专题05 Unit 3 单元话题语言知识把关(完形填空8篇+语法填空7篇)--2024-2025学年高二英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020选择必修第三册)

Unit 3 Back to the past (译林版2020选择必修第三册) 单元话题语言知识把关(完形填空8篇+语法填空7篇) Ⅰ完形填空 Passage 1 Lady Feng with hurried steps 1 to the centre of the room. “If we are to play at forfeits (行酒令),” she 2 proposed, “we’d better invite sister Yuan Yang to come and join us.” The whole 3 was perfectly aware that if dowager (老年贵妇) Chia had to 4 the rule of forfeits, Yuan Yang would necessarily have to suggest it, so the moment they heard the 5 they, with agreement, approved it as excellent. Lady Feng therefore dragged Yuan Yang over. “As you’re to take a part in the game,” Madame Wang observed, “there’s no 6 why you should stand up.” And turning her 7 round, “Bring over,” she bade a young waiting-maid, “a chair here.” Yuan Yang, half 8 and half assenting, expressed her thanks, and took the seat. After drinking also of a cup of wine, “Drinking rules,” she smiled, “resemble very much martial law; 9 irrespective of high or low, I alone will preside. Any one who disobeys my words will have to suffer a punishment.” Hearing that, old goody Liu left the table, waving her hand: “Don’t,” she said, “ 10 people in this way, for I’ll go home.” “This will never do!” One and all protested. Old goody Liu kept on crying, “ 11 me!” “Any one who says one word more,” Yuan Yang exclaimed, “will be fined a whole decanter (雕花玻璃酒瓶) full.” Old goody Liu then 12 observed silence. “I’ll now give out the set of dominoes (牙牌；骨牌副).” Yuan Yang 13 . “I’ll begin from our venerable dowager and follow down in proper order. So as to illustrate what I meant, I’ll take these three dominoes and place them apart; you have to begin by saying something on the first, next, to allude (顺便提及) to the second, and, after finishing with all three, to take the 14 of the whole set and match it with a line.” “This rule is 15 ; begin at once!” they all exclaimed. 1．A．charged B．advanced C．flied D．marched 2．A．smilingly B．nervously C．pleasingly D．unwillingly 3．A．family B．crowd C．member D．company 4．A．lay out B．come out C．give out D．take out 5．A．suggestion B．rule C．proposal D．inform 6．A．reason B．cause C．excuse D．explanation 7．A．pitch B．head C．eyes D．lips 8．A．protesting B．resisting C．refusing D．revolting 9．A．because B．but C．though D．so 10．A．make fun of B．make use of C．take advantage of D．take charge of 11．A．stand B．spare C．aid D．pardon 12．A．at least B．at heart C．at length D．at times 13．A．paused B．repeated C．stressed D．proceeded 14．A．place B．name C．illustration D．number 15．A．astonishing B．difficult C．splendid D．passable 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在贾府中，凤姐提议玩行酒令，并邀请鸳鸯一起参与。在玩行酒令的过程中，鸳鸯主持并制定规则，刘姥姥因不适应规则而想要离开，但在大家的劝说下继续游戏，最后鸳鸯详细解释了行酒令的玩法。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：凤姐迈着匆忙的脚步走到房间中央。A. charged冲锋；B. advanced向前移动，走到；C. flied飞；D. marched行进(多指军队)。根据“with hurried steps”可知，凤姐匆匆走到房间中央。故选B项。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“如果我们要玩行酒令，”她笑着提议，“我们最好邀请鸳鸯姐姐来和我们一起。”A. smilingly微笑着；B. nervously紧张地；C. pleasingly令人愉快地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据语境可知，凤姐在提议玩行酒令时，应该是面带微笑的，以显得友好和热情。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有人都知道，如果贾母要宣布行酒令的规则，鸳鸯必然会提出来，所以他们一听到这个提议，就一致同意认为这是极好的。A. family家庭；B. crowd人群；C. member成员；D. company在一起的一群人。根据语境可知，此处指参加宴会的一群人，即在一起的所有人。故选D项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. lay out展示；B. come out出现；C. give out宣布；D. take out拿出。根据后文“the rule of forfeits”可知，此处指宣布行酒令的规则。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. suggestion建议；B. rule规则；C. proposal提议；D. inform通知。根据前文“she 2 proposed”可知，大家听到的是凤姐的提议。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：王夫人说：“既然你要参加游戏，你就没有理由站着。”A. reason理由；B. cause原因；C. excuse借口；D. explanation解释。根据前文“As you’re to take a part in the game”可知，既然鸳鸯要参加游戏，就没有理由站起来了。故选A项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她转过头来，“把椅子搬过来，”她吩咐一个年轻的侍女。A. pitch音高；B. head头；C. eyes眼睛；D. lips嘴唇。根据前文“turning”和后文“Bring over a chair here”可知，王夫人转过头来吩咐侍女搬椅子；turn one’s head round“转过头来”。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：鸳鸯半推半就地表达了感谢，然后坐了下来。A. protesting抗议；B. resisting抵抗；C. refusing拒绝(此处指推辞）；D. revolting反抗。根据后文“and half assenting”可知，鸳鸯对坐下来的提议是半推半就的，即既有点推辞又同意了。故选C项。 9．考查连词词义辨析。句意：“饮酒规则，”她笑着说，“很像军法；所以，不论高低，都由我一个人主持。”A. because因为；B. but但是；C. though虽然；D. so所以。根据前文“resemble very much martial law”和“I alone will preside”可知，前后句之间为因果关系，所以用so连接。故选D项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：刘姥姥离开桌子，挥着手说：“别这样捉弄人，我要回家了。”A. make fun of捉弄，取笑；B. make use of利用；C. take advantage of占……的便宜；D. take charge of负责。根据后文“for I’ll go home”可知，刘姥姥觉得大家在捉弄她，所以要回家。故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：刘姥姥不停地叫喊着说：“饶了我吧！”A. stand站立；B. spare饶恕；C. aid帮助；D. pardon原谅(通常用于请求别人原谅自己)。根据前文“Old goody Liu kept on crying”可知，刘姥姥想让大家不要再捉弄她了，饶了她。故选B项。 12．考查介词短语辨析。句意：刘姥姥终于不再说话了。A. at least至少；B. at heart内心里；C. at length终于；D. at times有时。根据前文““Any one who says one word more,” Yuan Yang exclaimed, “will be fined a whole decanter (雕花玻璃酒瓶) full.””和后文“observed silence”可知，听到鸳鸯的“威胁”，刘姥姥终于不再说话了。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我现在分发骨牌。”鸳鸯继续说。A. paused暂停；B. repeated重复；C. stressed强调；D. proceeded继续(进行)。根据前文“I’ll now give out the set of dominoes”可知，鸳鸯继续解释行酒令的玩法。故选D项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了说明我的意思，我将拿这三张骨牌，把它们分开；先说头一张，次说第二张，再说第三张，说完了，合成这一副儿的名字，与一句话相配。A. place地方；B. name名字；C. illustration说明；D. number数字。根据后文“of the whole set”和“match it with a line”可知，指合成整套骨牌的名字，与一句话相配，作为行酒令的一部分。故选B项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这个规则太好了；马上开始！”他们都喊道。A. astonishing令人惊讶的；B. difficult困难的；C. splendid极好的；D. passable尚可的。根据后文“begin at once!”和“they all exclaimed”可推知，大家都觉得这个规则很好，所以要求马上开始。故选C项。 Passage 2 In the UK, one in every three children lives in poverty. Author and illustrator (插画师) Tom Percival says this 16 him.“It is not fair that some children are at such a (n) 17 compared with others,” he says. The Wrong Shoes, Percival’s latest book, 18 this problem. It is told from the 19 of Will, whose shoes let in water when it rains. Will and his dad are very 20 of money, so he can’t get new shoes like his friends. And he doesn’t want to 21 this to anyone. When Will’s best friend 22 him his old sports shoes, he gets 23 and upset. But fortunately, he finally finds comfort in the people he least 24 , such as a shopkeeper he doesn’t know. Percival hopes The Wrong Shoes will 25 a light on the difficulties of disadvantaged children across the UK. “I want people to have an awareness of the additional challenge 26 children in Will’s position,” he says. Some of Will’s character and personality are 27 by Percival’s own experiences. As a child, Percival loved art, like Will, who draws to 28 . “Having positive outlets (发泄途径) in your life can make you feel good,” he says. The book 29 a strong message about the power of empathy (同理心) and hope. For every copy of The Wrong Shoes that is sold, £1 will 30 the National Literacy Trust, a charity that helps children and young people learn and read. 16．A．angers B．inspires C．frightens D．calms 17．A．loss B．event C．disadvantage D．uncertainty 18．A．addresses B．emphasizes C．avoids D．ignores 19．A．view B．heart C．source D．past 20．A．aware B．independent C．conscious D．short 21．A．report B．show C．pass D．keep 22．A．sells B．tells C．offers D．awards 23．A．excited B．embarrassed C．shocked D．depressed 24．A．approaches B．believes C．demands D．expects 25．A．shine B．steal C．produce D．reflect 26．A．facing B．bathing C．testing D．doubting 27．A．explored B．predicted C．influenced D．occupied 28．A．impress B．escape C．update D．survive 29．A．hides B．promotes C．delivers D．receives 30．A．take up B．make for C．carry on D．go to 【答案】16．A 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．D 21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．D 【语篇解读】本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了作家兼插画师珀西瓦尔的新书《错的鞋子》，作者希望通过这本书能让人们意识到英国有三分之一的孩子生活贫困的现状，同时也通过这本书给人们传递希望。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作家兼插画师珀西瓦尔说这让他很生气。A. angers使生气；B. inspires激励；C. frightens恐吓、使害怕；D. calms使平静。根据上句“In the UK, one in every three children lives in poverty. (在英国，每三个孩子中就有一个生活在贫困中。)”和下句““It is not fair that some children are at such a（n）2　 compared with others,” he says.(与其他孩子相比，有些孩子处于这样的劣势，这是不公平的。)”可知，珀西瓦尔认为有一些孩子处于贫困这样的劣势是非常不公平的，为此他应该感到很生气。故选A。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与其他孩子相比，有些孩子处于这样的劣势，这是不公平的。A. loss丢失；B. event事件；B. disadvantage劣势；D. uncertainty不确定。根据前文“In the UK, one in every three children lives in poverty. (在英国，每三个孩子中就有一个生活在贫困中。)”和第三段“Percival hopes The Wrong Shoes will　10　　 a light on the difficulties of disadvantaged children across the UK.(珀西瓦尔希望《错的鞋子》能揭露英国弱势儿童的困境。)”中的“disadvantaged children”可知，珀西瓦尔认为贫困孩子是弱势群体，处于一种劣势。故选C。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：珀西瓦尔的新书《错的鞋子》强调了这个问题。A. addresses解决；B emphasizes强调；C. avoids避免；D. ignores忽视。根据第二段对故事主人公威尔所发生故事的描述可知，威尔家中贫穷，连一双新鞋子都买不起，处于贫困的劣势，所以这本书强调突出了这个问题。故选B。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事是从威尔的角度讲的，下雨时他的鞋子会进水。A. view角度、观点；B. heart心；C. source来源；D. past过去。根据第二段内容可知，该段讲述了威尔的鞋子在下雨天进了水，而父亲没钱给他买新鞋，他不想让别人知道这种窘迫，所以在他的好朋友给了他一双自己的旧鞋时，他很难为情，也很不开心。由此可见，这本书的故事是从威尔的角度讲述的。故选A。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：威尔和他爸爸很缺钱，所以他不能像他的朋友们那样买新鞋。A. aware意识到的；be aware of意识到、知道；B. independent独立的；C. conscious有意识的；be conscious of意识到；D. short短的；be short of缺少。根据句中“ so he can’t get new shoes like his friends”可知，威尔没法买新鞋，应该是因为他和爸爸都很缺钱。故选D。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不想把这个给任何人看。A. report汇报；B. show展示，给……看；C. pass传递；D. keep保存。根据上句“Will and his dad are very 　5　 of money, so he can’t get new shoes like his friends. (威尔和他爸爸很缺钱，所以他不能像他的朋友们那样买新鞋。)”可知，威尔家里很穷，他并不想让其他人知道这点，不想把这种情况给任何人看到。故选B。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔最好的朋友把他的旧运动鞋给他时，他感到难堪和烦闷。A. sells售卖；B. tells告诉；C. offers提供；D. awards颁发。根据“best friend”可知，威尔最好的朋友在看到他的鞋子进水后，应该是要帮助他的，所以把自己的旧鞋子给了他。故选C。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当威尔最好的朋友把他的旧运动鞋给他时，他感到难堪和烦闷。A. excited激动的；B. embarrassed尴尬的、难堪的；C. shocked吃惊的；D. depressed抑郁的。根据前文“And he doesn’t want to 　6　 this to anyone.(他不想把这个给任何人看。) ”可知，威尔不想让其他人知道自己家里很贫穷而买不起鞋，所以当他的好朋友给他鞋子时，他感到很难堪、烦闷。故选B。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但幸运的是，他最终在他最意想不到的人身上找到了安慰，比如一个他不认识的店主。A. approaches接近；B. believes相信；C. demands要求；D. expects期待、预料。根据句中“such as a shopkeeper he doesn’t know”可知，他不认识的店主应该是他没有预料到的人。故选D。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：珀西瓦尔希望《错的鞋子》能揭露英国弱势儿童的困境。A. shine照耀；shine a light on揭示，揭露；B. steal偷；C. produce生产；D. reflect反映。根据下句“I want people to have an awareness of the additional challenge 　11　children in Will’s position,(我希望人们能意识到像威尔这样的孩子所面临的额外挑战，)”可知，珀西瓦尔希望自己的书能让人们意识到像威尔这样的英国的弱势儿童所面临的贫穷挑战，可见他希望自己的书能够揭露这些孩子的困境。故选A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望人们能意识到像威尔这样的孩子面临的额外挑战。A. facing面临；B. bathing洗澡，沐浴；C. testing测试；D. doubting怀疑。根据第二段对威尔故事的描述可知，威尔代表了面临着贫穷挑战的弱势儿童，故结合本句中的“challenge”可知，这里指儿童面临的挑战。故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：威尔的一些性格和个性受到了珀西瓦尔自身经历的影响。A. explored探索；B. predicted预测；C. influenced影响；D. occupied占据。根据下句“As a child, Percival loved art, like Will, who draws to 　13　(珀西瓦尔小时候喜欢艺术，就像威尔一样，画画是为了逃避.)”可知，珀西瓦尔性格和爱好同书中威尔的很像，可见威尔的一些性格受到了作者珀西瓦尔自身经历的影响。故选C。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：珀西瓦尔小时候喜欢艺术，就像威尔一样，画画是为了逃避。A. impress使印象深刻；B. escape逃避、摆脱；C. update更新；D. survive生存。根据下句““Having positive outlets（发泄途径）in your life can make you feel good,” he says.(他说：“在你的生活中有积极的发泄途径可以让你感觉良好。”)”可知，珀西瓦尔认为生活中需要有一个正面的方法来发泄自己的负面情绪，而画画就是这样的一种途径，可以逃避、摆脱掉自己的不开心，让自己感觉良好。故选B。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这本书强烈地传达了同理心和希望的力量。A. hides隐藏；B. promote促进； C. delivers传递，传送；D. receives接受。根据第二段“The Wrong Shoes, Percival’s latest book, 　3　 this problem.(珀西瓦尔的新书《错的鞋子》强调了这个问题。)”和第三段“Percival hopes The Wrong Shoes will 　10　 a light on the difficulties of disadvantaged children across the UK(珀西瓦尔希望《错的鞋子》能揭露英国弱势儿童的困境。)”可知，这本书强烈地传递了同理心和希望的力量。故选C。 30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：《错的鞋子》每卖出一本，就会有1英镑捐给国家扫盲基金会，这是一个帮助儿童和年轻人学习和阅读的慈善机构。A. take up占据，开始；B. make for导致，促进；C. carry on继续做；D. go to去往、走到。根据句中“a charity”可知，“the National Literacy Trust”是一个慈善机构，所以每卖出一本该书，就会向该机构捐出1英镑，即会有1英镑进到该机构中。故选D。 