内容正文:
专题01名词、冠词、代词
第一部分 名词
考点要求
课标要求
命题预测
名词的数
· 能够识别并正确使用可数名词的单数和复数形式,不可数名词及修饰语,不可数名词的数量表达
名词的考点常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空的形式进行考查,语法填空中名词考查的命题点有:名词和其他词性之间的转换、名词的单复数、名词所有格等。
名词所有格
· -’s所有格的构成及用法,双重所有格的构成
名词的变形
· 名词可变为动词或者形容词
考点一 名词的数
考法01 可数名词及其单、复数
1. (2024·湖南省卷)At the weekend we play many 54 (kind) of music.
【答案】kinds
【解析】句意:句意:在周末我们演奏许多种音乐。考查名词复数。根据空前many(许多)后面接名词复数形式,可知空处使用复数。kind种类,名词。复数形式为kinds。故填kinds
2. (2023·湖南怀化卷) Large hospitals and new schools are built. There are many new roads and ___65___ (bridge).
【答案】bridges
【解析】句意:有许多新的道路和桥。此空与roads构成并列关系,所以此空应填复数形式,故填bridges。
3. (2024·湖南长沙卷)According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits to each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special ___28___ (meaning).
【答案】meanings
【28题详解】句意:根据传统,人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果,因为它们承载着许多特殊的含义。many修饰可数名词复数,故填meanings。
考法02 不可数名词
(2022·湖南郴州卷)The neighbor advised him. “The sheep has been lost. It’s no use repairing the sheepfold.” He didn’t take the neighbor’s kind ____55____.(advice)
【答案】advice
【解析】句意:邻居劝他。“羊丢了。修羊圈没有用。他没有接受邻居的善意劝告。根据“He didn’t take the neighbor’s kind”结合备选词汇可知这个牧羊人没有听邻居的建议,advice是不可数名词,故填advice。
1. 可数名词复数的规则变化
规则变化
示 例
1 大多数名词在词尾加-s
letter→ letters, cat→ cats, boy→ boys, desk→ desks
② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es
class→ classes, box→ boxes, watch→ watches, brush→ brushes
③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es
hobby→ hobbies, city→ cities, country→ countries
④ 以o结尾的名词,大多数加-s,少数加-es
加-s: radio→ radios, zoo→ zoos, photo→ photos, piano→ pianos
加-es: hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, potato→ potatoes
⑤ 部分以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加-es
knife→ knives, half→ halves
用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词:
树叶 半 数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,
架后窜出一只狼,就像盗贼逃命忙。
leaf树叶 half一半 self 自己 wife妻子 knife 小刀
Shelf 架子 wolf 狼 thief 贼 life 生命
注意:可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用,有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。
2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化
不规则变化
示 例
① 变化元音字母构成复数
foot→ feet, goose→ geese, tooth→ teeth, man→ men,
woman→ women
② 单复数形式相同
sheep, deer, fish (注意:fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形;指鱼的种类时复数是fishes)
③ 特殊变化
child→ children, mouse→ mice, ox→ oxen
3. 其他情况:
① “某国人”变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面。如:
中日不变:Chinese, Japanese
英法变:Englishman→ Englishmen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen
其余-s加后面:Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians
② 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数,一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如:
a girl student→ two girl students, a story book→ ten story books
复合词中第一个词是man或woman时,两个名词都变为复数形式。如:
a man worker→ three men workers, a woman doctor→ six women doctors
③ 只表示复数意义的名词:trousers, clothes, police, people, cattle (牛;家畜)
④ 集体名词family, team, class, couple, group等视为整体时,表示单数意义;指这些集体的成员时,则表示复数意义。如:
My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。
All my family enjoy skiing. 我们全家人都喜欢滑雪。
4. 不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与不定冠词a/an连用。抽象名词和物质名词一般是不可数名词。
(1)常见的不可数名词
物质类:air, beef, beer, bread, candy, cheese, chicken, chocolate, coffee, cotton, coal, electricity, fire, fish, food, fruit, furniture, glass, grass, gold, hair, ice, ink, juice, land, light, meat, medicine, milk, oil, paper, pork, rain, rice, salt, snow, soup, sugar, tea, water, wind, wine, wood
抽象类:advice, age, beauty, danger, death, energy, fear, fun, failure, happiness, health, help, homework, housework, information, joy, love, luck, knowledge, money, music, nature, news, pleasure, progress, safety, sleep, success, surprise, time, trouble, truth, weather, work
(2)不可数名词的数
① 不可数名词常借助于量词表示一定的数量。常见的量词有a piece of, a bottle of, a cup of等。如:
a piece of furniture一件家具 some pieces of paper几张纸
two bags of rice两袋米
② 有些名词表示物质或抽象概念是不可数的,而在表示个体或种类时是可数的,如:
Two beers, please. 请来两杯啤酒。
It was a special tea. 它是一种特殊的茶。
As a teacher, she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she spends little time looking after her child. 作为一名教师她是一个成功的人,但是作为一位母亲,她是一个失败者,因为她几乎没有时间照顾自己的孩子。
3)有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但意思不同。
名词
词义
可数
不可数
change
变化
零钱
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
exercise
习题
锻炼
experience
经历
经验
fish
鱼(类)
鱼肉
(4)修饰可数或不可数名词的常用词:
只修饰可数名词
a few 一些, few 没几个, many 很多, a large number of 大量的
只修饰不可数名词
a little 一点儿, little 没多少, much 很多, a large amount of 大量的,
a great deal of 大量的, a bit of 一点儿
既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词
some 一些, any 任何, a lot of 很多, lots of 很多,
plenty of 大量的
考点二 名词所有格
1. (2024·黑龙江)It is reported that 30 __________(minute) walk every day is healthy enough.(用单词适当形式填空)
【答案】 minutes’
【详解】句意:据报道,每天步行30分钟就足够健康了。minute“分钟”,可数名词,被30修饰,用其复数形式。此处指30分钟的步行,故用复数名词所有格minutes’,作定语修饰walk。故填minutes'。
形式
用法
构成
示 例
’s所有格
用于有生命的及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词
直接加’s
Mike’s basketball 迈克的篮球
yesterday’s newspaper 昨天的报纸
以s结尾的复数名词只加’
Teachers’ Day 教师节
twenty minutes’ walk 步行二十分钟
并列名词所有格
Tom and John’s room 汤姆和约翰的房间 (共同拥有)
Tom’s and John’s rooms 汤姆的房间和约翰的房间(各自拥有)
of所有格
主要用于无生命的名词
A of B
the name of the book 书名
the middle of the park 公园中间
双重所有格
表示部分或其中之一
A of B’s
a classmate of Mary’s 玛丽的一个同学
some friends of my brother’s
我哥哥的一些朋友
考点三 名词的变形
1. (2024·湖南长沙卷)Orchids say, “Wish you to be ___30___ (luck), successful and happy.” During the holiday period, this plant is a must.
【答案】 lucky
【详解】句意:兰花的意思是:“祝你幸运、成功、快乐。” 在节日期间,这种植物是必须的。此处在句中作表语,用其形容词形式,故填lucky。
2. (2022·湖南长沙)Usually, it takes about one or two years to build a house in the ____43____ (tradition) way.
【答案】 traditional
【详解】句意:通常,用传统的方式建造一所房子需要一到两年的时间。tradition“传统”,名词,空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词“way”。故填traditional。
1. One of my (father) friends came round last night.
【答案】father's
【解析】【分析】句意: 我父亲的一个朋友昨晚来了。father,父亲,名词。 空格前是形容词性物主代词my我的,它表示所属关系,后面通常跟名词或名词所有格;空格后由于friends已经是名词,所以空格处应该填入一个名词所有格,表示与friends的所属关系; father 的名词所有格是 father's。故答案为: father's 。
2. Peter's parents are worried about him because he always doesn't have any (plan) for his study.
【答案】plans
【解析】【分析】句意: 彼得的父母很担心他,因为他对学习总是没有任何计划。 plan计划,可数名词,前面是any,此处指不止一个计划,用名词复数,故填plans。
3. They finished their meal in total (silent).
【答案】silence
【解析】【分析】句意: 他们默默地吃完了一顿饭。silent沉默的,形容词,silence沉默,不可数名词,in total silence 默不作声,固定搭配,故填silence。
4. After Tom heard the good news, his eyes shone with (happy).
【答案】happiness
【解析】【分析】句意:汤姆听到这个好消息之后,他的眼睛高兴地闪烁。happy是形容词,高兴的,介词with后面用名词,happiness是名词,不可数,意为"高兴开心",故答案为happiness。
5. The meeting has two (subject) — environment and nature.
【答案】subjects
【解析】【分析】句意:会议有两个主题——环境和自然。subject是可数名词,主题,由two可知subject用复数subjects,故答案为subjects。
6. Do you have (difficult) in learning English?
【答案】difficulty
【解析】【分析】句意:在学习英语方面,你有困难吗?difficult是形容词,困难的,have difficulty in doing sth是固定搭配,做某事情有困难,difficulty是名词,困难,故答案为difficulty。
7. In ancient (time), books were produced by hand.
【答案】times
【解析】【分析】句意: 在古代,书籍是手工制作的。 time时期,时代,可数名词,前无限定词修饰,因此要用其复数形式,in ancient times在古代,固定搭配,故填times。
8. Peter is the same (high) as his father. They are both 1. 75m tall.
【答案】height
【解析】【分析】句意: 彼得和他父亲一样高。他们俩都是1.75米高。 high,高的,形容词。空处在句中做表语且被形容词same修饰,空处表示"高度", height ,不可数名词,符合语境。故填height。
9. My grandfather keeps five (sheep) on his farm.
【答案】sheep
【解析】【分析】句意:我的爷爷在他的农场上养了五只羊。sheep是可数名词,羊,根据five可知sheep用复数,sheep单复数同形,故答案为sheep。
10. David decided to lose (weigh) by eating less and doing more sports.
【答案】weight
【解析】【分析】句意:他决定通过吃更少和做更多运动减肥。weigh,动词,重达、重;名词,weight,固定打怕lose weight,减肥,故填weight。
11. This morning, Betty received an (invite) to attend the party.
【答案】invitation
【解析】【分析】句意:今天早上,贝蒂收到了一份参加聚会的邀请。 invite ,邀请,动词。空处在句中作宾语,故空处应用名词,空处表示"邀请",invitation,可数名词,空处被an修饰,故空处宾语应用可数名词invitation的单数形式。故填invitation。
12. Not all the (suggest) are useful. So try to choose wisely.
【答案】suggestions
【解析】【分析】句意:不是所有的建议都有用。因此请理智选择。suggest,动词,建议;所填词被all the修饰,是可数名词复数形式,suggestion,可数名词,建议;故填suggestions。
13. Can I borrow your camera to take some (photo)?
【答案】photos
【解析】【分析】句意:我可以借你的相机拍照吗?photo是可数名词,照片,根据some可知photo用复数photos,故答案为photos。
14. Now more and more schools pay attention to the full (develop) of the students' talents.
【答案】development
【解析】【分析】句意:现在越来越多的学校关注学生的才能的全面发展。develop发展,动词。根据句意可知,空处应用名词作动词短语pay attention to的宾语。所以这里用其名词形式,表示"才能的全面发展",develop的名词为development,是不可数名词。故填development。
15. Edison was a great man with so many (invent).
【答案】inventions
【解析】【分析】句意: 爱迪生是一个有许多发明的伟人。 invent发明,动词,前面是many,此处需要可数名词复数,根据 Edison was a great man with so many 可知,此处指发明,invention,可数名词,故填inventions。
16. The firemen who put out the forest fires bravely are the modern (hero).
【答案】heroes
【解析】【分析】句意:勇敢扑灭森林大火的消防员是现代英雄。hero英雄,可数名词。根据主语 The firemen 消防员,为复数,可知表语也应用复数形式heroes。故答案为:heroes。
17. There is an age (different) between Mr Smith and his wife.
【答案】difference
【解析】【分析】句意:史密斯先生和他的妻子年龄不同。different不同的,形容词。根据空格前不定冠词an,可知应填可数名词单数difference"不同点"。故答案为:difference。
18. With the development of science and technology, people's (life) have improved a lot.
【答案】lives
【解析】【分析】句意:随着科学和技术的发展,人们的生活改善了很多。 life"生活",可数名词,此处作主语,结合谓语动词have improved,可知应用复数名词,故填lives。
19.Mr White asked his son to explain all his strange (action).
