专题02 Unit 3 语法填空专练(词汇句式全考查100题)--2024-2025学年高二英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020选择必修第三册)

Unit 3 Back to the past (译林版2020选择必修第三册) 语法填空专练(词汇句式全考查100题) Ⅰ单句语法填空 1． (convince) that he himself had done nothing wrong, he refused to apologize. 【答案】Convinced 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他确信自己没有做错任何事，因此拒绝道歉。句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语，convince“使确信，使信服”和he逻辑上是被动关系，因此用convince的过去分词形式，作原因状语，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Convinced。 2．Hawaii is a perfect (set) for romance with its pleasant climate and breathtaking scenery. 【答案】setting 【详解】考查名词。句意：夏威夷以其宜人的气候和令人惊叹的风景成为浪漫的完美地点。分析句子可知，空处作表语，其前有冠词a，需要名词，结合句意应用setting表示“环境，地点”。故填setting。 3．They found plenty of things to be delighted with, but nothing to be astonished ． 【答案】at/by 【详解】考查介词。句意：他们发现了许多令人高兴的事情，但没有什么令人惊讶的。根据空格前的astonished可知，此处用介词at/by构成固定搭配be astonished at/by表示“对……感到惊讶”。故填at/by。 4．The length of this box is twice its (broad). 【答案】breadth 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个盒子的长度是它的宽度的两倍。根据“The length of this box”可知，此处是指盒子的宽度，所以应用名词breadth表示“宽度”。“A+be动词+倍数+the size/height/length/width...+of+B”意为“A正好是B的多少倍”。故填breadth。 5．A number of local people have been arrested for trying to stop trucks loaded logs. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：一些当地人因试图阻止装载原木的卡车而被捕。结合句意及空前的loaded可知此处应填介词with，be loaded with意为“装载；装满”，固定搭配，loaded with logs为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词trucks。故填with。 6．I try to convince him the reality of the danger. 【答案】of 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我试图让他相信危险的事实。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语convince sb. of sth.，意为“让某人相信某事”。故填of。 7．Johnson’s speech won him a wide faithful audience and I was also of his opinions. (convince) 【答案】 convincing convinced 【详解】考查形容词。句意：约翰逊有说服力的演讲为他赢得了广泛的忠实听众，我也相信了他的观点。根据“speech”和“I was ”可知，空处分别需要用形容词作定语修饰名词和形容词作表语，convince是动词，表示“使相信”，形容词convincing表示“令人信服的，有说服力的”，形容词convinced表示“（人）坚信……的”，第一空修饰物用convincing；第二用修饰人用convinced。故填①convincing②convinced。 8．Last night a pipe broke, (leak) water all over the house. 【答案】leaking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨晚一根水管破了，水漏了一屋子。句中谓语是broke，空格处用非谓语动词，pipe和leak是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填leaking。 9．They acknowledged （defeat）by us at last. 【答案】being defeated/having been defeated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们承认最终被我们打败了。“acknowledge doing sth/having done sth” 意为“承认做过某事”。defeat和逻辑主语they之间的关系为被动，意为被打败了，所以要用其被动形式“acknowledge being done/having been done ”,故填being defeated/having been defeated。 10．A (harmony) relationship is built on trust, understanding, and working together to solve problems peacefully. 【答案】harmonious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：和谐的关系建立在信任、理解和共同努力和平解决问题的基础上。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，harmonious，表“和谐的”，符合句意。故填harmonious。 11．When you feel (panic), you’d better take a deep breath and try to relax yourself. 【答案】panicked 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当你感到恐慌时，你最好深呼吸，试着放松自己。空处用形容词作表语，表示“感到惊慌的”，故填panicked。 12．The company’s innovative products are (influence) in nature, shaping industry trends. 【答案】influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该公司的创新产品本质上具有影响力，引领着行业趋势。此句中 “are” 为系动词，句子结构为主系表，所以空格处需要一个形容词作表语；所给词 “influence” 常见词性为名词（影响；作用）和动词（影响；对…… 起作用），其形容词形式为 “influential”，意为 “有影响力的；有势力的”，符合语境。故填influential。 13．Young people must study hard to improve the economy and (strength) our country. 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：年轻人必须努力学习以改善经济并加强我们的国家。作谓语动词，需用动词形式strengthen，与improve并列，保持句子结构一致，用不定式作目的状语。故填strengthen。 14．The designer aimed to make the living room a (harmony) mix of modern and traditional elements.【答案】harmonious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：设计师的目的是使客厅成为现代与传统元素的和谐结合。此处修饰名词mix，应用形容词harmonious“和谐的”，作定语。故填harmonious。 15． (load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. 【答案】Loaded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：船队载着瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍品，先后对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，短语be loaded with意为“装载着”，load和the fleet逻辑上是被动关系，因此用load的过去分词形式，作状语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Loaded。 16．What (astonish) me was that the situation changed dramatically. 【答案】astonished 【详解】考查时态。句意：令我吃惊的是情况发生了巨大的变化。空格处是what引导的主语从句的谓语动词，由下文的was和changed可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填astonished。 17．Nowadays those who fail to find jobs rely on their parents for (finance) assistance. 【答案】financial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如今，那些找不到工作的人依靠父母的经济援助。