Passage 3 Small, spoon-shaped objects found on the end of warriors’ belts at archaeological sites across northern Europe could have been used to dispense stimulants (分配兴奋剂) before battle, a study suggests. The widespread use of drugs in ancient Greece and Rome was 31 in ancient sources and supported by archaeological finds. However, this body of evidence was 32 for the Germanic peoples living outside the Roman Empire, and it is generally assumed that they made little 33 of drugs apart from alcohol. Now, 34 by archaeologists offer a fresh viewpoint on these issues. Researchers identified 241 such 35 dating from the Roman period. They have handles, mostly 40-70mm long, and either a concave (凹的) bowl or flat disk measuring 10 to 20mm across. They were 36 to a man’s belt but played no role in its 37 . Stimulants may have been widely used to motivate soldiers to 38 their performance and also to reduce the stress and 39 caused by the war. The warriors could have used these objects to measure the right dose to 40 the desired effects. Researchers then surveyed which stimulants could have been 41 to the Germanic communities, either plants gathered locally or 42 in dry form from further afield. They conclude that Germanic peoples would have had access to a wide range of substances used as stimulants. These could have been 43 either in liquid form or in powdered form. Moreover, they note that to 44 the quantity and type of stimulants needed would have required considerable knowledge. They further believe that the stimulants were probably also used for 45 other than warfare, such as in medicine and rituals. 31．A．accepted B．documented C．forbidden D．misunderstood 32．A．convincing B．growing C．conflicting D．missing 33．A．difference B．sense C．use D．mention 34．A．analyses B．standards C．instructions D．measures 35．A．battles B．objects C．problems D．drugs 36．A．applied B．attached C．limited D．exposed 37．A．production B．understanding C．functioning D．transportation 38．A．review B．share C．boost D．track 39．A．shame B．infection C．danger D．fear 40．A．produce B．avoid C．assess D．study 41．A．available B．helpful C．unnecessary D．attractive 42．A．exchanged B．seen C．transformed D．transported 43．A．raised B．possessed C．collected D．consumed 44．A．spare B．detect C．supply D．store 45．A．benefits B．purposes C．forms D．findings 【答案】31．B 32．D 33．C 34．A 35．B 36．B 37．C 38．C 39．D 40．A 41．A 42．D 43．D 44．C 45．B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究表明，在北欧考古遗址战士腰带上发现的小勺状物体可能用于战斗前分发兴奋剂。古希腊和罗马使用毒品有充足记载及考古支撑，但罗马帝国之外的日耳曼民族使用毒品的证据曾缺失。考古学家发现241件罗马时期的此类物品，其或用于测量兴奋剂剂量，以提升士兵表现、减轻战争恐惧。研究人员认为日耳曼社区可获取多种兴奋剂，或呈液体或粉末状被服用，且这些兴奋剂的用途不仅限于战争，还涵盖医疗和仪式等方面。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在古希腊和罗马，药物的广泛使用在古代文献中有记载，并得到考古发现的支持。A. accepted接受；B. documented记录，记载；C. forbidden禁止；D. misunderstood误解。根据下文“in ancient sources and supported by archaeological finds”可知，在古代资料中有记载并且有考古发现支持，“documented”有“记录，记载”的意思，符合语境。故选B项。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于生活在罗马帝国之外的日耳曼民族来说，这一证据是缺失的，人们普遍认为，除了酒精之外，他们很少使用药物。A. convincing有说服力的；B. growing增长的；C. conflicting冲突的；D. missing缺失的。根据“However”以及下文“it is generally assumed that they made little ___3___ of drugs apart from alcohol.”可知，对于生活在罗马帝国之外的日耳曼民族来说，这方面的证据是缺失的，“missing”表示“缺失的，缺少的”，符合文意。故选D项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于生活在罗马帝国之外的日耳曼民族来说，这一证据是缺失的，人们普遍认为，除了酒精之外，他们很少使用药物。A. difference区别；B. sense感觉；C. use使用；D. mention注意。根据上文“Small, spoon-shaped objects found on the end of warriors’ belts at archaeological sites across northern Europe could have been used to dispense stimulants ( 分配兴奋剂 ) before battle, a study suggests.”可知，文章主要讨论北欧古代兴奋剂的使用情况；可推测此处指人们普遍认为除了酒精，他们很少使用药物，“make use of”是固定短语，意为“使用，利用”，所以这里用“use”。故选C项。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，考古学家的分析为这些问题提供了新的观点。A. analyses分析；B. standards标准；C. instructions指示；D. measures措施。根据下文“offer a fresh viewpoint on these issues”以及下文对一些物品的研究可知，这里是考古学家的分析提供了新观点，“analyses”表示“分析”，符合语境。故选A项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员确定了241件这样的物品，可以追溯到罗马时期。A. battles战斗；B. objects物品；C. problems问题；D. drugs药物。根据上文“Small, spoon-shaped objects found on the end of warriors’ belts at archaeological sites across northern Europe”以及下文“ They have handles, mostly 40-70mm long, and either a concave (凹的) bowl or flat disk measuring 10 to 20mm across.”可知，这里说的是研究人员确定了241个这样的物品，“objects”表示“物品”，符合文意。故选B项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们系在男人的腰带上，但对腰带的功能没有任何作用。A. applied应用；B. attached附属于，系在……上；C. limited限制；D. exposed暴露。根据第一段“Small, spoon-shaped objects found on the end of warriors’ belts at archaeological sites across northern Europe could have been used to dispense stimulants (分配兴奋剂) before battle, a study suggests.”可知，这些物品是系在男人的腰带上的，“be attached to”表示“附属于，系在……上”，符合语境。故选B项。 37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们系在男人的腰带上，但对腰带的功能没有任何作用。A. production生产；B. understanding理解；C. functioning功能，起作用；D. transportation运输。根据“but played no role in its ___7___”可知，它们系在腰带上但对腰带的功能没有作用，“functioning”表示“功能，起作用”，符合文意。故选C项。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：兴奋剂可能被广泛用于激励士兵提高他们的表现，也可以减少战争造成的压力和恐惧。A. review回顾；B. share分享；C. boost提高，增强；D. track追踪。根据上文“Stimulants may have been widely used to motivate soldiers”可知，兴奋剂可能被广泛用于激励士兵提高他们的表现，“boost”有“提高，增强”的意思，符合语境。故选C项。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴奋剂可能被广泛用于激励士兵提高他们的表现，也可以减少战争造成的压力和恐惧。A. shame羞耻；B. infection感染；C. danger危险；D. fear恐惧。根据“reduce the stress and ___9___caused by the war”可知，此处指减少战争带来的压力和恐惧，“fear”表示“恐惧”，符合文意。故选D项。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：战士们可以用这些物体来测量正确的剂量，以产生预期的效果。A. produce产生； B. avoid避免；C. assess评估；D. study学习。根据上文“The warriors could have used these objects to measure the right dose”可知，战士们可能用这些物品来测量合适的剂量以产生期望的效果，“produce”有“产生，引起”的意思，符合语境。故选A项。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员随后调查了日耳曼人社区可能获得的兴奋剂，要么是当地采集的植物，要么是从更远的地方以干燥的形式运输过来的。A. available可获得的，可用的；B. helpful有帮助的；C. unnecessary不需要的；D. attractive有吸引力的。根据下文“…to the Germanic communities, either plants gathered locally or ___12___ in dry form from further afield”可知，研究人员调查哪些兴奋剂对日耳曼社区是可用的，“available”表示“可获得的，可用的”，符合语境。故选A项。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员随后调查了日耳曼人社区可能获得的兴奋剂，要么是当地采集的植物，要么是从更远的地方以干燥的形式运输过来的。A. exchanged交换；B. seen看见；C. transformed改变；D. transported运输。根据下文“…in dry form from further afield”可知，此处指要么是当地采集的植物，要么是从更远的地方以干燥形式运输来的，“transported”表示“运输”，符合文意。故选D项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些可能以液体形式或粉末形式被服用。A. raised提高；B. possessed拥有；C. collected收集；D. consumed消耗，服用。根据句意以及下文“…either in liquid form or in powdered form.”可知，这些兴奋剂可能以液体或粉末形式被服用，consume有“吃；喝”符合语境。故选D项。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们指出，提供所需兴奋剂的数量和类型需要相当多的知识。A. spare抽出，腾出；B. detect检测；C. supply提供；D. store储存。根据上下文语境以及下文“the quantity and type of stimulants”可知，此处指提供所需兴奋剂的数量和类型需要相当多的知识。故选C项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们进一步认为，兴奋剂也可能用于战争以外的目的，如医学和仪式。A. benefits益处；B. purposes目的；C. forms形式；D. findings发现。根据下文“such as in medicine and rituals” 可知，他们进一步认为兴奋剂可能也用于除战争之外的其他目的，“purposes”表示“目的”，符合语境。故选B项。 Passage 4 When Sam Fisher took his two young sons, Jessin, 10, and Liam, 7, and their 9-year-old cousin Kaiden on a hike in the Badlands of North Dakota, he was probably planning a day of sightseeing and light exercise. What he did not 46 , however, was the group’s 47 the remains of a young Tyrannosaurus rex that lived millions of years ago. Their find was considered as an “unbelievable 48 ” by the Denver Museum of Nature & Science and will be 49 at the museum. Fisher and the boys were surely 50 . They 51 the fossil (化石) with all the respect it deserved. Fisher sent a photo of the find to his old high school classmate, Dr. Tyler Lyson, a paleontologist (古生物学家) in the Denver Museum of Nature & Science and asked for advice. Then, Dr. Lyson 52 on the site with the family as well as a skilled team to 53 up the fossil. 54 they unearthed the remains of the teenage Tyrannosaurus rex. The fossil has since been called “Teen Rex”. According to the size of the bone, experts judged the dinosaur was between 12 and 14 years old at the time of its 55 and weighed around 3,500 pounds, about half the size of a 56 Tyrannosaurus rex, 57 there would have been still much room for growth. “It is 58 to find complete Tyrannosaurus rex fossils, and even more unusual to find the young one. These boys have made a discovery that 59 science and deepens our understanding of the natural world,” says Dr. Lyson. In addition to the display, the museum will also be 60 a new 40-minute film T.REX, which tells this astonishing story. 46．A．find B．expect C．notice D．acquire 47．A．clearing away B．looking for C．passing down D．coming across 48．A．figure B．improvement C．emergency D．discovery 49．A．at present B．on show C．in detail D．under control 50．A．disappointed B．anxious C．excited D．confident 51．A．wondered at B．learned about C．dealt with D．stuck to 52．A．arrived B．stayed C．brushed D．pushed 53．A．turn B．dig C．put D．give 54．A．Moreover B．Otherwise C．Together D．Besides 55．A．death B．leaving C．meeting D．recovery 56．A．like-minded B．short-sighted C．well-rounded D．fully-developed 57．A．ensuring B．requiring C．implying D．allowing 58．A．risky B．difficult C．boring D．unusual 59．A．advances B．challenges C．introduces D．explains 60．A．screening B．inventing C．admiring D．checking 【答案】46．B 47．D 48．D 49．B 50．C 51．C 52．A 53．B 54．C 55．A 56．D 57．C 58．D 59．A 60．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了一次徒步旅行，无意中发现了恐龙化石的故事。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，他没有预料到的是，这群人发现了一只生活在数百万年前的年轻霸王龙的遗骸。A. find发现；B. expect预料；C. notice注意；D. acquire获得。根据上文“When Sam Fisher took his two young sons, Jessin, 10, and Liam, 7, and their 9-year-old cousin Kaiden on a hike in the Badlands of North Dakota, he was probably planning a day of sightseeing and light exercise.(当Sam Fisher带着他的两个年幼的儿子，10岁的Jessin和7岁的Liam，以及他们9岁的堂兄Kaiden在北达科他州的荒地徒步旅行时，他可能正在计划一天的观光和轻度运动)”可知，这本是一次普通的旅行，但没有预料到的是，这群人发现了一只生活在数百万年前的年轻霸王龙的遗骸。故选B项。 47．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，他没有预料到的是，这群人偶然发现了一只生活在数百万年前的年轻霸王龙的遗骸。A. clearing away清除；B. looking for寻找；C. passing down传递；D. coming across发现，遇到。根据下“Their find”可知，这群人偶然发现了一只生活在数百万年前的年轻霸王龙的遗骸。故选D项。 48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的发现被丹佛自然与科学博物馆认为是一个“令人难以置信的发现”，并将在博物馆展出。A. figure人物；B. improvement提高；C. emergency紧急情况；D. discovery发现。根据下文“made a discovery”可知，这是令人难以置信的发现。故选D项。 49．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他们的发现被丹佛自然与科学博物馆认为是一个“令人难以置信的发现”，并将在博物馆展出。A. at present目前；B. on show展览；C. in detail详细地；D. under control在控制中。根据下文“at the museum”可知，化石会在博物馆展出。故选B项。 50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Fisher和孩子们很兴奋。A. disappointed失望的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. excited兴奋的；D. confident自信的。根据常识可知，发现化石之后，合理的感情是兴奋的。故选C项。 51．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们对处理化石给予了应有的尊重。A. wondered at对……惊讶；B. learned about获知；C. dealt with处理；D. stuck to坚持。根据下文“Fisher sent a photo of the find to his old high school classmate, Dr. Tyler Lyson, a paleontologist (古生物学家) in the Denver Museum of Nature & Science and asked for advice.(Fisher将这一发现的照片发给了他的高中老同学、丹佛自然科学博物馆的古生物学家泰勒·莱森博士，并寻求建议)”可知，这是处理化石的方式。故选C项。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，Lyson博士和他的家人以及一个熟练的团队来到现场挖掘化石。A. arrived到达；B. stayed待着；C. brushed刷，拂拭；D. pushed推。根据下文“on the site”可知，指到达了现场。故选A项。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，Lyson博士和他的家人以及一个熟练的团队来到现场挖掘化石。A. turn转向；B. dig挖；C. put放置；D. give给。根据下文“unearthed”可知，他们一起挖掘了幼年霸王龙的遗骸。故选B项。 54．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们一起挖掘了幼年霸王龙的遗骸。A. Moreover然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Together一起；D. Besides此外。根据下文“they unearthed the remains of the teenage Tyrannosaurus rex.”可知，他们一起挖掘了幼年霸王龙的遗。故选C项。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据骨头的大小，专家们判断这只恐龙在死亡时年龄在12到14岁之间，体重约为3500磅，大约是一头发育完全的霸王龙的一半，这意味着它还有很大的成长空间。A. death死亡；B. leaving离开；C. meeting会议；D. recovery恢复。根据上文“between 12 and 14 years old”可知，12到14岁之间是死亡的时间。故选A项。 56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据骨头的大小，专家们判断这只恐龙在死亡时年龄在12到14岁之间，体重约为3500磅，大约是一头发育完全的霸王龙的一半，这意味着它还有很大的成长空间。A. like-minded志趣相投的；B. short-sighted近视的；C. well-rounded面面俱到的；D. fully-developed发育成熟的。根据上文“between 12 and 14 years old”可知，指与幼年的霸王龙相对的是成年的霸王龙。故选D项。 57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据骨头的大小，专家们判断这只恐龙在死亡时年龄在12到14岁之间，体重约为3500磅，大约是一头发育完全的霸王龙的一半，这暗示着它还有很大的成长空间。A. ensuring确保；B. requiring要求；C. implying暗示；D. allowing允许。根据下文“there would have been still much room for growth”可知，这暗示着它还有很大的成长空间。故选C项。 58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：找到完整的雷克斯霸王龙化石是不寻常的，更不寻常的是找到年轻的霸王龙。