【答案】actions
【解析】【分析】句意:White先生让他的儿子解释他所有奇怪的行为。action"行动",可数名词,此处作宾语,结合空前的all,可知应用复数名词,故填actions。
20. The new film has got many good (review)since it was on.
【答案】reviews
【解析】【分析】句意:自从这部新电影上映以来,它已经获得了很多好评。review"评论",名词,此处名词作宾语,结合空前的many,后接名词复数形式,故填reviews。
21. Mr Wang is one of the greatest (teacher)in our school.
【答案】teachers
【解析】【分析】句意:王先生是我们学校最伟大的老师之一。teacher"教师",名词,结合空前的one of"......的之一",后接名词复数,故填teachers。
22. We all know good (communicate) is important in modern society.
【答案】communication
【解析】【分析】句意:我们都知道良好的沟通在现代社会是重要的。communicate,沟通,交流,动词。结合语句We all know good ……is important in modern society. 可知,此空需要名词形式。communicate的名词形式为communication,不可数,故答案为communication。
23. The doctors are doing an (operate) on the boy's head at the moment.
【答案】operation
【解析】【分析】句意:医生们此刻正在给这个男孩的头部做手术。doing是动词do的现在分词,后面需要名词作宾语。operate"操作,运行",动词,其名词"手术",应用operation,结合空前的助动词an,可知应用单数名词,故填operation。
24. There are many (tradition) for the Double Ninth Festival to show people's wishes of long life for elderly people.
【答案】traditions
【解析】【分析】句意:重阳节有许多传统习俗来表达人们对老年人长寿的美好祝愿。tradition"传统",名词,根据空前的many可知,此处需要用其复数形式traditions来表示"许多传统习俗",作主语,故填traditions。
25.(2024九上·深圳开学考) The service of the waiter is so bad that I must make a about him to the manager.( complain)
【答案】complaint
【解析】【分析】句意: 服务员的服务很差,我必须向经理抱怨他。complain抱怨,动词;前面有不定冠词,此处用名词单数,make a complaint about sb to sb向某人抱怨某人,固定搭配,故填complaint。
26.(2024九上·深圳开学考) She used the car without asking her dad's ( permit).
【答案】permission
【解析】【分析】句意:她未经父亲许可就用了车。permit,允许,动词。根据空前的名词所有格"dad's"可知,空格处应填名词作动名词asking的宾语,根据句子语境分析可知,空处表示"允许",permission,不可数名词,符合语境。故填permission。
27.(2024九上·哈尔滨开学考) The (express)they use depend on whom they are speaking to or how well they know each other.
【答案】expressions
【解析】【分析】句意:他们使用的表达方式可能取决于他们在和谁说话,或者彼此之间相互了解的程度。express表达,动词。根据谓语动词"depend on"可知,空处作主语,根据所给单词可知,应是名词且是复数形式。 expressions"表达"符合题意。故填expressions。
28.(2024九上·哈尔滨开学考) But behind all these things lies the true meaning of Christmas: the (important)of sharing and giving love and joy to people around us.
【答案】importance
【解析】【分析】句意:但这一切的背后隐藏着圣诞节的真正意义:向我们周围的人分享以及给予爱和欢乐的重要性。important重要的,形容词。根据句意可知,此处的介词"of"前加名词,表达"……的重要性",importance"重要性"符合语境,指"分享以及给予爱和欢乐的重要性",且定冠词the后接名词单数,故填importance。
29.(2024九上·哈尔滨开学考) My (pronounce)improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies.
【答案】pronunciation
【解析】【分析】句意:通过听英语电影中的对话,我的发音水平也提高了。 pronounce"发音", 动词。空前的My是形容词性物主代词,其后接名词,结合提示词,空处应填名词pronunciation"发音",此处表示抽象意义的发音, 为不可数名词。故填pronunciation。
30. The (introduce) of the subways mainly shows the local culture of different cities.
【答案】introduction
【解析】【分析】句意:地铁的……主要展示了不同城市的当地文化。根据句意和句子结构可知,句子空白处为the的宾语,且此宾语被of the subways修饰,所以此空应该填一个名词。introduce的意思是介绍,其名词形式是introduction,意思是介绍;引进;引言;入门,是可数名词,故填introduction。
第二部分 冠词
考点要求
课标要求
命题预测
不定冠词
· 掌握不定冠词a/an的基本用法;常见的易混用不定冠词a和an的情况及常考的固定搭配
对于冠词的考查,以单项选择和语法填空为主,有时也会在完形填空、语法选择等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中,不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法,还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。
定冠词
· 掌握定冠词的基本用法和易错点及定冠词常考固定搭配
零冠词
· 掌握零冠词基本用法和易错点及零冠词常考固定搭配
考法01 不定冠词
1. (2024·湖南省卷)I started by washing dishes when I was only18. I worked hard, and soon became 47. waiter.
【答案】a
【解析】考查不定冠词。句意:我从18岁就开始洗碗。我努力工作,很快就成为服务员。根据空后waiter(服务员)为名词,空处表示泛指,使用不定冠词。waiter以辅音音素开头,使用不定冠词a。故填a。
2. (2023·湖南怀化卷)Many people often leave their hometowns to work in the cities. Zhang Bin, ___61___ 46-year- old man from Huaihua, is one such person.
【答案】a
【解析】考查不定冠词。句意:来自怀化的46岁男子张斌就是这样一个人。此处表示泛指,且46对应的英文是forty-six,是以辅音音素开头的,故填a。
3. (2023·湖南常德卷) —What do you want to be when you grow up?
—I want to be ________ actor.
【答案】an
【解析】句意:——你长大后想做什么?——我想成为一名演员。此处泛指一名演员,actor首字母发元音音素,故填an。
考法02 定冠词
1. (2023·湖南永州卷)At _________ beginning, many people in Europe refused to eat tomatoes because they thought the fruit was dangerous.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。句意:起初,许多欧洲人拒绝吃西红柿,因为他们认为这种水果很危险。此处是固定短语at the beginning“起初”,故填the。
考点1 冠词的分类
分类
说明
例子
不定冠词
a
用于以辅音音素开头的单词前
a gift 一份礼物,a plane 一架飞机,a useful book 一本有用的书
an
用于以元音音素开头的单词前
an hour 一小时,an apple 一个苹果,an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩
定冠词
the
只有一种形式,一般用于特指
the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔,the Chinese movie 那部中国影片
考点2 冠词的基本用法
一、 不定冠词a、an的用法
1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前,泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别:
(1)若随后的单词以辅音音素开头,用 a。如:a lot of,a good idea,a pear。
(2)若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用 an。如:an example,an orange,an apple。
二、定冠词the的用法
用法
例子
1. 用于特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。
This is the city where my grandfather once lived.
2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。
Would you mind my opening the window?
3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用"a或an",以后再次提到用"the")
Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree.
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
Spring is the first season of a year.
This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen.
5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。
in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面
at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部
6. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。
the sun, the moon, play the piano
7. 用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。
The Turners are at breakfast table.
8. 与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。
The young should help the old.
9. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the Great Wall, the United States
10. 用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。
play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴
【注意】常见、易错的固定表达
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影
in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 在去……去的路上
三、不用冠词的情况
用法
例子
1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。
Paper is made of wood.
2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。
Go along this road.
Every student likes English in our class.
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。
My parents are teachers.
4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。
Today is Children’s Day.
It’s hot in summer.
5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。
He went to school without breakfast.
Let’s play football after school.
6.在某些固定短语中。
in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school
1. Tony is honest boy and his friends trust whatever he says. (填入一个适当的冠词)
【答案】an
【解析】【分析】句意:Tony是一个诚实的男孩儿,他的朋友相信他所说的一切。boy在句中第一次提到,要表达一个男孩儿,honest是元音音素开头,因此用an,故填an。
2.Miriam thought,"A magic seed? Maybe it's Uncle Esai's joke, but why not have try?"(填入适当的冠词)
【答案】a
【解析】【分析】句意: Miriam 想:"一颗神奇的种子?也许这是 Esai叔叔的笑话,但为什么不试试呢?have a try固定短语,"试一试",故填a。
3. Jenny ordered a hamburger and hamburger was nice.
【答案】the
【解析】【分析】句意:Jenny点了一个汉堡,这个汉堡很好。这个好吃的汉堡特指上句中我点的那个,需要用到定冠词the表示特指,故填the。
4. Bob is my brother. He likes playing basketball, but he doesn't like playing piano.
【答案】/;the
【解析】【分析】句意:Bob是我哥哥。他喜欢打篮球,但是他不喜欢弹钢琴。固定搭配play basketball,打篮球;play the piano,弹钢琴;故填/,the。
5. Tracy, exchange student from Norway, is university student in Heilongjiang now.
【答案】an;a
【解析】【分析】句意:Tracy,来自挪威的交换生,现在是黑龙江的一名大学生。根据"exchange student from Norway"可知此处要表达一名来自挪威的交换生,用不定冠词表示一,exchange是元音音素开头,因此用an;根据" is…… university student in Heilongjiang now."可知此处要表达是一名大学生,用不定冠词表示一,university是辅音音素开头,用a表示一,故填an,a。
6. My mother is making apple pie and I want to try piece later.
【答案】an;a
【解析】【分析】句意:我妈妈正在制作一个苹果派,之后我想试一块。根据" My mother is making…… apple pie"可知此处要表达制作一个苹果派,用不定冠词表示一,apple是元音音素开头,因此第一空用an;根据"I want to try …… piece later."可知此处要表达之后我想吃一块,用不定冠词表示一,piece是辅音音素开头,因此用a,故填an,a。
7. James is hard-working engineer. His spirit encourages us.
【答案】a
【解析】【分析】句意:James是一位勤奋的工程师。他的精神鼓舞我们。engineer,可数名词,工程师;此处泛指众多工程师中的一个,用不定冠词表示一,hard-working是辅音音素开头,因此用a,故填a。
8. Su Yiming is excellent sports star who made a great success in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
【答案】an
【解析】【分析】句意:苏翊鸣是在北京2022年冬奥会上取得巨大成功的一名优秀体育明星。根据Su Yiming is1excellent sports star可知,苏翊鸣是一位体育明星,所以此处表示泛指,且excellent为元音音素开头的单词,所以要用an,故答案为an。
9. I usually have egg and some bread for breakfast. (填入恰当的冠词或不填 /)
【答案】an
【解析】【分析】我早餐通常吃一个鸡蛋和一些面包。根据句意,"我"早餐通常吃一个(an)鸡蛋和一些面包。此处泛指一个鸡蛋,应使用不定冠词来表示泛指。egg 意为"鸡蛋",是可数名词,且egg 以元音音素开头,使用不定冠词 an符合题意,故填an。
10. Daqing is in north of China and it has population of more than 2.7 million.
【答案】the;a
【解析】【分析】句意:大庆位于中国的北部,有270多万人口。in the north of China在中国北部,表示方位,要用定冠词the,has a population of,……的人口,此处指,有270多万人口,故填the,a。
11. Ben watched Tom and Jerry yesterday. cartoon made him laugh. (填入恰当的冠词或不填 /)
【答案】The
【解析】【分析】句意:本昨天看了《汤姆和杰瑞》。这部卡通片使他笑了。根据 Ben watched Tom and Jerry yesterday.可知,此空特指前文提到的《汤姆和杰瑞》这部卡通片,所以用冠词the表特指,故答案为The。
12. I got dog yesterday as birthday gift. dog is very cute and I like it. (填入恰当的冠词或不填 /)
【答案】a;a;The
【解析】【分析】句意:昨天我得到了一条狗作为生日礼物。这只狗很可爱,我喜欢它。根据后文I like it可知,前面应该是一条狗作为一个礼物,所以要用a/an表示数量"一"。dog和birthday是辅音音素开头的,所以用a即可。根据 I got 1 dog可知,前一个句子已经提到一次dog了,此处再一次提到应用定冠词the修饰,故答案为a,a,The。
13. After school, I bought present for my mother. (填入恰当的冠词或不填 /)
【答案】a
【解析】【分析】句意:放学后,我给妈妈买了一件礼物。根据I bought 1 present for my mother可知,第二空指"一份礼物",表泛指,且present是以辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
14. My friend and I sat at a table with large pot in the middle. (填入恰当的冠词或不填 /)
【答案】a
【解析】【分析】句意:我和我的朋友坐在一张桌子旁,中间放着一个大锅。根据large pot in the middle可知,大锅在中间,所以此处应该与a table相对应,此处应该指一口大锅,且large是辅音字母开头的单词,所以此处用a即可,故答案为a。
15. Judy read unusual report from Kaili Evening on 10th June. (填入恰当的冠词或不填 /)
【答案】an
【解析】【分析】句意:6月10日,迪读了《凯里晚报》一篇不同寻常的报道。根据unusual report可知,此处表示"一篇不同寻常的报道",表泛指,且unusual是以元音音素开头的,故填an。
16.At age of 18, Dong Lin went to Cambridge, very famous university in Britain.
【答案】the;a
【解析】【分析】句意: 18岁时,林东去了剑桥,一所英国非常著名的大学。 at the age of在……岁时,在……年纪,固定短语。第二空表泛指,用不定冠词,very是以辅音音素开头的单词,前面用不定冠词a。故填the,a。
17.English is really useful language. More and more people around world are learning it.
【答案】a;the
【解析】【分析】句意: 英语确实是一门有用的语言。世界上越来越多的人正在学习它。第一空表泛指,用不定冠词,useful是以辅音音素开头的单词,前面用不定冠词a;around the world世界各地,全世界,固定短语。故填a,the。
18.It's reported that terrible rainstorm hit southern part of our country last night.
【答案】a;the
【解析】【分析】句意: 据报道,昨晚一场特大暴雨袭击了我国南方。 第一空表泛指,且terrible是以辅音音素开头的单词,前面用不定冠词a;第二空方位词southern前用定冠词the。故填a,the。
【点评】考查冠词,注意不定冠词a表泛指,the用于方位前的用法。
19.Mr Smith told me that book on floor was English book, and it was mine.
【答案】the;the;an
【解析】【分析】句意: 史密斯先生告诉我地板上的书是一本英语书,而且是我的。 第一空表特指,用定冠词;on the floor在地板上;第三空表泛指,且English是以元音音素开头的单词,前面用不定冠词an。故填the,the,an。
20.On Sundays, I often play soccer, but my sister plays violin at home.