根据空后的名词assistance可知，此处使用形容词financial“财政的，金融的”，作定语。故填financial。 18．It (acknowledge) that it is human activity that has caused global warming. 【答案】is acknowledged 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：众所周知，是人类活动导致了全球变暖。此处考查固定句型 It is + 过去分词 + that...，表示 “人们公认……；据认为……”，acknowledge 与 It 之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态形式，结合语境可知用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is acknowledged。 19．There isn’t a (short) of carrots, so everybody doesn’t bother to grow them in their gardens. 【答案】shortage 【详解】考查名词。句意：胡萝卜并不短缺，所以每个人都懒得在自己的花园里种胡萝卜。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词shortage，a shortage of为固定搭配，意为“短缺”。故填shortage。 20．The boy insisted that he (be) old enough, and (give) the right to make his own choice. 【答案】 was should be given/be given 【详解】考查动词时态、主谓一致及虚拟语气。句意：这个男孩坚称他年纪已经足够大，应该有做出自己的选择的权利了。insist表示“坚持认为”时，其后宾语从句不用虚拟语气，第一空的时态应和“insisted”保持一致，用一般过去时，主语为he，be动词应用was；insist表示“坚持要求”时，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可省略，give“给”和主语he之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。故填①was；②(should) be given。 21．The misadventure is more likely (strong) his willpower. 【答案】to strengthen 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这次不幸更有可能增强他的意志力。be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，故空处应用strong的动词strengthen“增强”的不定式。故填to strengthen。 22．The doctor decided to perform an operation the patient at once. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：医生决定立即给病人动手术。句子使用短语perform an operation on sb.，表示“给某人做手术”。故填on。 23．She needed solid (prove) of her claims, so she gathered documents and photographs to support her case. 【答案】proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：她需要对她的主张有确凿的证明，所以她收集了文件和照片来支持她的主张。根据“needed solid”可知，本空需填入名词作句子宾语。所给词“prove”的名词形式是“proof”，意思是“证据”。故填proof。 24．She claims she was unfairly (dismiss) from her post. 【答案】dismissed 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：她声称自己被不公平地解雇了。dismiss与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，与空前was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填dismissed。 25．To my disappointment, I haven’t received any (acknowledge) or reply to my application. 【答案】acknowledgement 【详解】考查名词。句意：令我失望的是，我没有收到任何收件复函或回复我的申请。此处为名词作宾语，acknowledge的名词为acknowledgement意为“收件复函”符合句意。故填acknowledgement。 26．Historically, Chinese silk made its way to Rome even before the beginning of the Common Era (时代). The Silk Road (facilitate) the exchange of Chinese culture with the West, while Western culture found its way to the East. 【答案】facilitated 【详解】考查时态。句意：从历史上看，中国的丝绸甚至在公元纪年开始之前就已经传到了罗马。丝绸之路促进了中国文化与西方文化的交流，同时西方文化也找到了通往东方的道路。facilitate(促进，推动)为谓语动词，根据语境和分句谓语made可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故填facilitated。 27．When we arrived in the deep night, we found there was no food (availability) as all the shops were shut. 【答案】available 【详解】查形容词。句意：当我们深夜到达时，我们发现没有食物，因为所有的商店都关门了。空处需填入提示词的形容词形式以修饰名词food，availability的形容词形式是available。作后置定语。故填available。 28．Parallelism as a device is the use of expressions, clauses or sentences that are similar in their structure. (literature) 【答案】literary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：平行是一种文学手法，指的是使用结构相似的短语、分句或句子。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，literature的形容词形式是literary意为“文学的”。故填literary。 29．In (compare)with western cuisine, I prefer traditional Chinese cooking. 【答案】comparison 【详解】考查介词。句意：与西餐相比，我更喜欢传统的中国烹饪。此处作In的宾语，应用名词comparison“比较”，介词in 短语comparison with，意为“与……相比”。故填comparison。 30．The theater (pack) with movie-goers yesterday. 【答案】was packed 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：昨天这家影院挤满了观众。根据时间状语yesterday可知，本句描述的是过去的情况，因此时态使用一般过去时；且主语The theater与动词pack“挤满”之间是被动关系，因此需要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was packed。 31．A great number of companies have been called on (adopt) more practical plans to address unemployment. 【答案】to adopt 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多公司被要求采取更实际的计划来解决失业问题。空处表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to adopt。 32．When the young athlete stepped onto the track, his heart was pounding (violent). However, he took a deep breath and then ran forward, chasing his dream with unwavering determination. 【答案】violently 【详解】考查副词。句意：当这位年轻的运动员踏上跑道时，他的心跳得很剧烈。不过，他深吸了一口气，然后向前跑去，怀着坚定不移的决心追逐着自己的梦想。根据空前pounding可知，此处需用副词来修饰动词pounding，形容词violent的副词形式为violently，意为 “剧烈的，猛烈地”，描述这位年轻运动员心跳得很剧烈的状态，符合语境要求。故填violently。 33．I (freeze) with terror as the door slowly opened. 【答案】froze 【详解】考查时态。句意：门慢慢打开时，我吓得僵住了。根据后文opened可知为一般过去时。故填froze。 34．He was (dress) as a woman. 【答案】dressed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他装扮成一个女人。根据句意和语法结构，设空处应填非谓语动词的过去分词形式dressed，表示被动状态，dress与主语He是被动关系。