A. risky冒险的；B. difficult困难的；C. boring令人厌烦的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据下文“even more unusual to find the young one”可知，找到完整的雷克斯霸王龙化石是不寻常的。故选D项。 59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些男孩的发现推动了科学的发展，加深了我们对自然世界的理解，”Lyson博士说。A. advances推动；B. challenges挑战；C. introduces介绍；D. explains解释。根据下文“deepens our understanding of the natural world”可知，这些男孩的发现推动了科学的发展。故选A项。 60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了展览，博物馆还将放映一部40分钟的新影片《霸王龙》，该片讲述了这个惊人的故事。A. screening播放（电视节目）；B. inventing发明；C. admiring羡慕；D. checking核对。根据下文“a new 40-minute film T.REX, which tells this astonishing story”可知，博物馆还将放映一部40分钟的新电影。故选A项。 Passage 5 The 602-year-old Forbidden City is the world’s largest palace. It 61 more than 19 million 62 in 2019. If we were to travel back to the past, this huge palace would be a 63 to us with a lot remaining to be discovered. It was when all 64 in Beijing were low except for the Forbidden City, which was surrounded by high 65 and a wide moat (护城河). After 66 the golden roof from the outside, people could only imagine what it looked like inside. 67 an area of about 720, 000 square meters in the heart of Beijing, the Forbidden City was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third 68 of the Ming Dynasty. In the past, the Forbidden City was where the highest power of the country laid. Emperors were born, lived, fought and 69 there. Various historical events happened there. It saw the ups and downs of the Ming and Qing dynasties, as well as how feudal monarchy (封建帝制) 70 came to an end in China. The lives of the royal families were 71 through many documents. They 72 a large amount of valuable material for today’s historical 73 , as well as inspiration for literature and entertainment. In 1987, the Forbidden City was 74 as the World Cultural Heritage. For the heads of state who come to visit China, it is a must-see tourist 75 . When they pay a state visit to China, our top leader may show them around there. 61．A．relieved B．received C．guided D．limited 62．A．visitors B．students C．teachers D．citizens 63．A．dream B．hope C．wonder D．mystery 64．A．museums B．rooms C．buildings D．houses 65．A．towers B．walls C．trees D．hills 66．A．looking at B．giving up C．setting down D．jumping at 67．A．Owning B．Covering C．Having D．Taking 68．A．emperor B．designer C．painter D．soldier 69．A．studied B．worked C．gathered D．died 70．A．finally B．quickly C．gradually D．suddenly 71．A．recorded B．passed C．connected D．copied 72．A．grasp B．ignore C．write D．provide 73．A．background B．research C．exam D．survey 74．A．treated B．remembered C．listed D．honored 75．A．palace B．scenery C．attraction D．place 【答案】61．B 62．A 63．D 64．C 65．B 66．A 67．B 68．A 69．D 70．A 71．A 72．D 73．B 74．C 75．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫的历史、建筑、文化价值以及其对现代的意义。 61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2019年它接待了超过1900万的游客。A. relieved解除；B. received接待；C. guided指导；D. limited限制。根据后文“more than 19 million”以及常识可知，此处指的是故宫2019年接待了超过1900万的游客。故选B项。 62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2019年它接待了超过1900万的游客。A. visitors游客；B. students学生；C. teachers老师；D. citizens市民。根据前文“The 602-year-old Forbidden City is the world’s largest palace”以及常识可知，故宫会接待大量的游客。故选A项。 63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们回到过去，这座巨大的宫殿对我们来说将是一个谜，有很多有待发现的地方。A. dream梦想；B. hope希望；C. wonder奇迹；D. mystery谜团，神秘。根据后文“with a lot remaining to be discovered”可知，这座巨大的宫殿有很多有待发现的地方，所以对我们来说是一谜。故选D项。 64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时北京所有的建筑都很矮，除了故宫，它被高高的城墙和宽阔的护城河包围着。A. museums博物馆；B. rooms房间；C. buildings建筑；D. houses房子。根据后文“were low except for the Forbidden City”和常识可推知，除了故宫外，当时北京所有的建筑都很矮。故选C项。 65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时北京所有的建筑都很低，除了故宫，它被高高的城墙和宽阔的护城河包围着。A. towers塔；B. walls墙；C. trees树；D. hills山。根据前文“was surrounded by high”和后文“a wide moat”可推荐知，故宫被高高的城墙和宽阔的护城河包围着。故选B项。 66．考查动词短语辨析。句意：从外面看到金色的屋顶后，人们只能想象它里面是什么样子。A. looking at看；B. giving up放弃；C. setting down放下；D. jumping at扑向。根据后文“the golden roof from the outside”和“people could only imagine what it looked like inside”可推知，人们只能从外面看到金色的屋顶，然后想象它里面是什么样子。故选A项。 67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：故宫位于北京中心，占地约72万平方米，是明朝第三位皇帝于1406年至1420年建造的。A. Owning拥有；B. Covering覆盖，占；C. Having有；D. Taking带走。根据后文“an area of about 720, 000 square meters”可知，故宫占地约72万平方米。故选B项。 68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：故宫位于北京中心，占地约72万平方米，是明朝第三位皇帝于1406年至1420年建造的。A. emperor皇帝；B. designer设计师；C. painter画家；D. soldier士兵。根据常识以及前文“the Forbidden City was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third...”可知，故宫是明朝第三位皇帝建造的。故选A项。 69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：皇帝们在那里出生、生活、斗争和死亡。A. studied学习；B. worked工作；C. gathered聚集；D. died死。根据前文“Emperors were born, lived, fought”可知，皇帝们在那里出生、生活、斗争和死亡。故选D项。 70．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它见证了明清两代的兴衰，以及封建帝制在中国是如何最终走向终结的。A. finally最终；B. quickly快速地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. suddenly突然地。根据前文“It saw the ups and downs of the Ming and Qing dynasties”和后文“came to an end in China”可知，封建帝制在兴衰更替中最终走向终结。故选A项。 71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：皇室成员的生活被许多文献记录下来。A. recorded记录；B. passed通过；C. connected连接；D. copied复制。根据后文“through many documents”可知，皇室成员的生活被许多文献记录下来。故选A项。 72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们为今天的历史研究提供了大量的宝贵资料，也为文学和娱乐提供了灵感。A. grasp抓住；B. ignore忽视；C. write写；D. provide提供。根据前文“many documents”和后文“a large amount of valuable material for today’s historical”可知，文献为今天的历史研究提供了大量的宝贵资料。故选D项。 73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们为今天的历史研究提供了大量的宝贵资料，也为文学和娱乐提供了灵感。A. background背景；B. research研究；C. exam考试；D. survey调查。根据前文“The lives of the royal families were 11 through many documents”可推知，对皇室成员的生活记录能为今天的历史研究提供了宝贵资料。故选B项。 74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1987年，故宫被列入世界文化遗产名录。A. treated对待；B. remembered记得；C. listed把……列入名单；D. honored尊敬。根据后文“as the World Cultural Heritage”可知，故宫被列入世界文化遗产名录。故选C项。 75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于来中国访问的国家元首来说，这是一个必看的旅游景点。A. palace宫殿；B. scenery风景；C. attraction旅游景点；D. place地方。根据前文“For the heads of state who come to visit China”和后文“When they pay a state visit to China, our top leader may show them around there”可知，对来中国访问的国家元首来说，故宫是一个必看的旅游景点。故选C项。 Passage 6 There are purple clothes, purple handbags, purple bicycles, purple furniture, even purple computers! So purple is one of the most 76 colors today. But in the past, purple was a very expensive and unusual color. Let’s take a look at the rich 77 of the color purple. Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on Earth over 500 million years ago 78 looked purple, not green. Plants today are green because 79 use green chlorophyll (叶绿素) to produce energy. 80 these early plants probably used something called retinal, which is a dark purple color. During the time of the Roman Empire (37 BC-476 AD), it was very 81 to make purple dye (染料). The dye came from sea snails (海螺). But 10,000 dead sea snails 82 you just one gram of purple dye... as well as a very bad smell! This 83 purple dye was called Tyrian purple, and it was the preferred 84 of emperors. In 16th century England, purple was 85 for the kings family members. Queen Elizabeth I’s clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to 86 the color. In 1856, William Perkin, an 18-year-old 87 student, noticed something strange while doing an experiment. The chemicals he used to clean his instruments 88 with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color. This 89 led Perkin to start a company using this chemical mixture to make purple dye. The dye was much 90 than sea snail dye. Thanks to Perkin, now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes. 76．A．peaceful B．popular C．exciting D．serious 77．A．history B．style C．research D．product 78．A．gradually B．especially C．exactly D．probably 79．A．others B．they C．we D．some 80．A．And B．So C．But D．Until 81．A．dangerous B．common C．difficult D．strange 82．A．got B．passed C．wasted D．cost 83．A．basic B．harmful C．special D．perfect 84．A．color B．smell C．plant D．animal 85．A．even B．never C．seldom D．only 86．A．wear B．sell C．change D．make 87．A．Geography B．Science C．Art D．Maths 88．A．compared B．mixed C．collected D．kept 89．A．survey B．suggestion C．discovery D．exam 90．A．healthier B．thicker C．cheaper D．darker 【答案】76．B 77．A 78．D 79．B 80．C 81．C 82．A 83．C 84．A 85．D 86．A 87．B 88．B 89．C 90．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了紫色作为一种颜色的发展历程，从远古时期植物可能的颜色，到古罗马时期紫色染料的昂贵与稀有，再到16世纪英国紫色成为王室专有色，最后提及1856年威廉·珀金的偶然发现使得紫色染料变得普及和便宜。 76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以紫色是当今最流行的颜色之一。A. peaceful和平的；B. popular流行的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. serious严重的。根据上文“There are purple clothes, purple handbags, purple bicycles, purple furniture, even purple computers!”可知，上文列举了紫色的各种物品，说明紫色是当今最流行的颜色之一。故选B项。 77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我们来看看紫色丰富的历史。A. history历史；B. style风格；C. research研究；D. product产品。根据下文“During the time of the Roman Empire (37 BC-476 AD), it was very 6 to make purple dye (染料)”、“In 16th century England, purple was 10 for the kings family members.”、“In 1856, William Perkin, an 18-year-old 12 student, noticed something strange while doing an experiment. The chemicals he used to clean his instruments 13 with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color.”可知，接下来的段落讲述了紫色在不同历史时期的情况，因此这里是说要探索紫色的历史。故选A项。 78．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一些科学家认为，5亿多年前首次出现在地球上的植物可能是紫色的，而不是绿色的。A. gradually逐渐地；B. especially特别；C. exactly精确地；D. probably可能。根据上文“Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on Earth over 500 million years ago”可知，此处是科学家的一种推测，表示可能性，并没有确切的证据表明第一棵植物是紫色的。故选D项。 79．考查代词词义辨析。句意：今天的植物是绿色的，因为它们使用绿色叶绿素来产生能量。A. others其他人或物；B. they它们；C. we我们；D. some一些。根据下文的“use green chlorophyll (叶绿素) to produce energy”可知，此处指代前文的Plants，应用they。故选B项。 80．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但这些早期的植物可能使用了一种叫做视黄醛的东西，它是一种深紫色。A. And和；B. So因此；C. But但是；D. Until直到。根据上文“Plants today are green because 4 use green chlorophyll (叶绿素) to produce energy.”和下文“these early plants probably used something called retinal, which is a dark purple color”可知，上文提到现代植物因叶绿素而呈绿色，下文提到早期植物可能因使用视黄醛而呈紫色，前后是转折关系，用but连接。故选C项。 81．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在罗马帝国时期（公元前37年-公元476年），制造紫色染料非常困难。A. dangerous危险的；B. common常见的；C. difficult困难的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“The dye came from sea snails (海螺). But 10,000 dead sea snails 7 you just one gram of purple dye... as well as a very bad smell!”可知，制作紫色需要大量海螺，且过程伴随恶臭可知，制造紫色染料很困难。故选C项。 82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但10,000只死海螺只能得到1克紫色染料，还会产生非常难闻的气味！A. got获得；B. passed通过；C. wasted浪费；D. cost花费。根据上文“But 10,000 dead sea snails”和下文“you just one gram of purple dye”可知，这里指制作成本，即需要10,000只海螺才能得到1克染料。故选A项。 83．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种特殊的紫色染料被称为泰紫，是皇帝偏爱的颜色。A. basic基本的；B. harmful有害的；C. special特殊的；D. perfect完美的。根据上文“But 10,000 dead sea snails 7 you just one gram of purple dye”可知，泰紫因其来源和昂贵，是特殊的紫色染料。故选C项。 84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种特殊的紫色染料被称为泰紫，是皇帝偏爱的颜色。A. color颜色；B. smell气味；C. plant植物；D. animal动物。根据上文“it was the preferred”可知，泰紫是一种颜色，是皇帝喜欢的颜色选择。故选A项。 85．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在16世纪的英格兰，紫色仅供王室成员使用。A. even甚至；B. never从不；C. seldom很少；D. only仅仅，只。根据下文“Queen Elizabeth I’s clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to 11 the color”可知，16世纪的英国，紫色只为国王的家庭成员使用。故选D项。 86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：伊丽莎白一世女王的衣服是紫色的，但普通人不允许穿紫色衣服。A. wear穿；B. sell卖；C. change改变；D. make制作。根据上文“Queen Elizabeth I’s clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to”可知，普通人不允许穿紫色衣服。故选A项。 87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1856年，18岁的科学系学生威廉·珀金在做实验时注意到一件奇怪的事情。A. Geography地理；B. Science科学；C. Art艺术；D. Maths数学。根据下文“noticed something strange while doing an experiment”可知，他是科学系的学生。故选B项。 88．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用来清洗仪器的化学物质与他在实验中使用的化学物质混合在一起，产生了鲜亮的紫色。A. compared比较；B. mixed混合；C. collected收集；D. kept保持。根据上文“he chemicals he used to clean his instruments”和下文“with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color”可知，这里描述的是化学反应，即两种化学物质混合，产生了紫色。故选B项。 89．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一发现促使珀金成立了一家公司，使用这种化学混合物制造紫色染料。A. survey调查；B. suggestion建议；C. discovery发现；D. exam考试。根据上文的“produced a bright purple color”可知，这里的this指代上文的意外得到紫色染料的事情，是一个发现。故选C项。 90．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种染料比海螺染料便宜得多。