【答案】/;/;the
【解析】【分析】句意: 星期天,我经常踢足球,但我姐姐在家拉小提琴。 on Sundays在星期天,星期前不用冠词;play soccer踢足球,球类前不用冠词;play the violin拉小提琴,乐器前用定冠词the。故填/,/,the。
21.The students always have bread and porridge for dinner.
【答案】/;/
【解析】【分析】句意: 学生们晚饭总是吃面包和粥。have bread and porridge,吃面包和粥,饭食前不用冠词;for dinner吃晚饭,三餐前不用冠词。故填/,/。
22.We can see sun in the day and moon at night.
【答案】the;the
【解析】【分析】句意: 我们可以在白天看到太阳,在晚上看到月亮。sun和moon是独一无二的事物,前面用定冠词the。故填the,the。
23.I often play violin after class but my classmates play soccer.
【答案】the;/
【解析】【分析】句意:下课后我经常拉小提琴,但是我的同学踢足球。play the violin拉小提琴,固定短语,乐器violin前用定冠词the;play soccer踢足球,固定搭配,球类名词soccer前不用冠词。故填the,/。
24.The girl who will perform at the party tomorrow comes from European country.
【答案】a
【解析】【分析】句意:明天要在晚会上表演的那个女孩来自一个欧洲国家。根据空后面的单数名词country,可知这里缺少不定冠词,European的第一个音素是/j/,是辅音音素 ,用a,故答案为a。
25.Everyone in the city should play part in protecting the environment.
【答案】a
【解析】【分析】句意:城市里的每个人都应该参与保护环境。根据固定搭配play a part in,参与,起作用,可知用不定冠词a,故答案为a。
26.My desk mate is one of most excellent students in our school.
【答案】the
【解析】【分析】句意:我的同桌是我们学校最优秀的学生之一。one of+形容词的最高级+名词的复数形式,表示最……其中之一。most excellent是形容词excellent的最高级形式,前面要用the,故答案为the。
27. When I went past the bank yesterday, I saw old man lying on the street.
【答案】an
【解析】【分析】句意:昨天我路过那家银行时,看见一位老人躺在街上。此处表示“一位老人”,表泛指,且old是以元音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词an修饰,故填an。
28.There is woman over there. woman is my English teacher.
【答案】a;The
【解析】【分析】那里有一个女人。这个女人是我的英语老师。指数量一时用不定冠词修饰名词,woman是以辅音音素开头,此处用不定冠词a;在上文提到的名词前用定冠词the,故答案为:a; The。
29.His brother joined the army in spring of 2015.
【答案】the;/
【解析】【分析】句意:他哥哥在2015年春天参军的。在2015春天,是特定的季节,名词前用点冠词the;年份的前面不使用冠词,故答案为:the;/。
30. Changjiang River is longest river in China.
【答案】The;the
【解析】【分析】句意:长江是中国最长的河流。Changjiang River长江,专有名词,在专有名词前用定冠词the;longest最长的,形容词最高级,在形容词最高级前用定冠词the,故答案为:The; the。
第三部分 代词
考点要求
课标要求
命题预测
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
· 掌握人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的基本用法
反身代词、物主代词、不定代词和疑问代词是中考的高频考点。比如名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的区别,疑问代词含义区分,不定代词的正确选用,都是考查的重点。
主要以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空为主。
不定代词
· 掌握不定代词在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语等用法
· 区分some / any / few / a few / little / a little,other / the other / others / the others / another,both / none / either / neither及复合不定代词的用法
it的用法
· 掌握代词it基本用法,常考it作形式主语或宾语的句型
疑问代词
指示代词
相互代词
关系代词
· 掌握疑问代词who、whose、whom、what、which等用法
· 指示代词this、these、that、those等
· 相互代词:each other,one another等
· 关系代词引导的定语从句
考法01 人称代词
1.(2024·湖南省卷)Simon, who was head chef(主厨)then, began to show 48. (I) how to cook.
【答案】me
【解析】考查人称代词宾格。句意:西蒙,那时是厨师长,开始教我如何做饭。根据空前teach(教)为动词,可知空处使用人称代词宾格。I我,人称代词主格;me我,人称代词宾格。故填me。
2. (2023·湖南郴州卷)For example, our parents may ask ____56____ about progress or decisions in life.
【答案】us
【解析】句意:例如,我们的父母可能会问我们关于生活中的进步或决定。根据“our parents may ask...about progress or decisions in life”可知,父母问我们关于生活中的进步或决定,用宾格us在动词后作宾语。故填us。
考法02 物主代词
1.(2024·湖南长沙卷)Kumquats (金橘), with ___33___ (they) golden color, ate a symbol of wealth and luck.
【答案】their
【解析】 句意:金黄色的金橘被认为是财富和幸运的象征。此处作定语修饰其后的名词,用形容词性物主代词their,故填their。
2. (2023·湖南怀化卷) The hometown is the place that holds ___70___ (he) best memories.
【答案】his
【解析】句意:家乡是拥有他最美好的回忆的地方。此空修饰名词memories,应填形容词性物主代词his,故填his。
3. (2023·湖南长沙卷)A parent or best friend would also love to receive ____38____ (you) letter.
【答案】your
【解析】句意:父母或最好的朋友也会很乐意收到你的信。此处在句中作定语修饰letter,用形容词性物主代词your。故填your。
考法03 反身代词
3.(2022·湖南岳阳卷)They get lots of life skills from these colorful clubs and have enough time to relax and think for ___49___.(they)
【答案】themselves
【解析】句意:他们从这些丰富多彩的俱乐部获得了很多生活技能,有足够的时间放松和独立思考。根据“have enough time to relax and think”可知,有时间独立思考,主语是they,其反身代词是themselves;故填themselves。
考法04 不定代词
4.(2023·湖南衡阳卷)—More and more teenagers are becoming interested in Xiangsheng and Xiaopin nowadays.
—Yeah, that’s because ________ can give people a big laugh.
A. all B. none C. both D. neither
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——现在越来越多的青少年对祥生和小聘产生了兴趣。——是的,那是因为两者都能让人开怀大笑。考查代词辨析。all全都;none全都不;both两者都;neither都不。根据“Xiangsheng and Xiaopin”可知相声和小品都可以让人大笑,用both表示“两者都”。故选C。
考法05 复合不定代词
5.(2024·四川雅安)—Tommy, is there____________ in the classroom now?
—No. All the students are having a P. E. lesson on the playground.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——汤米,现在教室里有人吗?——没有。所有的学生都在操场上上体育课。考查代词辨析。everybody所有人;somebody某人,一般用于肯定句中;anybody任何人,一般用于否定句或疑问句中;nobody没有人。此处是一般疑问句,询问教室里是否有人,应用anybody。故选C。
考法06 疑问代词
1.(2023·湖南岳阳卷)At school gates, you can see some volunteers with red vests (马甲). Can you guess ____41____ they are?
【答案】who
【解析】句意: 句意:你能猜到他们是谁吗?根据“Can you guess...they are? They are parent volunteers.”可知,猜他们是谁,用who引导宾语从句,故填who。
考法07 it的特殊用法
7.(2023·湖南衡阳卷)46.______ is very easy to donate smart TV sets to Tech-Help.
【答案】It
【解析】句意:向Tech-Help捐赠智能电视机非常容易。此处是动词不定式作真正的主语,it作形式主语,故填It。
一、人称代词
人称代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
汉语
我
我们
你
你们
他
她
它
他们
主格
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
二、物主代词
物主代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
汉语
我的
我们的
你的
你们的
他的
她的
它的
他们的
形容词性
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
注意:
1. 人称代词在句子中作主语时用主格,作及物动词或介词的宾语时用宾格。
如:He goes to school on foot.
He told me that he would go there.
Bob is going to Shanghai on holiday with her.
2. 人称代词作表语时用宾格。
如:— Who is knocking at the door? — It’s me, Tom.
3. 形容词性物主代词只能用在名词前作定语,修饰名词。
如:They are doing their homework.
4. 名词性物主代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语。
如:— Whose book is this?
— It’s mine. Yours is under the table.
I usually tidy my room. You should tidy yours.
三、反身代词
反身代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
汉语
我自己
我们自己
你自己
你们自己
他自己
她自己
它自己
他们自己
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves
1)作宾语,表示反身代词与主语是同一人。
The girl is too young to look after herself. 这个女孩年纪太小,不能照顾自己。
Uncle Chen teaches himself English. 陈叔叔自学英语。
(2)作表语,常用于be, feel, seem, look等系动词之后,用来描述感觉、情绪或状态。
He is not himself today. 他今天不舒服。
I’m not feeling myself today. 我今天不太舒服。
(3)作同位语,表示强调,译成“亲自”“本人”。
You must do it yourself. 你必须自己做。
I myself did the homework last night. 昨晚是我自己做的家庭作业。
(4)用于固定搭配中。
by oneself独自;单独 come to oneself苏醒 dress oneself自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself玩得开心 help oneself to随便吃……
四、 指示代词
1. 定义:表示"这个""那个""这些""那些"等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。
单数
复数
含义
this 这个
these这此
指较近的人或物
that那个
those那些
指较远的人或物
(1)可作主语、宾语、表语。
This is my mother. 这是我妈妈。
Those are Jack’s books. 那些是杰克的书。
I like these and she likes those. 我喜欢这些,她喜欢那些。
What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。
(2)为避免重复,可用that和those代替前面提到的名词。
The population of China is much larger than that of America.
中国人口比美国人口多得多。(that=the population)
(3)在打电话时,通常用this指自己,用that指对方。
— Hello! Who is that? 你好,请问是哪位?
五、不定代词
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的句法功能
不定代词
成分
all,both,each,neither,either,much,little,many,few,other,some,any,one
在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语
everyone,everybody,everything,someone, somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,none
在句中可作主语、宾语和表语
every,no
在句中只能作定语
1. 不定代词的基本语法
(1)some、any的用法
不定代词
用 法
示 例
some
① 用于肯定句中,意为“一些人/事”,指代复数名词或不可数名词
Some are teachers; some are students.
有些人是老师,有些人是学生。
Here is some of their advice.
这是他们的一些建议。
② 用于疑问句中,表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答
The cake tastes good. Would you like some?
这蛋糕味道很好。你想要一些吗?
any
① 多用于否定句、疑问句中,意为“任何数量;任何一些”,指代复数名词或不可数名词
I need some science books. Are there any in the bookshop? 我需要一些科学书,书店里有吗?Please buy some milk. There isn’t any left in the fridge. 请买些牛奶。冰箱里一点也没有了。
② 用于肯定句中,表示“任一”
I have three dictionaries. You may use any.
我有三本词典,你随便用哪一本都可以。
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
用法
用于可数名词
用于不可数名词
表示肯定概念
a few虽少,但有几个
a little虽少,但有一点
表示否定概念
few不多,几乎没有
little不多,没有什么
(3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
用法
例句
other
某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的
Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里?
others
其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构
Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。
the other
两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构
She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。
the others
其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部
In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。
another
另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个"
You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗?
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
不定代词
含 义
作主语时谓语动词的数
示 例
both
两者都
复数
Both of us are interested in the film.
我们俩都对这部电影感兴趣。
either
两者中的任何一个
单数
Does either of you know Mr Li?
你们两人中有任何一个认识李先生吗?
neither
两者都不
单数
Neither of them is right. 他们两个都不对。
all
三者(或以上)都
复数
All of us are looking forward to the holiday. 我们都期待着假期的到来。
any
三者(或以上)中的任何一个
单数
You can read any of these books.
你可以读这些书中的任何一本。
none
三者(或以上)都不
单数/复数
None of the workers wants/want to work on weekends. 没有一个工人想在周末工作。
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
用法
例句
复合不定代词一般用作单数,在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语)
Do you need anything? 你需要点什么吗?(宾语)
Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)
复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语须放在它们后面
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。
由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时,常表示"无论什么东西,随便什么东西/事情"
There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。
Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?
(6)each和every
不定代词
用 法
示 例
each
指两者或两者以上中的每一个,强调个体;可与of连用
We each have a new schoolbag.
= Each of us has a new schoolbag.
我们每人有一个新书包。
every
只作形容词,不单独使用;指三者或以上的整体中的每一个,侧重于整体;不可直接与of连用
She knows every student in the school. 她认识学校里的每一个学生。
Every one of her students likes her very much. 她的每个学生都非常喜欢她。
(7)疑问代词
who
谁(主格)
whom
谁(宾格)
whose
谁的(所有格)
what
什么(人、物)
which
哪一个、哪些(人、物)
1. — skirt do you like, the red one or the yellow one?
— The red one.
【答案】Which
【解析】【分析】句意:——你喜欢哪条裙子,红色的还是黄色的?——红色的那个。根据 the red one or the yellow one? 可知这里是询问喜欢"哪一个",which哪一个,符合句意,句首字母要大写,故答案为Which。
2. Aunt Tina will visit us soon. is arriving tomorrow morning.
【答案】She
【解析】【分析】句意:蒂娜阿姨很快就会来看我们。她明天早上到。句子缺少主语,用名词或代词。根据 Aunt Tina will visit us soon.可知这里是指代aunt Tina,是一个女性,用人称代词she(她)来指代,句首字母大写,故答案为She。
3. We need to go shopping. There is juice left in the fridge.
【答案】little
【解析】【分析】句意:我们需要去购物。冰箱里几乎没有果汁了。根据 We need to go shopping. (我们需要去购物)可知这里表示冰箱里没有果汁了,juice是不可数名词,用否定词little, 少得几乎没有; 修饰不可数名词,符合句意,故答案为little。
4. — Judy, is that boy with glasses (you) new classmate?
