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高中英语外研版必修二Unit 6 词汇详细解析
1. shark n. 鲨(鱼)
· 释义:一种生活在海洋中的大型凶猛鱼类。
· 例句:Sharks are at the top of the ocean food chain.(鲨鱼处于海洋食物链的顶端。)
· 拓展:shark fin 鱼翅;shark attack 鲨鱼袭击
2. scare v. 使(某人)惊恐,吓唬
· 释义:cause to feel fear 使害怕
· 例句:The loud noise scared the little girl.(巨大的声响吓着了小女孩。)
· 拓展:scared adj. 害怕的;scary adj. 吓人的
3. due to 由于,因为
· 释义:as a result of 因为
· 例句:The game was cancelled due to the bad weather.(由于恶劣天气,比赛取消了。)
· 拓展:同义词组 because of, owing to
4. fin v. 切去(鱼的)鳍;n. 鱼鳍
· 释义:作动词指割下鱼鳍;作名词是鱼身体上的鳍状物。
· 例句:Some fishermen fin sharks for their valuable fins.(一些渔民为了获取珍贵的鱼翅割下鲨鱼的鳍。)
· 拓展:dorsal fin 背鳍;caudal fin 尾鳍
5. dive v. (通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水
· 释义:go under water using breathing equipment 潜水
· 例句:We went diving in the clear ocean.(我们在清澈的海洋中潜水。)
· 拓展:diver n. 潜水员;diving suit 潜水服
6. target v. 把…… 作为目标
· 释义:choose as an aim or object 把…… 作为目标
· 例句:The hunters targeted the rare animals.(猎人把珍稀动物作为目标。)
· 拓展:target sth at sb/sth 使针对;targeted adj. 有针对性的
7. fortunately adv. 幸运地
· 释义:luckily 幸运地
· 例句:Fortunately, we found the missing key.(幸运的是,我们找到了丢失的钥匙。)
· 拓展:反义词 unfortunately;fortune n. 运气,财富
8. extinction n. 灭绝,绝种
· 释义:the state of no longer existing 灭绝
· 例句:Many species are on the verge of extinction.(许多物种濒临灭绝。)
· 拓展:extinct adj. 灭绝的;go extinct 灭绝
9. attitude n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法,态度
· 释义:a way of thinking or feeling about sth 态度,看法
· 例句:We should have a positive attitude towards life.(我们应该对生活持积极的态度。)
· 拓展:attitude to/towards 对…… 的态度
10. devote v. 致力,献身,倾注
· 释义:give all one's time, energy, etc. to sth 致力于
· 例句:She devotes herself to helping the poor.(她致力于帮助穷人。)
· 拓展:devote...to... 把…… 奉献给……;devoted adj. 忠诚的,全心全意的
11. ocean n. 海洋,大海
· 释义:a very large area of salt water 海洋
· 例句:The ocean covers a large part of the earth.(海洋覆盖了地球的很大一部分。)
· 拓展:oceanic adj. 海洋的;oceanography n. 海洋学
12. highlight v. 使…… 突出,使注意力集中于
· 释义:make sth important or interesting stand out 突出,强调
· 例句:The report highlights the importance of environmental protection.(报告强调了环境保护的重要性。)
· 拓展:highlight n. 最精彩的部分
13. cruelty n. 残忍,残酷,残暴
· 释义:the quality of being cruel 残忍
· 例句:The cruelty of the war is beyond description.(战争的残酷难以形容。)
· 拓展:cruel adj. 残忍的;cruelly adv. 残酷地
14. hunting n. 打猎,狩猎
· 释义:the activity of chasing and killing wild animals for food or sport 打猎
· 例句:Hunting has a great impact on wildlife.(打猎对野生动物有很大影响。)
· 拓展:hunt v. 打猎;hunter n. 猎人
15. presentation n. 报告,(观点的)陈述,说明
· 释义:a talk giving information about sth 报告,陈述
· 例句:He gave a presentation on his research.(他就自己的研究作了报告。)
· 拓展:present v. 呈现,展示;presenter n. 主持人,演讲者
16. reserve n. (野生生物)保护区
· 释义:an area of land where wild animals or plants are protected 保护区
· 例句:The nature reserve is home to many rare species.(这个自然保护区是许多珍稀物种的家园。)
· 拓展:reserve v. 保留,预订;reserved adj. 保留的,预订的
17. staff n. 员工
