation of a new synaptic (突触的) connection or the strengthening of an existing connection. This is what Hebb meant with his theory about firing and wiring together. By contrast, if you stop doing an activity, the synaptic connection can reduce through a lack of use. There is a healthy competition always going on inside your brain to maintain synaptic connections. This is healthy because the connections being used “win” and maintain their strength. Strong connections make a task easier. This competition helps explain why 10, 000 hours of practice is presented as a path to expertise. You will have repeated an action so often and for so long that it simply becomes second nature and feels effortless. In comparison, trying a task for the first time, or picking up an old task after a long break, can feel challenging or energy-consuming at first. Why? Because the synaptic connections don’t exist or have weakened. You have to work harder to perform that task. The good news is that your healthy brain-at any age-can learn, grow, and adapt to the changing world around you. Stated differently, the old idea that you peak by 40 or 45 and from that point onwards, your mind and life go downhill is not supported by 30 years of neuroscientific research revealing a very different story about your brain’s continued growth and development through all ages. Simply put, you can be more adaptive and resilient (有复原力的) throughout your entire life if you make the right choices and take positive actions. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss? A．How Hebb’s theory works. B．Where stimuli come from. C．How an electrical impulse happens. D．Why neuroplasticity causes synaptic connection. 2．Which of the following reflects neuroplasticity? A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Practice makes perfect. C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．United we stand, divided we fall. 3．What causes beginners to find new tasks hard according to paragraph 4? A．A lack of synaptic connections. B．Limited access to necessary information. C．Poor preparation for potential difficulties. D．The huge amount of energy required for the tasks. 4．What can be concluded from years of neuroscientific research? A．Mental decline is unavoidable. B．People become less adaptive as they age. C．People can have lifelong brain development. D．Strong adaptability helps people stay positive. （24-25高三上·山东泰安·期末）MEDICATIONS (药物) like Ozempic and Wegovy may be able to reduce both chronic and acute pain. This makes these types of drugs promising safer alternatives to pain treatments such as opioids, though the effect has yet to be demonstrated in humans. Ozempic and Wegovy work by imitating a hormone released after eating known as GLP-1, which reduces appetite and regulates blood sugar levels. While these medications are only approved for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes, studies have shown that they have a surprisingly wide range of effects: they have shown promise for helping to treat other conditions from Alzheimer’s disease to mental health conditions to addiction. Previous research has shown that animals experience less pain after eating. This prompted Yong Ho Kim at Gachon University in South Korea and his colleagues to investigate whether GLP-1 could be mediating (引起) this effect. The researchers treated five mice with GLP-1 and then measured how quickly the animals removed their paw from a heated surface. They found that, on average, mice kept their paw on the heated surface for roughly 1.25 times as long as they did when they weren’t treated with GLP-1. This wasn’t the case for a separate group of animals treated with salt water, suggesting the hormone reduces sensitivity to pain. They did further measurements of neural activity and found that GLP-1 blocks a receptor (受体) in nerves called TRPV1, which is crucial for reducing pain. Kim and his team identified the molecule (分子) on GLP-1 that joins to this receptor and then treated six mice with a synthetic (合成的) version of this molecule called exendin 9-39. On average, the animals took about 1. 25 times as long to remove their paw from a hot beam of light when treated with the molecule than when they weren’t. This effect lasted for up to 2 hours after the mice received treatment. Further study showed that exendin 9-39 was effective at treating other types of pain in mice, including nerve pain and chronic pain. The molecule also didn’t produce any metabolic effects, such as reducing blood sugar levels or controlling appetite. That is because it specially targets TRPV1, says Kim, who presented these findings at an October meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Chicago. 1．What diseases are Ozempic and Wegovy mainly used to treat? A．Chronic and acute pain. B．Obesity and type 2 diabetes. C．Addition to drugs and nerve pain. D．Alzheimer’s disease and mental health conditions. 2．What does the underlined word “prompted” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Required. B．Forced. C．Discouraged. D．Motivated. 3．How did GLP-1 affect the sense of pain in mice? A．By reducing appetite and regulating blood sugar levels. B．By preventing a receptor in nerves called TRPV1. C．By separating the molecules on GLP-1. D．By producing metabolic effects. 4．Which is possibly the most suitable title for this passage? A．The Inspiration from GLP-1. B．Measurements of neural activity. C．Potential Pain Treatments of Weight-loss Drugs. D．A Synthetic Version of Molecule-Exendin 9-39. （2025·山东·一模）The new building of the Sanxingdui Museum is crowded with visitors, with many drawn to a bronze figure with a twisted head. Tourists stop to admire the remarkable artifact (文物), which was unearthed by archaeologist Xu Danyang. After graduating from Peking University, Xu has been working for the Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute, leading the excavation of Pit No 4 where the statue was found. The 29-year-old emphasizes that archaeological excavation is arduous (艰辛的) but he still finds the thrill of discovering new relics to be unforgettable. To increase awareness of cultural heritage diversity, April 18 has been set by UNESCO as the International Day for Monuments and Sites. Like Xu, many young Chinese people are taking on a more significant role in excavating, exploring, protecting and promoting cultural relics. Born in 1992, Zhang Bin has served as a guide at Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum for over 10 years. He sets himself apart from other guides by incorporating techniques from traditional Chinese comedy xiangsheng, or crosstalk, into his explanations. He views his role as not just a job but a legacy, being the third generation in his family to work with the Terracotta Warriors. His grandfather was among the museum’s founding builders while his uncle is a professor in an archaeological team based there. Now, it’s Zhang’s turn to become a storyteller of the Terracotta Warriors. Wu Yunjie, a Chinese blogger born in the 1990s, offers followers dynamic insights into the beauty of Chinese civilization through his acclaimed (广受好评的) “national cultural relics map” which has gone viral online. Since 2020, Wu has marked nearly 10,000 cultural heritage locations, including temples, ancient pagodas, traditional residences, bridges and towers on a dynamic map. Dots of varying colors represent different levels of cultural heritage protection and museum grades. Together, they form “the most distinct colors” on our land, Wu told the website of the Ezhou government. Looking ahead, Wu aims to refine and update the map based on suggestions from internet users, desiring to eventually share the valuable resource with other history and culture enthusiasts. 1．Which words can describe Xu Danyang’s feeling about archaeological excavation? A．Annoying and struggling. B．Boring but rewarding. C．Painstaking but exciting. D．Creative and diligent. 2．What makes Zhang Bin different from other guides? A．Offering dynamic insights into the beauty of Chinese civilization. B．Integrating comedy techniques into his interpretation. C．Marking cultural heritage locations on a dynamic map. D．Increasing people’s awareness of cultural heritage diversity. 3．What is Wu Yunjie’s new vision for the future? A．To adopt the proposals of netizens to refresh the map. B．To become a storyteller of the Terracotta Warriors. C．To collaborate with Internet users to refine the map. D．To mark more heritage locations on a dynamic map. 4．What does the author want to convey in the text? A．The significance of promoting cultural heritage. B．Chinese young people’s efforts to promote cultural heritage. C．The importance of increasing awareness of cultural heritage. D．The challenges of promoting and protecting cultural heritage. （2025·山东·一模）The construction site of the future is already here as homes, office buildings and industrial sites go up around the country. Robots that can lay bricks, put up drywall and tie rebar (钢筋) are engaging in at a time when the construction industry is in major transformation. Meanwhile, start-ups are pouring even more resources into the field, including building robots that survey and monitor as well as heavy machinery that can operate on its own. They are hoping to automate a complicated field involving moving parts and vastly different sites and buildings. Fueling the wave on innovation is a construction crisis. Building costs are rising, and hundreds of thousands of jobs remain unfilled. Those who are in the industry are getting older and working under sometimes deadly conditions. Consequently, federal money is pouring in to build better infrastructure. The confluence (汇合)of factors have created a situation where more construction firms are turning to robots to automate work on job sites. Still, the burst of activity caused several workforce experts to become concerned that it could lead to job losses or a situation where people who work alongside these robots are left working more quickly and in more unsafe work environments. Robots are no stranger in the industry. Amazon uses a lot of robots in its operations, from the Roomba-like Kiva that moves packages, to Sparrow, which grasps things with human like flexibility. But the dynamics in construction have been different, Johnson-Roberson said. The home-building industry has been slower, because much of the tasks require fine motor control, which robots have had a harder time doing, he added. Nik Theodore, the director of the Center for Urban Economic Development at the University of Illinois in Chicago, said the robots could hold promise if they can automate the often injury-suffering and deadly tasks construction workers have “in a very dangerous industry with large numbers of deaths.” But the concern, he said, is “the temptation (诱惑)” for automation to speed up job tasks and increase worker exhaustion, leading to a situation where burnout and injuries occur more, not less. 1．Why are start-ups investing resources into the construction field? A．To replace humans’ work. B．To monitor construction workers. C．To survey the application of the robots. D．To achieve automation in the field. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 5? A．Robots can only be applied to some big-scale projects. B．Home-building industry needs human workers’ involvement. C．Big-scale projects need training robots rather than human workers. D．Robots have an advantage over human workers in the construction. 3．What is Nik Theodore’s attitude towards the robots? A．Objective. B．Critical. C．Promising. D．Subjective. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The popularity of the robots. B．The development of the robots in the industry. C．The application of robots in building houses. D．