— Yes. He is from Canada.
【答案】your
【解析】【分析】句意:——朱迪,那个戴眼镜的男孩是你的新同学吗?——是的。他来自加拿大。you你,主格或宾格代词,根据空后面的new classmate,可知这里是修饰名词做定语,用形容词性的物主代词,you对应的形容词性的物主代词为your,你的,符合题意,故答案为your。
5. Linda fell off the bike but she didn't hurt (she).
【答案】herself
【解析】【分析】句意:琳达从自行车上摔下来,但没有伤着自己。she她,主格代词。根据句子结构可知这里是做hurt的宾语,并且宾语和主语是同一个人,主语的动作回到了主语本身,用反身代词,hurt oneself伤着自己,固定用法,she对应的反身代词为herself,她自己,符合句意,故答案为herself。
6. — Are these cameras made in Japan?
— Yes. And they are much cheaper than (that) made in America.
【答案】those
【解析】【分析】句意:——这些相机是日本制造的吗?——是的。而且它们比美国制造的便宜得多。that那个,代词。根据 And they are much cheaper than1(that) made in America. 可知这里是把日本产的相机和美国产的
7. Watching tea preparation is as enjoyable as drinking tea (it).
【答案】itself
【解析】【分析】句意:观看泡茶和喝茶本身一样令人愉快。it它,主格或宾格人称代词。根据句意和这里表示看泡茶和喝茶本身一样令人愉快,这里是做 drinking tea 的同位语,用反身代词,it的反身代词为itself,它自己,符合句意,故答案为itself。
8. This jacket is Mike's. It's not (I).
【答案】mine
【解析】【分析】句意:这件夹克是迈克的。不是我的。I我,主格代词。根据 This jacket is Mike's. 可知夹克衫是迈克的,所以这里表示不是"我的",空后面没有名词,应该用名词性物主代词,I对于的名词性物主代词为mine,我的,符合题意,故答案为mine。
9. — Did you do (something) special on Teachers'Day?
— Yes, I made a card for my teacher.
【答案】anything
【解析】【分析】句意:—— 你在教师节做了什么特别的事吗 ?—— 是的,我给老师做了一张卡片。 something某事或某物,多用于肯定句或委婉地请求,希望得到肯定回答的一般疑问句,anything某事或某物,多用于否定句或疑问句,此处是一般疑问句,应该用anything,故填anything。
10. Kids, help (you) to some fruit. It's good for your health.
【答案】yourselves
【解析】【分析】句意:孩子们,快来吃点水果吧。这对你们的健康有好处。you,代词,你;固定搭配help yourself/yourselves to sth.快点吃些……,根据Kids是复数形式,应该用yourselves,故填yourselves。
11. Maria works more carefully than (other) in her company.
【答案】others
【解析】【分析】句意: 在她的公司里,玛丽亚比我其他人工作更认真。other别的,后面跟名词复数,此处空后没有名词,应该用others,别人,其他人,others相当于other加名词复数,故填others。
12. Peter was able to dress (he) when he was three years old.
【答案】himself
【解析】【分析】句意:Peter在三岁的时候就能够自己穿衣服了。dress sb固定短语,"给某人穿衣",此处作宾语,指的是主语Peter,应用反身代词himself,作宾语,故填himself。
13.No matter what happens, believe in (you), boys and girls.
【答案】yourselves
【解析】【分析】句意:无论发生什么,相信你自己,男孩们和女孩们。相信某人自己用believe in oneself,根据句意可知是对男孩们和女孩们说的话,即用复数,所以用you的反身代词yourselves,故填yourselves。
14.(2024九上·巧家期末) The little boy can't have meals on time when parents are on business. (he)
【答案】his
【解析】【分析】句意:当他的父母一方出差时,这个小男孩不能按时吃饭。he他,主格,空格后有名词parents,用形容词性物主代词作定语,用his他的,故填his。
15.(2024·上海市期中) All the students enjoyed when they were visiting the science museum. (they)
【答案】themselves
【解析】【分析】句意:所有的学生在参观科学博物馆时都玩得很开心。根据All the students enjoyed...可知此处考查固定搭配enjoy oneself,意为"过得快乐",本句主语为All the students,故答案为themselves。
16.The journey was a little boring. We don't enjoy (we) at all.
【答案】ourselves
【解析】【分析】句意:旅途有点无聊。我们一点也不开心。固定词组,enjoy oneself,玩得开心,这里要用反身代词,主语we,其反身代词为ourselves,故填ourselves。
17. The little boy said, "I am old enough to take good care of "(my).
【答案】myself
【解析】【分析】句意:小男孩说,“我不够大来照顾我自己。”take good care of后缺宾语,句子的主语是I,再次出现要用反身代词myself,故答案为myself。
18.(2024·黑龙江) We enjoyed (our) at Zhaolin Park last Sunday.
【答案】ourselves
【解析】【分析】句意:上周日我们在兆麟公园玩得很开心。分析句子可知,空处在句中做宾语,表示"我们自己",ourselves,反身代词,再结合固定短语enjoy oneself,"玩得愉快",故此处应为反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。
19.(2024·西山模拟) I am crazy about DIY and make lots of DIY works by .(I)
【答案】myself
【解析】【分析】句意: 我对DIY很着迷 ,独自做了很多DIY作品 。by oneself独自,固定搭配,此处想要反身代词,I我,代词主格;myself我自己,反身代词,故填myself。
20.(2024·松江模拟) Ashley, a friend of , will go abroad with his family this summer holiday. (I)
【答案】mine
【解析】【分析】句意:Ashley,我的一个朋友,今年暑假将和他的家人一起出国。I,人称代词的主格形式,我。这里需要一个名词性物主代词来代指"我的朋友",应用mine,故填mine。
21.(2024·青浦模拟) Facing the difficulties alone, the boy had no choice but to trust . (him)
【答案】himself
【解析】【分析】句意:独自面对困难,这个男孩别无选择,只能相信自己。him,他,人称代词宾格形式。因为句子描述的是男孩只能相信他自己。所以使用反身代词himself,用来指代主语自己,作为动词的宾语,因此在这里更为合适。故填himself。
22.(2024·临夏) Tina had to look after (she) younger sister at home last weekend.
【答案】her
【解析】【分析】句意:上周末蒂娜不得不在家照顾她的妹妹。she,主格,after是介词,其后宾格作宾语,her,是宾格,故填her。
23.(2024·寻甸模拟) Mr. Wang teaches Chinese. (we)
【答案】us
【解析】【分析】句意:王先生教我们汉语。we "我们",人称代词主格,此处作teaches的宾语应该用宾格us。故填us。
24.(2024·云南模拟)I told my best friend my problems and I asked him to keep them to (he).
【答案】himself
【解析】【分析】句意:我把我的问题告诉了我最好的朋友,并请他保守秘密。he,他,人称代词主格。此处表示"保守秘密",keep...to oneself,固定短语,符合语境,故空处应用反身代词。故填himself。
25.(2024·云南) Nie Er is a great musician in China. We all take pride in . (he)
【答案】him
【解析】【分析】句意:聂耳是中国一位伟大的音乐家。我们都为他感到骄傲。he他,代词主格,此处在动词短语后作宾语,用宾格him,故填him。
26.(2024·达州) There is something wrong with my computer. Could I use (you)?
【答案】yours
【解析】【分析】句意:我的电脑出问题了。我可以用你的吗?you你,人称代词。横线后无名词,此处指用你的电脑,故用名词性物主代词yours指代your computer。故填yours。
27. We should improve (we) step by step to achieve success.
【答案】ourselves
【解析】【分析】句意:我们应该逐步提高自己,以实现成功。we,我们,主格做主语。improve是动词,后面缺少宾语。根据to achieve success,可知要不断的提高自己才能成功,所以用反身代词ourselves,我们自己,故填ourselves。
28. There is also a big swimming pool in the hotel for free. You can enjoy (you) at any time.
【答案】yourself
【解析】嗯,嗯。【分析】句意:酒店内还有一个大型的免费游泳池,您可以随时享受。you,你,主格通常做主语。enjoy oneself,享受,玩的开心,固定搭配,故用反身代词yourself,你自己,故填yourself。
29. Scientists can't get there (they) as such places are hard to reach. Only the bravest adventurers can make it.
【答案】themselves
【解析】【分析】句意:科学家们无法亲自到达那里,因为这样的地方很难抵达。只有最勇敢的冒险者才能成功。they,他们,是主格,主格通常做主语。根据Only the bravest adventurers can make it,可知科学家们无法亲自到达那里,所以用反身代词。他们自己,themselves,是反身代词。故填themselves。
30. All the students have (they) own plans about how to spend a meaningful summer vacation.
【答案】their
【解析】【分析】句意:所有学生都有他们关于如何度过一个有意义的暑假的计划。they,主格,做主语。one's own+名词,某人自己的。固定搭配,故缺少形容词性物主代词。他们的,their,是形容词性物主代词。故填their。
31. Some wild animals need (we) protection, because they are in great danger now.
【答案】our
【解析】【分析】句意:一些野生动物需要我们的保护,因为它们现在正处于极大的危险中。主格we,我们,做主语。protection是名词,缺少形容词性物主代词作定语。our,我们的,是形容词性物主代词。故填our。
32.These books make the West realize there is a country with great culture which is different from (they).
【答案】theirs
【解析】【分析】句意:这些书让西方认识到有一个国家拥有不同于他们的伟大文化。they,主格,他们,做主语,根据a country with great culture有伟大文化的国家,再根据is different from,故表示不同于他们的文化,缺少名词性物主代词作介词宾语。他们的,代词,theirs,是名词性物主代词,故填theirs。
33. Every student in our class was out except Gina and (I), because we had something else to do then.
【答案】me
【解析】【分析】句意:我们班上的每个学生都离开了,除了吉娜和我,因为我们当时还有别的事情要做。I,我们,是主格,做主语。根据 except Gina and,可知and前后一致,此处缺少宾格作介词except的宾语。me,我,宾格,故填me。
34. My parents want (I) to be a doctor or an engineer in the future, but I want to be a cook.
【答案】me
【解析】【分析】句意:我的父母希望我将来成为一名医生或工程师,但我却想成为一名厨师。I,主格做主语,我,动词want后面缺少宾格做宾语,me是宾格,我,故填me。
35. Ms. Wang, an excellent teacher, teaches (we) math this term. We are very happy.
【答案】us
【解析】【分析】句意:王老师是一位优秀的教师,这个学期教我们数学。我们非常高兴。we,我们,主格做主语。动词teaches后面缺少宾格做宾语。us是宾格。我们,故填us。
36. He says that the development of science and technology has given (he) a lot of chances to achieve his dream.
【答案】him
【解析】【分析】句意:他说科学技术的进步给了他很多机会去实现他的梦想。he,主格做主语,他,give是动词,其后用宾格作宾语,him是宾格,他,故填him。
37. A friend of (I) told me he could see nothing except lots of people on Mount Tai.
【答案】mine
【解析】【分析】句意:一个朋友告诉我,他除了泰山上有很多人之外什么都看不见。I,主格,我,a friend of+名词性物主代词,某人的一个朋友,mine,名词性物主代词,我的,故填mine。
38. All the good luck is just because Billy did the right thing—returning something that did not belong to (he).
【答案】him
【解析】【分析】句意:所有的好运都是因为比利做了正确的事——归还了不属于他的东西。he他,代词主格。根据空格前介词to,可知应填代词宾格him。故答案为:him。
39. Working in groups is a good method if you find it hard to solve the problems by (you).
【答案】yourself
【解析】【分析】句意:分组工作是一个好方法,如果你发现自己很难独自解决问题。you,你,主格,do sth by oneself,独自做某事,所以用反身代词yourself,你自己,故填yourself。
40. If we care about other people's happiness, we may find (our), too.
【答案】ours
【解析】【分析】句意:如果我们关心别人的幸福,我们也可能找到自己的幸福。our我们的,形容词性物主代词,修饰名词。空格后面没有名词,所以用our的名词性物主代词,即ours,故填ours。
41.My mother always teaches me not to waste money on any useless things even if I can afford (they).
【答案】them
【解析】【分析】句意:我妈妈总是教我不要把钱浪费在任何无用的东西上,即使我买得起。they它们,主格,做主语。afford负担得起,实义动词,后面用宾格,they的宾格是them它们,故填them。
42. Mike couldn't leave his grandmother by (she) because she is unable to move freely.
【答案】herself
【解析】【分析】句意:迈克不能离开他的祖母,因为她无法自由行动。she,她,主格,do sth by oneself,独自做某事,故用反身代词herself,她自己,故填herself。
43. The oranges in the box are better than (that) on the shelf.
【答案】those
【解析】【分析】句意:盒子里的橙子比架子上的好。that是那,那个。这里代指的是架子上的橙子,用复数those,故答案为those。
44. The nice little dog waved (it) tail happily, welcoming the owner back home.
【答案】its
【解析】【分析】句意:这只可爱的小狗高兴地摇着尾巴,欢迎主人回家。it"它"人称代词主格&宾格,此处修饰名词tail,应用形容词性物主代词,作定语,故填its。
45.(2024·耿马模拟) The world is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and communication tools.( it)
【答案】itself
【解析】【分析】句意:通过使用现代交通和通信工具,世界本身变得越来越小。it它,主格,做主语。world世界,结合句子可知讲的是世界本身变得越来越小,所以用it的反身代词itself它自己。故填itself。
第四部分:介词
介词是中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。
中考考查重点:
1. 介词辨析;
2. 介词短语辨析。
介词是一种虚词,它不能单独担任句子成分,必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语,才能担任句子成分。
考点要求
课标要求
命题预测
介词
在具体语境下考查介词用法辨析
介词词的考点常以语法填空、完形填空的形式进行考查
介词短语辨析;固定搭配
1. (2024·湖南长沙卷) According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits ___27___ each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special meanings.