be dressed as表示“打扮成”。故填dressed。 35．There will be a scathing attack the government’s policies. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：政府的政策将受到严厉的抨击。attack on为固定搭配，意为“（向……）攻击，袭击，抨击”。故填on。 36．Her hair (hang) down to her waist. 【答案】hung 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她的头发垂到腰部。本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用hang“下垂，垂下”的过去式hung。故填hung。 37．I have got a (horror) feeling she lied to us. 【答案】horrible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我有一种糟糕的感觉，她对我们撒谎了。此处用形容词horrible“可怕的，讨厌的，糟糕的”，作前置定语，修饰名词feeling。故填horrible。 38．He lost a lot of (bleed) in the accident. 【答案】blood 【详解】考查名词。句意：他在那次事故中失了很多血。提示词作宾语，用名词blood，意为“血，血液”，不可数名词。故填blood。 39．This is a battleship (sink) by a torpedo. 【答案】sunk 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一艘被鱼雷击沉的战舰。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且battleship与sink“使下沉，使沉没”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词sunk，作后置定语。故填sunk。 40．There are 10 countries in Africa (severe) affected by the drought. 【答案】severely 【详解】考查副词。句意：非洲有10个国家受到干旱的严重影响。提示词修饰动词affected，用副词severely作状语，意为“严重的”。故填severely。 Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。 Passage 1 Pearl Harbor is a U.S.naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, which was 1 scene of a destructive surprise attack by Japanese forces 2 December 7, 1941.Just before 8 a.m.that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked on the base, 3 they managed to destroy or damage nearly 20 American naval ships, 4 (include) eight battleships, and over 180 airplanes.More than 2,000 Americans 5 (die)in the attack, including common people, and another 1,000 people 6 (wound).The day after the attack, President Franklin D．Roosevelt asked Congress 7 (declare) war on Japan. During the Pearl Harbor Attack in 1941 the USS Arizona sank with a 8 (lose) of more than 1,000 men.A white concrete and steel structure now spans the remains of the 9 (sink) ship, which was dedicated as a 10 (nation) memorial on May 30, 1962.Present facilities at Pearl Harbor include a naval shipyard, supply centre, and submarine base. 【答案】1．the 2．on 3．where 4．including 5．died 6．were wounded 7．to declare 8．loss 9．sunken/sunk 10．national 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了珍珠港事件造成的损失以及人们对亚利桑那号战列舰沉没的纪念。 1．考查冠词。句意：珍珠港是夏威夷檀香山附近的一个美国海军 基地，那里是日本军队1941年12月7日发动破坏性突袭的现场。特指日本军队1941年12月7日发动破坏性突袭的现场，用定冠词the。故填the。 2．考查介词。句意：珍珠港是夏威夷檀香山附近的一个美国海军基地，1941年12月7日，日本军队在这里发动了一次毁灭性的突然袭击。表示在具体的某一天，用介词on。故填on。 3．考查定语从句。句意：就在那个周日上午8点之前，数百架日本战斗机袭击了该基地，在那里他们成功摧毁或破坏了近20艘美国海军舰艇，其中包括8艘战列舰，以及180多架飞机。先行词为base，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 4．考查介词。句意：就在那个周日上午8点之前，数百架日本战斗机袭击了该基地，在那里他们成功摧毁或破坏了近20艘美国海军舰艇，其中包括8艘战列舰，以及180多架飞机。根据句意可知，空处填介词including，表示“包括”之意。故填including。 5．考查时态。句意：2000多名美国人在袭击中丧生，其中包括平民，另有1000人受伤。描述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填died。 6．考查时态语态。句意：2000多名美国人在袭击中丧生，其中包括平民，另有1000人受伤。描述过去发生的事为一般过去时，主语与谓语为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填were wounded。 7．考查动词不定式。句意：击发生的第二天，富兰克林·罗斯福总统要求国会对日宣战。ask sb to do sth“让某人做某事”为固定短语。故填to declare。 8．考查名词。句意：在1941年的珍珠港袭击中，亚利桑那号战列舰沉没，损失了1000多人。a后接可数名词loss，作宾语。故填loss。 9．考查过去分词。句意：一个白色的混凝土和钢结构现在矗立在沉船的残骸上，它在1962年5月30日被作为国家纪念碑。sink与ship在逻辑上是被动关关系，表示“沉没的”用过去分词sunken/sunk作定语。 故填sunken/sunk。 10．考查形容词。句意：一个白色的混凝土和钢结构现在矗立在沉船的残骸上，它在1962年5月30日被作为国家纪念碑。表示“国家的”为national作定语。故填national。 Passage 2 It was Sunday, December 7, 1941. It looked like it was going to be a normal day 11 board. Just then there was a huge crashing sound from above. The ship shook 12 (violent) and the crew looked at each other in horror. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. Moments later, a bomb 13 (hit) the USS Arizona. The surprise attack came as 14 great shock to the whole nation. The next day, President Roosevelt made his famous Pearl Harbor Speech, 15 (ask) the US Congress to declare war on Japan. In response to the attack and the president's address, the US joined World War II. Today, the USS Arizona lies 16 it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. 17 (it) location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship's 18 (sink) remains. Nearly 80 years has passed, 19 the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the darkest episodes in American history, will never 20 (forget). 【答案】11．on 12．violently 13．hit 14．a 15．asking 16．where 17．Its 18．sunken 19．but 20．be forgotten 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是珍珠港事件。 1.考查介词。句意：看起来这将是在船上正常的一天。on board为固定短语，意为“在船上”，故填on。 2.考查副词。句意：船剧烈地摇晃着，船员们惊恐地面面相觑。此处应用副词修饰谓语动词shook，violent的副词是violently，意为“剧烈地”，故填violently。 3.考查时态。句意：片刻之后，一枚炸弹击中了亚利桑那号航空母舰。