The rise of the construction industry. （24-25高三上·山东德州·期末）New research indicates that our brains divide daily memories not only based on environmental shifts but also on personal experiences and priorities. A Columbia University research, led by Baldassano, a professor of psychology, has shown that we may have more control over our memory organization than previously thought. The study, published in Current Biology on October 3, challenges the idea that memory segmentation (分区) is driven by environmental changes. The team proposed that the boundaries between different scenes are shaped by our past experiences and emotional responses to events. To test their hypothesis, the researchers created 16 short audios, each with four locations and social situations. While participants listened to audios, researchers used fMRI (磁共振) to monitor brain activity, particularly in the mPFC (内侧前额叶皮质), an area associated with perception and interpretation of our surroundings. The scans revealed that mPFC activity increased during key social event changes. However, participants’s egmentation of events could be altered by directing their attention to different details. The study also found that participants’ memory of the audios varied based on what they were asked to focus on. When they were asked to recall the part of the audio they were not asked to pay attention to, they forgot many details. This suggests that our memory is selective and influenced by our attention. “We can choose what we pay attention to and what we remember. This means that, in many ways, we control the memory of our own experiences.” Baldassano noted. The implications of this research are significant for understanding memory-related issues, such as stress disorder, dementia, and normal aging. The study suggests memory-based treatments shouldn’t just focus on any shift to improve long-term memory. Attention should be directed toward key moments to help people better understand and remember what matters most. While it is not clear how allowing people to freely recall their experiences can change the way they frame their memories, this study opens new avenues for understanding how we remember our daily lives. 1．What aspect did Baldassano stress about memory segmentation? A．Personal priorities. B．Environmental changes. C．Emotional treatments. D．Boundaries between scenes. 2．How did the researchers test their theory? A．Interviewing participants’ daily experiences. B．Recording people’s memories of past events. C．Monitoring brain activities about some audios. D．Comparing individuals’ different environments. 3．What happened when participants were guided to some details? A．They intended to collect more details. B．They became confused in brain activities. C．They ignored other details unconsciously. D．They preferred to concentrate on the audios. 4．What does Baldassano suggest about memory-based treatments? A．Improving long-term memory. B．Emphasizing environmental shifts. C．Making use of the flexibility of memory. D．Collecting plenty of specific memory details. （24-25高三上·山东德州·期末）A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images, emotions and themes. In a recent experiment, the researchers tasked OpenAI’s ChatGPT with generating poems in the styles of famous poets, then presented 1,634 participants with ten poems — five human-written and five chatbot-generated — and assessed how people rated the poems based on 14 qualities, including rhythm and originality. Interestingly, they tended to rate the AI-generated poems higher on average, suggesting a preference for their straightforwardness and clarity. Why readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry is not entirely clear, but the researchers’ best guess is that the AI poems may be more appealing because they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. “Emily Dickinson sometimes breaks the expected rhyme scheme (韵律) on purpose,” says Brian Porter, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh, “But the AI-generated poems in her style never did that once.” Besides, modern readers don’t seem to want to bother themselves to read deep to think critically. Instead, they prefer texts giving them instant answers. “When readers say they prefer AI poetry, they would seem to be showing their frustration when faced with writing that does not yield to their attention,” he adds. While the findings raise concerns about AI potentially replacing human artists and putting them out of work one day, Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems. “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky says, “If they read AI poems and like that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They have a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.” This study provided a platform for the intersection of technology and creativity, prompting reflection on the future of poetry and artistic expression. 1．Why did the researchers conduct the experiment? A．To create a technique. B．To clarify a concept. C．To detail an example. D．To confirm a finding. 2．What does the example of Emily Dickinson imply? A．Robots are more complicated than humans. B．AI meets modern readers’ reading preference. C．Chatbot is trained to write in creative patterns. D．Classic poetry lacks unique charming features. 3．Which belief does Dorothea Lasky have about poetry? A．All flowers bloom together. B．No dish suits all tastes. C．It’s no use crying over spilt milk. D．Time and tide wait for no man. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Will Poets Be lost in AI Era? B．ChatGPT: a New Advancement C．Fake or Real — a Concern about AI D．ChatGPT or Dickinson, Who is better? （24-25高三下·山东德州·开学考试）Stanford University has recently conducted a remarkable study that may hold the key to renewing the aging brain. The research, published in the renowned journal Nature, focused on the GLUT4 gene. In the normal aging process, neural stem cells (干细胞) in the brain, which are responsible for generating new neurons (神经元), gradually lose their activity. This decline leads to a reduction in the production of new neurons, subsequently resulting in a worsening memory and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The Stanford team, led by Professor Anne Brunet, set out to explore ways to change this trend. Using the powerful CRISPR gene-editing technology, the researchers screened 300 genes related to the activity of neural stem cells in mice. This was a painstaking and time-consuming task that required thorough attention to detail. After a complex process of removal and confirmation, they eventually identified the GLUT4 gene. This gene plays a crucial role in transporting glucose (葡萄糖) into cells. Interestingly, in the aged brain, neural stem cells are surrounded by high levels of glucose, which might be the cause of their inactivity. To test their theory, the dedicated research team attentively knocked out the GLUT4 gene in the brains of old mice. Astonishingly, after a few weeks of close observation and detailed analysis, they observed a remarkable doubling in the number of new neurons in the olfactory bulbs (嗅球) of these mice. This unexpected yet significant finding strongly suggests that by precisely regulating glucose levels, it is potentially possible to effectively reactivate the neural stem cells in the aging brain and powerfully stimulate the generation of new neurons. This research not only opens up new avenues for the development of drugs and gene treatments aimed at promoting neuronal regeneration in the aged or damaged brain but also implies that simple lifestyle advice, such as a low-carbohydrate (碳水化合物) diet, might potentially activate neural stem cells. It is a significant step forward in our understanding of brain health and offers hope for maintaining cognitive function in the elderly. 1．What was the motivation of the Stanford researchers? A．To prove neural stem cell decline is unavoidable. B．To find ways to speed up the normal aging process. C．To turn around the trend of neural stem cells decline. D．To study the working behavior of neurons in the brain. 2．What is the function of the GLUT4 gene? A．It affects the delivery of glucose in cells. B．It decreases the number of anti-aging cells. C．It changes the structure of neural stem cells. D．It keeps neural stem cells from some diseases. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The relationship between diet and new neurons. B．The process of observing new neurons in old mice. C．The application of the GLUT4 gene in medical fields. D．The experiment to test the assumption about GLUT4 gene. 4．Why is a low-carbohydrate diet mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To unlock the secret of the aging brain. B．To show an application of the new research. C．To confirm the significance of a healthy diet. D．To demonstrate the drawback of the research. 重难语篇拔高练 （24-25高三下·山东济南·开学考试）Photographer Ashley Suszczynski traces back her passion for art to her childhood years. Particularly, to making puppets (木偶) out of brown paper bags and throwing shows with her grandma. This later evolved into a love of science fiction and escaping to adventure lands populated by mythical creatures. This feeling of wonder runs through her project Masked masquerade (蒙面舞会) series, which sees her travelling through Europe to record a visually striking branch of ancient folk customs. “Several years ago, I saw photographs of a masquerade in the north of Spain called ‘La Vijanera,’” Suszczynski says. “The characters looked like those I had imagined from the pages of my childhood stories. There was everything from fur-covered creatures to masked tree fairies and spirits of the woodlands. I flew to Spain for a week to attend, and just like that, a passion was born.” After this, Suszczynski began researching more European masked masquerades, hoping to learn about their history, characters, and symbolism. The festivals typically celebrated common themes involving seasonal change, life, and happiness. “In each masquerade I feels like being transported into a different fairy tale novel from my childhood. It is an honor that instead of simply escaping into these fantastic stories, I can now share them through my photographs,” she shares. The project has taken her to Spain, Bulgaria, and Portugal, where she has photographed groups with designed costumes and masks. For Suszczynski, the entire process is a wild ride. “When I plan a ‘trip’ it’s usually around an event, and I’ll go to the event — the carnival, the parade, whatever it is — but that’s only the tip of the iceberg. That is the foot in the door,” she says. Besides, she tries her best to overcome the language barrier. But the photographer describes the whole process as an adventure worth paying. “I’ll have friends for life made from these photos. I am so thankful for each and every person I have photographed. They love to teach about their culture. They love for people to learn about their culture, to bring it to light,” Suszczynski concludes. 1．What is the primary focus of Ashley Suszczynski’s Masked masquerade series? A．Documenting creature evolution in Europe. B．Recording modern European street fashion. C．Exploring masking traditions through photos. D．Investigating the history of puppet shows in Europe. 2．What did Suszczynski mainly intend to show in paragraph 2? A．The origin of the project. B．Her childhood stories. C．A masquerade in Spain. D．The background of her works. 3．How does Suszczynski feel about her work on the project? A．Tough and embarrassing. B．Relaxing but dangerous. C．Meaningful and effortless. D．Challenging but rewarding. 4．What can we know about the people photographed by Suszczynski from the last paragraph? A．They share a common interest in photography. B．They are actively involved in spreading their culture. C．They got financial returns offered by Suszczynski. D．They appreciate being integrated with other cultures. （24-25高三下·山东济南·开学考试）“Zero distractions.” That’s what Cal Newport, author of Digital Minimalism: Choosing a Focused Life in a Noisy World, says is required to have a session of focused productivity he calls “deep work.” Are zero-distraction moments even available to most of us these days? After all, every technical innovation that makes our lives more convenient, like phones and apps and streaming entertainment, is built for a multi-tasking lifestyle. Listen to music. Add to your grocery list. Press “buy” on an online shopping cart. Reserve a table for this weekend. All of these are things many of us do at the same time — and all too often while we’re doing something else, like working. Newport described the snags of this lifestyle in an interview with The New York Times: “Every time you switch your attention from one target to another and then back again, there’s a cost. This switching creates an effect that psychologists call attention residue (残留), which can reduce your cognitive (认知的) capacity for a substantial amount of time before it clears. If you constantly make ‘quick checks’ of various devices and inboxes, you essentially keep yourself in a state of persistent attention residue, which is a terrible idea if you’re someone who uses your brain to make a living.” Instead of moving quickly from activity to activity, Newport urges us to actively make time for “deep work” every day, time when we are engaged in cognitively challenging tasks without interruption from anything else. This could be knitting or reading or learning a language or meeting a professional goal. The important part is that it needs to be an activity you can commit to investing your energy in wholeheartedly. Getting in the habit of working deeply will, says Newport, lead you to the unavoidable conclusion that “concentration is a super power.” What in your life would you like to approach with a “deep work” mentality? 