【答案】to
【详解】句意:根据传统,人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果,因为它们承载着许多特殊的含义。give sth to sb“给某人某物”,故填to。
2. (2024·湖南省卷)There's also a special menu 55. children on Saturdays and that's when we serve traditional food.
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词。句意:星期六我们还为孩子们提供特别菜单,那时我们供应传统食物。根据空前a special menu(一个特殊菜单)及空后children(孩子)可知,星期六有为孩子们提供特别菜单。for 为了,介词。故填for。
3. (2023·湖南永州卷)The People’s Republic of China was set up _________ 1st October 1949. People have celebrated the National Day since then.
【答案】on
【详解】句意:中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。从那时起,人们就开始庆祝国庆节。空后“"1stOctober 1949”是具体的某一天,用时间介词on。故填on。
4. (2023·湖南岳阳卷)When students go ____42____ the street, parent volunteers put up a “SLOW” sign to let drivers slow down.
【答案】across
【详解】句意:当学生过马路时,家长志愿者会竖起一个“SLOW”的标志,让司机减速。根据“When students go...the street”可知,此处是go across the street短语,意为“过马路”,故填across。
5. (2023·湖南岳阳卷)In the countryside, some college students play an important role ____50____ volunteering.
【答案】in
【详解】句意:在农村,一些大学生在志愿服务中发挥着重要作用。根据“some college students play an important role...volunteering”可知,此处 play an important role in短语,意为“在……中起重要作用”,故填in。
考向1 时间介词
表示"时间"的介词如下:
① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on
② 表示时间的前后用before, after
③ 表示期限等用by, until, till
④ 表示期间等用for, during, through
⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since
⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in
at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间
at that time那时 at the moment此刻,目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔,有时
at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候,起初 at last最后
►We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。
on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时,一律用on)
on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上
on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时 on the night of July(the)first 在七月一日的夜晚
►We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。
in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。
in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中
in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年
in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季
in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季
in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午
in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时
in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿,立刻
►The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
►People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。
►Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作?
before, after(注:两个既可以作介词又可以作连词)
before在……之前
►Wash your hands before dinner.(before作介词)吃饭前请洗手。
►He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.(前一个before作连词;后一个before作介词)他离开这儿之前/十点之前,将给我打电话。
after在……之后
►Let’s sing some songs after school.(after作介词)放学后咱们唱歌吧!
►Please close the door after you leave the room.(after作连词)离开房间后请关门。
by, until/till
by 在……前(时间);截止(到)……
►How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书?
►She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时(之前)她已经走了。
by the end of在……底(之前) by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前
until/till知道……为止(时间)
►We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点,我们才开始看电视。(begin是点动词,所以用否定式)
►I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。
for, during, through
for
达……之久(表示经过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但经常和完成时连用。
during
在……期间
through
一直……(从开始到结束)
►He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。
►We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。
►They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。
►They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
►He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。
from, since
from从……起(时间)
表示"从……开始"时,一般都是用词组from...to...,而单纯表示确切的"从几点开始"时用at。
►The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。
►The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。
since自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
►I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。(强调一直病到现在)
►The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(since作连词,引导时间状语从句)这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
in, within
in过……后(未来时间)大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。
in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后
►He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
►They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。
within不超过……的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内
►I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
考向2 表示场所、方向的介词
(1) 表示场所的介词:at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite
(2) 表示方向的介词:into, out of, along, across, through, up, past
①at, in
at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家
stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂
at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上
at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁
at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口
at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。
in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里
►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。
►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。
②on, above, over, under, below
on在……上面,有接触面。
on the desk在桌子上面;on the map在地图上。
on在……靠近……的地方
on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上
on the river在河边 on the farm在农场
on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨
on the pavement在人行道上
above在……上方
►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
over在……正上方,是under的反义词
►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。
►under在……下面;在……之内
under the table桌子下面
under the jacket在夹克内
►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。
below在……下方(不一定是正下方) 正下方是under,below是above的反义词。
►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
③near, by
near近的,不远的
near=not far,是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不久的将来
►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗?
by在……旁边,距离比near要近
by the window在窗户旁边
by me在我旁边
►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
④ between, among, around
between在两者之间
►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。
►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别?
among在三者或更多的之中
►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎(很出名)。
around环绕,在……周围,在……四周
►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。
►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
⑤ in front of,behind,opposite
in front of早……的前面;在……的前部
►There is a tree in front of the house.
►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词
►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。
►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。
opposite在……对面
►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。
►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。
⑥ in, into, out of, up
in在……之内,用于表示静止的位置
►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。
into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。
►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
out of和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向
►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。
out of的基本含义:从……到外面,离开;在……范围之外;从(某个数)之中 up移动
►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。
⑦ along, across, past, through
along沿着
►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了。
across横过
►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past经过
►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。
through贯穿,通过
►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。
►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
⑧ to, from, for
考向3 易混易错介词的用法辨析
1)表示时间的介词at, on, in
介词
用 法
示 例
at
+某个时刻
at 10 o’clock 在10点钟 at half past three 在三点半
+持续一段时间的节日,表示在期间
at Christmas 在圣诞节 at Chinese New Year 在春节
+特定时间
at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at that time 在那时
on
+具体的某一天
on Monday 在周一 on Christmas Day 在圣诞日
on December 25th 在12月25日
+某一天的上午、下午、傍晚
on Sunday morning 在周日上午
on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午
on the evening of October 1st 在10月1日傍晚
in
+较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节)
in the 21st century 在21世纪
in the Song Dynasty 在宋朝 in 2023在2023年
in May 在五月 in spring 在春天
+泛指的上午、下午、傍晚
in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在傍晚
+一段时间
in a year/month/week 在一年/月/周之中
2)表示时间的介词since, for, from... to...
介词
用 法
示 例
since
+时间点;表示“自从……以来”,通常与完成时连用
She has been in Guangzhou since 2010.
自2010年以来,她一直在广州。
for
+一段时间;表示“持续一段时间”,可用于过去时、现在时、将来时、完成时多种时态,谓语动词只能用延续性动词
Jim stayed with us for three days.
吉姆和我们一起住了三天。
She has been in Guangzhou for 10 years. 她已在广州待了10年了。
from... to...
表示“从……到……”,可用于过去时、现在时和将来时
My brother works from Monday to Saturday. 我哥哥从周一到周六上班。
3)表示位置的介词on, above, below, over, under
介 词
用 法
示 例
on在……上面
表示一物在另一物上面,两物接触
The pencil-box is on the desk.
笔盒在书桌上。
above在……之上;高于……
两物不接触,不说明是否垂直
We are flying above the clouds.
我们在云层上面飞行。
below在……之下;低于……
Don’t write anything below the line. 不要在这条线下面写字。
over在……正上方
两物不接触,是垂直关系
There is a bridge over the river.
河上有一座桥。
under在……正下方
Your football is under the table.
你的足球在桌子下面。
4)表示方位的介词in, on, to
介词
用 法
示 例
in
表示在某地范围之内
Guangdong is in the south of China.
广东在中国南部。
on
表示与某地相邻或接壤
Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.
广东在湖南南边。
to
表示在某地范围之外
Guangdong is to the south of Hubei.
广东在湖北南面。
5)表示动态的介词across, through
介词
用 法
示 例
across
从表面上穿过;横穿
Be careful when you go across the street. 过马路时要小心。
through
从中间(内部)穿过
The moonlight went through the window into the room. 月光透过窗户照进房间。
6)表示方式的介词by, in, with
介词
用 法
示 例
by
乘坐交通工具
I go to school by bike. 我骑车上学。
通过……方式
You can turn on the machine by pressing this button.
你可以按这个按钮来打开机器。
in
用某种语言或材料
Please say it in English. 请用英文说。
You’d better write the letter in ink.
你最好用钢笔写信。
with
用某种具体的工具或手段
You’d better write the letter with a pen.
你最好用钢笔写信。
We see with our eyes. 我们用眼睛看东西。
考向4 介词短语
1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后
3 at first 起先,首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时
5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初
7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时
9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助
11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容
13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿
15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起
17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离
19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久
21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车
23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说
25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止
27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上
30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙
32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快
34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众,公开地
36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面
38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后,终于
40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次
42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿
44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿
46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行,走路
48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面
50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边
52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)
54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是
1. Don't walk the street when the traffic lights are red.
【答案】across
【解析】【分析】句意:交通灯是红色的时候不要过街道。根据 Don't walk 1 the street when the traffic lights are red. 可知这里表示红灯时不能过街道。横过,across,介词,符合题意,walk across,横过,故答案为across。
2. It is important people to learn team spirit.
【答案】for
【解析】【分析】句意:学习团队精神对人们来说是很重要的。根据固定句式:it's+形容词+for sb to do sth做某事对于某人来说是……的,可知介词for, ;对(某人)来说; 符合题意,故答案为for。
3. We have a job for you a waiter.
【答案】as
【解析】【分析】句意:我们有一份服务员的工作给你。空格后的a waiter表示身份,符合"介词as+表示身份名词"的用法,在句中意"作为一名服务员"。故填as。
4. I usually like to buy things that are made China.
【答案】in
【解析】【分析】句意:我通常喜欢买在中国制造的东西。根据空格前后内容可知,此处指喜欢买在中国制造的东西,空后是制作的地点,在某地被制作,用be made in,固定搭配,故填in。
5. This piece of wood can be made a ruler.
【答案】into
【解析】【分析】句意: 这块木头可以做成尺子。 根据空格前后内容可知,此处指这块木头可以做成尺子。被做成,be made into,固定搭配,故填into。
6. The cake is made sugar, butter and water.
【答案】from
【解析】【分析】句意:蛋糕是由糖、黄油和水制成的。根据主语cake蛋糕,以及题干的sugar,butter and water糖、黄油和水,可知本句想表达的是蛋糕是由糖、黄油和水制成的。"由......制成",be made of/from均可表示"由......制成",be made of表示制成成品后,还能看出原材料;be made from表示在成品中已经无法辨认。蛋糕做成后看不见糖,黄油或者水,用be made from,故填from。
7. Mr White came into the classroom a book in his hand.
【答案】with
【解析】【分析】句意: 怀特先生手里携带一本书走进了教室。 根据" Mr White came into the classroom
...a book in his hand. "可知,怀特先生手里带着一本书走进了教室,故此处表示"携带,带有",with,介词,符合语境。故填with。
8.Peter was used living alone several months later.
【答案】to
【解析】【分析】句意:几个月后,彼得已经习惯了独居。根据Peter和living alone,可知习惯独居,用be used to doing sth,习惯做某事。故填to。
9.This room is used their office.
【答案】as
【解析】【分析】句意:这个房间被用作他们的办公室。be used for 在这个短语中,介词for表用途,用来作……;be used as 在这个短语中,介词as表身份或工具,……被用作……;be used by 短语中,介词by后接使用的执行者,为……所使用。根据room和office,可知这个房间被用作他们的办公室,用介词as,故填as。
10. Who have you invited your house for your birthday party?
【答案】to
【解析】【分析】句意: 你邀请了谁来参加你的生日聚会? 此处表示"邀请到/至......",invite to,固定短语,符合语境。故填to。
11. What is the arrangement(安排) of seats in your classroom? Do you sit rows?
【答案】in
【解析】【分析】句意:你们教室的座位是怎样安排的?你们是成排坐的吗?根据句子结构分词,此处应是"in rows,成排,固定搭配"。故答案为:in。
12. In English schools, students sit tables. It's very different from those in China.
【答案】around
【解析】【分析】句意:在英国学校,学生们围坐在桌子旁。这和中国的很不一样。根据语境"students sit ...tables"以及常识可知,此处应指"围着"桌子坐。围着,around,介词,符合语境,故答案为:around。
13. I must apologise not letting you know ahead of time.
【答案】for
【解析】【分析】句意:我必须为没有提前通知你而道歉。固定搭配apologise for not doing sth.因为没做某事而道歉,故填for。
14. Our school's basketball team is training the coming match.
【答案】for
【解析】【分析】句意:我们学校的篮球队正在为即将到来的比赛训练。句子描述的是篮球队正在为某个目的进行训练,这个目的即为即将到来的比赛。因此,需要找到一个能够表示"为了"或"针对"某个目的的介词来填空。在英语中,当表示"为了某个目的"时,常用的介词有"for"。for the coming match"为了即将到来的比赛",故填for。
15.The temperatures remained zero all day yesterday.So we all wore thick clothes.