A. healthier更健康的；B. thicker更厚的；C. cheaper更便宜的；D. darker更暗的。根据下文“Thanks to Perkin, now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes.”可知，这种新方法生产的紫色染料更便宜，现在任何人都能买得起紫色的衣服了。故选C项。 Passage 7 History’s first empire rose out of a hot, dry landscape, without rainfall for crops, without trees or stones for building. In spite of all this, its people built the world’s first cities, with monumental architecture and large populations — and they built them 91 out of mud. Sumer 92 the southern part of modern Iraq in the region called Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia means “between two rivers” — the Tigris and the Euphrates. Around 5000 BCE, early Sumerians used channels and dams to 93 river water and farm large areas of previously 94 land. Agricultural communities like this were slowly 95 in Mesopotamia. But Sumerians were the first to take the 96 step. Using 97 made from river mud, they began to build multi-storied homes and temples. Those clay bricks gave rise to the world’s first 98 , like Uruk, Ur, and Eridu, probably around 4500 BCE. The Sumerians created the first 99 system, designed to teach the ability of writing. In the schools, people studied from dawn to dusk, from 100 well into adulthood. They 101 accounting, mathematics, and copied works of literature. But by the third millennium (千年) BCE, Sumer was no longer the 102 empire around, or even in Mesopotamia. Waves of nomadic (游牧) tribes poured into the 103 from the north and east. In 2300 BCE, the Sumerian Empire was conquered and 104 . Afterward, Sumer disappeared back into the desert dirt, not to be 105 until the 19th century. 91．A．permanently B．quickly C．patiently D．entirely 92．A．occupied B．destroyed C．lost D．attacked 93．A．separate B．interrupt C．redirect D．freeze 94．A．dry B．royal C．awesome D．rich 95．A．wearing down B．springing up C．rising up D．breaking down 96．A．next B．last C．slow D．same 97．A．equipment B．basins C．walls D．bricks 98．A．emperors B．universities C．cities D．palaces 99．A．law B．school C．construction D．labour 100．A．society B．childhood C．community D．parenthood 101．A．invented B．dismissed C．learned D．preserved 102．A．only B．safe C．weak D．reliable 103．A．region B．center C．river D．farm 104．A．strengthened B．saved C．surrounded D．overturned 105．A．rebuilt B．relocated C．rediscovered D．reunited 【答案】91．D 92．A 93．C 94．A 95．B 96．A 97．D 98．C 99．B 100．B 101．C 102．A 103．A 104．D 105．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了历史上第一个帝国——苏美尔文明的兴起和衰落。文章讲述了苏美尔人如何在干旱的环境中，通过智慧和技术建立了世界上第一批城市，并创造了书写系统。然而，随着游牧部落的入侵，苏美尔帝国最终崩溃并被遗忘，直到19世纪才被重新发现。 91．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，它的人民还是建造了世界上第一批城市，拥有宏伟的建筑和庞大的人口——而且他们完全是用泥土建造的。A. permanently永久地；B. quickly快速地；C. patiently耐心地；D. entirely完全地。根据上文“without trees or stones for building”可知，没有树木和石头来建造房屋，所以他们的建筑完全是用泥土建造的。故选D项。 92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏美尔占据了现在伊拉克南部的美索不达米亚地区。A. occupied占据；B. destroyed摧毁；C. lost丢失；D. attacked攻击。根据下文“the southern part of modern Iraq in the region called Mesopotamia”可知，苏美尔文明占据了美索不达米亚地区，这是它的发源地。故选A项。 93．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约在公元前5000年，早期的苏美尔人使用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，并在以前干旱的土地上种植大片土地。A. separate分开；B. interrupt打断；C. redirect重新定向，使改方向；D. freeze冻结。根据上文“used channels and dams”和下文“farm large areas of previously ___4___ land”可推知，苏美尔人用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，达到灌溉和种植的目的。故选C项。 94．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大约在公元前5000年，早期的苏美尔人使用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，并在以前干旱的土地上种植大片土地。A. dry干旱的；B. royal王室的；C. awesome令人敬畏的；D. rich富有的，丰富的。根据第一段中“History’s first empire rose out of a hot, dry landscape, without rainfall for crops”可知，这原本是一片缺水干旱的土地，苏美尔人通过改变河水的方向对其进行了改造。故选A项。 95．考查动词短语辨析。句意：像这样的农业社区在美索不达米亚慢慢出现。A. wearing down磨损；B. springing up突然生长或出现；C. rising up上升；D. breaking down崩溃，出故障。根据上文可知，苏美尔人用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，进而改造美索不达米亚平原，让其适合种植，所以很多的农业社区在美索不达米亚慢慢出现。故选B项。 96．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但苏美尔人率先迈出了下一步。A. next下一个；B. last最后的；C. slow慢的；D. same相同的。根据下文“Using ___7___ made from river mud, they began to build multi-storied homes and temples.”可知，苏美尔人开始修建多层住宅和寺庙，他们迈出了建造城市的下一步。故选A项。 97．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们开始用河泥做砖，建造多层房屋和寺庙。A. equipment设备；B. basins盆地；C. walls墙壁；D. bricks砖块。根据下文“from river mud”和“Those clay bricks”可知，他们把河泥做成砖块。故选D项。 98．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些粘土砖造就了世界上最早的城市，如乌鲁克、乌尔和埃利都，大约在公元前4500年左右。A. emperors皇帝；B. universities大学；C. cities城市；D. palaces宫殿。根据下文“Uruk, Ur, and Eridu”可知，苏美尔人用粘土砖建造了很多城市。故选C项。 99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏美尔人创造了第一个学校系统，旨在教授书写能力。A. law法律；B. school学校；C. construction建设；D. labour劳动。根据下文“designed to teach the ability of writing”可知，他们创造了学校系统，用于教授书写。故选B项。 100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校里，人们从早到晚学习，从童年一直学习到成年。A. society社会；B. childhood童年；C. community社区；D. parenthood为人父母。结合下文“into adulthood”和常识可推知，教育是从童年到成年。故选B项。 101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们学习会计、数学，并抄写文学作品。A. invented发明；B. dismissed解雇；C. learned学习；D. preserved保存。下文“accounting, mathematics, and copied works of literature”是学习的内容。故选C项。 102．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但到了公元前三千年，苏美尔不再是周边地区，甚至是美索不达米亚地区唯一的帝国。A. only仅有的；B. safe安全的；C. weak虚弱的；D. reliable可靠的。根据“Waves of nomadic (游牧) tribes poured into the ____13____ from the north and east. In 2300 BCE, the Sumerian Empire was conquered”可知，苏美尔周边出现了挑战者，它不再是唯一帝国。故选A项。 103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一波又一波的游牧部落从北部和东部涌入该地区。A. region地区；B. center中心；C. river河流；D. farm农场。根据下文“from the north and east”可知，游牧部落从不同方向涌入美索不达米亚地区。故选A项。 104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：公元前2300年，苏美尔帝国被征服并推翻。A. strengthened加强；B. saved拯救；C. surrounded包围；D. overturned推翻。根据上文“the Sumerian Empire was conquered”和下文“Sumer disappeared back into the desert dirt”可知，苏美尔帝国被征服和推翻了。故选D项。 105．考查动词词义辨析。句意：之后，苏美尔消失在沙漠的泥土中，直到19世纪才被重新发现。A. rebuilt重建；B. relocated重新安置；C. rediscovered重新发现；D. reunited重新团聚。根据下文“until the 19th century”可知，苏美尔文明只到19世纪才被重新发现。故选C项。 Passage 8 A young lady was sitting in her garden under a tree drinking tea. 106 , something white fell and 107 in her drink. It was a cocoon (茧). As the cocoon rumbled (发出隆隆声) in the hot 108 , she realized that it was made from a long, strong and soft 109 . She started thinking about how to 110 the new material. Does this story sound a bit 111 ? It does remind me of Isaac Newton, having the 112 of the law of gravity while sitting under an apple tree after he was 113 on the head with a piece of falling fruit. The story of the young woman and her tea is a popular Chinese legend (传说) about 114 . When silk was first invented, silk clothing was 115 by the rich people, and it was a status symbol. But over time its use spread and a wider range of social classes 116 wearing silk clothes. As the production of silk increased, it began to be put into industrial 117 and became a part of musical instruments, fishing lines, even wrap paper and trade business. Silk was 118 traded and spread all the way from China to India and through Central Asia to the Middle East. It was the longest trade route across land, and it allowed early 119 between Europe and China. Italy became one of the 120 producers of silk and it’s where some of the world’s finest silk cloth is made even today. 106．A．Suddenly B．Fortunately C．Obviously D．Gradually 107．A．disappeared B．hid C．landed D．defended 108．A．air B．tea C．tree D．garden 109．A．creature B．chemical C．plant D．material 110．A．catch hold of B．make use of C．run out of D．drop out of 111．A．familiar B．fascinating C．exciting D．terrible 112．A．report B．record C．picture D．idea 113．A．knocked B．attacked C．touched D．fixed 114．A．industry B．trade C．silk D．clothing 115．A．chosen B．designed C．admired D．charged 116．A．enjoyed B．began C．considered D．admitted 117．A．use B．management C．operation D．standard 118．A．conveniently B．legally C．secretly D．widely 119．A．debate B．contact C．competition D．pressure 120．A．elective B．fancy C．major D．smooth 【答案】106．A 107．C 108．B 109．D 110．B 111．A 112．D 113．A 114．C 115．C 116．B 117．A 118．D 119．B 120．C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于丝绸的中国传说、丝绸的发展及丝绸之路的作用。 106．考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，一个白色的东西掉了下来，落在了她的饮品里。A. Suddenly突然；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Obviously明显地；D. Gradually逐渐地。A根据上文“A young lady was sitting in her garden under a tree drinking tea.”可知，女士正在喝茶，没有预料到会掉下东西来。由此可知，白色的东西是突然掉下来的。故选A项。 107．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 突然，一个白色的东西掉了下来，落在了她的饮品里。A. disappeared消失；B. hid隐藏；C. landed降落；D. defended防御。根据下文“As the cocoon rumbled (发出隆隆声) in the hot___”可知，茧在热茶里发出隆隆声，由此可知，茧应该是由树上落下来，从空中落在了她的饮品里。故选C项。 108．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当茧在热茶中隆隆作响时，她意识到它是由一种长而结实柔软的材料制成的。A. air空气；B. tea茶；C. tree树；D. garden花园。根据上文“A young lady was sitting in her garden under a tree drinking tea.”可知，女士正在喝茶，茧落在了她的饮品里，她的饮品就是茶，选项中只有tea可以呼应名词drink，空前的形容词hot指在煮的茶水很烫，tea符合语境。故选B项。 109．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当茧在热茶中隆隆作响时，她意识到它是由一种长而结实柔软的材料制成的。A. creature生物；B. chemical化学制品；C. plant植物；D. material材料。根据下文“She started thinking about how to ___ the new material.”中的“material”原词复现，与此处指同一中东西，她开始思考如何利用这种新材料，由此可知，茧是由一种长而结实柔软的材料制成的。故选D项。 110．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她开始思考如何利用这种新材料。A. catch hold of抓住；   B. make use of利用；C. run out of用完；D. drop out of退出。根据下文“The story of the young woman and her tea is a popular Chinese legend (传说) about___.”可知，这个故事是关于丝绸是如何被发明的，利用茧去做成丝绸，由此可知，她开始思考如何利用这种新材料。故选B项。 111．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个故事听起来有点熟悉吗? A. familiar熟悉的；B. fascinating迷人的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. terrible可怕的。根据下文“Isaac Newton”可知，牛顿是因为掉落的苹果激发了灵感，故事中的女人因为掉落的茧激发了灵感，这两个故事都是由意外事件做出重大发现或发明，有类似之处，且牛顿的故事早已为人熟知，由此可知，这个故事听起来有点熟悉。故选A项。 112．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这确实让我想起了艾萨克·牛顿，他坐在苹果树下时，被一个掉落的水果击中了头部，产生了万有引力定律的想法。A. report报道；B. record记录；C. picture图片；D. idea想法。根据句中“the law of gravity”可知，牛顿被掉落的苹果击中了头部，然后产生了万有引力定律的想法。故选D项。 113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这确实让我想起了艾萨克·牛顿，他坐在苹果树下时，被一个掉落的水果击中了头部，产生了万有引力定律的想法。A. knocked敲，击；B. attacked攻击；C. touched触摸；D. fixed安装。根据句中“Isaac Newton”可知，句中讲述的是牛顿发现万有引力定律的故事，由此可知，故事中苹果掉落，击中了牛顿的头部，其他三个选项都是人为主动发出的动作。故选A项。 114．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 这个年轻女人和她的茶的故事是一个关于丝绸的流行的中国传说。A. industry工业；行业；B. trade贸易；C. silk丝绸；D. clothing服装。根据下文“When silk was first invented”中的“silk”可知，文中介绍了的是关于丝绸来历的故事，由此可知，句中指一个关于丝绸的中国传说。故选C项。 115．考查动词词义辨析。句意：丝绸刚发明时，丝绸服装受到富人的欣赏，是地位的象征。A. chosen选择；B. designed设计；C. admired欣赏；D. charged充电。根据句中“it was a status symbol”可知，丝绸是地位的象征，由此可知，丝绸服装受到富人的欣赏。故选C项。 116．考查动词词义辨析。句意: 但随着时间的推移，它的使用范围越来越广，越来越多的社会阶层开始穿丝绸衣服。A. enjoyed享受；B. began开始；C. considered考虑；D. admitted承认。根据句中“But over time its use spread”可知，丝绸的使用范围越来越广，越来越多的社会阶层开始穿丝绸衣服，不再是只有富人们才买的起。故选B项。 117．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着丝绸产量的增加，丝绸开始被投入工业使用，并成为乐器、钓鱼线、甚至包装纸和贸易业务的一部分。A. use使用；B. management管理；C. operation活动，手术；D. standard标准。根据句中“a part of musical instruments, fishing lines”可知，丝绸被用来制作乐器和钓鱼线等商品，丝绸开始被投入工业使用。故选A项。 118．考查副词词义辨析。句意：丝绸贸易广泛，从中国一直传播到印度，并通过中亚传播到中东。A. conveniently方便地；B. legally合法地；C. secretly秘密地；D. widely广泛地。根据句中“from China to India and through Central Asia to the Middle East”可知，丝绸从中国一直传播到印度，并通过中亚传播到中东，由此可知，丝绸贸易广泛。故选D项。 119．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是穿越陆地最长的贸易路线，也使欧洲和中国能够尽早联系。A. debate辩论；B. contact联系；C. competition竞争；D. pressure压力。根据句中“It was the longest trade route across land”及空后定语“between Europe and China”可知，丝绸之路是穿越陆地最长的贸易路线，由此可知，它使得欧洲和中国取得了早期联系。故选B项。 120．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：意大利成为丝绸的主要生产国之一，即使在今天，世界上最好的丝绸布也是在这里生产的。A. elective选举的；可选择的；B. fancy时髦的，奢华的；华丽的，花哨的；C. major主要的；重大的；D. smooth光滑的；顺利的。根据下文“it’s where some of the world’s finest silk cloth is made even today.”可知，现在最好的丝绸还在这里生产，可知，意大利应该是主要的丝绸生产国。故选C项。 