· 释义:the people who work for an organization 员工
· 例句:The company has a large staff.(这家公司有很多员工。)
· 拓展:staff member 员工成员;on the staff 在工作,在职
18. establish v. 建立,设立
· 释义:start or create sth 建立
· 例句:They established a new school in the village.(他们在村里建了一所新学校。)
· 拓展:establishment n. 建立,机构;established adj. 已建立的,确定的
19. damage v. 破损,损害,损伤
· 释义:harm or spoil sth 损害
· 例句:The storm damaged many houses.(暴风雨损坏了许多房屋。)
· 拓展:damage n. 损害;damaged adj. 受损的
20. drought n. 旱灾,干旱
· 释义:a long period of time when there is little or no rain 旱灾
· 例句:The drought has affected the crops.(旱灾影响了农作物。)
· 拓展:drought - resistant adj. 抗旱的
21. flood n. 洪水,水灾
· 释义:a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry 洪水
· 例句:The flood caused great damage.(洪水造成了巨大损失。)
· 拓展:flood v. 淹没;flooded adj. 被淹没的
22. affect v. 影响
· 释义:have an effect on sb/sth 影响
· 例句:The change in weather affected our plans.(天气变化影响了我们的计划。)
· 拓展:effect n. 影响;effective adj. 有效的
23. supply n. 煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)
· 释义:the act of providing sth that is needed 供应
· 例句:The water supply was cut off.(供水被切断了。)
· 拓展:supply v. 供应;supplier n. 供应商
24. restore v. 使恢复
· 释义:bring back to a former condition 使恢复
· 例句:The doctors tried to restore his health.(医生们努力恢复他的健康。)
· 拓展:restoration n. 恢复;restored adj. 恢复的
25. adopt v. 采取(某种方法)
· 释义:choose to take or follow sth 采取
· 例句:We should adopt a new approach to solve the problem.(我们应该采取新方法来解决问题。)
· 拓展:adoption n. 采用,收养;adopted adj. 被收养的,被采用的
26. sustainable adj. 可持续的,不破坏环境的
· 释义:able to continue over a long period of time without damaging the environment 可持续的
· 例句:We need to develop sustainable energy sources.(我们需要开发可持续能源。)
· 拓展:sustainability n. 可持续性;sustain v. 维持,支撑
27. bulb n. 灯泡
· 释义:a glass part of an electric lamp that gives light 灯泡
· 例句:The bulb in the lamp burned out.(灯里的灯泡烧坏了。)
· 拓展:light bulb 电灯泡
28. renewable adj. (能源)可更新的,可再生的,可恢复的
· 释义:able to be replaced or made again 可再生的
· 例句:Solar energy is a renewable resource.(太阳能是一种可再生资源。)
· 拓展:renew v. 更新,重新开始;renewable energy 可再生能源
29. carbon n. 碳
· 释义:a chemical element that is an important part of all living things 碳
· 例句:Reducing carbon emissions is crucial for the environment.(减少碳排放对环境至关重要。)
· 拓展:carbon dioxide 二氧化碳;carbon footprint 碳足迹
30. greenhouse n. 温室,暖房
· 释义:a building made of glass where plants are grown 温室
· 例句:The flowers are grown in the greenhouse.(这些花在温室里种植。)
· 拓展:greenhouse effect 温室效应
31. reusable adj. 可再度使用的,可多次使用的
· 释义:able to be used again 可重复使用的
· 例句:We should use reusable bags to reduce waste.(我们应该使用可重复使用的袋子来减少浪费。)
· 拓展:reuse v. 再利用;reusability n. 可再用性
32. brochure n. 小册子
· 释义:a small book or magazine containing pictures and information about sth 小册子
· 例句:The travel brochure shows many beautiful places.(这本旅游小册子展示了许多美丽的地方。)
· 拓展:leaflet n. 传单,小册子(更侧重广告宣传)
33. reduce v. 减少,降低
· 释义:make sth smaller or less in size, amount, etc. 减少
· 例句:We should reduce our use of plastic.(我们应该减少塑料的使用。)