【答案】below
【解析】【分析】句意:昨天一整天气温都在零度以下。所以我们都穿着厚衣服。zero零度,根据So we all wore thick clothes所以我们都穿着厚衣服,可知气温在零度以下,所以用below在......下面,介词,故填below。
16.This kind of music is very popular teenagers in these days. ( 用适当的地点介词填空 )
【答案】among
【解析】【分析】句意:这种音乐现在在青少年中很流行。This kind of music is very popular 这种音乐很流行,teenagers青少年,结合句子可知讲的是音乐在青少年中受欢迎,among在......之中,介词,故填among。
【点评】考查介词用法,注意理解句意。
17. The whole class is divided several groups, with ten students in each group, standing in line.
【答案】into
【解析】【分析】句意:全班被分成几个小组,每组十名学生,排成一列。根据divided,several groups,可知是被分成几个小组,divide into,分成,故填into。
18. I first came to know LeBron James because of a game I was watching accident on TV.
【答案】by
【解析】【分析】句意:我第一次知道勒布朗·詹姆斯是因为我在电视上偶然看到的一场比赛。根据accident,可知是by accident,方式状语,偶然,故填by。
19. Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake, and it's also widely known Longjing tea.
【答案】for
【解析】【分析】句意:杭州以西湖而闻名,也以其龙井茶而广泛知晓。根据is famous for the West Lake, and it's also...,可知是也以其龙井茶而广泛知晓,故用be famous for,以......出名,故填for。
20. Mandy stood at the top of the mountain and found that the houses were very small.
【答案】below
【解析】大【分析】句意:曼迪站在山顶上,发现下面的房子都很小。根据Mandy stood at the top of the mountain,可知发现下面的房子都很小,below,介词,表示泛指下方的,故填below。
21. ChatGPT collects information from your questions and answers in the past, and gives you new answers the questions at present.
【答案】to
【解析】【分析】句意:ChatGPT 收集您过去的问题和答案的信息,并为您提供当前问题的新的答案。短语answers to the questions,问题的答案,to表示一一对应的关系,故填to。
22. As the saying goes,"Be strict ourselves, but be friendly to others."
【答案】with
【解析】【分析】句意:正如俗话所说,严以律己,宽以待人。Be strict with sb,对某人要求严格。固定搭配,故填with。
23.We never doubt that Millie can deal with the problems her own.
【答案】on
【解析】【分析】句意:我们从不怀疑米莉能独立解决这些问题。根据介词短语on one's own"独立",可知应填介词on。故答案为:on。
24. There were differences in what people liked to do outdoors (在······之中) the three countries.
【答案】among
【解析】【分析】句意:在这三个国家中,人们在户外喜欢做的事情有所不同。在······之中,between,表示两者之间,among表示三者或三者以上之间,根据the three countries,可知三者以上用among,故填among。
25. Now we are ready the coming dragon boat race.
【答案】for
【解析】【分析】句意:现在我们为即将到来的龙舟比赛做好了准备。根据eady 1 the coming dragon boat race,可知是为即将到来的龙舟比赛做好了准备,be ready for sth,为某事好准备,for表示目的,故填for。
26. Thomas got married Kate two years ago, and they had a baby last month.
【答案】to
【解析】【分析】句意:托马斯两年前和凯特结了婚,上个月他们有了一个孩子。 got married to sb,和某人结婚,固定搭配,to表示对象,故填to。
27. Pete always dreams of flying the moon by spaceship.
【答案】to
【解析】【分析】句意:Pete总是梦想着乘坐宇宙飞船飞往月球。根据moon by spaceship,可知是乘坐宇宙飞船飞往月球,fly to,飞往,to是介词,表示方向,故填to。
28.Repair work is expensive and I have to keep that mind.
【答案】in
【解析】【分析】句意:修理工作很贵,我必须记住这一点。根据句意和固定搭配keep sth in mind,牢记某事,可知这里用介词in,故答案为in。
29. Every night, Ben took some of his own grain and added it his brother's store
【答案】to
【解析】【分析】句意:每天晚上,本都会拿一些自己的谷物放进他哥哥的仓库里。根据句意和固定搭配add…to…,把……加到……,可知to符合句意,故答案为to。
30. If you're making efforts not to be bored in your life, we'll offer you expert advice how to have more fun.
【答案】on/about
【解析】【分析】句意:如果你正在努力让自己的生活不无聊,我们将为你提供如何获得更多乐趣的专家建议。根据 advice和how to have more fun可知这里表示"关于"如何获得更多乐趣的建议,on/about,关于,介词短语做后置定语,符合句意,故答案为on/about。
31. All the students have gone to the science museum Tom, because he is ill.
【答案】except
【解析】【分析】句意:除了汤姆所有的学生们都去科学博物馆了,因为他生病了。根据All the students和Tom,because he is ill,可知此处不包括汤姆,所以用介词except,故填except。
32. All the guests in the hotel died after the earthquake him, because he was awake and ran out in time.
【答案】except
【解析】【分析】句意:地震发生后,旅馆里的所有客人都死了,除了他,因为他醒着并且及时跑了出来。except是介词,意思是"除……之外(不包括在内)"。句子想要表达的是旅馆里的其他客人都不幸遇难了,只有他没有死,因为他及时做出了反应,故填except。
33. After running a field and walking a forest, she finally reached a small river.
【答案】across;through
【解析】【分析】句意:她跑过一片田野,穿过一片森林后,终于到达了一条小河。run across a field表示"跑过一片田野",这里使用across来描述在田野这个平面上从一端跑到另一端的动作,因此第一空用across;walk through a forest"表示"穿过一片森林",through表示"从……一端到另一端,穿过(中间)",因为森林是一个立体的空间,人是从森林的内部穿过,所以第二空用through,故答案为:across;through。
34. The newly-built teaching building provides the students a comfortable learning environment.
【答案】with
【解析】【分析】句意:新建的教学楼为学生提供了一个舒适的学习环境。provide sb. with sth.固定短语,"给某人提供某物/某种服务",本句中the students作provide的宾语,a comfortable learning environment作介词with的宾语,故填with。
35. The instrument Eye Harp is specially designed disabled people to play music with eyes.
【答案】for
【解析】【分析】句意:"眼弓"这种乐器是专门为残疾人设计的,以便他们用眼睛演奏音乐。be designed for...固定短语,"为……而设计"。本句中,"The instrument Eye Harp"(眼弓这种乐器)是被设计的对象,"disabled people"(残疾人)是设计的受众,所以这里要用for,故填for。
36. About 12,000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon April 2nd.
【答案】on
【解析】【分析】句意:大约12000人参加了2023年4月2日的宿迁马拉松比赛。April 2nd"4月2日",表示具体的某一天,在英语中,当表示具体的日期(几月几日)时,介词要用on,故填on。
37. There are a lot of ways to keep healthy. example, we can do more exercise and eat less junk food.
【答案】For
【解析】【分析】句意:有很多保持健康的方法。例如,我们可以多做运动,少吃垃圾食品。for example固定短语,"例如",用于举例说明前面提到的事物或观点。此处位于句首,首字母大写,故填For。
38. We need to tell people to just do one small thing well instead 100things poorly.
【答案】of
【解析】【分析】句意:我们需要告诉人们,与其把100件事都做得不好,不如把一件事好好地做好。instead of固定短语,"代替",后面通常接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语,故填of。
39. Thanks the teacher' s help, I have made much progress.
【答案】to
【解析】【分析】句意:多亏老师的帮助,我取得了很大的进步。thanks to固定短语"多亏,幸亏",to是介词,后面接名词、代词或者动名词形式,作原因状语,故填to。
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专题01名词、冠词、代词
第一部分 名词
考点要求
课标要求
命题预测
名词的数
· 能够识别并正确使用可数名词的单数和复数形式,不可数名词及修饰语,不可数名词的数量表达
名词的考点常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空的形式进行考查,语法填空中名词考查的命题点有:名词和其他词性之间的转换、名词的单复数、名词所有格等。
名词所有格
· -’s所有格的构成及用法,双重所有格的构成
名词的变形
· 名词可变为动词或者形容词
考点一 名词的数
考法01 可数名词及其单、复数
1. (2024·湖南省卷)At the weekend we play many 54 (kind) of music.
2. (2023·湖南怀化卷) Large hospitals and new schools are built. There are many new roads and ___65___ (bridge).
3. (2024·湖南长沙卷)According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits to each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special ___28___ (meaning).
考法02 不可数名词
1.(2022·湖南郴州卷)The neighbor advised him. “The sheep has been lost. It’s no use repairing the sheepfold.” He didn’t take the neighbor’s kind ____55____.(advice)
1. 可数名词复数的规则变化
规则变化
示 例
1 大多数名词在词尾加-s
letter→ letters, cat→ cats, boy→ boys, desk→ desks
② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es
class→ classes, box→ boxes, watch→ watches, brush→ brushes
③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es
hobby→ hobbies, city→ cities, country→ countries
④ 以o结尾的名词,大多数加-s,少数加-es
加-s: radio→ radios, zoo→ zoos, photo→ photos, piano→ pianos
加-es: hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, potato→ potatoes
⑤ 部分以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加-es
knife→ knives, half→ halves
用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词:
树叶 半 数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,
架后窜出一只狼,就像盗贼逃命忙。
leaf树叶 half一半 self 自己 wife妻子 knife 小刀
Shelf 架子 wolf 狼 thief 贼 life 生命
注意:可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用,有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。
2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化
不规则变化
示 例
① 变化元音字母构成复数
foot→ feet, goose→ geese, tooth→ teeth, man→ men,
woman→ women
② 单复数形式相同
sheep, deer, fish (注意:fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形;指鱼的种类时复数是fishes)
③ 特殊变化
child→ children, mouse→ mice, ox→ oxen
3. 其他情况:
① “某国人”变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面。如:
中日不变:Chinese, Japanese
英法变:Englishman→ Englishmen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen
其余-s加后面:Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians
② 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数,一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如:
a girl student→ two girl students, a story book→ ten story books
复合词中第一个词是man或woman时,两个名词都变为复数形式。如:
a man worker→ three men workers, a woman doctor→ six women doctors
③ 只表示复数意义的名词:trousers, clothes, police, people, cattle (牛;家畜)
④ 集体名词family, team, class, couple, group等视为整体时,表示单数意义;指这些集体的成员时,则表示复数意义。如:
My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。
All my family enjoy skiing. 我们全家人都喜欢滑雪。
4. 不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与不定冠词a/an连用。抽象名词和物质名词一般是不可数名词。
(1)常见的不可数名词
物质类:air, beef, beer, bread, candy, cheese, chicken, chocolate, coffee, cotton, coal, electricity, fire, fish, food, fruit, furniture, glass, grass, gold, hair, ice, ink, juice, land, light, meat, medicine, milk, oil, paper, pork, rain, rice, salt, snow, soup, sugar, tea, water, wind, wine, wood
抽象类:advice, age, beauty, danger, death, energy, fear, fun, failure, happiness, health, help, homework, housework, information, joy, love, luck, knowledge, money, music, nature, news, pleasure, progress, safety, sleep, success, surprise, time, trouble, truth, weather, work
(2)不可数名词的数
① 不可数名词常借助于量词表示一定的数量。常见的量词有a piece of, a bottle of, a cup of等。如:
a piece of furniture一件家具 some pieces of paper几张纸
two bags of rice两袋米
② 有些名词表示物质或抽象概念是不可数的,而在表示个体或种类时是可数的,如:
Two beers, please. 请来两杯啤酒。
It was a special tea. 它是一种特殊的茶。
As a teacher, she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she spends little time looking after her child. 作为一名教师她是一个成功的人,但是作为一位母亲,她是一个失败者,因为她几乎没有时间照顾自己的孩子。
3)有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但意思不同。
名词
词义
可数
不可数
change
变化
零钱
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
exercise
习题
锻炼
experience
经历
经验
fish
鱼(类)
鱼肉
(4)修饰可数或不可数名词的常用词:
只修饰可数名词
a few 一些, few 没几个, many 很多, a large number of 大量的
只修饰不可数名词
a little 一点儿, little 没多少, much 很多, a large amount of 大量的,
a great deal of 大量的, a bit of 一点儿
既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词
some 一些, any 任何, a lot of 很多, lots of 很多,
plenty of 大量的
考点二 名词所有格
1. (2024·黑龙江)It is reported that 30 __________(minute) walk every day is healthy enough.(用单词适当形式填空)
形式
用法
构成
示 例
’s所有格
用于有生命的及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词
直接加’s
Mike’s basketball 迈克的篮球
yesterday’s newspaper 昨天的报纸
以s结尾的复数名词只加’
Teachers’ Day 教师节
twenty minutes’ walk 步行二十分钟
并列名词所有格
Tom and John’s room 汤姆和约翰的房间 (共同拥有)
Tom’s and John’s rooms 汤姆的房间和约翰的房间(各自拥有)
of所有格
主要用于无生命的名词
A of B
the name of the book 书名
the middle of the park 公园中间
双重所有格
表示部分或其中之一
A of B’s
a classmate of Mary’s 玛丽的一个同学
some friends of my brother’s
我哥哥的一些朋友
考点三 名词的变形
1. (2024·湖南长沙卷)Orchids say, “Wish you to be ___30___ (luck), successful and happy.” During the holiday period, this plant is a must.
2. (2022·湖南长沙)Usually, it takes about one or two years to build a house in the ____43____ (tradition) way.