此处描述的是过去发生的事情，因此句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式hit，故填hit。 4.考查冠词。句意：这次突然袭击使全国人民大为震惊。此处shock是抽象名词具体化，指“令人震惊的事”，为可数名词，且此处表泛指，因此前面用不定冠词，great是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 5.考查现在分词。句意：第二天，罗斯福总统发表了著名的《珍珠港演说》，要求美国国会对日本宣战。此处作伴随状语，President Roosevelt与ask是逻辑上的主动关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填asking。 6.考查状语从句的引导词。句意：今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰仍在其沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。设空处引导状语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，因此引导词用where，故填where。 7.考查物主代词。句意：它的位置被标记为一座桥状的纪念碑，横跨沉船遗骸。此处修饰location，且意为“它的位置”，因此空格处用形容词性物主代词its，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Its。 8.考查形容词。句意：它的位置被标记为一座桥状的纪念碑，横跨沉船遗骸。此处修饰名词remains应用形容词，sink的形容词是sunken，意为“沉没的”，故填sunken。 9.考查并列连词。句意：近80年过去了，但珍珠港事件——美国历史上最黑暗的事件之一——永远不会被遗忘。根据句意可知，前后两句是转折关系，因此空格处用表示转折的连词but，故填but。 10.考查动词时态和语态。句意：近80年过去了，但珍珠港事件——美国历史上最黑暗的事件之一——永远不会被遗忘。此处表示珍珠港事件将永远不会被遗忘，用一般将来时的被动语态，即will be done，因此空格处是be forgotten，故填be forgotten。 Passage 3 （2025年高二上·山东菏泽·期末） About 120 years ago, gold was discovered in the Yukon, in northern Canada. As a young man, Jack London joined the gold rush 21 journeyed from California to Alaska and the Yukon. Though, like most miners, he did not get rich 22 (look) for gold, he saw first-hand how dogs were a necessary part of travel in the far north. Some friends he met there had a large dog, particularly tough and healthy. This served as 23 (inspire) for the main dog character in London’s novel, The Call of the Wild. When he returned 24 California, London was unable to find a job. With Alaska fresh in 25 (he) mind, he tried to sell the story of his journey up north to several publishers and magazines, but no one seemed 26 (interest). Later, London wrote a short story about a dog in the far north who survived many adventures. This new story became extremely popular. It 27 (publish) in book format and has never been out of print since. The hero of London’s novel was Buck, a large family dog 28 (own) by a wealthy judge. Buck’s life was wonderful and happy, until he was stolen and sold to the men 29 took him to Canada, where he became a sled dog used for travel in the harsh Yukon winter. Today, the book is considered one of the most important 30 (novel) of American literature, and students in high school and college are often required to read it. 【答案】21．and 22．looking 23．inspiration 24．to 25．his 26．interested 27．was published 28．owned 29．who/that 30．novels 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述杰克・伦敦参与加拿大育空淘金，未发财却获灵感写《野性的呼唤》，该书如今是美国文学重要小说 。 21．考查连词。句意：年轻时，杰克・伦敦加入了淘金热，从加利福尼亚前往阿拉斯加和育空地区。分析句子可知，joined the gold rush与journeyed from California to Alaska and the Yukon是并列谓语，需用并列连词and连接。故填and。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，和大多数淘金者一样，他淘金并没有发财，但他亲眼目睹了狗是北方偏远地区旅行必不可少的一部分。此处考查非谓语动词，he与look是主动关系，再由句意可知，此空应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填looking。 23．考查名词。句意：这为伦敦小说《野性的呼唤》中的主要狗角色提供了灵感。as为介词，后接名词作宾语，inspiration，表“灵感”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填inspiration。 24．考查介词。句意：当他回到加利福尼亚时，伦敦找不到工作。这里考查“return to + 地点”表示“回到某地”，是固定搭配。故填to。 25．考查代词。句意：阿拉斯加的经历在他脑海中记忆犹新，他试图把自己北上的经历卖给几家出版商和杂志，但似乎没有人感兴趣。此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词mind。故填his。 26．考查形容词。句意：阿拉斯加的经历在他脑海中记忆犹新，他试图把自己北上的经历卖给几家出版商和杂志，但似乎没有人感兴趣。这里考查“seem + 形容词”表示“看起来……”，interested表示“感兴趣的”，常用来修饰人。故填interested。 27．考查时态和语态。句意：它以书籍形式出版，从那以后一直没有绝版。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，It指代上文提到的故事，与publish之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语It是单数，故填was published。 28．考查非谓语动词。句意：伦敦小说的主人公是巴克，一只由一位富有的法官拥有的大型家养犬。分析句子可知，此处考查非谓语动词，Buck与own之间是被动关系，再由句意可知，此空应用过去分词作后置定语。故填owned。 29．考查定语从句。句意：巴克的生活美好而幸福，直到它被偷走并卖给了那些把它带到加拿大的人，在那里它成为了一只在育空地区严酷冬季用于旅行的雪橇犬。“___ took him to Canada”是定语从句，先行词是the men，指人，在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 30．考查名词复数。句意：如今，这本书被认为是美国文学最重要的小说之一，高中和大学的学生经常被要求阅读它。这里考查“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”表示“最…… 之一”，所以此处应用名词复数形式novels。故填novels。 