Ⅱ语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 Chinese researchers unearthed a giant panda fossil during a recent expedition in the Shuanghe Cave in Suiyang County, southwest China’s Guizhou Province. This is the 47th giant panda fossil that they 1 (discover) in the cave so far, according to the researchers. Wang Deyuan, 2 assistant researcher at the Guizhou Academy of Sciences and head of the expedition, said that the Shuanghe Cave has well-developed cave systems and that its favorable environment provides the possibility 3 (preserve) the fossils. The first discovery of giant panda fossils 4 (document) in the 1940s. It was at that time 5 scientists found the fossilized teeth of giant pandas believed to be about 7 million years old. Giant panda fossils provide 6 (rely) resources for the research on the evolution of the species’ size. Besides, the ancient DNA 7 (find) in these fossils can provide insight 8 the eating habits and genetic evolution of giant pandas, as well as changes in the Shuanghe Cave’s paleo-climate and paleo-environment. The Shuanghe Cave has seen 23 international joint scientific expeditions since the late 1980s. A total of 47 giant panda fossils have been found in the cave, with the oldest 9 (date) back at least 100,000 years and the youngest being a few hundred years old. The Shuanghe Cave has a total 10 (long) of 437.1 kilometers, making it the longest cave in Asia and the third longest in the world. 【答案】1．have discovered 2．an 3．to preserve 4．was documented 5．that 6．reliable 7．found 8．into 9．dating 10．Length 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。这篇文章主要介绍了中国研究人员在贵州省绥阳县双河洞进行的一次考察中，发现了一具大熊猫化石。 1．考查时态语态。句意：据研究人员介绍，这是迄今为止他们在洞穴中发现的第47块大熊猫化石。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语so far，可知应用现在完成时，主语they，助动词用have，故填have discovered。 2．考查冠词。句意：贵州科学院助理研究员、探险队队长王德远表示，双河洞拥有发达的洞穴系统，其有利的环境为保存化石提供了可能。设空处修饰名词assistant researcher，表泛指，应用冠词，assistant发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 3．考查不定式。句意：同上。“the possibility to do sth.”表示“做某事的可能性”，不定式修饰名词possibility作后置定语，故填to preserve。 4．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：同上。大熊猫化石的首次发现是在20世纪40年代。设空处为谓语，主语The first discovery 和谓语动词之间是被动关系，并且根据时间状语in the 1940s可知应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语单数，be动词用was，故填was documented。 5．考查强调句。句意：就在那个时候，科学家们发现了大熊猫的牙齿化石，据信它们大约有700万年的历史。本句是一个强调句，结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+ that /who+其他部分”，这里强调的是时间状语“at that time”，故填that。 6．考查形容词。句意：大熊猫化石为研究该物种的体型演化提供了可靠的资源。设空处修饰名词resources作定语，应用形容词，表示“可靠的”，故填reliable。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，在这些化石中发现的古代DNA可以深入了解大熊猫的饮食习惯和遗传进化，以及双河洞古气候和古环境的变化。本句已有谓语动词can provide，设空处修饰名词the ancient DNA作定语，和名词之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填found。 8．考查固定短语。句意：同上。“provide insight into”是固定搭配，意为“提供对……的深入了解”。故填into。 9．考查with的复合结构。句意：在洞穴中共发现了47块大熊猫化石，最古老的可以追溯到至少10万年前，最年轻的只有几百岁。这里是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构，“the oldest”（最古老的化石）和date back之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故填dating。 10．考查名词。句意：双河洞全长437.1公里，是亚洲最长的洞穴，也是世界第三长的洞穴。前面有a修饰，应用名词length，构成短语a total length of，意为“……的总长度”，故填length。 Passage 2 （2025年高二上·山东菏泽·期末） About 120 years ago, gold was discovered in the Yukon, in northern Canada. As a young man, Jack London joined the gold rush 11 journeyed from California to Alaska and the Yukon. Though, like most miners, he did not get rich 12 (look) for gold, he saw first-hand how dogs were a necessary part of travel in the far north. Some friends he met there had a large dog, particularly tough and healthy. This served as 13 (inspire) for the main dog character in London’s novel, The Call of the Wild. When he returned 14 California, London was unable to find a job. With Alaska fresh in 15 (he) mind, he tried to sell the story of his journey up north to several publishers and magazines, but no one seemed 16 (interest). Later, London wrote a short story about a dog in the far north who survived many adventures. This new story became extremely popular. It 17 (publish) in book format and has never been out of print since. The hero of London’s novel was Buck, a large family dog 18 (own) by a wealthy judge. Buck’s life was wonderful and happy, until he was stolen and sold to the men 19 took him to Canada, where he became a sled dog used for travel in the harsh Yukon winter. Today, the book is considered one of the most important 20 (novel) of American literature, and students in high school and college are often required to read it. 【答案】11．and 12．looking 13．inspiration 14．to 15．his 16．interested 17．was published 18．owned 19．who/that 20．novels 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述杰克・伦敦参与加拿大育空淘金，未发财却获灵感写《野性的呼唤》，该书如今是美国文学重要小说 。 11．考查连词。句意：年轻时，杰克・伦敦加入了淘金热，从加利福尼亚前往阿拉斯加和育空地区。分析句子可知，joined the gold rush与journeyed from California to Alaska and the Yukon是并列谓语，需用并列连词and连接。故填and。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，和大多数淘金者一样，他淘金并没有发财，但他亲眼目睹了狗是北方偏远地区旅行必不可少的一部分。此处考查非谓语动词，he与look是主动关系，再由句意可知，此空应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填looking。 13．考查名词。句意：这为伦敦小说《野性的呼唤》中的主要狗角色提供了灵感。as为介词，后接名词作宾语，inspiration，表“灵感”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填inspiration。 14．考查介词。句意：当他回到加利福尼亚时，伦敦找不到工作。这里考查“return to + 地点”表示“回到某地”，是固定搭配。故填to。 15．考查代词。句意：阿拉斯加的经历在他脑海中记忆犹新，他试图把自己北上的经历卖给几家出版商和杂志，但似乎没有人感兴趣。此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词mind。故填his。 16．考查形容词。句意：阿拉斯加的经历在他脑海中记忆犹新，他试图把自己北上的经历卖给几家出版商和杂志，但似乎没有人感兴趣。这里考查“seem + 形容词”表示“看起来……”，interested表示“感兴趣的”，常用来修饰人。故填interested。 17．考查时态和语态。句意：它以书籍形式出版，从那以后一直没有绝版。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，It指代上文提到的故事，与publish之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语It是单数，故填was published。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：伦敦小说的主人公是巴克，一只由一位富有的法官拥有的大型家养犬。分析句子可知，此处考查非谓语动词，Buck与own之间是被动关系，再由句意可知，此空应用过去分词作后置定语。故填owned。 19．考查定语从句。句意：巴克的生活美好而幸福，直到它被偷走并卖给了那些把它带到加拿大的人，在那里它成为了一只在育空地区严酷冬季用于旅行的雪橇犬。“___ took him to Canada”是定语从句，先行词是the men，指人，在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 20．考查名词复数。句意：如今，这本书被认为是美国文学最重要的小说之一，高中和大学的学生经常被要求阅读它。这里考查“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”表示“最…… 之一”，所以此处应用名词复数形式novels。故填novels。 Passage 3 （2025年高二上·山西运城·期末） Porcelain (瓷器) , 21 ( feature ) its delicate texture, pleasing color, and refined sculpture, has been one of the 22 ( good ) artworks introduced to the western world through the Silk Road. The earliest one was found made of Kaolin in the Shang Dynasty (17th-11th Century BC) , and possessed the common aspects of the smoothness and unaffected quality of hard enamel (搪瓷), though pottery wares were more 23 ( wide ) used among most of the ordinary people. Anyway it was the beginning. In the following dynasties, due to its durability and shine, porcelain rapidly became 24 necessity of daily life, especially in the middle and upper classes. They were made in the form of all kinds of 25 ( item) , such as bowls, cups, vases and so on. Blue and white china (qinghua )is the most widespread and famous Chinese porcelain, 26 originated in the Tang and Song eras (618 AD-1279 AD), but its technology didn’t mature 27 the Yuan era (1271 AD-1368 AD). Through the 28 ( develop ) of over 4,000 years, now it is still a brilliant kind of art that attracts thousands of people. The Porcelain Capital, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, which 29 ( praise ) for thousands of years, will be certain 30 ( satisfy ) your appetite for beauty. 【答案】21．featuring 22．best 23．widely 24．a 25．items 26．which 27．until 28．development 29．has been praised 30．to satisfy 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的瓷器，包括其发展、特点和应用。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：瓷器以其细腻的质地、赏心悦目的色彩和精致的雕刻而成为通过丝绸之路传入西方世界的最好的艺术品之一。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰“Porcelain”，“Porcelain”与“feature”（以…… 为特色）之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词“featuring”作定语，修饰“Porcelain”。故填featuring。 22．考查形容词最高级。句意：瓷器以其细腻的质地、赏心悦目的色彩和精致的雕刻而成为通过丝绸之路传入西方世界的最好的艺术品之一。“one of the +形容词最高级 +名词复数”是固定结构，意为“最…… 之一”，“good”的最高级是“best”。故填best。 23．考查副词。句意：最早的陶器是在商代（公元前17 -11世纪）用高岭土制成的，虽然陶器在大多数普通人中使用得更广泛，但它具有坚硬珐琅的光滑和不受影响的品质。由副词修饰动词可知，这里需要一个副词来修饰动词“used”，“wide”的副词形式是“widely”，意为“广泛地”。故填widely。 24．考查冠词。句意：在随后的朝代，由于其耐用性和光泽，瓷器迅速成为日常生活的必需品，特别是在中上层阶级。根据句意可知，这里表示泛指“一种日常生活的必需品”，“necessity” 在这里是可数名词，且“necessity”是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 25．考查名词复数形式。句意：它们以各种物品的形式制成，如碗、杯子、花瓶等。“all kinds of” 表示“各种各样的”，后面接可数名词复数，“item”的复数形式是“items”。故填items。 26．考查定语从句。句意：青花瓷器是最广泛和最著名的中国瓷器，起源于唐宋时期（公元618年至1279年），但其技术直到元时代（公元1271年至1368年）才成熟。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Blue and white china (qinghua )”，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。 27．考查固定句型。句意：青花瓷器是最广泛和最著名的中国瓷器，起源于唐宋时期（公元618年至1279年），但其技术直到元时代（公元1271年至1368年）才成熟。分析句子可知，“not...until...”是固定句型，意为“直到…… 才……”，这里表示“直到元朝它的技术才成熟”。故填until。 28．考查名词。句意：经过4000多年的发展，现在它仍然是一门吸引着成千上万人的灿烂艺术。冠词“the”后面需要接名词，“develop”的名词形式是“development”，意为“发展”。故填development。 29．考查动词时态和语态。句意：江西景德镇，千年来的瓷器之都，一定能满足你对美的需求。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意可知，“Jingdezhen”与“praise”（称赞）之间是被动关系，且“for thousands of years”表示一段时间，常与现在完成时连用，现在完成时的被动语态结构是“have/has been +过去分词”，主语“Jingdezhen 是单数，所以用“has been praised”。故填has been praised。 30．考查固定短语。句意：江西景德镇，千年来的瓷器之都，一定能满足你对美的需求。“be certain to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“一定会做某事”，所以用“to satisfy”。故填to satisfy。 Passage 4 Architecture is not only a technological science, but also an art form. In ancient Chinese architecture, the combination of art and 31 (wise) is a treasure left to us by our ancestors. Next, some typical 32 (representation) of Chinese architecture will be selected and introduced to you here. The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a magnificent landmark located in Beijing. This extraordinary complex, 33 (complete) in 1420 after starting construction in 1406, served as the royal palace for 24 emperors. The Palace complex is known for its traditional Chinese architecture design, 34 (feature) complicatedly carved wooden structures, colorful rooftops, and dedicate details. Within the Forbidden City, there are several main palaces and halls that are the focal points of the complex. The Forbidden City 35 (house) a vast collection of art and cultural artifacts that provide lights into the rich history of China. The Great Wall consists of one or more walls, fortresses (堡垒), and beacon towers (烽火台) along the Great Wall with natural barriers, some of 36 are still standing today. This giant defense system is 37 unique mixture of military architecture and civilian engineering. It’s a reminder of our country’s rich history and the 38 (count) efforts made to protect our land. As you walk along the wall, you’ll notice that each fortress has its own design and purpose, from monitoring enemy movements 39 providing refuge for travelers. As we can see, ancient Chinese architecture 40 (create) rich and colorful artistic images over the past centuries. Take action and feel the charm of our ancient Chinese architecture on your own. 【答案】31．wisdom 32．representations 33．completed 34．featuring 35．houses 36．which 37．a 38．countless 39．to 40．has created/has been creating 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国古代建筑中的艺术和智慧的结合，并列举了紫禁城和长城的例子。 31．考查名词。句意：在中国古代建筑中，艺术与智慧的结合是我们祖先留给我们的财富。根据 “the combination of art and 　　1　　 (wise)” 可知，这里需要一个名词与“art”并列，“wise” 的名词形式是“wisdom”，意为“智慧”，不可数。故填wisdom。 32．考查名词复数形式。句意：接下来，我将挑选一些中国建筑的典型代表，在这里介绍给大家。 “some”后接可数名词复数，“representation”的复数形式是“representations”，意为 “代表；典型”。故填representations。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：这座非凡的建筑群于1406年开始建造，于1420年完工，曾是24位皇帝的皇宫。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰“complex”，“complex” 与“complete”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词“completed”。故填completed。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫建筑群以其传统的中国建筑设计而闻名，以复杂的木雕结构、彩色屋顶和奉献的细节为特色。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语， 逻辑主语“The Palace complex”与“feature”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词“featuring”，意为 “以…… 为特色”。故填featuring。 35．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：紫禁城收藏了大量的艺术和文化文物，为了解中国丰富的历史提供了线索。此处为谓语动词的填入，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 “The Forbidden City”是第三人称单数，所以“house”（收藏；贮存）用第三人称单数形式 “houses”。故填houses。 36．考查定语从句。句意：长城由一座或多座城墙、堡垒和烽火台组成，沿长城建有天然屏障，其中一些至今仍屹立不倒。分析句子可知，“some of　　6　　are still standing today”是非限制性定语从句，先行词是“walls, fortresses (堡垒), and beacon towers (烽火台)”，指物，在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，所以用关系代词“which”。故填which。 37．考查冠词。句意：这个巨大的防御系统是军事建筑和民用工程的独特结合。根据句意以及空后 mixture为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一种独特的混合”，“unique”发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 38．考查形容词。句意：它提醒着我们国家丰富的历史和为保护我们的土地所做的无数努力。