1. One of my (father) friends came round last night.
2. Peter's parents are worried about him because he always doesn't have any (plan) for his study.
3. They finished their meal in total (silent).
4. After Tom heard the good news, his eyes shone with (happy).
5. The meeting has two (subject) — environment and nature.
6. Do you have (difficult) in learning English?
7. In ancient (time), books were produced by hand.
8. Peter is the same (high) as his father. They are both 1. 75m tall.
9. My grandfather keeps five (sheep) on his farm.
10. David decided to lose (weigh) by eating less and doing more sports.
11. This morning, Betty received an (invite) to attend the party.
12. Not all the (suggest) are useful. So try to choose wisely.
13. Can I borrow your camera to take some (photo)?
14. Now more and more schools pay attention to the full (develop) of the students' talents.
15. Edison was a great man with so many (invent).
16. The firemen who put out the forest fires bravely are the modern (hero).
17. There is an age (different) between Mr Smith and his wife.
18. With the development of science and technology, people's (life) have improved a lot.
19.Mr White asked his son to explain all his strange (action).
20. The new film has got many good (review)since it was on.
21. Mr Wang is one of the greatest (teacher)in our school.
22. We all know good (communicate) is important in modern society.
23. The doctors are doing an (operate) on the boy's head at the moment.
24. There are many (tradition) for the Double Ninth Festival to show people's wishes of long life for elderly people.
25.(2024九上·深圳开学考) The service of the waiter is so bad that I must make a about him to the manager.( complain)
26.(2024九上·深圳开学考) She used the car without asking her dad's ( permit).
27.(2024九上·哈尔滨开学考) The (express)they use depend on whom they are speaking to or how well they know each other.
28.(2024九上·哈尔滨开学考) But behind all these things lies the true meaning of Christmas: the (important)of sharing and giving love and joy to people around us.
29.(2024九上·哈尔滨开学考) My (pronounce)improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies.
30. The (introduce) of the subways mainly shows the local culture of different cities.
第二部分 冠词
考点要求
课标要求
命题预测
不定冠词
· 掌握不定冠词a/an的基本用法;常见的易混用不定冠词a和an的情况及常考的固定搭配
对于冠词的考查,以单项选择和语法填空为主,有时也会在完形填空、语法选择等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中,不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法,还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。
定冠词
· 掌握定冠词的基本用法和易错点及定冠词常考固定搭配
零冠词
· 掌握零冠词基本用法和易错点及零冠词常考固定搭配
考法01 不定冠词
1. (2024·湖南省卷)I started by washing dishes when I was only18. I worked hard, and soon became 47. waiter.
2. (2023·湖南怀化卷)Many people often leave their hometowns to work in the cities. Zhang Bin, ___61___ 46-year- old man from Huaihua, is one such person.
3. (2023·湖南常德卷) —What do you want to be when you grow up?
—I want to be ________ actor.
考法02 定冠词
1. (2023·湖南永州卷)At _________ beginning, many people in Europe refused to eat tomatoes because they thought the fruit was dangerous.
考点1 冠词的分类
分类
说明
例子
不定冠词
a
用于以辅音音素开头的单词前
a gift 一份礼物,a plane 一架飞机,a useful book 一本有用的书
an
用于以元音音素开头的单词前
an hour 一小时,an apple 一个苹果,an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩
定冠词
the
只有一种形式,一般用于特指
the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔,the Chinese movie 那部中国影片
考点2 冠词的基本用法
一、 不定冠词a、an的用法
1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前,泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别:
(1)若随后的单词以辅音音素开头,用 a。如:a lot of,a good idea,a pear。
(2)若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用 an。如:an example,an orange,an apple。
二、定冠词the的用法
用法
例子
1. 用于特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。
This is the city where my grandfather once lived.
2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。
Would you mind my opening the window?
3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用"a或an",以后再次提到用"the")
Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree.
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
Spring is the first season of a year.
This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen.
5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。
in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面
at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部
6. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。
the sun, the moon, play the piano
7. 用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。
The Turners are at breakfast table.
8. 与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。
The young should help the old.
9. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the Great Wall, the United States
10. 用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。
play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴
【注意】常见、易错的固定表达
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影
in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 在去……去的路上
三、不用冠词的情况
用法
例子
1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。
Paper is made of wood.
2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。
Go along this road.
Every student likes English in our class.
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。
My parents are teachers.
4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。
Today is Children’s Day.
It’s hot in summer.
5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。
He went to school without breakfast.
Let’s play football after school.
6.在某些固定短语中。
in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school
1. Tony is honest boy and his friends trust whatever he says. (填入一个适当的冠词)
2.Miriam thought,"A magic seed? Maybe it's Uncle Esai's joke, but why not have try?"(填入适当的冠词)
3. Jenny ordered a hamburger and hamburger was nice.
4. Bob is my brother. He likes playing basketball, but he doesn't like playing piano.
5. Tracy, exchange student from Norway, is university student in Heilongjiang now.
6. My mother is making apple pie and I want to try piece later.
7. James is hard-working engineer. His spirit encourages us.
8. Su Yiming is excellent sports star who made a great success in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
9. I usually have egg and some bread for breakfast.
10. Daqing is in north of China and it has population of more than 2.7 million.
11. Ben watched Tom and Jerry yesterday. cartoon made him laugh.
12. I got dog yesterday as birthday gift. dog is very cute and I like it.
13. After school, I bought present for my mother.
14. My friend and I sat at a table with large pot in the middle.
15. Judy read unusual report from Kaili Evening on 10th June.
16.At age of 18, Dong Lin went to Cambridge, very famous university in Britain.
17.English is really useful language. More and more people around world are learning it.
18.It's reported that terrible rainstorm hit southern part of our country last night.
19.Mr Smith told me that book on floor was English book, and it was mine.
20.On Sundays, I often play soccer, but my sister plays violin at home.
21.The students always have bread and porridge for dinner.
22.We can see sun in the day and moon at night.
23.I often play violin after class but my classmates play soccer.
24.The girl who will perform at the party tomorrow comes from European country.
25.Everyone in the city should play part in protecting the environment.
26.My desk mate is one of most excellent students in our school.
27. When I went past the bank yesterday, I saw old man lying on the street.
28.There is woman over there. woman is my English teacher.
29.His brother joined the army in spring of 2015.
30. Changjiang River is longest river in China.
第三部分 代词
考点要求
课标要求
命题预测
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
· 掌握人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的基本用法
反身代词、物主代词、不定代词和疑问代词是中考的高频考点。比如名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的区别,疑问代词含义区分,不定代词的正确选用,都是考查的重点。
主要以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空为主。
不定代词
· 掌握不定代词在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语等用法
· 区分some / any / few / a few / little / a little,other / the other / others / the others / another,both / none / either / neither及复合不定代词的用法
it的用法
· 掌握代词it基本用法,常考it作形式主语或宾语的句型
疑问代词
指示代词
相互代词
关系代词
· 掌握疑问代词who、whose、whom、what、which等用法
· 指示代词this、these、that、those等
· 相互代词:each other,one another等
· 关系代词引导的定语从句
考法01 人称代词
1.(2024·湖南省卷)Simon, who was head chef(主厨)then, began to show 48. (I) how to cook.
2. (2023·湖南郴州卷)For example, our parents may ask ____56____ about progress or decisions in life.
考法02 物主代词
1.(2024·湖南长沙卷)Kumquats (金橘), with ___33___ (they) golden color, ate a symbol of wealth and luck.
2. (2023·湖南怀化卷) The hometown is the place that holds ___70___ (he) best memories.
3. (2023·湖南长沙卷)A parent or best friend would also love to receive ____38____ (you) letter.
考法03 反身代词
3.(2022·湖南岳阳卷)They get lots of life skills from these colorful clubs and have enough time to relax and think for ___49___.(they)
考法04 不定代词
4.(2023·湖南衡阳卷)—More and more teenagers are becoming interested in Xiangsheng and Xiaopin nowadays.
—Yeah, that’s because ________ can give people a big laugh.
A. all B. none C. both D. neither
考法05 复合不定代词
5.(2024·四川雅安)—Tommy, is there____________ in the classroom now?
—No. All the students are having a P. E. lesson on the playground.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
考法06 疑问代词
1.(2023·湖南岳阳卷)At school gates, you can see some volunteers with red vests (马甲). Can you guess ____41____ they are?
考法07 it的特殊用法
7.(2023·湖南衡阳卷)46.______ is very easy to donate smart TV sets to Tech-Help.
一、人称代词
人称代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
汉语
我
我们
你
你们
他
她
它
他们
主格
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
二、物主代词
物主代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
汉语
我的
我们的
你的
你们的
他的
她的
它的
他们的
形容词性
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
注意:
1. 人称代词在句子中作主语时用主格,作及物动词或介词的宾语时用宾格。
如:He goes to school on foot.
He told me that he would go there.
Bob is going to Shanghai on holiday with her.
2. 人称代词作表语时用宾格。
如:— Who is knocking at the door? — It’s me, Tom.
3. 形容词性物主代词只能用在名词前作定语,修饰名词。
如:They are doing their homework.
4. 名词性物主代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语。
如:— Whose book is this?
— It’s mine. Yours is under the table.
I usually tidy my room. You should tidy yours.
三、反身代词
反身代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
汉语
我自己
我们自己
你自己
你们自己
他自己
她自己
它自己
他们自己
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves
1)作宾语,表示反身代词与主语是同一人。
The girl is too young to look after herself. 这个女孩年纪太小,不能照顾自己。
Uncle Chen teaches himself English. 陈叔叔自学英语。
(2)作表语,常用于be, feel, seem, look等系动词之后,用来描述感觉、情绪或状态。
He is not himself today. 他今天不舒服。
I’m not feeling myself today. 我今天不太舒服。
(3)作同位语,表示强调,译成“亲自”“本人”。
You must do it yourself. 你必须自己做。
I myself did the homework last night. 昨晚是我自己做的家庭作业。
(4)用于固定搭配中。
by oneself独自;单独 come to oneself苏醒 dress oneself自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself玩得开心 help oneself to随便吃……
四、 指示代词
1. 定义:表示"这个""那个""这些""那些"等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。
单数
复数
含义
this 这个
these这此
指较近的人或物
that那个
those那些
指较远的人或物
(1)可作主语、宾语、表语。
This is my mother. 这是我妈妈。
Those are Jack’s books. 那些是杰克的书。
I like these and she likes those. 我喜欢这些,她喜欢那些。
What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。
(2)为避免重复,可用that和those代替前面提到的名词。
The population of China is much larger than that of America.
中国人口比美国人口多得多。(that=the population)
(3)在打电话时,通常用this指自己,用that指对方。
— Hello! Who is that? 你好,请问是哪位?
五、不定代词
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的句法功能
不定代词
成分
all,both,each,neither,either,much,little,many,few,other,some,any,one
在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语
everyone,everybody,everything,someone, somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,none
在句中可作主语、宾语和表语
every,no
在句中只能作定语
1. 不定代词的基本语法
(1)some、any的用法
不定代词
用 法
示 例
some
① 用于肯定句中,意为“一些人/事”,指代复数名词或不可数名词
Some are teachers; some are students.
有些人是老师,有些人是学生。
Here is some of their advice.
这是他们的一些建议。
② 用于疑问句中,表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答
The cake tastes good. Would you like some?
这蛋糕味道很好。你想要一些吗?
any
① 多用于否定句、疑问句中,意为“任何数量;任何一些”,指代复数名词或不可数名词
I need some science books. Are there any in the bookshop? 我需要一些科学书,书店里有吗?Please buy some milk. There isn’t any left in the fridge. 请买些牛奶。冰箱里一点也没有了。
② 用于肯定句中,表示“任一”
I have three dictionaries. You may use any.
我有三本词典,你随便用哪一本都可以。
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
用法
用于可数名词
用于不可数名词
表示肯定概念
a few虽少,但有几个
a little虽少,但有一点
表示否定概念
few不多,几乎没有
little不多,没有什么
(3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
用法
例句
other
某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的
Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里?
others
其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构
Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。
the other
两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构
She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。
the others
其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部
In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。
another
另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个"
You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗?
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
不定代词
含 义
作主语时谓语动词的数
示 例
both
两者都
复数
Both of us are interested in the film.
我们俩都对这部电影感兴趣。
either
两者中的任何一个
单数
Does either of you know Mr Li?
你们两人中有任何一个认识李先生吗?
neither
两者都不
单数
Neither of them is right. 他们两个都不对。
all
三者(或以上)都
复数
All of us are looking forward to the holiday. 我们都期待着假期的到来。
any
三者(或以上)中的任何一个
单数
You can read any of these books.
你可以读这些书中的任何一本。
none
三者(或以上)都不
单数/复数
None of the workers wants/want to work on weekends. 没有一个工人想在周末工作。
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
用法
例句
复合不定代词一般用作单数,在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语)
Do you need anything? 你需要点什么吗?(宾语)
Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)
复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语须放在它们后面
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。
由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时,常表示"无论什么东西,随便什么东西/事情"
There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。
Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?
(6)each和every
不定代词
用 法
示 例
each
指两者或两者以上中的每一个,强调个体;可与of连用
We each have a new schoolbag.
= Each of us has a new schoolbag.
我们每人有一个新书包。
every
只作形容词,不单独使用;指三者或以上的整体中的每一个,侧重于整体;不可直接与of连用
She knows every student in the school. 她认识学校里的每一个学生。
Every one of her students likes her very much. 她的每个学生都非常喜欢她。
(7)疑问代词
who
谁(主格)
whom
谁(宾格)
whose
谁的(所有格)
what
什么(人、物)
which
哪一个、哪些(人、物)
1. — skirt do you like, the red one or the yellow one?