1．What can be inferred about zero-distractions moments from paragraph 2? A．They are available to most people. B．They result from technical innovation. C．Most people don’t need them at all. D．It is hard to obtain them nowadays. 2．What does the underlined word “snags” mean in paragraph 3? A．Disadvantages. B．Features. C．Potentials. D．Principles. 3．What does Newport recommend doing according to the text? A．Reducing the use of technology. B．Doing one thing deeply at a time. C．Listening to music while working. D．Balancing multiple activities effectively. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．Multitasking: A Modern Lifestyle B．The Challenges of Zero Distractions C．Deep Work: The Key to Focused Productivity D．The Power of Attention Residue in a Noisy World 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(山东专用) 第一期 专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 基础语篇巩固练 （24-25高三下·山东·阶段练习）Mannon Gallegly may not be a famous name, but his work has had a significant impact on gardening and agriculture. Over 60 years ago, Gallegly developed the first tomato resistant to Phytophthora infestans, commonly known as tomato blight (枯萎病).This achievement led to the creation of the West Virginia 63, a tomato variety still popular worldwide, known as “the people’s tomato”. It remains a favorite in gardens from Alabama to Africa. For the first time since 1949, Gallegly missed the annual tomato planting this year after moving into a nursing home due to illness. Despite his absence, his legacy (遗产) is preserved at West Virginia University (WVU), where he worked for 38 years and developed three more resilient (适应力强的) tomato varieties. His latest creation, Mannon’s Majesty, was released this year and offered for free to West Virginians. The response was remarkable, with over 2,000 email requests for seeds, far outnumbering the supply. Gallegly grew up in rural Arkansas during the Great Depression, where his family struggled financially. Encouraged by a teacher, he pursued higher education and earned a degree in agriculture. He later obtained a master’s in plant pathology, working on a rice disease.In 1949, he joined WVU and  began researching plant diseases, including tomato blight. The following summer, his crops were devastated, as what happened during the Irish Potato Famine. However, he noticed a few wild tomato varieties showed resistance. For 13 years, Gallegly worked on developing a blight-resistant tomato, crossing those wild varieties with commercial types. In 1963, he finally succeeded, creating the West Virginia 63, which was both delicious and resistant to blight. Even after retiring in 1986, Gallegly continued his research and guided students. His contributions have inspired many, ensuring that his impact on agriculture will last for generations. 1．Why was Gallegly absent from this year’s tomato planting? A．He moved to another city. B．He suffered from a health problem. C．He was occupied researching a new project. D．He was too tired and decided to take a year off. 2．What does the underlined word “devastated” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Identified. B．Accepted. C．Promoted. D．Ruined. 3．What can we know about the West Virginia 63? A．It is free from blight. B．It is Gallegly’s latest creation. C．It is hard to grow in the garden. D．It is West Virginians’ favorite variety. 4．Which can best describe Gallegly? A．Adventurous. B．Cooperative. C．Humble. D．Devoted. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Mannon Gallegly的生平、成就以及对园艺和农业的贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For the first time since 1949, Gallegly missed the annual tomato planting this year after moving into a nursing home due to illness.(自1949年以来，Gallegly今年因生病住进疗养院而首次错过了每年的番茄种植)”可知，Gallegly缺席的原因是健康问题。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“as what happened during the Irish Potato Famine(像爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒期间)”可推测，他的庄稼被毁坏了。划线词为“毁灭、破坏”之意。选项D“ruined(毁灭)”与此相符。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In 1963, he finally succeeded, creating the West Virginia 63, which was both delicious and resistant to blight.(1963年，他终于成功了，培育出了既美味又抗枯萎病的“西弗吉尼亚63号”)”可知，“西弗吉尼亚63号”能够抵抗枯萎病。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Even after retiring in 1986, Gallegly continued his research and guided students. His contributions have inspired many, ensuring that his impact on agriculture will last for generations.(即使在1986年退休后，Gallegly仍继续他的研究并指导学生。他的贡献激励了许多人，确保他对农业的影响将延续数代)”可知，Gallegly在农业领域有着杰出的贡献，即使退休后仍然继续他的研究和指导学生，这表明他非常专注于他的事业。故选D。 （24-25高三下·山东·开学考试）Over time, deaths from cold temperatures have increased in the United States. From 1999 to 2022, the country’s age-adjusted, cold-related death rate rose from about 4 per 1 million people to 9, as a research has found. These are deaths for which exposure to the cold was the main cause or was a contributor. Among different age groups, the oldest had the highest cold-related death rate. Older people are more intolerant to the cold in part because it’s harder for their bodies to generate heat and stay warm. There was also a higher burden of cold-related deaths in some racial and ethnic groups in 2022. Among American Indian or Alaska Native people, the death rate was 63 per 1 million people. For Black people, the rate was 15 per l million. Risks from structural factors like a lack of heat are experienced by racial and ethnic minority groups. For example, 2 percent of U.S. households, on average, have insufficient heat, but that rises to 12 percent for American Indian and Alaska Native people in tribal (部落的) areas, who generally belong to low-income groups, according to a report. And research has found that Black people are more likely to live in older homes with inefficient heating systems. Exposure to overmuch cold can lead to hypothermia (体温过低), when a person’s core temperature falls below 35 degrees Celsius because the body can’t produce heat quickly enough to make up for its loss. During hypothermia, which is a medical emergency, the cardiovascular (心血管的) systems can’t function properly. The research was not designed to determine why the cold-related death rate has risen. The authors propose some factors to investigate, including whether there are ties to the increasing number of people experiencing homelessness in the United s in the United States — a major risk factor for exposure to dangerous cold — or to more frequent episodes of severe winter weather. 1．What are those figures in paragraph 1 introduced for? A．Making comparison. B．Sounding a warning. C．Introducing a topic. D．Evidencing a point. 2．What may cause higher cold-related death rates of racial and ethnic minority groups? A．Their physical qualities. B．Their financial conditions. C．The worse temperatures. D．The regional differences. 3．What is Paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．How the worse cold does harm to bodies. B．Why the cold-related death rate has risen. C．How a medical emergency can be avoided. D．Why the body systems function improperly. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A news brief. B．A book review. C．A healthcare magazine. D．A climate research paper. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项关于美国因感冒死亡的人数有所增加的研究并解释了背后的原因。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over time, deaths from cold temperatures have increased in the United States. From 1999 to 2022, the country’s age-adjusted, cold-related death rate rose from about 4 per 1 million people to 9, as a research has found.(随着时间的推移，美国因感冒死亡的人数有所增加。一项研究发现，从1999年到2022年，该国经年龄调整的与感冒相关的死亡率从每100万人中约4人上升到9人)”可知，文章开头指出美国因感冒死亡的人数有所增加，接着用一项研究的数据加以证实，故第一段提到这些数据是为了证明一个观点，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Risks from structural factors like a lack of heat are experienced by racial and ethnic minority groups. For example, 2 percent of U.S. households, on average, have insufficient heat, but that rises to 12 percent for American Indian and Alaska Native people in tribal (部落的) areas, who generally belong to low-income groups, according to a report. And research has found that Black people are more likely to live in older homes with inefficient heating systems.(缺乏热量等结构性因素带来的风险是种族和少数民族群体所经历的。例如，根据一份报告，平均有2%的美国家庭暖气不足，但在部落地区的美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民中，这一比例上升到12%，他们通常属于低收入群体。研究发现，黑人更有可能住在供暖系统效率低下的老房子里)”可知，少数种族群体通常属于低收入群体，所以缺少供暖，导致他们与感冒相关的死亡率更高，故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容“Exposure to overmuch cold can lead to hypothermia (体温过低), when a person’s core temperature falls below 35 degrees Celsius because the body can’t produce heat quickly enough to make up for its loss. During hypothermia, which is a medical emergency, the cardiovascular (心血管的) systems can’t function properly.(暴露在太冷的环境中会导致体温过低，当一个人的核心温度降到35摄氏度以下时，因为身体不能足够快地产生热量来弥补损失。体温过低是一种医疗紧急情况，在这种情况下，心血管系统无法正常工作)”可知，本段主要讲述严寒是如何伤害身体的，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over time, deaths from cold temperatures have increased in the United States. From 1999 to 2022, the country’s age-adjusted, cold-related death rate rose from about 4 per 1 million people to 9, as a research has found.(随着时间的推移，美国因感冒死亡的人数有所增加。一项研究发现，从1999年到2022年，该国经年龄调整的与感冒相关的死亡率从每100万人中约4人上升到9人)”可知，文章主要讲述一项关于美国因感冒死亡的人数有所增加的研究并解释了背后的原因，应是出自一本保健杂志，故选C。 （24-25高三下·山东·开学考试）A biological study from Stanford University finds the diversity of life in the world’s oceans has declined over the past 145 million years during periods of extreme warming. Rising temperatures that make it hard for cold-blooded sea creatures to breathe have likely been among the biggest drivers for changes in ocean biodiversity. “What’s important about our study is not that it shows we are having a loss of diversity when ocean temperatures rise but that pattern is maintained over millions of years,” said Thomas Boag, who co-authored a study. The team found proof for that pattern in rock records for ocean animals going back to the time when the first flowering plants appeared and the Rocky Mountains began to rise. They used earth chemical data as an indicator for past temperatures. They found that in colder periods, diversity reaches its maximum at low latitudes (纬度), but in hotter periods, its maximum is at higher latitudes. This pattern has been kept over millions of years. Armed with this finding, the team developed a digital model of the relationship between ocean temperature and biodiversity of ocean animals. The results suggest ocean biodiversity increases steadily with sea surface temperature up to about 20-25℃. Up beyond that range, biodiversity drops off due to the limits of oxygen content. As temperatures rise, water’s oxygen content falls, while animals’ need for oxygen grows. Imagine a mountain climber who might need extra oxygen to reach the top. Climbers have the option to carry an oxygen tank, but ocean animals, particularly cold-blooded species that rely on the external environment to manage their body temperature, are pushed to move and even likely face extinction. The findings paint an upsetting future for ocean ecosystems at low latitudes and many coastal communities who rely on them for food in the absence of action to dramatically slow global warming. If global warming is left unchecked in the coming centuries, it would kill off many species of ocean animals and move most survivors away from the warm waters. 1．What is the major finding of the study according to Thomas Boag? A．Global temperatures change. B．Ocean biodiversity declines. C．A pattern exists in the ocean ecology. D．A distribution of ocean lives remains. 