分析句子可知，这里需要一个形容词来修饰名词 “efforts”，“count” 的形容词形式 “countless” 表示“无数的；数不清的”。故填countless。 39．考查固定短语。句意：当你沿着城墙行走时，你会注意到每个堡垒都有自己的设计和用途，从监视敌人的行动到为旅行者提供避难所。“from...to...” 是固定短语，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 40．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：正如我们所看到的，在过去的几个世纪里，中国古代建筑创造了丰富多彩的艺术形象。根据“over the past centuries”可知，这是一个表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，常与现在完成时连用，此处也可为现在完成进行时，表示从过去持续到现在，并且还有可能继续下去。句子主语 “ancient Chinese architecture”是不可数名词，所以助动词用“has”。故填has created/ has been creating。 Passage 5 In East China’s Anhui province, a 2-meter-wide alley separates a pair of gray walls. At first glance it may seem insignificant. 41 , to those who know its history, Liuchi Alley in Tongcheng symbolizes much more than its initial appearance would suggest. In the Qing Dynasty, there were two families both with 42 (influence)members within the court of Emperor Kangxi. To the south was the Zhang family and to the north was the Wu family. But the two families had a fierce quarrel 43 (result)from the disagreement over the boundary between their houses. Unable to resolve it locally, the Zhangs asked their family member Zhang Ying, a trusted top official in the emperor’s court, 44 help. Zhang called for them to step back 1 meter from the boundary instead of 45 (back)them, which moved the two families so much that both did exactly that. A 2-meter-wide alley between the houses serving as the boundary 46 (bear)with the name Liuchi Alley, which originated from the Mandarin word for six and chi — a traditional Chinese unit of 47 (long)that corresponds to one-third of a meter. Nowadays, Liuchi Alley, one of the most famous 48 (attraction)in Tongcheng, stands as a model of harmonious and respectful neighbor relations in China, 49 illustrates the ancient wisdom of conflict resolution, inspiring people 50 (address)problems properly and foster a harmonious social environment. 【答案】41．However 42．influential 43．resulting 44．for 45．backing 46．was born 47．length 48．attractions 49．which 50．to address 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了安徽桐城六尺巷礼让家风的故事，展示了中国古代解决矛盾的智慧和礼让的传统美德，传达了和谐与尊重的价值观。 41．考查副词。句意：然而，对于了解它历史的人来说，桐城的六尺巷所象征的意义远远超出了其外表所呈现的。此空前后句意存在转折关系，前句提到这条小巷乍看之下似乎微不足道，后句则强调对于那些了解其历史的人来说，六尺巷的象征意义远超过其外表。因此，此空应填转折副词however，表示“然而”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填However。 42．考查形容词。句意：在清朝，有两户人家在康熙皇帝的朝廷中都有颇有势力的人物。此空修饰名词members，应使用形容词作定语，influence的形容词形式为influential，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：但这两家因为房屋边界问题产生了分歧，从而大吵了一架。此空为非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词quarrel，且quarrel与result from之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填resulting。 44．考查介词。句意：由于无法在当地解决纠纷，张家便向他们在皇宫中深受信任的高官张英求助。ask sb. for help为固定短语，意为“向某人求助”。故填for。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：张英非但没有偏袒他们，反而建议两家人都从边界后退一米，这一举动深深感动了两家人，于是他们都照做了。此空位于介词of之后，应使用动名词形式作宾语，back的动名词形式为backing。故填backing。 46．考查动词时态语态。句意：两栋房子之间形成了一条两米宽的小巷作为界限，这条小巷被命名为“六尺巷”，其名称来源于汉语中的“六”和“尺”——“尺”是中国传统的长度单位，相当于三分之一米。此句描述的是过去发生的事情，且主语alley与动词bear之间是被动关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was born。 47．考查名词。句意同上。此空位于介词of之后，应使用名词形式作宾语，long的名词形式为length，意为“长度”。故填length。 48．考查名词。句意：如今，六尺巷作为桐城最著名的景点之一，成为了中国和谐友善邻里关系的典范，它彰显了古代解决冲突的智慧，激励着人们妥善处理问题，营造和谐的社会环境。one of后接可数名词复数形式，表示“……之一”，attraction的复数形式为attractions。故填attractions。 49．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Liuchi Alley，指物，在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。 50．考查非谓语动词。句意同8小题。inspire sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“激励某人做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to address。 Passage 6 （2025年高二上·山东东营·期末） Seven ancient stone columns from Yuanmingyuan that were lost overseas for over a century have been officially returned to their homeland recently, 51 marks a significant return of important cultural relics. During the Second Opium War, invaders from Britain and France committed all sorts of 52 (crime) in China, including the burning of Yuanmingyuan. Johan, a Norwegian who was living in China at that time, developed 53 interest in Chinese artifacts and collected various artworks, of which the seven stone columns 54 (house) in the West Norway Museum after donation. With the guidance of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, joint efforts were made to bring about the donation of these stone columns from Norway to China. The columns, 55 (mirror) the quality, decoration, and material of the relics found in the Western-style building within Yuanmingyuan, are well-preserved and display only minimal signs of 56 (weather). An exhibition, which 57 (feature) around 50 items, will be open to the public from Saturday. University students specializing in cultural relics who visited the exhibition expressed their 58 (proud) and excitement to the Global Times. They view the return of these artifacts 59 a symbol of Chinese-Western cultural exchanges. “Yuanmingyuan is not just a historical park, but also a site for patriotic (爱国的) education, constantly 60 (remind) us of the painful lesson that falling behind can lead to suffering. We should remember history and the suffering of the Chinese nation,” a student commented. 【答案】51．which 52．crimes 53．an 54．were housed 55．mirroring 56．weathering 57．features 58．pride 59．as 60．reminding 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道，报道了遗失在海外的圆明园七根古石柱最近回到中国这一事件。 51．考查定语从句。句意：近日，在海外失散一个多世纪的七根圆明园古石柱正式回归祖国，标志着重要文物的重大回归。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为逗号前面句子描述的内容，作从句的主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 52．考查名词。句意：第二次鸦片战争期间，英法侵略者在中国犯下了各种罪行，包括烧毁圆明园。crime为名词，前有all sorts of修饰，此处用名词复数形式作宾语。故填crimes。 53．考查冠词。句意：当时居住在中国的挪威人约翰对中国文物产生了兴趣，并收藏了各种艺术品，其中的七根石柱在捐赠后被收藏在西挪威博物馆。此处interest表示泛指，用不定冠词，interest以元音音素开始发音，不定冠词用an。故填an。 54．考查动词时态和语态。句意同上。空处为定语从句的谓语，the seven stone columns为主语，是复数形式，与house构成被动关系，且描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were housed。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些柱子，反映了圆明园西式建筑中发现的文物的质量、装饰和材料，保存完好，只是略有风化痕迹。空处修饰The columns作定语，the columns与mirror“反映”构成逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词。故填mirroring。 56．考查名词。句意同上。空处作宾语，表示“风化”用动词weather对应的名词形式weathering。故填weathering。 57．考查动词时态。句意：该展览将从周六开始向公众开放，展出约50件展品。空处为非限制性定语从句的谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，which指代先行词an exhibition为单数，动词用第三人称单数形式。故填features。 58．考查名词。句意：参观展览的文物专业大学生向《环球时报》表达了他们的骄傲和兴奋。空处与excitement并列作宾语，用名词形式pride。故填pride。 59．考查介词。句意：他们认为这些文物的回归是中西文化交流的象征。view…as…为固定短语，意思为：将……视作……。故填as。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：圆明园不仅仅是一个历史公园，更是一个爱国主义教育的场所，不断提醒我们，落后会导致痛苦的惨痛教训。空处作非谓语动词，逻辑主语Yuanmingyuan与remind构成逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词。故填reminding。 Passage 7 The British Museum opened a Silk Road exhibition on Tuesday, featuring over 300 objects from 29 national and international institutions. 61 (cover) the period from around 500 to 1000 A．D．, the exhibition explorers how the journeys of people, objects and ideas along the Silk Road 62 (gradual) shaped cultures and histories across continents. Nicholas Cullinan, director of the British Museum, told Xinhua that the exhibition, through partnerships with 63 (organize) worldwide, shows the connection between different cultures. “Even though we have different cultures and viewpoints, there are deep links 64 can bring them together,” he said. Luk Yu-ping, co-organizer of the exhibition, stressed the link between past and present, describing it 65 networks connecting Asia, Africa, and Europe. In the past, China was central to these networks, influencing 66 (economy) development and cultural exchange. “This 67 (mirror) today in initiatives (倡议) like the Belt and Road, where China again plays 68 vital role in the global economy,” she noted. Sue Brunning, another co-organizer, explained the broad geographical scope (范围) of the Silk Road. “ 69 Northwest Europe is often overlooked (忽视) in Silk Road discussions, our exhibition ends up with objects 70 (find) in Scotland dating back to present-day Iran,” she said. The exhibition will be open to the public until Feb 23, 2025. 【答案】61．Covering 62．gradually 63．organizations 64．that/which 65．as 66．economic 67．is mirrored 68．a 69．Although/Though/While 70．found 【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道。报道了大英博物馆于周二开幕的丝绸之路展览，介绍了展览的内容、目的、合作机构以及展览的持续时间等信息。 61．考查非谓语动词。句意：展览涵盖了大约公元500年到1000年的时间，探索了丝绸之路沿途的人、物和思想是如何逐渐塑造各大洲的文化和历史的。本句已有谓语动词explorers，所以cover用非谓语动词，和逻辑主语the exhibition之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。62．考查副词。句意：展览涵盖了大约公元500年到1000年的时间，探索了丝绸之路沿途的人、物和思想是如何逐渐塑造各大洲的文化和历史的。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰。故填gradually。 63．考查名词。句意：大英博物馆馆长尼古拉斯·库里南在接受新华社采访时表示，这次展览通过与世界各地的组织合作，展示了不同文化之间的联系。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，organize的名词形式organization，为可数名词，根据后文worldwide可知，用复数形式。故填organizations。 64．考查定语从句。句意：他说：“尽管我们有不同的文化和观点，但有很深的联系可以把它们联系在一起。”空处引导定语从句，先行词是links，在从句中主语，用that或者which引导。故填that或者which。 65．考查介词。句意；展览的联合组织者陆玉平强调了过去和现在之间的联系，将其描述为连接亚洲、非洲和欧洲的网络。此处是固定搭配：describe as意为“把……说成”。故填as。 66．考查形容词。句意：在过去，中国是这些网络的中心，影响着经济发展和文化交流。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，此处要用economy的形容词economic，表示“经济的”。故填economic。 67．考查动词时态和语态。句意：她指出：“这反映在今天的‘一带一路’倡议中，中国再次在全球经济中发挥着至关重要的作用。”mirror作本句谓语，和主语this(代指前句提到的事)之间为被动关系，用被动语态，根据today可知，用一般现在时。故填is mirrored。 68．考查冠词。句意：她指出：“这反映在今天的‘一带一路’倡议中，中国再次在全球经济中发挥着至关重要的作用。”此处是固定搭配：play a role in意为“在……中发挥作用/扮演角色”。故填a。 69．考查状语从句。句意：“尽管在丝绸之路的讨论中，西北欧经常被忽视，但我们的展览最终展出了在苏格兰发现的可追溯到今天伊朗的物品，”她说。空处引导状语从句，根据句意，表达“虽然，尽管”之意，应用although后者though或者while引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Although或者Though或者While。 70．考查非谓语动词。句意：“尽管在丝绸之路的讨论中，西北欧经常被忽视，但我们的展览最终展出了在苏格兰发现的可追溯到今天伊朗的物品，”她说。本句已有谓语动词，所以find用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语objects之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动作后置定语。故填found。 ( 21 / 38 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Back to the past (译林版2020选择必修第三册) 单元话题语言知识把关(完形填空8篇+语法填空7篇) Ⅰ完形填空 Passage 1 Lady Feng with hurried steps 1 to the centre of the room. “If we are to play at forfeits (行酒令),” she 2 proposed, “we’d better invite sister Yuan Yang to come and join us.” The whole 3 was perfectly aware that if dowager (老年贵妇) Chia had to 4 the rule of forfeits, Yuan Yang would necessarily have to suggest it, so the moment they heard the 5 they, with agreement, approved it as excellent. Lady Feng therefore dragged Yuan Yang over. “As you’re to take a part in the game,” Madame Wang observed, “there’s no 6 why you should stand up.” And turning her 7 round, “Bring over,” she bade a young waiting-maid, “a chair here.” Yuan Yang, half 8 and half assenting, expressed her thanks, and took the seat. After drinking also of a cup of wine, “Drinking rules,” she smiled, “resemble very much martial law; 9 irrespective of high or low, I alone will preside. Any one who disobeys my words will have to suffer a punishment.” Hearing that, old goody Liu left the table, waving her hand: “Don’t,” she said, “ 10 people in this way, for I’ll go home.” “This will never do!” One and all protested. Old goody Liu kept on crying, “ 11 me!” “Any one who says one word more,” Yuan Yang exclaimed, “will be fined a whole decanter (雕花玻璃酒瓶) full.” Old goody Liu then 12 observed silence. “I’ll now give out the set of dominoes (牙牌；骨牌副).” Yuan Yang 13 . “I’ll begin from our venerable dowager and follow down in proper order. So as to illustrate what I meant, I’ll take these three dominoes and place them apart; you have to begin by saying something on the first, next, to allude (顺便提及) to the second, and, after finishing with all three, to take the 14 of the whole set and match it with a line.” “This rule is 15 ; begin at once!” they all exclaimed. 1．A．charged B．advanced C．flied D．marched 2．A．smilingly B．nervously C．pleasingly D．unwillingly 3．A．family B．crowd C．member D．company 4．A．lay out B．come out C．give out D．take out 5．A．suggestion B．rule C．proposal D．inform 6．A．reason B．cause C．excuse D．explanation 7．A．pitch B．head C．eyes D．lips 8．A．protesting B．resisting C．refusing D．revolting 9．A．because B．but C．though D．so 10．A．make fun of B．make use of C．take advantage of D．take charge of 11．A．stand B．spare C．aid D．pardon 12．A．at least B．at heart C．at length D．at times 13．A．paused B．repeated C．stressed D．proceeded 14．A．place B．name C．illustration D．number 15．A．astonishing B．difficult C．splendid D．