专题10 动词时态（2）（课件）-2025年中考二轮语法专题复习讲与练

中考二轮语法专题复习 讲与练 专题9-1 动词时态二 目录 01. 现在进行时 04. 即时训练 03. 现在完成时 02. 过去进行时 01 现在进行时 一、用法：用于表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作（动作尚未结束）。如， They are watching TV now. 他们现在正在看电视。 Listen! The bird is singing in the tree. 听! 鸟儿正在树上唱歌。 二、标志词：常见的时间状语有now, at the moment等。 如果句首有提示性动词look, listen等, 主句也用现在进行时。 如， Look , they are dacing happily. 三、构成： 主语+ is/am/are + ving +--- ving的构成形式： 1）一般情况下直接加-ing，如 study – studying 2) 以辅音字母加不发音的e结尾的，去e加-ing，如，make – making. 3) 重度闭音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ing. 如,swim – swimming. 【巧学妙记】现在进行时构成口诀 句子的主语在句首, am, is, are动词跟在后。 现在分词跟着走, 其他成分不可丢。 表示动作正进行, 句中now时间定。 一般疑问句很简单, be动词提到前。 否定句式也简单, be后只把not添。 02过去进行时 一、用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作。(动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明) 如， ---What were you doing at eight last night? ---I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday. 二、构成形式：主语+was/ were +ving +--- 三、句式特点：1.一般疑问句：Was/ were +主语 +ving+---？ 2. 否定句：主语+wasn’t/weren’t +ving+--- 如，---Were you doing the dishes? ---Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t. 四、标志词和句型 1.过去某一时刻：具体时刻+大的过去时间，如，at this time last night； at 9：00 yesterday 1）What were you doing at eight last night? 2）I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday. 2.句型 1）when 从句：一般过去时，主句：过去进行时 2）while从句：过去进行时， 主句：一般过去时或过去进行时。如， I was writing a letter when my mother came in. While I was writing, my mother came in. 【注意】延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时, 另一个短暂性动作用一般过去时。while 从句动词多为延续性动词，when从句即可用延续性动词也可用瞬间动词。如，My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. 表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行, 不考虑动作的先后顺序, 主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时, 连词常用while。例如: The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework. 03现在完成时 一、构成： have/has + 动词的过去分词 （have/has + been + ving） 二、用法：现在完成时的用法主要有两个。 1.已完成性用法：过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 常用的时间状语有：already(多用于肯定句), yet(多用于否定句和疑问句), ever, never, just,before等。 如，I haven't had my breakfast yet. so I'm hungry now. I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。(已知电影内容) 2. 持续性用法（现在完成进行时）：用来表达某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在（动作没有结束）。 常和一段时间状语连用：for + 时间段， since + 过去时间点或从句（从句时态：一般过去时）；by now, so far， in the past/ last + 一段时间。 如，I've studied ( have been studying)English for two years. = I've studied( have been studying) English since two years ago. Lucy has played(has been playing) the piano since she was seven yesrs old. I have changed a lot in the last three years. 【注】在持续性用法里面，谓语动词多为延续性动词。 1) 延续性动词与瞬间动词 延续性动词表示的动作是一种延续性动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。瞬间动词也称非延续性动词，终止性动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生，立即结束，产生某种结果，有了某种结果后就不能在延续下去。 瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用，要和一段时间状语连用必须把瞬间动词转换为延续性动词。 2）常用的瞬间性动词和延续性动词之间的转换: buy --- have , borrow --- keep, join --- be in, begin --- be on , leave --- be away (from), die ---be dead, open ---be open, close ---be closed, catch/get a cold ---have a cold, get married---be married. 如， ［误］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks. ［正］ I have kept this book for two weeks. I bought this book yesterday.我昨天买的这本书。 I have had this book for two days. 这本书我已买了两天了。 My father died five years ago. 我父亲是5年前去世的。 My father has been dead for five years. 我父亲已去世5年了。 三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯的叙述过去发生的事情, 强调过去, 与具体的表示过去的时间连用。现在完成时的动作虽然是发生在过去, 但是对现在有影响。 Tom lived in Beijing two years ago. 两年前汤姆住在北京。(不知道现在是否还住在北京) Tom has lived in Beijing for two years. 汤姆住在北京两年了。(现在汤姆还在北京) 四、have/has gone (to) 与 have/ has been (to)区别 have gone to 是到某地去了（没有回来），此人现在不在这里。 have been to 是到过某地（已经回来），现在此人在说话现场。 如，This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries. ---Where is your father? ---He has gone to Beijing. ---How soon will he come back? ---In three days. 【巧学妙记】现在完成时的用法 英语现在完成时, 谓语结构要牢记; “have/has+过去分词”主要用法有两个; 动作发生在过去, 结果影响到现在; 常用just, already, 过去的动作或状态; 一直延续到现在, for和since把时间带。 04 即时训练 用所给动词适当形式填空 1. —Cathy, can you answer the door? I _____ (clean) the room. —I’m coming, mum. 2. —Mum, where is Dad? —He _____ (plant) flowers in the garden now. 3. We’re proud that China ___ (become) stronger and stronger these years. 4. —Hi, Wang Ning! How’s the weather in Zibo now? —It is terrible. It _____ (rain)all the morning. 5. Now Jerry ____ (discuss)the exchange programme with his classmates in the meeting room. 答案: 1. am cleaning　2. is planting　3. is becoming 4. is raining　5. is discussing 6. —Miss Lin _______ (help)my deskmate with her lessons when I left school. —She is really a nice teacher. 7. I saw Jeff in the park. He ______ (sit)on the grass and reading a book. 8. Tim Cook called his mother every week even while he _____ (travel)around the world. 9. —I called you at eight o’clock last night, but nobody answered. —Oh, I ______ (take)a shower at that time. 10. —Our classmates went to a concert yesterday afternoon. —What a pity! I _____ (do)my homework. 答案: 6. was helping　7. was sitting　8. was traveling 9. was taking　10. was doing 11. Monica, you __________ (pass)the exam! Congratulations! 12. My grandparents __________ (live)in that city since 2008. 13. I __________ (read)the book Little Woman, but I’ll let you read it first. 14. So far, the AIIB(亚投行) __________ (attract)57 countries to be the founding members. 15. Lei Feng __________ (dead)for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. 答案: 1. have passed　2. have lived　3. haven’t read 4. has attracted　5. has been dead Thank you for listening $$