2．How did the study team learn the global temperatures in history? A．By developing a digital model. B．By consulting earth chemical data. C．By researching ocean rock records. D．By conducting logical assumptions. 3．What is the last paragraph intended to do? A．Present a warning. B．Express a feeling. C．Offer a solution. D．Stress a finding. 4．What can be a suitable title of the text? A．Biodiversity and temperature changes B．Lower temperatures, richer ocean lives C．Lower latitudes, worse biodiversity risk D．Global warming and ocean life diversity 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是关于全球变暖对海洋生物多样性影响的研究，以及由此引发的对未来海洋生态系统和沿海社区的担忧。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“What’s important about our study is not that it shows we are having a loss of diversity when ocean temperatures rise but that pattern is maintained over millions of years(我们研究的重要之处不在于它表明当海洋温度上升时，我们正在失去多样性，而是这种模式在数百万年的时间里一直保持着)”可知，Thomas Boag认为这项研究的主要发现是海洋生态中存在着一种模式。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“They used earth chemical data as an indicator for past temperatures.(他们使用地球化学数据作为过去温度的指标。)”可知，研究小组是通过查阅地球化学数据得知历史上的全球气温的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings paint an upsetting future for ocean ecosystems at low latitudes and many coastal communities who rely on them for food in the absence of action to dramatically slow global warming. If global warming is left unchecked in the coming centuries, it would kill off many species of ocean animals and move most survivors away from the warm waters.(这些发现为低纬度地区的海洋生态系统和许多依赖海洋食物的沿海社区描绘了一个令人不安的未来，如果不采取行动显著减缓全球变暖。如果全球变暖在未来的几个世纪里不受控制，它将杀死许多海洋动物物种，并使大多数幸存者离开温暖的水域。)”可知，如果不采取行动减缓全球变暖，会有很多海洋物种死亡，并导致幸存者离开温暖水域。由此推知，最后一段主要是给我们提出警告。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A biological study from Stanford University finds the diversity of life in the world’s oceans has declined over the past 145 million years during periods of extreme warming. Rising temperatures that make it hard for cold-blooded sea creatures to breathe have likely been among the biggest drivers for changes in ocean biodiversity.(斯坦福大学的一项生物学研究发现，在过去1.45亿年的极端变暖时期，世界海洋生物的多样性有所下降。气温上升使冷血海洋生物难以呼吸，这可能是海洋生物多样性变化的最大驱动因素之一。)”可知，本文主要讲的是关于全球变暖对海洋生物多样性影响的研究，以及由此引发的对未来海洋生态系统和沿海社区的担忧，因此最恰当的标题是D选项“Global warming and ocean life diversity(全球变暖和海洋生物多样性)”。故选D。 （24-25高三下·山东济南·开学考试）Climate change is largely responsible for the mass die-off of our planet’s coral reefs (珊瑚礁), as stress caused by higher water temperatures causes corals to drive away the algae (藻类) living within them. The loss of that life-giving algae isn’t the only problem, however. Stressed corals are also more likely to be infected by naturally occurring bacteria. In the past, populations of those extremely small living things were kept to manageable levels by sea cucumbers (海参), which feed on seafloor sediment (沉积物). Unfortunately, due to over-harvesting for use in the Asian seafood market, sea cucumbers are now becoming increasingly rare in many regions. In order to see just how crucial the animals are to coral health, a Georgia Tech team led by Mark Hay and Cody Clements conducted a series of field experiments in the South Pacific Ocean. Near the island of Mo’orea in French Polynesia, the scientists left existing sea cucumbers in 10 plots of sandy seabed and removed them from 10 others, then planted five coral groups in each of the plots. Those plots were subsequently inspected on a daily basis for a period of 45 days. It was ultimately found that coral death rate caused by sediment-associated diseases was 15 times greater in the sea-cucumber-less plots. Hay and Clements now hope that their findings will motivate governments and other groups to implement stricter limits on the harvesting of sea cucumbers, and to begin raising the animals for release onto corals that are in need of protection. Farmed sea cucumbers could potentially also find use in keeping fish farms clean, and possibly even delaying certain diseases. “If you remove all the sediment eaters in the great fish tank of Earth, you’re going to get a dirty tank eventually,” said Clements. “People have paid lip service to the idea that sea cucumbers could be important for a long time, but we didn’t know the scale of their importance until now.” 1．Why are sea cucumbers important for coral health? A．They directly provide nutrients to corals. B．They help to reduce disease risk to corals. C．They produce algae essential for coral life. D．They drive the harmful algae away from corals. 2．What was the key difference between the two sets of plots in the experiment? A．The presence or absence of sea cucumbers. B．The types of coral groups planted in them. C．The quantity of seafloor sediment in each plot. D．The frequency of inspections over the 45-day period. 3．What did Hay and Clements appeal for? A．A ban on seafood harvesting in the tested region. B．The establishment of new coral reserves worldwide. C．The adoption of more sea cucumber conservation practices. D．Further study on the uses of farmed sea cucumbers in medicine. 4．What do Clements’ words imply in the last paragraph? A．The importance of sea cucumbers was greatly overstated. B．Sea cucumbers were considered insignificant for a long time. C．People have already taken measures to protect sea cucumbers. D．Sea cucumbers play a vital role in keeping marine ecosystem healthy. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海参通过吃海底沉积物来控制那些可能感染珊瑚的微生物种群数量，减少疾病危害，起到维持珊瑚健康的作用，研究人员呼吁加强海参保护以维护珊瑚礁生态。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Stressed corals are also more likely to be infected by naturally occurring bacteria. In the past, populations of those extremely small living things were kept to manageable levels by sea cucumbers (海参), which feed on seafloor sediment (沉积物). (压力大的珊瑚也更容易受到天然存在的细菌感染。过去，这些极其微小的生物数量被海参控制在可管理的水平，因为海参以海底沉积物为食)”可知，海参对珊瑚的健康很重要，因为它们有助于减少珊瑚患病的风险。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Near the island of Mo’orea in French Polynesia, the scientists left existing sea cucumbers in 10 plots of sandy seabed and removed them from 10 others, then planted five coral groups in each of the plots. (在法属波利尼西亚的茉莉雅岛附近，科学家们将现有的海参留在10块沙质海床上，并从另外10块中移除，然后在每块海床上种植了五组珊瑚)”可知，进行实验的两组海床地块的关键区别在于有无海参。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Hay and Clements now hope that their findings will motivate governments and other groups to implement stricter limits on the harvesting of sea cucumbers, and to begin raising the animals for release onto corals that are in need of protection. (Hay和Clements现在希望他们的发现能激励政府和其他组织对海参的捕捞实施更严格的限制，并开始养殖海参，将其放生到需要保护的珊瑚上)”可知，Hay和Clements呼吁采取更多措施保护海参。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Clements所说的话“If you remove all the sediment eaters in the great fish tank of Earth, you’re going to get a dirty tank eventually (如果你在地球这个大鱼缸里清除所有的沉积物食用者，最终你会得到一个肮脏的鱼缸)”可知，Clements用鱼缸清洁这一比喻形象地说明如果把处理沉积物的海参移除了，海洋环境就会变差。由此可知，海参在维持健康海洋环境方面起着至关重要的作用。故选D项。 （2025·山东·模拟预测）Scientists may be able to predict our risk of stroke by taking pictures of our eyes, according to a study published on Monday. Every 40 seconds, someone in the United States has a stroke, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates. A stroke happens when blood flow is blocked to a part of the brain, causing disability or death. Currently, doctors can assess a person’s risk of stroke only by performing invasive tests or asking about lifestyle and health factors — such as weight, diet, exercise, smoking and other health conditions, including high blood pressure and diabetes. But scientists have found a new way to predict a stroke: using photos of the eye. At the back of the eye, there is light-sensitive tissue filled with tiny blood vessels called the retina that we use to see. This intricate blood-vessel network is known to share similarities with the blood vessels in the brain, so scientists can use it to assess blood-vessel damage in the brain. An international team of ophthalmologists — eye scientists — analyzed pictures of the retinas of more than 45,000 people. They used a specialized imaging technique to help them analyze the quality of the blood vessels. They measured 118 possible differences between individuals’ retina “fingerprints”, related to the density, complexity, twistedness, angles and thickness of the blood vessels. Over an average of 12.5 years, 749 of the study participants had a stroke. They were more likely to be older, male, smokers, diabetic and overweight. They also had higher blood pressure and lower levels of good cholesterol (胆固醇). After adjusting for these known stroke risk factors and others, the scientists found that 29 measurable “fingerprint” differences were related to the risk of having a stroke for the first time. Of those, 17 were related to the density of the blood vessels, with each change in density linked with a 10 to 19 percent difference in stroke risk. The ophthalmologists concluded that retina imaging was a practical way to assess individuals’ stroke risk, especially in places where health care resources were tight. Nevertheless, this was an observational study about mainly white British participants, so its findings may not apply to people of different ethnicities. 1．What is a traditional way of assessing the risk of stroke? A．Checking blood flow. B．Designing invasive tests. C．Taking pictures of the eye. D．Inquiring health conditions. 2．How did the scientists analyze pictures of retina? A．By applying various techniques. B．By employing previous research data. C．By examining features of blood vessels. D．By measuring similarities between individuals. 3．Who is more likely to suffer a stroke? A．A woman with an active lifestyle. B．A senior with a history of brain disease. C．A man with abnormal density of blood vessels. D．A teenager with higher levels of good cholesterol. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the study? A．Impartial. B．Favorable. C．Suspicious. D．Dismissive. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明科学家可能通过拍摄眼睛的照片来预测人们中风的风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Currently, doctors can assess a person’s risk of stroke only by performing invasive tests or asking about lifestyle and health factors-such as weight, diet, exercise, smoking and other health conditions, including high blood pressure and diabetes.(目前，医生只能通过进行侵入性测试或询问生活方式和健康因素——如体重、饮食、运动、吸烟和其他健康状况，包括高血压和糖尿病——来评估一个人中风的风险，)”可知，传统的评估中风风险的方法是询问健康状况。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They used a specialized imaging technique to help them analyze the quality of the blood vessels. They measured 118 possible differences between individuals’ retina “fingerprints”, related to the density, complexity, twistedness, angles and thickness of the blood vessels.(他们使用了一种专门的成像技术来帮助他们分析血管的质量。他们测量了118个可能的个体视网膜‘指纹’之间的差异，这些差异与血管的密度、复杂性、扭曲度、角度和厚度有关。)”可知，科学家通过分析血管的特征来分析视网膜的照片。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“After adjusting for these known stroke risk factors and others, the scientists found that 3 measurable “fingerprint” differences were related to the risk of having a stroke for the first time. Of those, 17 were related to the density of the blood vessels, with each change in density linked with a 10 to 19 percent difference in stroke risk.(在调整了这些已知的中风风险因素和其他因素后，科学家们发现，3个可测量的‘指纹’差异与首次中风的风险有关。其中17个与血管的密度有关，密度的每一次变化都与中风风险10%到19%的差异有关。)”可知，血管密度异常的人更容易中风。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话“The ophthalmologists concluded that retina imaging was a practical way to assess individuals’ stroke risk, especially in places where health care resources were tight.(眼科医生得出结论，视网膜成像是一种评估个人中风风险的实用方法，特别是在医疗资源紧张的地方。)”可知，眼科医生认为视网膜成像是一种评估个人中风风险的实用方法，这是对研究的正面评价；再根据最后一句“Nevertheless, this was an observational study about mainly white British participants, so its findings may not apply to people of different ethnicities.(然而，这是一项主要针对白人英国参与者的观察性研究，因此其研究结果可能不适用于不同种族的人。)”可知，作者也指出了研究的局限性，这是客观的表述。综上，作者对这项研究持公正的态度。故选A项。 （2025·山东·模拟预测）Artificial intelligence-enabled voice cloning tools have made it easier for criminals to imitate strangers’ voices and trick victims into handing over large sums of money. For example, a scammer might target a victim posing as their grandchild and claiming they require cash fast. Older people who might not be familiar with new technologies such as AI can be particularly subject to these types of scams, particularly when the caller on the other line sounds identical to a loved one. In 2023, senior citizens were cheated out of roughly $3.4 billion in a range of financial crimes, according to the FBI data. The agency recently warned that AI has increased the “believability” or criminal scams by assisting with content creation and correcting human errors that might otherwise serve as warning signs of a trick. “So much of the fraud (欺诈)is based on psychology,” Chuck Herrin, field chief information security officer for F5, a security and fraud prevention firm, told CBS MoneyWatch. “They say things that bring about a fear-based emotional response because they know when humans get afraid, we get stupid and don’t exercise the best judgement.” Cybersecurity experts have a simple but effective recommendation for avoiding getting victimized by such scams: creating a family “safe word” to verify a family member or loved one’s identity. That means choosing a word or phrase that can’t be easily guessed. “It needs to be unique and should be something that’s difficult to guess,” James Scobey, chief information security officer at Keeper Security, told CBS MoneyWatch. “It shouldn’t be something that can be researched online about you or your family. Avoid street names, towns, phone numbers and individual names as part of a pass phrase.” A safe phrase, consisting of at least four words, offers a greater degree of security, he added. Using a safe word is a good first line of defense against scammers. So, any time you are asked for financial assistance, always ask for the safe word before transferring any money. 1．What is the threat posed by AI-enabled voice cloning tools? A．They help strangers create fake identities. B．They trick victims into giving away money. C．They increase the believability of a grandchild. D．They prevent victims from recovering lost funds. 2．What is the psychological strategy used in fraud? A．Inspiring physical response. B．Assisting with content creation. C．Using fright to cause poor judgement. D．Interrupting the decision-making process. 3．What does the underlined word “verify” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Expose. B．Confirm. C．Suggest. D．Represent. 4．What is recommended when creating a safe phrase? A．It should be shared with new friends. B．It should be the same for every family member. C．It should be easily recalled by family members. D．It should avoid using personal details found online. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能技术加持的语音克隆工具给犯罪分子提供了新的诈骗手段，使其更容易模仿陌生人的声音，骗取受害者大额钱财，对此专家给出了一些防止受骗的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence-enabled voice cloning tools have made it easier for criminals to imitate strangers’ voices and trick victims into handing over large sums of money.(人工智能技术加持的语音克隆工具使犯罪分子更容易模仿陌生人的声音，并诱骗受害者交出大笔钱财。)”可知，AI语音克隆工具使犯罪分子更容易诱骗受害者交出大笔钱财。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“‘So much of the fraud is based on psychology,’ Chuck Herrin, field chief information security officer for F5, a security and fraud prevention firm, told CBS MoneyWatch. ‘They say things that bring about a fear-based emotional response because they know when humans get afraid, we get stupid and don’t exercise the best judgement.’(一家安全和防欺诈公司F5的现场首席信息安全官Chuck Herrin告诉CBS MoneyWatch:‘如此多的欺诈行为都是基于心理学的。’他们说一些会引起基于恐惧的情绪反应的话，因为他们知道，当人类感到害怕时，我们就会变傻，不能做出最好的判断。)”可知，诈骗犯使用的心理策略是利用恐惧导致人们做出错误的判断。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段的“Cybersecurity experts have a simple but effective recommendation for avoiding getting victimized by such scams: creating a family ‘safe word’ to verify a family member or loved one’s identity.(网络安全专家有一个简单但有效的建议，以避免成为此类骗局的受害者：创建一个家庭“安全词”来verify家庭成员或亲人的身份。）”可知，网络安全的建议就是创建一个家庭的“安全词”，这样做的目的是为了“确认”家庭成员或亲人的身份，故划线词意思是“确认”。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“‘It needs to be unique and should be something that’s difficult to guess,’ James Scobey, chief information security officer at Keeper Security, told CBS MoneyWatch. ‘It shouldn’t be something that can be researched online about you or your family. Avoid street names, towns, phone numbers and individual names as part of a pass phrase.’（Keeper Security的首席信息安全官James Scobey告诉CBS MoneyWatch:‘它必须是独一无二的，而且应该是很难猜到的。它不应该是可以在网上搜索到你或你家人的一些东西。避免使用街道名称、城镇名称、电话号码和个人姓名作为密码短语的一部分。’）”可知，创建安全短语时，应避免使用在网上能找到的个人信息。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·山东泰安·期末）“Neurons (神经元) that fire together, wire together.” Perhaps you have heard this oft-quoted phrase of psychologist Donald Hebb and wondered what it means. To find this out, you need to understand “neuroplasticity“ first. Your brain can change, and that process is called neuroplasticity. Stimuli (刺激) cause a response and changes in your brain. The stimuli can be external, such as taking up a new hobby, or internal, such as a golfer imagining the perfect putt (推杆) just before actually stepping up and putting. Every time your brain responds to stimuli, an electrical impulse (脉冲) causes either the formation of a new synaptic (突触的) connection or the strengthening of an existing connection. This is what Hebb meant with his theory about firing and wiring together. By contrast, if you stop doing an activity, the synaptic connection can reduce through a lack of use. There is a healthy competition always going on inside your brain to maintain synaptic connections. This is healthy because the connections being used “win” and maintain their strength. Strong connections make a task easier. This competition helps explain why 10, 000 hours of practice is presented as a path to expertise. You will have repeated an action so often and for so long that it simply becomes second nature and feels effortless. In comparison, trying a task for the first time, or picking up an old task after a long break, can feel challenging or energy-consuming at first. Why? Because the synaptic connections don’t exist or have weakened. You have to work harder to perform that task. The good news is that your healthy brain-at any age-can learn, grow, and adapt to the changing world around you. Stated differently, the old idea that you peak by 40 or 45 and from that point onwards, your mind and life go downhill is not supported by 30 years of neuroscientific research revealing a very different story about your brain’s continued growth and development through all ages. Simply put, you can be more adaptive and resilient (有复原力的) throughout your entire life if you make the right choices and take positive actions. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss? A．How Hebb’s theory works. B．Where stimuli come from. C．How an electrical impulse happens. D．Why neuroplasticity causes synaptic connection. 2．Which of the following reflects neuroplasticity? A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Practice makes perfect. C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．United we stand, divided we fall. 3．What causes beginners to find new tasks hard according to paragraph 4? A．A lack of synaptic connections. B．Limited access to necessary information. C．Poor preparation for potential difficulties. D．The huge amount of energy required for the tasks. 4．What can be concluded from years of neuroscientific research? A．Mental decline is unavoidable. B．People become less adaptive as they age. C．People can have lifelong brain development. D．Strong adaptability helps people stay positive. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了神经可塑性的重要性及其对大脑的影响。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Every time your brain responds to stimuli,an electrical impulse (脉冲) causes either the formation of a new synaptic (突触的) connection or the strengthening of an existing connection. This is what Hebb meant with his theory about firing and wiring together. (每次你的大脑对刺激作出反应时，一个电脉冲会导致新的突触连接的形成或者现有连接的加强。这就是Hebb关于一起发射和连接的理论的意思。)”可知，本段主要讨论Hebb理论的运作原理。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This competition helps explain why 10, 000 hours of practice is presented as a path to expertise. You will have repeated an action so often and for so long that it simply becomes second nature and feels effortless. (这场比赛有助于解释为什么10000小时的练习是通往专业技能的途径。你会频繁地、长时间地重复一个动作，以至于它变成了你的第二天性，让你觉得毫不费力。)”可推知结论“熟能生巧”体现了神经可塑性的原理。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In comparison, trying a task for the first time, or picking up an old task after a long break, can feel challenging or energy-consuming at first. Why? Because the synaptic connections don’t exist or have weakened. (相比之下，第一次尝试一项任务，或者长时间休息后重新拾起一项旧任务，刚开始会感到有挑战或耗费精力。为什么？因为突触连接不存在或已减弱。)”可知，根据第四段内容，初学者发现新任务困难是由于缺乏突触连接。故选A。 4．推理判断题   根据最后一段中“The good news is that your healthy brain-at any age-can learn, grow, and adapt to the changing world around you. Stated differently, the old idea that you peak by 40 or 45 and from that point onwards, your mind and life go downhill is not supported by 30 years of neuroscientific research revealing a very different story about your brain’s continued growth and development through all ages. Simply put,you can be more adaptive and resilient (有复原力的) throughout your entire life if you make the right choices and take positive actions. (好消息是，你健康的大脑——在任何年龄——都能学习、成长，并适应你周围不断变化的世界。换句话说，你在40岁或45岁时达到顶峰，从那以后，你的思维和生活开始走下坡路的旧观点，并没有得到30年神经科学研究的支持，这些研究揭示了一个非常不同的故事，关于你的大脑在各个年龄段的持续生长和发展。简单地说，如果你做出正确的选择并采取积极的行动，你可以在你的一生中更有适应能力和复原力。)”可知，研究表明人类的大脑可以终身发育。故选C。 （24-25高三上·山东泰安·期末）MEDICATIONS (药物) like Ozempic and Wegovy may be able to reduce both chronic and acute pain. This makes these types of drugs promising safer alternatives to pain treatments such as opioids, though the effect has yet to be demonstrated in humans. Ozempic and Wegovy work by imitating a hormone released after eating known as GLP-1, which reduces appetite and regulates blood sugar levels. While these medications are only approved for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes, studies have shown that they have a surprisingly wide range of effects: they have shown promise for helping to treat other conditions from Alzheimer’s disease to mental health conditions to addiction. Previous research has shown that animals experience less pain after eating. This prompted Yong Ho Kim at Gachon University in South Korea and his colleagues to investigate whether GLP-1 could be mediating (引起) this effect. The researchers treated five mice with GLP-1 and then measured how quickly the animals removed their paw from a heated surface. They found that, on average, mice kept their paw on the heated surface for roughly 1.25 times as long as they did when they weren’t treated with GLP-1. This wasn’t the case for a separate group of animals treated with salt water, suggesting the hormone reduces sensitivity to pain. They did further measurements of neural activity and found that GLP-1 blocks a receptor (受体) in nerves called TRPV1, which is crucial for reducing pain. Kim and his team identified the molecule (分子) on GLP-1 that joins to this receptor and then treated six mice with a synthetic (合成的) version of this molecule called exendin 9-39. On average, the animals took about 1. 25 times as long to remove their paw from a hot beam of light when treated with the molecule than when they weren’t. This effect lasted for up to 2 hours after the mice received treatment. Further study showed that exendin 9-39 was effective at treating other types of pain in mice, including nerve pain and chronic pain. The molecule also didn’t produce any metabolic effects, such as reducing blood sugar levels or controlling appetite. That is because it specially targets TRPV1, says Kim, who presented these findings at an October meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Chicago. 1．What diseases are Ozempic and Wegovy mainly used to treat? A．Chronic and acute pain. B．Obesity and type 2 diabetes. C．Addition to drugs and nerve pain. D．Alzheimer’s disease and mental health conditions. 2．What does the underlined word “prompted” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Required. B．Forced. C．Discouraged. D．Motivated. 3．How did GLP-1 affect the sense of pain in mice? A．By reducing appetite and regulating blood sugar levels. B．By preventing a receptor in nerves called TRPV1. C．By separating the molecules on GLP-1. D．By producing metabolic effects. 4．Which is possibly the most suitable title for this passage? A．The Inspiration from GLP-1. B．Measurements of neural activity. C．Potential Pain Treatments of Weight-loss Drugs. D．A Synthetic Version of Molecule-Exendin 9-39. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是Ozempic和Wegovy等药物通过模仿GLP-1激素，不仅在治疗肥胖和2型糖尿病方面有效，还显示出减轻疼痛的潜力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While these medications are only approved for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes, studies have shown that they have a surprisingly wide range of effects: they have shown promise for helping to treat other conditions from Alzheimer’s disease to mental health conditions to addiction. (虽然这些药物仅被批准用于治疗肥胖和2型糖尿病，但研究表明它们有着令人惊讶的广泛效果：它们显示出了帮助治疗从阿尔茨海默病到心理健康问题乃至成瘾等多种其他疾病的潜力。)”可知，Ozempic和Wegovy被批准用于治疗肥胖和2型糖尿病，所以，Ozempic和Wegovy主要被用来治疗肥胖和2型糖尿病。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Previous research has shown that animals experience less pain after eating. (先前的研究表明，动物在进食后会经历较少的疼痛。)”可知，动物进食后会有较少的疼痛，结合划线单词所在句中的“to investigate whether GLP-1 could be mediating (引起) this effect. (去研究GLP-1是否可能是引起这种效果的因素。)”可知，此处指的是由于以前研究的发现激发了韩国加图立大学的Yong Ho Kim及其同事研究GLP-1是否可能是引起这种效果的因素，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“激发”意义相近。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“They did further measurements of neural activity and found that GLP-1 blocks a receptor (受体) in nerves called TRPV1, which is crucial for reducing pain. (他们进一步测量了神经活动，发现GLP-1阻断了神经中称为TRPV1的受体，这一受体对于减少疼痛至关重要。)”可知，GLP-1通过阻止名为TRPV1的神经受体来减少疼痛敏感度。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“MEDICATIONS (药物) like Ozempic and Wegovy may be able to reduce both chronic and acute pain. This makes these types of drugs promising safer alternatives to pain treatments such as opioids, though the effect has yet to be demonstrated in humans. (像Ozempic和Wegovy这样的药物可能能够减少慢性疼痛和急性疼痛。这使得这些类型的药物成为有潜力的、更安全的止痛治疗替代品，例如阿片类药物，尽管这种效果在人类身上还有待证实。)”可知，第一段提到像Ozempic和Wegovy这样的药物可能减轻慢性及急性疼痛，结合下文中介绍的这些用于减肥的药物对减少疼痛的研究过程及其发现，尤其是GLP-1如何通过阻止TRPV1受体来减少疼痛可知，本文主要介绍的是探讨减肥药物（如Ozempic和Wegovy）在止痛方面的潜力，所以题目“减肥药治疗疼痛的潜在方法”概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 （2025·山东·一模）The new building of the Sanxingdui Museum is crowded with visitors, with many drawn to a bronze figure with a twisted head. Tourists stop to admire the remarkable artifact (文物), which was unearthed by archaeologist Xu Danyang. After graduating from Peking University, Xu has been working for the Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute, leading the excavation of Pit No 4 where the statue was found. The 29-year-old emphasizes that archaeological excavation is arduous (艰辛的) but he still finds the thrill of discovering new relics to be unforgettable. To increase awareness of cultural heritage diversity, April 18 has been set by UNESCO as the International Day for Monuments and Sites. Like Xu, many young Chinese people are taking on a more significant role in excavating, exploring, protecting and promoting cultural relics. Born in 1992, Zhang Bin has served as a guide at Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum for over 10 years. He sets himself apart from other guides by incorporating techniques from traditional Chinese comedy xiangsheng, or crosstalk, into his explanations. He views his role as not just a job but a legacy, being the third generation in his family to work with the Terracotta Warriors. His grandfather was among the museum’s founding builders while his uncle is a professor in an archaeological team based there. Now, it’s Zhang’s turn to become a storyteller of the Terracotta Warriors. Wu Yunjie, a Chinese blogger born in the 1990s, offers followers dynamic insights into the beauty of Chinese civilization through his acclaimed (广受好评的) “national cultural relics map” which has gone viral online. Since 2020, Wu has marked nearly 10,000 cultural heritage locations, including temples, ancient pagodas, traditional residences, bridges and towers on a dynamic map. Dots of varying colors represent different levels of cultural heritage protection and museum grades. Together, they form “the most distinct colors” on our land, Wu told the website of the Ezhou government. Looking ahead, Wu aims to refine and update the map based on suggestions from internet users, desiring to eventually share the valuable resource with other history and culture enthusiasts. 1．Which words can describe Xu Danyang’s feeling about archaeological excavation? A．Annoying and struggling. B．Boring but rewarding. C．Painstaking but exciting. D．Creative and diligent. 2．What makes Zhang Bin different from other guides? A．Offering dynamic insights into the beauty of Chinese civilization. B．Integrating comedy techniques into his interpretation. C．Marking cultural heritage locations on a dynamic map. D．Increasing people’s awareness of cultural heritage diversity. 3．What is Wu Yunjie’s new vision for the future? A．To adopt the proposals of netizens to refresh the map. B．To become a storyteller of the Terracotta Warriors. C．To collaborate with Internet users to refine the map. D．To mark more heritage locations on a dynamic map. 4．What does the author want to convey in the text? A．The significance of promoting cultural heritage. B．Chinese young people’s efforts to promote cultural heritage. C．The importance of increasing awareness of cultural heritage. D．The challenges of promoting and protecting cultural heritage. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国年轻人在文物保护方面的贡献和努力。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句“The 29-year-old emphasizes that archaeological excavation is arduous (艰辛的) but he still finds the thrill of discovering new relics to be unforgettable. (这位29岁的年轻人强调，考古发掘工作十分艰辛，但他仍然觉得发现新文物的刺激感令人难忘。)”可知，29岁的徐丹阳强调考古发掘是艰辛的，但他仍然觉得发现新文物的刺激是令人难忘的。因此，可以用“painstaking but exciting (艰辛但令人兴奋)”来形容徐丹阳对考古发掘的感受。故选C。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“He sets himself apart from other guides by incorporating techniques from traditional Chinese comedy xiangsheng, or crosstalk, into his explanations. (他通过在讲解中融入中国传统喜剧相声的技巧，使自己与其他导游区别开来。)”可知，张斌与其他导游不同之处在于他把喜剧技巧融入到了他的讲解中。故选B。 3．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Looking ahead, Wu aims to refine and update the map based on suggestions from internet users, desiring to eventually share the valuable resource with other history and culture enthusiasts. (展望未来，吴云杰计划根据互联网用户的建议对地图进行细化和更新，希望最终能与其他历史和文化爱好者共享这一宝贵资源。)”可知，吴云杰对未来的新愿景是采纳网民的建议来更新地图。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“To increase awareness of cultural heritage diversity, April 18 has been set by UNESCO as the International Day for Monuments and Sites. Like Xu, many young Chinese people are taking on a more significant role in excavating, exploring, protecting and promoting cultural relics. (为了增强人们对文化遗产多样性的认识，联合国教科文组织将4月18日定为国际古迹和遗址日。像徐丹阳一样，许多中国青年在发掘、探索、保护和推广文化遗产方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。)”可知，文章主要讲述了中国年轻人在文物保护方面的贡献和努力。因此，作者想在文中传达的是中国年轻人在推广文化遗产方面的努力。故选B。 （2025·山东·一模）The construction site of the future is already here as homes, office buildings and industrial sites go up around the country. Robots that can lay bricks, put up drywall and tie rebar (钢筋) are engaging in at a time when the construction industry is in major transformation. Meanwhile, start-ups are pouring even more resources into the field, including building robots that survey and monitor as well as heavy machinery that can operate on its own. They are hoping to automate a complicated field involving moving parts and vastly different sites and buildings. Fueling the wave on innovation is a construction crisis. Building costs are rising, and hundreds of thousands of jobs remain unfilled. Those who are in the industry are getting older and working under sometimes deadly conditions. Consequently, federal money is pouring in to build better infrastructure. The confluence (汇合)of factors have created a situation where more construction firms are turning to robots to automate work on job sites. Still, the burst of activity caused several workforce experts to become concerned that it could lead to job losses or a situation where people who work alongside these robots are left working more quickly and in more unsafe work environments. Robots are no stranger in the industry. Amazon uses a lot of robots in its operations, from the Roomba-like Kiva that moves packages, to Sparrow, which grasps things with human like flexibility. But the dynamics in construction have been different, Johnson-Roberson said. The home-building industry has been slower, because much of the tasks require fine motor control, which robots have had a harder time doing, he added. Nik Theodore, the director of the Center for Urban Economic Development at the University of Illinois in Chicago, said the robots could hold promise if they can automate the often injury-suffering and deadly tasks construction workers have “in a very dangerous industry with large numbers of deaths.” But the concern, he said, is “the temptation (诱惑)” for automation to speed up job tasks and increase worker exhaustion, leading to a situation where burnout and injuries occur more, not less. 1．Why are start-ups investing resources into the construction field? A．To replace humans’ work. B．To monitor construction workers. C．To survey the application of the robots. D．To achieve automation in the field. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 5? A．Robots can only be applied to some big-scale projects. B．Home-building industry needs human workers’ involvement. C．Big-scale projects need training robots rather than human workers. D．Robots have an advantage over human workers in the construction. 3．What is Nik Theodore’s attitude towards the robots? A．Objective. B．Critical. C．Promising. D．Subjective. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The popularity of the robots. B．The development of the robots in the industry. C．The application of robots in building houses. D．The rise of the construction industry. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在建筑行业引入机器人的现状、好处及可能引起的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They are hoping to automate a complicated field involving moving parts and vastly different sites and buildings.(他们希望在一个涉及移动部件和截然不同的场地和建筑物的复杂领域实现自动化)”可知，初创企业大力投资建筑领域是为了实现该领域的自动化。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“The home-building industry has been slower, because much of the tasks require fine motor control, which robots have had a harder time doing.(住宅建筑业发展较慢，因为许多任务需要精细的运动控制，而这对机器人来说更难)”可推知，住宅建筑业需要人类工人的参与。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Nik Theodore, the director of the Center for Urban Economic Development at the University of Illinois in Chicago, said the robots could hold promise if they can automate the often injury-suffering and deadly tasks construction workers have “in a very dangerous industry with large numbers of deaths.” But the concern, he said, is “the temptation (诱惑)” for automation to speed up job tasks and increase worker exhaustion, leading to a situation where burnout and injuries occur more, not less.(芝加哥伊利诺伊大学城市经济发展中心主任尼克·西奥多表示，如果机器人能够将建筑工人在“一个死亡人数众多的非常危险的行业”中经常受伤和致命的任务自动化，那么机器人就会带来希望。但他表示，令人担忧的是，自动化“很容易”加速工作任务，增加工人的疲劳，导致精疲力竭和受伤的情况发生得更多，而不是更少)”可知，尼克·西奥多对于机器人的态度是客观的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Robots that can lay bricks, put up drywall and tie rebar (钢筋) are engaging in at a time when the construction industry is in major transformation.(在建筑行业发生重大变革的时候，可以砌砖、贴干墙和绑钢筋的机器人正在参与进来)”并结合下文可知，文章主要介绍了机器人在房屋建造中的应用。故选C。 （24-25高三上·山东德州·期末）New research indicates that our brains divide daily memories not only based on environmental shifts but also on personal experiences and priorities. A Columbia University research, led by Baldassano, a professor of psychology, has shown that we may have more control over our memory organization than previously thought. The study, published in Current Biology on October 3, challenges the idea that memory segmentation (分区) is driven by environmental changes. The team proposed that the boundaries between different scenes are shaped by our past experiences and emotional responses to events. To test their hypothesis, the researchers created 16 short audios, each with four locations and social situations. While participants listened to audios, researchers used fMRI (磁共振) to monitor brain activity, particularly in the mPFC (内侧前额叶皮质), an area associated with perception and interpretation of our surroundings. The scans revealed that mPFC activity increased during key social event changes. However, participants’s egmentation of events could be altered by directing their attention to different details. The study also found that participants’ memory of the audios varied based on what they were asked to focus on. When they were asked to recall the part of the audio they were not asked to pay attention to, they forgot many details. This suggests that our memory is selective and influenced by our attention. “We can choose what we pay attention to and what we remember. This means that, in many ways, we control the memory of our own experiences.” Baldassano noted. The implications of this research are significant for understanding memory-related issues, such as stress disorder, dementia, and normal aging. The study suggests memory-based treatments shouldn’t just focus on any shift to improve long-term memory. Attention should be directed toward key moments to help people better understand and remember what matters most. While it is not clear how allowing people to freely recall their experiences can change the way they frame their memories, this study opens new avenues for understanding how we remember our daily lives. 