passable Passage 2 In the UK, one in every three children lives in poverty. Author and illustrator (插画师) Tom Percival says this 16 him.“It is not fair that some children are at such a (n) 17 compared with others,” he says. The Wrong Shoes, Percival’s latest book, 18 this problem. It is told from the 19 of Will, whose shoes let in water when it rains. Will and his dad are very 20 of money, so he can’t get new shoes like his friends. And he doesn’t want to 21 this to anyone. When Will’s best friend 22 him his old sports shoes, he gets 23 and upset. But fortunately, he finally finds comfort in the people he least 24 , such as a shopkeeper he doesn’t know. Percival hopes The Wrong Shoes will 25 a light on the difficulties of disadvantaged children across the UK. “I want people to have an awareness of the additional challenge 26 children in Will’s position,” he says. Some of Will’s character and personality are 27 by Percival’s own experiences. As a child, Percival loved art, like Will, who draws to 28 . “Having positive outlets (发泄途径) in your life can make you feel good,” he says. The book 29 a strong message about the power of empathy (同理心) and hope. For every copy of The Wrong Shoes that is sold, £1 will 30 the National Literacy Trust, a charity that helps children and young people learn and read. 16．A．angers B．inspires C．frightens D．calms 17．A．loss B．event C．disadvantage D．uncertainty 18．A．addresses B．emphasizes C．avoids D．ignores 19．A．view B．heart C．source D．past 20．A．aware B．independent C．conscious D．short 21．A．report B．show C．pass D．keep 22．A．sells B．tells C．offers D．awards 23．A．excited B．embarrassed C．shocked D．depressed 24．A．approaches B．believes C．demands D．expects 25．A．shine B．steal C．produce D．reflect 26．A．facing B．bathing C．testing D．doubting 27．A．explored B．predicted C．influenced D．occupied 28．A．impress B．escape C．update D．survive 29．A．hides B．promotes C．delivers D．receives 30．A．take up B．make for C．carry on D．go to Passage 3 Small, spoon-shaped objects found on the end of warriors’ belts at archaeological sites across northern Europe could have been used to dispense stimulants (分配兴奋剂) before battle, a study suggests. The widespread use of drugs in ancient Greece and Rome was 31 in ancient sources and supported by archaeological finds. However, this body of evidence was 32 for the Germanic peoples living outside the Roman Empire, and it is generally assumed that they made little 33 of drugs apart from alcohol. Now, 34 by archaeologists offer a fresh viewpoint on these issues. Researchers identified 241 such 35 dating from the Roman period. They have handles, mostly 40-70mm long, and either a concave (凹的) bowl or flat disk measuring 10 to 20mm across. They were 36 to a man’s belt but played no role in its 37 . Stimulants may have been widely used to motivate soldiers to 38 their performance and also to reduce the stress and 39 caused by the war. The warriors could have used these objects to measure the right dose to 40 the desired effects. Researchers then surveyed which stimulants could have been 41 to the Germanic communities, either plants gathered locally or 42 in dry form from further afield. They conclude that Germanic peoples would have had access to a wide range of substances used as stimulants. These could have been 43 either in liquid form or in powdered form. Moreover, they note that to 44 the quantity and type of stimulants needed would have required considerable knowledge. They further believe that the stimulants were probably also used for 45 other than warfare, such as in medicine and rituals. 31．A．accepted B．documented C．forbidden D．misunderstood 32．A．convincing B．growing C．conflicting D．missing 33．A．difference B．sense C．use D．mention 34．A．analyses B．standards C．instructions D．measures 35．A．battles B．objects C．problems D．drugs 36．A．applied B．attached C．limited D．exposed 37．A．production B．understanding C．functioning D．transportation 38．A．review B．share C．boost D．track 39．A．shame B．infection C．danger D．fear 40．A．produce B．avoid C．assess D．study 41．A．available B．helpful C．unnecessary D．attractive 42．A．exchanged B．seen C．transformed D．transported 43．A．raised B．possessed C．collected D．consumed 44．A．spare B．detect C．supply D．store 45．A．benefits B．purposes C．forms D．findings Passage 4 When Sam Fisher took his two young sons, Jessin, 10, and Liam, 7, and their 9-year-old cousin Kaiden on a hike in the Badlands of North Dakota, he was probably planning a day of sightseeing and light exercise. What he did not 46 , however, was the group’s 47 the remains of a young Tyrannosaurus rex that lived millions of years ago. Their find was considered as an “unbelievable 48 ” by the Denver Museum of Nature & Science and will be 49 at the museum. Fisher and the boys were surely 50 . They 51 the fossil (化石) with all the respect it deserved. Fisher sent a photo of the find to his old high school classmate, Dr. Tyler Lyson, a paleontologist (古生物学家) in the Denver Museum of Nature & Science and asked for advice. Then, Dr. Lyson 52 on the site with the family as well as a skilled team to 53 up the fossil. 54 they unearthed the remains of the teenage Tyrannosaurus rex. The fossil has since been called “Teen Rex”. According to the size of the bone, experts judged the dinosaur was between 12 and 14 years old at the time of its 55 and weighed around 3,500 pounds, about half the size of a 56 Tyrannosaurus rex, 57 there would have been still much room for growth. “It is 58 to find complete Tyrannosaurus rex fossils, and even more unusual to find the young one. These boys have made a discovery that 59 science and deepens our understanding of the natural world,” says Dr. Lyson. In addition to the display, the museum will also be 60 a new 40-minute film T.REX, which tells this astonishing story. 46．A．find B．expect C．notice D．acquire 47．A．clearing away B．looking for C．passing down D．coming across 48．A．figure B．improvement C．emergency D．discovery 49．A．at present B．on show C．in detail D．under control 50．A．disappointed B．anxious C．excited D．confident 51．A．wondered at B．learned about C．dealt with D．stuck to 52．A．arrived B．stayed C．brushed D．pushed 53．A．turn B．dig C．put D．give 54．A．Moreover B．Otherwise C．Together D．Besides 55．A．death B．leaving C．meeting D．recovery 56．A．like-minded B．short-sighted C．well-rounded D．fully-developed 57．A．ensuring B．requiring C．implying D．allowing 58．A．risky B．difficult C．boring D．unusual 59．A．advances B．challenges C．introduces D．explains 60．A．screening B．inventing C．admiring D．checking Passage 5 The 602-year-old Forbidden City is the world’s largest palace. It 61 more than 19 million 62 in 2019. If we were to travel back to the past, this huge palace would be a 63 to us with a lot remaining to be discovered. It was when all 64 in Beijing were low except for the Forbidden City, which was surrounded by high 65 and a wide moat (护城河). After 66 the golden roof from the outside, people could only imagine what it looked like inside. 67 an area of about 720, 000 square meters in the heart of Beijing, the Forbidden City was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third 68 of the Ming Dynasty. In the past, the Forbidden City was where the highest power of the country laid. Emperors were born, lived, fought and 69 there. Various historical events happened there. It saw the ups and downs of the Ming and Qing dynasties, as well as how feudal monarchy (封建帝制) 70 came to an end in China. The lives of the royal families were 71 through many documents. They 72 a large amount of valuable material for today’s historical 73 , as well as inspiration for literature and entertainment. In 1987, the Forbidden City was 74 as the World Cultural Heritage. For the heads of state who come to visit China, it is a must-see tourist 75 . When they pay a state visit to China, our top leader may show them around there. 61．A．relieved B．received C．guided D．limited 62．A．visitors B．students C．teachers D．citizens 63．A．dream B．hope C．wonder D．mystery 64．A．museums B．rooms C．buildings D．houses 65．A．towers B．walls C．trees D．hills 66．A．looking at B．giving up C．setting down D．jumping at 67．A．Owning B．Covering C．Having D．Taking 68．A．emperor B．designer C．painter D．soldier 69．A．studied B．worked C．gathered D．died 70．A．finally B．quickly C．gradually D．suddenly 71．A．recorded B．passed C．connected D．copied 72．A．grasp B．ignore C．write D．provide 73．A．background B．research C．exam D．survey 74．A．treated B．remembered C．listed D．honored 75．A．palace B．scenery C．attraction D．place Passage 6 There are purple clothes, purple handbags, purple bicycles, purple furniture, even purple computers! So purple is one of the most 76 colors today. But in the past, purple was a very expensive and unusual color. Let’s take a look at the rich 77 of the color purple. Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on Earth over 500 million years ago 78 looked purple, not green. Plants today are green because 79 use green chlorophyll (叶绿素) to produce energy. 80 these early plants probably used something called retinal, which is a dark purple color. During the time of the Roman Empire (37 BC-476 AD), it was very 81 to make purple dye (染料). The dye came from sea snails (海螺). But 10,000 dead sea snails 82 you just one gram of purple dye... as well as a very bad smell! This 83 purple dye was called Tyrian purple, and it was the preferred 84 of emperors. In 16th century England, purple was 85 for the kings family members. Queen Elizabeth I’s clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to 86 the color. In 1856, William Perkin, an 18-year-old 87 student, noticed something strange while doing an experiment. The chemicals he used to clean his instruments 88 with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color. This 89 led Perkin to start a company using this chemical mixture to make purple dye. The dye was much 90 than sea snail dye. Thanks to Perkin, now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes. 76．A．peaceful B．popular C．exciting D．serious 77．A．history B．style C．research D．product 78．A．gradually B．especially C．exactly D．probably 79．A．others B．they C．we D．some 80．A．And B．So C．But D．Until 81．A．dangerous B．common C．difficult D．strange 82．A．got B．passed C．wasted D．cost 83．A．basic B．harmful C．special D．perfect 84．A．color B．smell C．plant D．animal 85．A．even B．never C．seldom D．only 86．A．wear B．sell C．change D．make 87．A．Geography B．Science C．Art D．Maths 88．A．compared B．mixed C．collected D．kept 89．A．survey B．suggestion C．discovery D．exam 90．A．healthier B．thicker C．cheaper D．darker Passage 7 History’s first empire rose out of a hot, dry landscape, without rainfall for crops, without trees or stones for building. In spite of all this, its people built the world’s first cities, with monumental architecture and large populations — and they built them 91 out of mud. Sumer 92 the southern part of modern Iraq in the region called Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia means “between two rivers” — the Tigris and the Euphrates. Around 5000 BCE, early Sumerians used channels and dams to 93 river water and farm large areas of previously 94 land. Agricultural communities like this were slowly 95 in Mesopotamia. But Sumerians were the first to take the 96 step. Using 97 made from river mud, they began to build multi-storied homes and temples. Those clay bricks gave rise to the world’s first 98 , like Uruk, Ur, and Eridu, probably around 4500 BCE. The Sumerians created the first 99 system, designed to teach the ability of writing. In the schools, people studied from dawn to dusk, from 100 well into adulthood. They 101 accounting, mathematics, and copied works of literature. But by the third millennium (千年) BCE, Sumer was no longer the 102 empire around, or even in Mesopotamia. Waves of nomadic (游牧) tribes poured into the 103 from the north and east. In 2300 BCE, the Sumerian Empire was conquered and 104 . Afterward, Sumer disappeared back into the desert dirt, not to be 105 until the 19th century. 91．A．permanently B．quickly C．patiently D．entirely 92．A．occupied B．destroyed C．lost D．attacked 93．A．separate B．interrupt C．redirect D．freeze 94．A．dry B．royal C．awesome D．rich 95．A．wearing down B．springing up C．rising up D．breaking down 96．A．next B．last C．slow D．same 97．A．equipment B．basins C．walls D．bricks 98．A．emperors B．universities C．cities D．palaces 99．A．law B．school C．construction D．labour 100．A．society B．childhood C．community D．