· 拓展:reduction n. 减少;reduced adj. 减少的
34. solar adj. 利用太阳光(能)的
· 释义:using the energy from the sun 太阳能的
· 例句:The house is equipped with solar panels.(这所房子安装了太阳能板。)
· 拓展:solar energy 太阳能;solar system 太阳系
35. release v. 释放,排放
· 释义:allow sth to escape or be freed 释放
· 例句:Factories release a lot of pollutants into the air.(工厂向空气中排放大量污染物。)
· 拓展:release n. 释放,发行;released adj. 已发布的,已释放的
36. smog n. 烟雾,雾霾
· 释义:a mixture of smoke and fog that causes air pollution 烟雾,雾霾
· 例句:The city is often covered in smog.(这座城市经常被雾霾笼罩。)
· 拓展:smoggy adj. 烟雾弥漫的
37. fog n. 雾
· 释义:a thick cloud of very small drops of water close to the ground or sea 雾
· 例句:The fog made driving very difficult.(大雾使开车非常困难。)
· 拓展:foggy adj. 有雾的
38. severe adj. (问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的
· 释义:very serious or bad 严重的
· 例句:He has a severe illness.(他患了重病。)
· 拓展:severely adv. 严重地;severity n. 严重,严厉
39. infection n. 感染,传染病
· 释义:the act of causing disease in the body by germs 感染
· 例句:The infection spread quickly.(感染迅速传播。)
· 拓展:infect v. 感染;infected adj. 被感染的
40. lecture n. (尤指大学里的)讲座,讲课,演讲
· 释义:a talk given to a group of people to teach them about a particular subject 讲座
· 例句:I attended a lecture on history yesterday.(我昨天参加了一场历史讲座。)
· 拓展:lecture v. 讲课,演讲;lecturer n. 讲师
41. permission n. 允许,许可
· 释义:the act of allowing sb to do sth 允许
· 例句:You need permission to enter the building.(你需要得到许可才能进入这栋楼。)
· 拓展:permit v. 允许;permissible adj. 可允许的
42. slide n. 幻灯片
· 释义:a small piece of film that you put into a projector to show a picture 幻灯片
· 例句:The speaker used slides to illustrate his points.(演讲者用幻灯片阐述他的观点。)
· 拓展:slide v. 滑动;slide show 幻灯片展示
43. majority n. 多数,大多数(人或物)
· 释义:the larger number or part of sth 多数
· 例句:The majority of students support the new policy.(大多数学生支持新政策。)
· 拓展:反义词 minority;in the majority 占多数
44. false adj. 不正确的,错误的
· 释义:not true or correct 错误的
· 例句:The information he gave is false.(他提供的信息是错误的。)
· 拓展:falsehood n. 谎言;falsely adv. 错误地
45. amount n. 数量,数额
· 释义:a quantity of sth 数量
· 例句:We need a large amount of water.(我们需要大量的水。)
· 拓展:amount v. 总计,等于;a large amount of 大量的(修饰不可数名词)
46. device n. 设备,仪器,装置
· 释义:an object or a piece of equipment that has been designed to do a particular job 设备
· 例句:This is a new device for cleaning the floor.(这是一种新型的清洁地板的设备。)
· 拓展:electronic device 电子设备
47. stand - by adj. 备用的
· 释义:ready to be used if needed 备用的
· 例句:We have a stand - by generator in case of power failure.(我们有一台备用发电机以防停电。)
· 拓展:stand by 支持,袖手旁观;stand - by equipment 备用设备
48. mode n. (机器、设备的)运行方式,状态,模式
· 释义:a particular way in which sth operates or is done 模式
· 例句:You can change the mode of the machine.(你可以改变机器的运行模式。)
· 拓展:operating mode 操作模式;in...mode 处于…… 模式
49. electricity n. 电
· 释义:a form of energy that can be used to provide light, heat, power for machines, etc. 电
· 例句:The electricity went out last night.(昨晚停电了。)