1．What aspect did Baldassano stress about memory segmentation? A．Personal priorities. B．Environmental changes. C．Emotional treatments. D．Boundaries between scenes. 2．How did the researchers test their theory? A．Interviewing participants’ daily experiences. B．Recording people’s memories of past events. C．Monitoring brain activities about some audios. D．Comparing individuals’ different environments. 3．What happened when participants were guided to some details? A．They intended to collect more details. B．They became confused in brain activities. C．They ignored other details unconsciously. D．They preferred to concentrate on the audios. 4．What does Baldassano suggest about memory-based treatments? A．Improving long-term memory. B．Emphasizing environmental shifts. C．Making use of the flexibility of memory. D．Collecting plenty of specific memory details. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，我们的大脑不仅基于环境转变，而且基于个人经验和优先事项来划分日常记忆。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“New research indicates that our brains divide daily memories not only based on environmental shifts but also on personal experiences and priorities. (新的研究表明，我们的大脑不仅根据环境变化，还根据个人经历和优先事项来划分日常记忆)”和第二段“The study, published in Current Biology on October 3, challenges the idea that memory segmentation (分区) is driven by environmental changes. The team proposed that the boundaries between different scenes are shaped by our past experiences and emotional responses to events.(该研究于10月3日发表在《当代生物学》上，挑战了记忆分区是由环境变化驱动的观点。研究团队提出，场景之间的边界是由我们的过去经历和对事件的情感反应塑造的。)”可知，Baldassano的团队认为记忆分区不是由环境区分导致的，还根据个人经历和优先事项来划分日常记忆，它是由我们的过去经历和对事件的情感反应塑造的，由此可知，关于记忆分区，Baldassano强调的是个人优先事项。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To test their hypothesis, the researchers created 16 short audios, each with four locations and social situations. While participants listened to audios, researchers used fMRI (磁共振) to monitor brain activity, particularly in the mPFC (内侧前额叶皮质), an area associated with perception and interpretation of our surroundings.(为了检验他们的假设，研究人员创建了16段短音频，每段音频都有四个地点和社交场合。当参与者听音频时研究人员使用fMRI来监测大脑活动，特别是在mPFC区域，该区域与我们周围环境的感知和解释有关。)”可知，研究人员通过监视有关某些音频的大脑活动来检验他们的理论，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“When they were asked to recall the part of the audio they were not asked to pay attention to, they forgot many details. (当他们被要求回忆起没有要求注意的音频部分时，他们忘记了许多细节。)”可知，当参与者被指导一些细节时，他们无意识地忽略了其他细节。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““We can choose what we pay attention to and what we remember. This means that, in many ways, we control the memory of our own experiences.” The implications of this research are significant for understanding memory-related issues, such as stress disorder, dementia, and normal aging. The study suggests memory-based treatments shouldn’t just focus on any shift to improve long-term memory. Attention should be directed toward key moments to help people better understand and remember what matters most.(“我们可以选择我们注意的关注和记得的东西。这意味着，在许多方面，我们控制着自己经历的记忆。”这项研究对于理解与记忆相关的问题，如压力障碍、痴呆和正常衰老具有重要意义。研究建议，基于记忆的治疗不应只关注任何改善长期记忆的转变。注意力应集中在关键时刻，以帮助人们更好地理解和记住最重要的事情。)”可知，Baldassano对基于记忆的治疗的建议是不应只关注任何改善长期记忆的转变，而要将注意力应集中在关键时刻，这说明了我们能够控制自己的记忆，由此可推知，Baldassano强调要利用记忆的灵活性，故选C。 （24-25高三上·山东德州·期末）A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images, emotions and themes. In a recent experiment, the researchers tasked OpenAI’s ChatGPT with generating poems in the styles of famous poets, then presented 1,634 participants with ten poems — five human-written and five chatbot-generated — and assessed how people rated the poems based on 14 qualities, including rhythm and originality. Interestingly, they tended to rate the AI-generated poems higher on average, suggesting a preference for their straightforwardness and clarity. Why readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry is not entirely clear, but the researchers’ best guess is that the AI poems may be more appealing because they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. “Emily Dickinson sometimes breaks the expected rhyme scheme (韵律) on purpose,” says Brian Porter, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh, “But the AI-generated poems in her style never did that once.” Besides, modern readers don’t seem to want to bother themselves to read deep to think critically. Instead, they prefer texts giving them instant answers. “When readers say they prefer AI poetry, they would seem to be showing their frustration when faced with writing that does not yield to their attention,” he adds. While the findings raise concerns about AI potentially replacing human artists and putting them out of work one day, Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems. “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky says, “If they read AI poems and like that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They have a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.” This study provided a platform for the intersection of technology and creativity, prompting reflection on the future of poetry and artistic expression. 1．Why did the researchers conduct the experiment? A．To create a technique. B．To clarify a concept. C．To detail an example. D．To confirm a finding. 2．What does the example of Emily Dickinson imply? A．Robots are more complicated than humans. B．AI meets modern readers’ reading preference. C．Chatbot is trained to write in creative patterns. D．Classic poetry lacks unique charming features. 3．Which belief does Dorothea Lasky have about poetry? A．All flowers bloom together. B．No dish suits all tastes. C．It’s no use crying over spilt milk. D．Time and tide wait for no man. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Will Poets Be lost in AI Era? B．ChatGPT: a New Advancement C．Fake or Real — a Concern about AI D．ChatGPT or Dickinson, Who is better? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，因为他们的简单明了的图像，情感和主题，为此科学家进行了一项研究。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images, emotions and themes.(一项新的研究表明，人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，因为他们的简单明了的图像，情感和主题。)”和第二段“In a recent experiment, the researchers tasked OpenAI’s ChatGPT with generating poems in the styles of famous poets, then presented 1,634 participants with ten poems — five human-written and five chatbot-generated — and assessed how people rated the poems based on 14 qualities, including rhythm and originality.(在最近的一项实验中，研究人员让OpenAI的ChatGPT以著名诗人的风格生成诗歌，然后向1634名展示了十首诗——五首是人类写的，五首是聊天机器人生成的——并评估了人们对这些诗的14种品质的评分，节奏和原创性。)”可推知，研究人员进行这项实验的目的是确认一个发现——人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Why readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry is not entirely clear, but the researchers’ best guess is that the AI poems may be more appealing because they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. “Emily Dickinson sometimes breaks the expected rhyme scheme (韵律) on purpose,” says Brian Porter, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh, “But the AI-generated poems in her style never did that once.”(为什么读者似乎更喜欢AI生成的诗歌并不完全清楚，但是研究人员的最佳猜测是，AI诗可能更具吸引力，因为它们相对简单明了，简单地理解。匹兹堡大学的研究员布莱恩·波特（Brian Porter）说：“艾米丽·迪金森有时会故意打破预期的韵律。但是AI生成的她的风格的诗歌从未那样做过一次（打破预期的韵律）。)”可推知，艾米丽·迪金森（Emily Dickinson）的例子暗示了AI满足现代读者的阅读偏好——人们喜欢简单明了的内容。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky says, “If they read AI poems and like that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They have a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets— even robot poets.”(“诗歌将永远是必要的，”拉斯基说，“如果他们阅读人工智能的诗，并且比人类创作的诗更喜欢那首诗，那么在我看来，这是美丽的。我不在乎是谁写的，只要他们有一段很好的诗歌体验。我觉得所有的诗人都有空间——即使是机器人诗人。”)”可知，Dorothea Lasky认为无论是机器人还是人写诗，只要写出好的诗歌便是好的，由此可推知，他认为诗歌写作应该是百花齐放，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images, emotions and themes.(一项新的研究表明，人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，因为他们的简单明了的图像，情感和主题。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，因为他们的简单明了的图像，情感和主题，为此科学家进行了一项研究，由此可知，文章主要探讨了人工智能作的诗和诗人写出的诗，哪个更受欢迎，D项“Chatgpt或Dickinson，谁更好？”能概括文章内容，故选D。 （24-25高三下·山东德州·开学考试）Stanford University has recently conducted a remarkable study that may hold the key to renewing the aging brain. The research, published in the renowned journal Nature, focused on the GLUT4 gene. In the normal aging process, neural stem cells (干细胞) in the brain, which are responsible for generating new neurons (神经元), gradually lose their activity. This decline leads to a reduction in the production of new neurons, subsequently resulting in a worsening memory and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The Stanford team, led by Professor Anne Brunet, set out to explore ways to change this trend. Using the powerful CRISPR gene-editing technology, the researchers screened 300 genes related to the activity of neural stem cells in mice. This was a painstaking and time-consuming task that required thorough attention to detail. After a complex process of removal and confirmation, they eventually identified the GLUT4 gene. This gene plays a crucial role in transporting glucose (葡萄糖) into cells. Interestingly, in the aged brain, neural stem cells are surrounded by high levels of glucose, which might be the cause of their inactivity. To test their theory, the dedicated research team attentively knocked out the GLUT4 gene in the brains of old mice. Astonishingly, after a few weeks of close observation and detailed analysis, they observed a remarkable doubling in the number of new neurons in the olfactory bulbs (嗅球) of these mice. This unexpected yet significant finding strongly suggests that by precisely regulating glucose levels, it is potentially possible to effectively reactivate the neural stem cells in the aging brain and powerfully stimulate the generation of new neurons. This research not only opens up new avenues for the development of drugs and gene treatments aimed at promoting neuronal regeneration in the aged or damaged brain but also implies that simple lifestyle advice, such as a low-carbohydrate (碳水化合物) diet, might potentially activate neural stem cells. It is a significant step forward in our understanding of brain health and offers hope for maintaining cognitive function in the elderly. 1．What was the motivation of the Stanford researchers? A．To prove neural stem cell decline is unavoidable. B．To find ways to speed up the normal aging process. C．To turn around the trend of neural stem cells decline. D．To study the working behavior of neurons in the brain. 2．What is the function of the GLUT4 gene? A．It affects the delivery of glucose in cells. B．It decreases the number of anti-aging cells. C．It changes the structure of neural stem cells. D．It keeps neural stem cells from some diseases. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The relationship between diet and new neurons. B．The process of observing new neurons in old mice. C．The application of the GLUT4 gene in medical fields. D．The experiment to test the assumption about GLUT4 gene. 4．Why is a low-carbohydrate diet mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To unlock the secret of the aging brain. B．To show an application of the new research. C．To confirm the significance of a healthy diet. D．To demonstrate the drawback of the research. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究，研究发现衰老神经干细胞内部和周围葡萄糖水平的升高可能是导致它们不活跃的原因，通过精确调节葡萄糖水平，有可能有效地重新激活老化大脑中的神经干细胞，以促进新神经元生长。