Passage 4 Architecture is not only a technological science, but also an art form. In ancient Chinese architecture, the combination of art and 31 (wise) is a treasure left to us by our ancestors. Next, some typical 32 (representation) of Chinese architecture will be selected and introduced to you here. The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a magnificent landmark located in Beijing. This extraordinary complex, 33 (complete) in 1420 after starting construction in 1406, served as the royal palace for 24 emperors. The Palace complex is known for its traditional Chinese architecture design, 34 (feature) complicatedly carved wooden structures, colorful rooftops, and dedicate details. Within the Forbidden City, there are several main palaces and halls that are the focal points of the complex. The Forbidden City 35 (house) a vast collection of art and cultural artifacts that provide lights into the rich history of China. The Great Wall consists of one or more walls, fortresses (堡垒), and beacon towers (烽火台) along the Great Wall with natural barriers, some of 36 are still standing today. This giant defense system is 37 unique mixture of military architecture and civilian engineering. It’s a reminder of our country’s rich history and the 38 (count) efforts made to protect our land. As you walk along the wall, you’ll notice that each fortress has its own design and purpose, from monitoring enemy movements 39 providing refuge for travelers. As we can see, ancient Chinese architecture 40 (create) rich and colorful artistic images over the past centuries. Take action and feel the charm of our ancient Chinese architecture on your own. 【答案】31．wisdom 32．representations 33．completed 34．featuring 35．houses 36．which 37．a 38．countless 39．to 40．has created/has been creating 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国古代建筑中的艺术和智慧的结合，并列举了紫禁城和长城的例子。 31．考查名词。句意：在中国古代建筑中，艺术与智慧的结合是我们祖先留给我们的财富。根据 “the combination of art and 　　1　　 (wise)” 可知，这里需要一个名词与“art”并列，“wise” 的名词形式是“wisdom”，意为“智慧”，不可数。故填wisdom。 32．考查名词复数形式。句意：接下来，我将挑选一些中国建筑的典型代表，在这里介绍给大家。 “some”后接可数名词复数，“representation”的复数形式是“representations”，意为 “代表；典型”。故填representations。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：这座非凡的建筑群于1406年开始建造，于1420年完工，曾是24位皇帝的皇宫。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰“complex”，“complex” 与“complete”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词“completed”。故填completed。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫建筑群以其传统的中国建筑设计而闻名，以复杂的木雕结构、彩色屋顶和奉献的细节为特色。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语， 逻辑主语“The Palace complex”与“feature”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词“featuring”，意为 “以…… 为特色”。故填featuring。 35．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：紫禁城收藏了大量的艺术和文化文物，为了解中国丰富的历史提供了线索。此处为谓语动词的填入，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 “The Forbidden City”是第三人称单数，所以“house”（收藏；贮存）用第三人称单数形式 “houses”。故填houses。 36．考查定语从句。句意：长城由一座或多座城墙、堡垒和烽火台组成，沿长城建有天然屏障，其中一些至今仍屹立不倒。分析句子可知，“some of　　6　　are still standing today”是非限制性定语从句，先行词是“walls, fortresses (堡垒), and beacon towers (烽火台)”，指物，在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，所以用关系代词“which”。故填which。 37．考查冠词。句意：这个巨大的防御系统是军事建筑和民用工程的独特结合。根据句意以及空后 mixture为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一种独特的混合”，“unique”发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 38．考查形容词。句意：它提醒着我们国家丰富的历史和为保护我们的土地所做的无数努力。分析句子可知，这里需要一个形容词来修饰名词 “efforts”，“count” 的形容词形式 “countless” 表示“无数的；数不清的”。故填countless。 39．考查固定短语。句意：当你沿着城墙行走时，你会注意到每个堡垒都有自己的设计和用途，从监视敌人的行动到为旅行者提供避难所。“from...to...” 是固定短语，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 40．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：正如我们所看到的，在过去的几个世纪里，中国古代建筑创造了丰富多彩的艺术形象。根据“over the past centuries”可知，这是一个表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，常与现在完成时连用，此处也可为现在完成进行时，表示从过去持续到现在，并且还有可能继续下去。句子主语 “ancient Chinese architecture”是不可数名词，所以助动词用“has”。故填has created/ has been creating。 Passage 5 （2025年高二上·山东烟台·期末） Saihanba, 41 is situated in north China's Hebei Province, is a miracle as it has been transformed from wasteland to thick forest through the extraordinary efforts of three generations of Chinese people. Saihanba was home to plentiful forest resources and high biodiversity 400 years ago. With a cool summer and green vegetation, the area 42 (set) to be a royal retreat. However, massive deforestation destroyed the forest barrier, eventually turning it into a desert and resulting 43 frequent occurrences of sandstorms. To prevent sandstorms which kept 44 (strike) Beijing, the Forestry Administration decided in 1962 45 (establish)the Saihanba Forest Farm, and sent 369 foresters, mostly in their 20s, to the area for tree planting. The first foresters faced multiple challenges. 46 (equip) with only the simplest tools in extreme coldness and drought, they were unable to ensure the 47 (survive) of trees planted. Nevertheless, with joint efforts of three generations, Saihanba was restored and turned back into a paradise with a forest coverage raised from 11.4 percent to 80 percent, which can 48 (effective) conserve and purify (净化) 137 million cubic meters of water every year. The ground-breaking planting story of the foresters gives rise to 49 concept of the Saihanba Spirit, defined as working hard, advancing against difficulties and innovating daringly. As one of the largest man-made plantations worldwide, the Saihanba Afforestation Community won the honor of Champions of the Earth for their 50 (remark) green achievements. 