parenthood 101．A．invented B．dismissed C．learned D．preserved 102．A．only B．safe C．weak D．reliable 103．A．region B．center C．river D．farm 104．A．strengthened B．saved C．surrounded D．overturned 105．A．rebuilt B．relocated C．rediscovered D．reunited Passage 8 A young lady was sitting in her garden under a tree drinking tea. 106 , something white fell and 107 in her drink. It was a cocoon (茧). As the cocoon rumbled (发出隆隆声) in the hot 108 , she realized that it was made from a long, strong and soft 109 . She started thinking about how to 110 the new material. Does this story sound a bit 111 ? It does remind me of Isaac Newton, having the 112 of the law of gravity while sitting under an apple tree after he was 113 on the head with a piece of falling fruit. The story of the young woman and her tea is a popular Chinese legend (传说) about 114 . When silk was first invented, silk clothing was 115 by the rich people, and it was a status symbol. But over time its use spread and a wider range of social classes 116 wearing silk clothes. As the production of silk increased, it began to be put into industrial 117 and became a part of musical instruments, fishing lines, even wrap paper and trade business. Silk was 118 traded and spread all the way from China to India and through Central Asia to the Middle East. It was the longest trade route across land, and it allowed early 119 between Europe and China. Italy became one of the 120 producers of silk and it’s where some of the world’s finest silk cloth is made even today. 106．A．Suddenly B．Fortunately C．Obviously D．Gradually 107．A．disappeared B．hid C．landed D．defended 108．A．air B．tea C．tree D．garden 109．A．creature B．chemical C．plant D．material 110．A．catch hold of B．make use of C．run out of D．drop out of 111．A．familiar B．fascinating C．exciting D．terrible 112．A．report B．record C．picture D．idea 113．A．knocked B．attacked C．touched D．fixed 114．A．industry B．trade C．silk D．clothing 115．A．chosen B．designed C．admired D．charged 116．A．enjoyed B．began C．considered D．admitted 117．A．use B．management C．operation D．standard 118．A．conveniently B．legally C．secretly D．widely 119．A．debate B．contact C．competition D．pressure 120．A．elective B．fancy C．major D．smooth Ⅱ语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 Chinese researchers unearthed a giant panda fossil during a recent expedition in the Shuanghe Cave in Suiyang County, southwest China’s Guizhou Province. This is the 47th giant panda fossil that they 1 (discover) in the cave so far, according to the researchers. Wang Deyuan, 2 assistant researcher at the Guizhou Academy of Sciences and head of the expedition, said that the Shuanghe Cave has well-developed cave systems and that its favorable environment provides the possibility 3 (preserve) the fossils. The first discovery of giant panda fossils 4 (document) in the 1940s. It was at that time 5 scientists found the fossilized teeth of giant pandas believed to be about 7 million years old. Giant panda fossils provide 6 (rely) resources for the research on the evolution of the species’ size. Besides, the ancient DNA 7 (find) in these fossils can provide insight 8 the eating habits and genetic evolution of giant pandas, as well as changes in the Shuanghe Cave’s paleo-climate and paleo-environment. The Shuanghe Cave has seen 23 international joint scientific expeditions since the late 1980s. A total of 47 giant panda fossils have been found in the cave, with the oldest 9 (date) back at least 100,000 years and the youngest being a few hundred years old. The Shuanghe Cave has a total 10 (long) of 437.1 kilometers, making it the longest cave in Asia and the third longest in the world. Passage 2 （2025年高二上·山东菏泽·期末） About 120 years ago, gold was discovered in the Yukon, in northern Canada. As a young man, Jack London joined the gold rush 11 journeyed from California to Alaska and the Yukon. Though, like most miners, he did not get rich 12 (look) for gold, he saw first-hand how dogs were a necessary part of travel in the far north. Some friends he met there had a large dog, particularly tough and healthy. This served as 13 (inspire) for the main dog character in London’s novel, The Call of the Wild. When he returned 14 California, London was unable to find a job. With Alaska fresh in 15 (he) mind, he tried to sell the story of his journey up north to several publishers and magazines, but no one seemed 16 (interest). Later, London wrote a short story about a dog in the far north who survived many adventures. This new story became extremely popular. It 17 (publish) in book format and has never been out of print since. The hero of London’s novel was Buck, a large family dog 18 (own) by a wealthy judge. Buck’s life was wonderful and happy, until he was stolen and sold to the men 19 took him to Canada, where he became a sled dog used for travel in the harsh Yukon winter. Today, the book is considered one of the most important 20 (novel) of American literature, and students in high school and college are often required to read it. Passage 3 （2025年高二上·山西运城·期末） Porcelain (瓷器) , 21 ( feature ) its delicate texture, pleasing color, and refined sculpture, has been one of the 22 ( good ) artworks introduced to the western world through the Silk Road. The earliest one was found made of Kaolin in the Shang Dynasty (17th-11th Century BC) , and possessed the common aspects of the smoothness and unaffected quality of hard enamel (搪瓷), though pottery wares were more 23 ( wide ) used among most of the ordinary people. Anyway it was the beginning. In the following dynasties, due to its durability and shine, porcelain rapidly became 24 necessity of daily life, especially in the middle and upper classes. They were made in the form of all kinds of 25 ( item) , such as bowls, cups, vases and so on. Blue and white china (qinghua )is the most widespread and famous Chinese porcelain, 26 originated in the Tang and Song eras (618 AD-1279 AD), but its technology didn’t mature 27 the Yuan era (1271 AD-1368 AD). Through the 28 ( develop ) of over 4,000 years, now it is still a brilliant kind of art that attracts thousands of people. The Porcelain Capital, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, which 29 ( praise ) for thousands of years, will be certain 30 ( satisfy ) your appetite for beauty. Passage 4 Architecture is not only a technological science, but also an art form. In ancient Chinese architecture, the combination of art and 31 (wise) is a treasure left to us by our ancestors. Next, some typical 32 (representation) of Chinese architecture will be selected and introduced to you here. The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a magnificent landmark located in Beijing. This extraordinary complex, 33 (complete) in 1420 after starting construction in 1406, served as the royal palace for 24 emperors. The Palace complex is known for its traditional Chinese architecture design, 34 (feature) complicatedly carved wooden structures, colorful rooftops, and dedicate details. Within the Forbidden City, there are several main palaces and halls that are the focal points of the complex. The Forbidden City 35 (house) a vast collection of art and cultural artifacts that provide lights into the rich history of China. The Great Wall consists of one or more walls, fortresses (堡垒), and beacon towers (烽火台) along the Great Wall with natural barriers, some of 36 are still standing today. This giant defense system is 37 unique mixture of military architecture and civilian engineering. It’s a reminder of our country’s rich history and the 38 (count) efforts made to protect our land. As you walk along the wall, you’ll notice that each fortress has its own design and purpose, from monitoring enemy movements 39 providing refuge for travelers. As we can see, ancient Chinese architecture 40 (create) rich and colorful artistic images over the past centuries. Take action and feel the charm of our ancient Chinese architecture on your own. Passage 5 In East China’s Anhui province, a 2-meter-wide alley separates a pair of gray walls. At first glance it may seem insignificant. 41 , to those who know its history, Liuchi Alley in Tongcheng symbolizes much more than its initial appearance would suggest. In the Qing Dynasty, there were two families both with 42 (influence)members within the court of Emperor Kangxi. To the south was the Zhang family and to the north was the Wu family. But the two families had a fierce quarrel 43 (result)from the disagreement over the boundary between their houses. Unable to resolve it locally, the Zhangs asked their family member Zhang Ying, a trusted top official in the emperor’s court, 44 help. Zhang called for them to step back 1 meter from the boundary instead of 45 (back)them, which moved the two families so much that both did exactly that. A 2-meter-wide alley between the houses serving as the boundary 46 (bear)with the name Liuchi Alley, which originated from the Mandarin word for six and chi — a traditional Chinese unit of 47 (long)that corresponds to one-third of a meter. Nowadays, Liuchi Alley, one of the most famous 48 (attraction)in Tongcheng, stands as a model of harmonious and respectful neighbor relations in China, 49 illustrates the ancient wisdom of conflict resolution, inspiring people 50 (address)problems properly and foster a harmonious social environment. Passage 6 （2025年高二上·山东东营·期末） Seven ancient stone columns from Yuanmingyuan that were lost overseas for over a century have been officially returned to their homeland recently, 51 marks a significant return of important cultural relics. During the Second Opium War, invaders from Britain and France committed all sorts of 52 (crime) in China, including the burning of Yuanmingyuan. Johan, a Norwegian who was living in China at that time, developed 53 interest in Chinese artifacts and collected various artworks, of which the seven stone columns 54 (house) in the West Norway Museum after donation. With the guidance of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, joint efforts were made to bring about the donation of these stone columns from Norway to China. The columns, 55 (mirror) the quality, decoration, and material of the relics found in the Western-style building within Yuanmingyuan, are well-preserved and display only minimal signs of 56 (weather). An exhibition, which 57 (feature) around 50 items, will be open to the public from Saturday. University students specializing in cultural relics who visited the exhibition expressed their 58 (proud) and excitement to the Global Times. They view the return of these artifacts 59 a symbol of Chinese-Western cultural exchanges. “Yuanmingyuan is not just a historical park, but also a site for patriotic (爱国的) education, constantly 60 (remind) us of the painful lesson that falling behind can lead to suffering. We should remember history and the suffering of the Chinese nation,” a student commented. Passage 7 The British Museum opened a Silk Road exhibition on Tuesday, featuring over 300 objects from 29 national and international institutions. 61 (cover) the period from around 500 to 1000 A．D．, the exhibition explorers how the journeys of people, objects and ideas along the Silk Road 62 (gradual) shaped cultures and histories across continents. Nicholas Cullinan, director of the British Museum, told Xinhua that the exhibition, through partnerships with 63 (organize) worldwide, shows the connection between different cultures. “Even though we have different cultures and viewpoints, there are deep links 64 can bring them together,” he said. Luk Yu-ping, co-organizer of the exhibition, stressed the link between past and present, describing it 65 networks connecting Asia, Africa, and Europe. In the past, China was central to these networks, influencing 66 (economy) development and cultural exchange. “This 67 (mirror) today in initiatives (倡议) like the Belt and Road, where China again plays 68 vital role in the global economy,” she noted. Sue Brunning, another co-organizer, explained the broad geographical scope (范围) of the Silk Road. “ 69 Northwest Europe is often overlooked (忽视) in Silk Road discussions, our exhibition ends up with objects 70 (find) in Scotland dating back to present-day Iran,” she said. The exhibition will be open to the public until Feb 23, 2025. ( 12 / 14 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$