— The red one.
2. Aunt Tina will visit us soon. is arriving tomorrow morning.
3. We need to go shopping. There is juice left in the fridge.
4. — Judy, is that boy with glasses (you) new classmate?
— Yes. He is from Canada.
5. Linda fell off the bike but she didn't hurt (she).
6. — Are these cameras made in Japan?
— Yes. And they are much cheaper than (that) made in America.
7. Watching tea preparation is as enjoyable as drinking tea (it).
8. This jacket is Mike's. It's not (I).
9. — Did you do (something) special on Teachers'Day?
— Yes, I made a card for my teacher.
10. Kids, help (you) to some fruit. It's good for your health.
11. Maria works more carefully than (other) in her company.
12. Peter was able to dress (he) when he was three years old.
13.No matter what happens, believe in (you), boys and girls.
14.(2024九上·巧家期末) The little boy can't have meals on time when parents are on business. (he)
15.(2024·上海市期中) All the students enjoyed when they were visiting the science museum. (they)
16.The journey was a little boring. We don't enjoy (we) at all.
17. The little boy said, "I am old enough to take good care of "(my).
18.(2024·黑龙江) We enjoyed (our) at Zhaolin Park last Sunday.
19.(2024·西山模拟) I am crazy about DIY and make lots of DIY works by .(I)
20.(2024·松江模拟) Ashley, a friend of , will go abroad with his family this summer holiday. (I)
21.(2024·青浦模拟) Facing the difficulties alone, the boy had no choice but to trust . (him)
22.(2024·临夏) Tina had to look after (she) younger sister at home last weekend.
23.(2024·寻甸模拟) Mr. Wang teaches Chinese. (we)
24.(2024·云南模拟)I told my best friend my problems and I asked him to keep them to (he).
25.(2024·云南) Nie Er is a great musician in China. We all take pride in . (he)
26.(2024·达州) There is something wrong with my computer. Could I use (you)?
27. We should improve (we) step by step to achieve success.
28. There is also a big swimming pool in the hotel for free. You can enjoy (you) at any time.
29. Scientists can't get there (they) as such places are hard to reach. Only the bravest adventurers can make it.
30. All the students have (they) own plans about how to spend a meaningful summer vacation.
31. Some wild animals need (we) protection, because they are in great danger now.
32.These books make the West realize there is a country with great culture which is different from (they).
33. Every student in our class was out except Gina and (I), because we had something else to do then.
34. My parents want (I) to be a doctor or an engineer in the future, but I want to be a cook.
35. Ms. Wang, an excellent teacher, teaches (we) math this term. We are very happy.
36. He says that the development of science and technology has given (he) a lot of chances to achieve his dream.
37. A friend of (I) told me he could see nothing except lots of people on Mount Tai.
38. All the good luck is just because Billy did the right thing—returning something that did not belong to (he).
39. Working in groups is a good method if you find it hard to solve the problems by (you).
40. If we care about other people's happiness, we may find (our), too.
41.My mother always teaches me not to waste money on any useless things even if I can afford (they).
42. Mike couldn't leave his grandmother by (she) because she is unable to move freely.
43. The oranges in the box are better than (that) on the shelf.
44. The nice little dog waved (it) tail happily, welcoming the owner back home.
45.(2024·耿马模拟) The world is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and communication tools.( it)
第四部分:介词
介词是中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。
中考考查重点:
1. 介词辨析;
2. 介词短语辨析。
介词是一种虚词,它不能单独担任句子成分,必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语,才能担任句子成分。
考点要求
课标要求
命题预测
介词
在具体语境下考查介词用法辨析
介词词的考点常以语法填空、完形填空的形式进行考查
介词短语辨析;固定搭配
1. (2024·湖南长沙卷) According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits ___27___ each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special meanings.
2. (2024·湖南省卷)There's also a special menu 55. children on Saturdays and that's when we serve traditional food.
3. (2023·湖南永州卷)The People’s Republic of China was set up _________ 1st October 1949. People have celebrated the National Day since then.
4. (2023·湖南岳阳卷)When students go ____42____ the street, parent volunteers put up a “SLOW” sign to let drivers slow down.
5. (2023·湖南岳阳卷)In the countryside, some college students play an important role ____50____ volunteering.
考向1 时间介词
表示"时间"的介词如下:
① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on
② 表示时间的前后用before, after
③ 表示期限等用by, until, till
④ 表示期间等用for, during, through
⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since
⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in
at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间
at that time那时 at the moment此刻,目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔,有时
at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候,起初 at last最后
►We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。
on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时,一律用on)
on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上
on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时 on the night of July(the)first 在七月一日的夜晚
►We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。
in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。
in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中
in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年
in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季
in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季
in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午
in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时
in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿,立刻
►The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
►People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。
►Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作?
before, after(注:两个既可以作介词又可以作连词)
before在……之前
►Wash your hands before dinner.(before作介词)吃饭前请洗手。
►He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.(前一个before作连词;后一个before作介词)他离开这儿之前/十点之前,将给我打电话。
after在……之后
►Let’s sing some songs after school.(after作介词)放学后咱们唱歌吧!
►Please close the door after you leave the room.(after作连词)离开房间后请关门。
by, until/till
by 在……前(时间);截止(到)……
►How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书?
►She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时(之前)她已经走了。
by the end of在……底(之前) by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前
until/till知道……为止(时间)
►We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点,我们才开始看电视。(begin是点动词,所以用否定式)
►I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。
for, during, through
for
达……之久(表示经过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但经常和完成时连用。
during
在……期间
through
一直……(从开始到结束)
►He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。
►We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。
►They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。
►They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
►He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。
from, since
from从……起(时间)
表示"从……开始"时,一般都是用词组from...to...,而单纯表示确切的"从几点开始"时用at。
►The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。
►The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。
since自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
►I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。(强调一直病到现在)
►The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(since作连词,引导时间状语从句)这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
in, within
in过……后(未来时间)大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。
in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后
►He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
►They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。
within不超过……的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内
►I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
考向2 表示场所、方向的介词
(1) 表示场所的介词:at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite
(2) 表示方向的介词:into, out of, along, across, through, up, past
①at, in
at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家
stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂
at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上
at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁
at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口
at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。
in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里
►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。
►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。
②on, above, over, under, below
on在……上面,有接触面。
on the desk在桌子上面;on the map在地图上。
on在……靠近……的地方
on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上
on the river在河边 on the farm在农场
on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨
on the pavement在人行道上
above在……上方
►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
over在……正上方,是under的反义词
►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。
►under在……下面;在……之内
under the table桌子下面
under the jacket在夹克内
►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。
below在……下方(不一定是正下方) 正下方是under,below是above的反义词。
►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
③near, by
near近的,不远的
near=not far,是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不久的将来
►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗?
by在……旁边,距离比near要近
by the window在窗户旁边
by me在我旁边
►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
④ between, among, around
between在两者之间
►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。
►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别?
among在三者或更多的之中
►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎(很出名)。
around环绕,在……周围,在……四周
►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。
►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
⑤ in front of,behind,opposite
in front of早……的前面;在……的前部
►There is a tree in front of the house.
►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词
►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。
►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。
opposite在……对面
►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。
►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。
⑥ in, into, out of, up
in在……之内,用于表示静止的位置
►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。
into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。
►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
out of和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向
►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。
out of的基本含义:从……到外面,离开;在……范围之外;从(某个数)之中 up移动
►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。
⑦ along, across, past, through
along沿着
►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了。
across横过
►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past经过
►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。
through贯穿,通过
►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。
►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
⑧ to, from, for
考向3 易混易错介词的用法辨析
1)表示时间的介词at, on, in
介词
用 法
示 例
at
+某个时刻
at 10 o’clock 在10点钟 at half past three 在三点半
+持续一段时间的节日,表示在期间
at Christmas 在圣诞节 at Chinese New Year 在春节
+特定时间
at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at that time 在那时
on
+具体的某一天
on Monday 在周一 on Christmas Day 在圣诞日
on December 25th 在12月25日
+某一天的上午、下午、傍晚
on Sunday morning 在周日上午
on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午
on the evening of October 1st 在10月1日傍晚
in
+较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节)
in the 21st century 在21世纪
in the Song Dynasty 在宋朝 in 2023在2023年
in May 在五月 in spring 在春天
+泛指的上午、下午、傍晚
in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在傍晚
+一段时间
in a year/month/week 在一年/月/周之中
2)表示时间的介词since, for, from... to...
介词
用 法
示 例
since
+时间点;表示“自从……以来”,通常与完成时连用
She has been in Guangzhou since 2010.
自2010年以来,她一直在广州。
for
+一段时间;表示“持续一段时间”,可用于过去时、现在时、将来时、完成时多种时态,谓语动词只能用延续性动词
Jim stayed with us for three days.
吉姆和我们一起住了三天。
She has been in Guangzhou for 10 years. 她已在广州待了10年了。
from... to...
表示“从……到……”,可用于过去时、现在时和将来时
My brother works from Monday to Saturday. 我哥哥从周一到周六上班。
3)表示位置的介词on, above, below, over, under
介 词
用 法
示 例
on在……上面
表示一物在另一物上面,两物接触
The pencil-box is on the desk.
笔盒在书桌上。
above在……之上;高于……
两物不接触,不说明是否垂直
We are flying above the clouds.
我们在云层上面飞行。
below在……之下;低于……
Don’t write anything below the line. 不要在这条线下面写字。
over在……正上方
两物不接触,是垂直关系
There is a bridge over the river.
河上有一座桥。
under在……正下方
Your football is under the table.
你的足球在桌子下面。
4)表示方位的介词in, on, to
介词
用 法
示 例
in
表示在某地范围之内
Guangdong is in the south of China.
广东在中国南部。
on
表示与某地相邻或接壤
Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.
广东在湖南南边。
to
表示在某地范围之外
Guangdong is to the south of Hubei.
广东在湖北南面。
5)表示动态的介词across, through
介词
用 法
示 例
across
从表面上穿过;横穿
Be careful when you go across the street. 过马路时要小心。
through
从中间(内部)穿过
The moonlight went through the window into the room. 月光透过窗户照进房间。
6)表示方式的介词by, in, with
介词
用 法
示 例
by
乘坐交通工具
I go to school by bike. 我骑车上学。
通过……方式
You can turn on the machine by pressing this button.
你可以按这个按钮来打开机器。
in
用某种语言或材料
Please say it in English. 请用英文说。
You’d better write the letter in ink.
你最好用钢笔写信。
with
用某种具体的工具或手段
You’d better write the letter with a pen.
你最好用钢笔写信。
We see with our eyes. 我们用眼睛看东西。
考向4 介词短语
1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后
3 at first 起先,首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时
5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初
7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时
9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助
11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容
13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿
15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起
17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离
19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久
21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车
23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说
25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止
27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上
30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙
32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快
34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众,公开地
36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面
38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后,终于
40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次
42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿
44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿
46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行,走路
48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面
50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边
52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)
54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是
1. Don't walk the street when the traffic lights are red.
2. It is important people to learn team spirit.
3. We have a job for you a waiter.
4. I usually like to buy things that are made China.
5. This piece of wood can be made a ruler.
6. The cake is made sugar, butter and water.
7. Mr White came into the classroom a book in his hand.
8.Peter was used living alone several months later.
9.This room is used their office.
10. Who have you invited your house for your birthday party?
11. What is the arrangement(安排) of seats in your classroom? Do you sit rows?
12. In English schools, students sit tables. It's very different from those in China.
13. I must apologise not letting you know ahead of time.
14. Our school's basketball team is training the coming match.
15.The temperatures remained zero all day yesterday.So we all wore thick clothes.
16.This kind of music is very popular teenagers in these days. ( 用适当的地点介词填空 )
17. The whole class is divided several groups, with ten students in each group, standing in line.
18. I first came to know LeBron James because of a game I was watching accident on TV.
19. Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake, and it's also widely known Longjing tea.
20. Mandy stood at the top of the mountain and found that the houses were very small.
21. ChatGPT collects information from your questions and answers in the past, and gives you new answers the questions at present.
22. As the saying goes,"Be strict ourselves, but be friendly to others."
23.We never doubt that Millie can deal with the problems her own.
24. There were differences in what people liked to do outdoors (在······之中) the three countries.
25. Now we are ready the coming dragon boat race.
26. Thomas got married Kate two years ago, and they had a baby last month.
27. Pete always dreams of flying the moon by spaceship.
28.Repair work is expensive and I have to keep that mind.
29. Every night, Ben took some of his own grain and added it his brother's store
30. If you're making efforts not to be bored in your life, we'll offer you expert advice how to have more fun.
31. All the students have gone to the science museum Tom, because he is ill.
32. All the guests in the hotel died after the earthquake him, because he was awake and ran out in time.
33. After running a field and walking a forest, she finally reached a small river.
34. The newly-built teaching building provides the students a comfortable learning environment.
35. The instrument Eye Harp is specially designed disabled people to play music with eyes.
36. About 12,000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon April 2nd.
37. There are a lot of ways to keep healthy. example, we can do more exercise and eat less junk food.
38. We need to tell people to just do one small thing well instead 100things poorly.
39. Thanks the teacher' s help, I have made much progress.
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