· 拓展:electrical adj. 电的,与电有关的;electric adj. 电动的,带电的
50. leak v. (使)漏,(使)渗漏
· 释义:allow liquid or gas to escape through a hole or crack 漏,渗漏
· 例句:The pipe is leaking water.(水管在漏水。)
· 拓展:leak n. 漏洞,泄漏;leaky adj. 漏的
51. appliance n. 家用电器,家用器具
· 释义:a piece of equipment, especially electrical, used in the home 家用电器
· 例句:We bought a new kitchen appliance.(我们买了一台新的厨房电器。)
· 拓展:household appliance 家用电器
52. remove v. 移走,搬走,去掉
· 释义:take sth/sb away from a place 移走
· 例句:Please remove the books from the table.(请把书从桌子上拿走。)
· 拓展:removal n. 移动,去除;removed adj. 远离的,移开的
53. plug n. (电)插头
· 释义:a small plastic or rubber object with two or three metal pins that you push into an electric socket to connect electrical equipment to the supply of electricity 插头
· 例句:Insert the plug into the socket.(把插头插入插座。)
· 拓展:plug v. 插入,塞住;plug
54. take...into account 把…… 考虑进去
· 释义:consider sth when making a decision or judgment 考虑
· 例句:We should take the cost into account when choosing a hotel.(选择酒店时我们应该把费用考虑进去。)
· 拓展:同义词组 take...into consideration;也可以说 take account of sth 或 take consideration of sth
55. litre n. 升,公升
· 释义:a unit for measuring the volume of liquids 升(液体体积单位)
· 例句:This bottle can hold two litres of water.(这个瓶子能装两升水。)
· 拓展:复数形式为 litres;millilitre n. 毫升(1 litre = 1000 millilitres)
56. campaign n. (宣传)活动
· 释义:a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim (宣传)活动
· 例句:The company launched a new marketing campaign.(这家公司发起了一场新的营销活动。)
· 拓展:campaign v. 参加运动,发起运动(campaign for/against sth 为支持 / 反对某事而开展活动)
57. urge v. 竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促
· 释义:try hard to persuade sb to do sth 竭力主张,敦促
· 例句:The teacher urged the students to study hard for the exam.(老师敦促学生们为考试努力学习。)
· 拓展:urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事;urgent adj. 紧急的;urgency n. 紧急,紧迫性
58. canteen n. (工厂、学校等的)食堂,餐厅
· 释义:a place in a factory, school, etc. where people can buy and eat food 食堂,餐厅
· 例句:We usually have lunch in the school canteen.(我们通常在学校食堂吃午饭。)
· 拓展:也可用 cafeteria 表示类似意思,cafeteria 更常指自助餐厅
59. concerned adj. 焦急的,担忧的
· 释义:worried or anxious 担忧的
· 例句:Parents are concerned about their children's safety.(家长们担心孩子们的安全。)
· 拓展:be concerned about/for sth/sb 对某事 / 某人担心;concern n. 担心,忧虑(show concern for 对…… 表示关心)
60. contribute v. 促成,造成(某事发生)
· 释义:help to cause or bring about sth 促成
· 例句:Smoking contributes to lung cancer.(吸烟会导致肺癌。)
· 拓展:contribute to sth 对…… 有贡献,有助于;contribution n. 贡献(make a contribution to 对…… 做出贡献)
61. average adj. 平均(数)的
· 释义:calculated by adding several amounts together, finding a total, and dividing the total by the number of amounts 平均的
· 例句:The average temperature in summer here is 28 degrees Celsius.(这里夏季的平均气温是 28 摄氏度。)
· 拓展:on average 平均来说;average n. 平均数(The average of 2, 4 and 6 is 4. 2、4、6 的平均数是 4。);average v. 平均为(The rainfall there averages 800 mm a year. 那里年平均降雨量为 800 毫米。)
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