【答案】41．which 42．was set 43．in 44．striking 45．to establish 46．Equipped 47．survival 48．effectively 49．the 50．remarkable 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了塞罕坝的发展变化。塞罕坝坐落于中国河北省北部，是荒原变成森林的奇迹。 41．考查定语从句。句意：塞罕坝位于中国北部的河北省，是一个奇迹，经过三代中国人的非凡努力，它从荒地变成了茂密的森林。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Saihanba”，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词“which”。故填which。 42．考查动词时态和语态。句意：凉爽的夏季和绿色的植被，该地区被设定为皇家度假胜地。根据“400 years ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，“the area”与“set”之间是被动关系，即这个地区被设为皇家休养地，“set”的过去分词是“set”，一般过去时的被动语态结构是 “was/were + 过去分词”，主语“the area”是单数，所以用“was set”。故填was set。 43．考查固定短语。句意：然而，大规模的森林砍伐破坏了森林屏障，最终将其变成了沙漠，导致沙尘暴频繁发生。“result in”是固定短语，意为“导致”。故填in。 44．考查动名词。句意：为了防止沙尘暴不断袭击北京，林业局于1962年决定建立塞罕坝林场，并派遣了369名20多岁的护林员到该地区植树。“keep doing sth.”是固定用法，意为“一直做某事”，所以“strike”要用动名词形式“striking”。故填striking。 45．考查动词不定式。句意：为了防止沙尘暴不断袭击北京，林业局于1962年决定建立塞罕坝林场，并派遣了369名20多岁的护林员到该地区植树。“decide to do sth.”是固定短语，意为 “决定做某事”，所以“establish” 要用动词不定式形式“to establish”。故填to establish。 46．考查非谓语动词。句意：在极端的寒冷和干旱中，他们只配备了最简单的工具，无法确保种植的树木存活。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作原因状语，逻辑主语“they”与“equip”之间是被动关系，表示“他们被配备了最简单的工具”，所以用过去分词“Equipped”。故填Equipped。 47．考查名词。句意：在极端的寒冷和干旱中，他们只配备了最简单的工具，无法确保种植的树木存活。由空前定冠词the可知，这里需要一个名词，“survive”的名词形式是“survival”，意为“生存；存活”。故填survival。 48．考查副词。句意：然而，在三代人的共同努力下，塞罕坝恢复原状，恢复了人间天堂的面貌，森林覆盖率从11.4%提高到80%，年有效涵养净化水1.37亿立方米。由副词修饰动词可知，这里需要一个副词来修饰动词 “conserve and purify”，“effective” 的副词形式是 “effectively”，意为“有效地”。故填effectively。 49．考查冠词。句意：林工们开创性的植树故事，孕育了塞罕坝精神的概念，即艰苦奋斗、迎难而进、大胆创新。根据句意可知，这里特指“塞罕坝精神”的概念，所以用定冠词“the”。故填the。 50．考查形容词。句意：作为世界上最大的人工人工林之一，塞罕坝造林社区因其卓越的绿色成就获得了“地球卫士”的荣誉。根据句意可知，这里需要一个形容词来修饰名词“achievements”，“remark”的形容词形式是 “remarkable”，意为“非凡的；显著的”。故填remarkable。 Passage 6 In East China’s Anhui province, a 2-meter-wide alley separates a pair of gray walls. At first glance it may seem insignificant. 51 , to those who know its history, Liuchi Alley in Tongcheng symbolizes much more than its initial appearance would suggest. In the Qing Dynasty, there were two families both with 52 (influence)members within the court of Emperor Kangxi. To the south was the Zhang family and to the north was the Wu family. But the two families had a fierce quarrel 53 (result)from the disagreement over the boundary between their houses. Unable to resolve it locally, the Zhangs asked their family member Zhang Ying, a trusted top official in the emperor’s court, 54 help. Zhang called for them to step back 1 meter from the boundary instead of 55 (back)them, which moved the two families so much that both did exactly that. A 2-meter-wide alley between the houses serving as the boundary 56 (bear)with the name Liuchi Alley, which originated from the Mandarin word for six and chi — a traditional Chinese unit of 57 (long)that corresponds to one-third of a meter. Nowadays, Liuchi Alley, one of the most famous 58 (attraction)in Tongcheng, stands as a model of harmonious and respectful neighbor relations in China, 59 illustrates the ancient wisdom of conflict resolution, inspiring people 60 (address)problems properly and foster a harmonious social environment.【答案】51．However 52．influential 53．resulting 54．for 55．backing 56．was born 57．length 58．attractions 59．which 60．to address 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了安徽桐城六尺巷礼让家风的故事，展示了中国古代解决矛盾的智慧和礼让的传统美德，传达了和谐与尊重的价值观。 51．考查副词。句意：然而，对于了解它历史的人来说，桐城的六尺巷所象征的意义远远超出了其外表所呈现的。此空前后句意存在转折关系，前句提到这条小巷乍看之下似乎微不足道，后句则强调对于那些了解其历史的人来说，六尺巷的象征意义远超过其外表。因此，此空应填转折副词however，表示“然而”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填However。 52．考查形容词。句意：在清朝，有两户人家在康熙皇帝的朝廷中都有颇有势力的人物。此空修饰名词members，应使用形容词作定语，influence的形容词形式为influential，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。 53．考查非谓语动词。句意：但这两家因为房屋边界问题产生了分歧，从而大吵了一架。此空为非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词quarrel，且quarrel与result from之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填resulting。 54．考查介词。句意：由于无法在当地解决纠纷，张家便向他们在皇宫中深受信任的高官张英求助。ask sb. for help为固定短语，意为“向某人求助”。故填for。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：张英非但没有偏袒他们，反而建议两家人都从边界后退一米，这一举动深深感动了两家人，于是他们都照做了。此空位于介词of之后，应使用动名词形式作宾语，back的动名词形式为backing。故填backing。 56．考查动词时态语态。句意：两栋房子之间形成了一条两米宽的小巷作为界限，这条小巷被命名为“六尺巷”，其名称来源于汉语中的“六”和“尺”——“尺”是中国传统的长度单位，相当于三分之一米。此句描述的是过去发生的事情，且主语alley与动词bear之间是被动关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was born。 57．考查名词。句意同上。此空位于介词of之后，应使用名词形式作宾语，long的名词形式为length，意为“长度”。故填length。 58．考查名词。句意：如今，六尺巷作为桐城最著名的景点之一，成为了中国和谐友善邻里关系的典范，它彰显了古代解决冲突的智慧，激励着人们妥善处理问题，营造和谐的社会环境。