它表明未来有可能开发相关药物和方法来刺激衰老或受伤大脑中的神经干细胞重新生长神经元。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the normal aging process, neural stem cells (干细胞)in the brain, which are responsible for generating new neurons (神经元), gradually lose their activity. This decline leads to a reduction in the production of new neurons, subsequently resulting in a worsening memory and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The Stanford team, led by Professor Anne Brunet, set out to explore ways to change this trend.(在正常的衰老过程中，大脑中负责产生新神经元的神经干细胞逐渐失去活性。这种衰退导致新神经元的产生减少，随后导致记忆力恶化，患阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森病等神经退行性疾病的风险增加。由Anne Brunet教授领导的斯坦福大学研究小组开始探索改变这一趋势的方法。)”可知，在衰老过程中，神经干细胞衰退导致记忆力恶化，患神经性疾病的风险增加，斯坦福的这项研究动机是扭转神经干细胞衰退的趋势，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This gene plays a crucial role in transporting glucose (葡萄糖) into cells.(这个基因在将葡萄糖运输到细胞中起着至关重要的作用)”可知，GLUT4基因的功能是影响细胞中葡萄糖的运输，故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容“To test their theory, the dedicated research team attentively knocked out the GLUT4 gene in the brains of old mice. Astonishingly, after a few weeks of close observation and detailed analysis, they observed a remarkable doubling in the number of new neurons in the olfactory bulbs (嗅球) of these mice. This unexpected yet significant finding strongly suggests that by precisely regulating glucose levels, it is potentially possible to effectively reactivate the neural stem cells in the aging brain and powerfully stimulate the generation of new neurons.(为了验证他们的理论，这个专门的研究小组仔细地敲除了老年小鼠大脑中的GLUT4基因。令人惊讶的是，经过几周的密切观察和详细分析，他们观察到这些老鼠嗅球中新神经元的数量显著增加了一倍。这一意想不到但意义重大的发现强烈表明，通过精确调节葡萄糖水平，有可能有效地重新激活老化大脑中的神经干细胞，并有力地刺激新神经元的产生)”可知，本段主要是关于验证GLUT4基因假设的实验，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“This research not only opens up new avenues for the development of drugs and gene treatments aimed at promoting neuronal regeneration in the aged or damaged brain but also implies that simple lifestyle advice, such as a low-carbohydrate (碳水化合物) diet, might potentially activate neural stem cells.(这项研究不仅为开发药物和旨在促进衰老或受损大脑中的神经元再生的基因治疗开辟了新的途径，而且还意味着简单的生活方式建议，如低碳水化合物饮食，可能会激活神经干细胞)”可知，该研究表明简单的生活方式，如低碳水化合物饮食，可能会激活神经干细胞，故本段提到低碳水化合物饮食是为了展示该项新研究的一个应用，故选B。 重难语篇拔高练 （24-25高三下·山东济南·开学考试）Photographer Ashley Suszczynski traces back her passion for art to her childhood years. Particularly, to making puppets (木偶) out of brown paper bags and throwing shows with her grandma. This later evolved into a love of science fiction and escaping to adventure lands populated by mythical creatures. This feeling of wonder runs through her project Masked masquerade (蒙面舞会) series, which sees her travelling through Europe to record a visually striking branch of ancient folk customs. “Several years ago, I saw photographs of a masquerade in the north of Spain called ‘La Vijanera,’” Suszczynski says. “The characters looked like those I had imagined from the pages of my childhood stories. There was everything from fur-covered creatures to masked tree fairies and spirits of the woodlands. I flew to Spain for a week to attend, and just like that, a passion was born.” After this, Suszczynski began researching more European masked masquerades, hoping to learn about their history, characters, and symbolism. The festivals typically celebrated common themes involving seasonal change, life, and happiness. “In each masquerade I feels like being transported into a different fairy tale novel from my childhood. It is an honor that instead of simply escaping into these fantastic stories, I can now share them through my photographs,” she shares. The project has taken her to Spain, Bulgaria, and Portugal, where she has photographed groups with designed costumes and masks. For Suszczynski, the entire process is a wild ride. “When I plan a ‘trip’ it’s usually around an event, and I’ll go to the event — the carnival, the parade, whatever it is — but that’s only the tip of the iceberg. That is the foot in the door,” she says. Besides, she tries her best to overcome the language barrier. But the photographer describes the whole process as an adventure worth paying. “I’ll have friends for life made from these photos. I am so thankful for each and every person I have photographed. They love to teach about their culture. They love for people to learn about their culture, to bring it to light,” Suszczynski concludes. 1．What is the primary focus of Ashley Suszczynski’s Masked masquerade series? A．Documenting creature evolution in Europe. B．Recording modern European street fashion. C．Exploring masking traditions through photos. D．Investigating the history of puppet shows in Europe. 2．What did Suszczynski mainly intend to show in paragraph 2? A．The origin of the project. B．Her childhood stories. C．A masquerade in Spain. D．The background of her works. 3．How does Suszczynski feel about her work on the project? A．Tough and embarrassing. B．Relaxing but dangerous. C．Meaningful and effortless. D．Challenging but rewarding. 4．What can we know about the people photographed by Suszczynski from the last paragraph? A．They share a common interest in photography. B．They are actively involved in spreading their culture. C．They got financial returns offered by Suszczynski. D．They appreciate being integrated with other cultures. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍摄影师深入探讨欧洲古代蒙面仪式的象征意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This feeling of wonder runs through her project Masked masquerade (蒙面舞会) series, which sees her travelling through Europe to record a visually striking branch of ancient folk customs. (这种奇妙的感觉贯穿于她的《蒙面舞会》系列中，在该系列中，她漫游欧洲，记录古代民间传说中一个视觉上引人注目的分支)”和第三段““In each masquerade I feels like being transported into a different fairy tale novel from my childhood. It is an honor that instead of simply escaping into these fantastic stories, I can now share them through my photographs,” she shares.(“在每次化妆舞会中，我都感觉自己从童年时代进入了一本不同的童话小说。这是一种荣幸，而不是简单地逃避这些奇妙的故事，我现在可以通过我的照片分享它们，”她分享道)”可知，《蒙面舞会》的主要核心是用摄影探究蒙面传统。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“I flew to Spain for a week to attend, and just like that, a passion was born. (我飞往西班牙一周参加，就这样，一种痴迷诞生了)”可知，本段作者主要讲述的是 Suszczynski如何开始这一项目的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段““When I plan a ‘trip’ it’s usually around an event, and I’ll go to the event— the carnival, the parade, whatever it is— but that’s only the tip of the iceberg. That is the foot in the door,” she says. Besides, she tries her best to overcome the language barrier. (“当我计划‘旅行’时，通常是围绕一个活动，我会去参加活动——狂欢节、游行，不管它是什么——但这只是冰山一角。这是敲门砖。”此外，她尽最大努力克服语言障碍)”和第五段“But the photographer describes the whole process as an adventure worth paying. “I’ll have friends for life made from these photos. I am so thankful for each and every person I have photographed. They love to teach about their culture. They love for people to learn about their culture, to bring it to light,” Suszczynski concludes. (但这位摄影师将整个过程描述为一次值得花钱的冒险。“这些照片将成为我一生的朋友。我非常感谢我拍摄过的每一个人。他们喜欢传授他们的文化。他们喜欢人们了解他们的文化，把它展现出来，”Suszczynski总结道)”可知，Suszczynski认为她在这个项目中的工作虽然有挑战，但也有回报。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“They love to teach about their culture. They love for people to learn about their culture, to bring it to light. (他们喜欢传授他们的文化。他们喜欢人们了解他们的文化，并将其展现出来)”可知，Suszczynski所拍摄的人们积极参与他们的文化传播。故选B。 （24-25高三下·山东济南·开学考试）“Zero distractions.” That’s what Cal Newport, author of Digital Minimalism: Choosing a Focused Life in a Noisy World, says is required to have a session of focused productivity he calls “deep work.” Are zero-distraction moments even available to most of us these days? After all, every technical innovation that makes our lives more convenient, like phones and apps and streaming entertainment, is built for a multi-tasking lifestyle. Listen to music. Add to your grocery list. Press “buy” on an online shopping cart. Reserve a table for this weekend. All of these are things many of us do at the same time — and all too often while we’re doing something else, like working. Newport described the snags of this lifestyle in an interview with The New York Times: “Every time you switch your attention from one target to another and then back again, there’s a cost. This switching creates an effect that psychologists call attention residue (残留), which can reduce your cognitive (认知的) capacity for a substantial amount of time before it clears. If you constantly make ‘quick checks’ of various devices and inboxes, you essentially keep yourself in a state of persistent attention residue, which is a terrible idea if you’re someone who uses your brain to make a living.” Instead of moving quickly from activity to activity, Newport urges us to actively make time for “deep work” every day, time when we are engaged in cognitively challenging tasks without interruption from anything else. This could be knitting or reading or learning a language or meeting a professional goal. The important part is that it needs to be an activity you can commit to investing your energy in wholeheartedly. Getting in the habit of working deeply will, says Newport, lead you to the unavoidable conclusion that “concentration is a super power.” What in your life would you like to approach with a “deep work” mentality? 1．What can be inferred about zero-distractions moments from paragraph 2? A．They are available to most people. B．They result from technical innovation. C．Most people don’t need them at all. D．It is hard to obtain them nowadays. 2．What does the underlined word “snags” mean in paragraph 3? A．Disadvantages. B．Features. C．Potentials. D．Principles. 3．What does Newport recommend doing according to the text? A．Reducing the use of technology. B．Doing one thing deeply at a time. C．Listening to music while working. D．Balancing multiple activities effectively. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．Multitasking: A Modern Lifestyle B．The Challenges of Zero Distractions C．Deep Work: The Key to Focused Productivity D．The Power of Attention Residue in a Noisy World 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍一次只做一件事很重要，深度工作是专注生产力的关键。 1．推理判断题。第二段“Are zero-distraction moments even available to most of us these days? After all, every technical innovation that makes our lives more convenient, like phones and apps and streaming entertainment, is built for a multi-tasking lifestyle. Listen to music. Add to your grocery list. Press “buy” on an online shopping cart. Reserve a table for this weekend. All of these are things many of us do at the same time— and all too often while we’re doing something else, like working.(现在我们大多数人都能享受零分心时刻吗？毕竟，每一项让我们的生活更方便的技术创新，比如手机、应用程序和流媒体娱乐，都是为多任务生活方式而设计的。听音乐。添加到你的购物清单中。在网上购物车中按“购买”键。预订一张这周末的桌子。所有这些都是我们很多人同时做的事情——而且经常是在我们做其他事情的时候，比如工作)”可知，这些都是我们许多人同时做的事情，而且常常是在我们做其他事情比如工作时做的。由此推断，零分心时刻很难获得。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据后文““Every time you switch your attention from one target to another and then back again, there’s a cost. This switching creates an effect that psychologists call attention residue (残留), which can reduce your cognitive (认知的) capacity for a substantial amount of time before it clears. If you constantly make ‘quick checks’ of various devices and inboxes, you essentially keep yourself in a state of persistent attention residue, which is a terrible idea if you’re someone who uses your brain to make a living.”(“每次你把注意力从一个目标转移到另一个目标，然后再转移回来，都是有代价的。这种转换产生了一种心理学家称之为“注意力残留”的效应，它会在相当长的一段时间内降低你的认知能力。如果你不断地‘快速检查’各种设备和收件箱，你基本上会让自己处于持续的注意力残留状态，如果你是一个靠大脑谋生的人，这是一个糟糕的主意。”)”可知，此处是Newport在描述这种生活方式的缺点，推知snags应是“缺点”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Instead of moving quickly from activity to activity, Newport urges us to actively make time for “deep work” every day, time when we are engaged in cognitively challenging tasks without interruption from anything else. This could be knitting or reading or learning a language or meeting a professional goal. The important part is that it needs to be an activity you can commit to investing your energy in wholeheartedly.(Newport敦促我们每天积极地腾出时间进行“深度工作”，而不是快速地从一个活动转移到另一个活动，这是我们从事具有认知挑战性的任务而不受其他任何事情干扰的时间。这可以是编织、阅读、学习一门语言或实现一个职业目标。重要的是，它需要是一项你能全身心投入精力的活动)”可知，Newport建议每次深入地做一件事。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。文章首段提出话题“零分心”就是 Cal Newport 所说的“深度工作”所需的状态。下文叙述零分心不易，敦促我们每天积极腾出时间进行“深度工作”，养成深入工作的习惯将使你不可避免地得出“专注是一种超级力量”的结论。由此可知，C项“深度工作：专注生产力的关键”符合文章内容，适合作文章标题。故选C项。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$