one of后接可数名词复数形式，表示“……之一”，attraction的复数形式为attractions。故填attractions。 59．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Liuchi Alley，指物，在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意同8小题。inspire sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“激励某人做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to address。 ( 17 / 17 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Back to the past (译林版2020选择必修第三册) 语法填空专练(词汇句式全考查100题) Ⅰ单句语法填空 1． (convince) that he himself had done nothing wrong, he refused to apologize. 2．Hawaii is a perfect (set) for romance with its pleasant climate and breathtaking scenery. 3．They found plenty of things to be delighted with, but nothing to be astonished ． 4．The length of this box is twice its (broad). 5．A number of local people have been arrested for trying to stop trucks loaded logs. 6．I try to convince him the reality of the danger. 7．Johnson’s speech won him a wide faithful audience and I was also of his opinions. (convince) 8．Last night a pipe broke, (leak) water all over the house. 9．They acknowledged （defeat）by us at last. 10．A (harmony) relationship is built on trust, understanding, and working together to solve problems peacefully. 11．When you feel (panic), you’d better take a deep breath and try to relax yourself. 12．The company’s innovative products are (influence) in nature, shaping industry trends. 13．Young people must study hard to improve the economy and (strength) our country. 14．The designer aimed to make the living room a (harmony) mix of modern and traditional elements. 15． (load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. 16．What (astonish) me was that the situation changed dramatically. 17．Nowadays those who fail to find jobs rely on their parents for (finance) assistance. 18．It (acknowledge) that it is human activity that has caused global warming. 19．There isn’t a (short) of carrots, so everybody doesn’t bother to grow them in their gardens. 20．The boy insisted that he (be) old enough, and (give) the right to make his own choice. 21．The misadventure is more likely (strong) his willpower. 22．The doctor decided to perform an operation the patient at once. 23．She needed solid (prove) of her claims, so she gathered documents and photographs to support her case. 24．She claims she was unfairly (dismiss) from her post. 25．To my disappointment, I haven’t received any (acknowledge) or reply to my application. 26．Historically, Chinese silk made its way to Rome even before the beginning of the Common Era (时代). The Silk Road (facilitate) the exchange of Chinese culture with the West, while Western culture found its way to the East. 27．When we arrived in the deep night, we found there was no food (availability) as all the shops were shut. 28．Parallelism as a device is the use of expressions, clauses or sentences that are similar in their structure. (literature) 29．In (compare)with western cuisine, I prefer traditional Chinese cooking. 30．The theater (pack) with movie-goers yesterday. 31．A great number of companies have been called on (adopt) more practical plans to address unemployment. 32．When the young athlete stepped onto the track, his heart was pounding (violent). However, he took a deep breath and then ran forward, chasing his dream with unwavering determination. 33．I (freeze) with terror as the door slowly opened. 34．He was (dress) as a woman. 35．There will be a scathing attack the government’s policies. 36．Her hair (hang) down to her waist. 37．I have got a (horror) feeling she lied to us. 38．He lost a lot of (bleed) in the accident. 39．This is a battleship (sink) by a torpedo. 40．There are 10 countries in Africa (severe) affected by the drought. Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。 Passage 1 Pearl Harbor is a U.S.naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, which was 1 scene of a destructive surprise attack by Japanese forces 2 December 7, 1941.Just before 8 a.m.that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked on the base, 3 they managed to destroy or damage nearly 20 American naval ships, 4 (include) eight battleships, and over 180 airplanes.More than 2,000 Americans 5 (die)in the attack, including common people, and another 1,000 people 6 (wound).The day after the attack, President Franklin D．Roosevelt asked Congress 7 (declare) war on Japan. During the Pearl Harbor Attack in 1941 the USS Arizona sank with a 8 (lose) of more than 1,000 men.A white concrete and steel structure now spans the remains of the 9 (sink) ship, which was dedicated as a 10 (nation) memorial on May 30, 1962.Present facilities at Pearl Harbor include a naval shipyard, supply centre, and submarine base. Passage 2 It was Sunday, December 7, 1941. It looked like it was going to be a normal day 11 board. Just then there was a huge crashing sound from above. The ship shook 12 (violent) and the crew looked at each other in horror. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. Moments later, a bomb 13 (hit) the USS Arizona. The surprise attack came as 14 great shock to the whole nation. The next day, President Roosevelt made his famous Pearl Harbor Speech, 15 (ask) the US Congress to declare war on Japan. In response to the attack and the president's address, the US joined World War II. Today, the USS Arizona lies 16 it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. 17 (it) location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship's 18 (sink) remains. Nearly 80 years has passed, 19 the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the darkest episodes in American history, will never 20 (forget). Passage 3 （2025年高二上·山东菏泽·期末） About 120 years ago, gold was discovered in the Yukon, in northern Canada. As a young man, Jack London joined the gold rush 21 journeyed from California to Alaska and the Yukon. Though, like most miners, he did not get rich 22 (look) for gold, he saw first-hand how dogs were a necessary part of travel in the far north. Some friends he met there had a large dog, particularly tough and healthy. This served as 23 (inspire) for the main dog character in London’s novel, The Call of the Wild. When he returned 24 California, London was unable to find a job. With Alaska fresh in 25 (he) mind, he tried to sell the story of his journey up north to several publishers and magazines, but no one seemed 26 (interest). Later, London wrote a short story about a dog in the far north who survived many adventures. This new story became extremely popular. It 27 (publish) in book format and has never been out of print since. The hero of London’s novel was Buck, a large family dog 28 (own) by a wealthy judge. Buck’s life was wonderful and happy, until he was stolen and sold to the men 29 took him to Canada, where he became a sled dog used for travel in the harsh Yukon winter. Today, the book is considered one of the most important 30 (novel) of American literature, and students in high school and college are often required to read it. Passage 4 Architecture is not only a technological science, but also an art form. In ancient Chinese architecture, the combination of art and 31 (wise) is a treasure left to us by our ancestors. Next, some typical 32 (representation) of Chinese architecture will be selected and introduced to you here. The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a magnificent landmark located in Beijing. This extraordinary complex, 33 (complete) in 1420 after starting construction in 1406, served as the royal palace for 24 emperors. The Palace complex is known for its traditional Chinese architecture design, 34 (feature) complicatedly carved wooden structures, colorful rooftops, and dedicate details. Within the Forbidden City, there are several main palaces and halls that are the focal points of the complex. The Forbidden City 35 (house) a vast collection of art and cultural artifacts that provide lights into the rich history of China. The Great Wall consists of one or more walls, fortresses (堡垒), and beacon towers (烽火台) along the Great Wall with natural barriers, some of 36 are still standing today. This giant defense system is 37 unique mixture of military architecture and civilian engineering. It’s a reminder of our country’s rich history and the 38 (count) efforts made to protect our land. As you walk along the wall, you’ll notice that each fortress has its own design and purpose, from monitoring enemy movements 39 providing refuge for travelers. As we can see, ancient Chinese architecture 40 (create) rich and colorful artistic images over the past centuries. Take action and feel the charm of our ancient Chinese architecture on your own. Passage 5 （2025年高二上·山东烟台·期末） Saihanba, 41 is situated in north China's Hebei Province, is a miracle as it has been transformed from wasteland to thick forest through the extraordinary efforts of three generations of Chinese people. Saihanba was home to plentiful forest resources and high biodiversity 400 years ago. With a cool summer and green vegetation, the area 42 (set) to be a royal retreat. However, massive deforestation destroyed the forest barrier, eventually turning it into a desert and resulting 43 frequent occurrences of sandstorms. To prevent sandstorms which kept 44 (strike) Beijing, the Forestry Administration decided in 1962 45 (establish)the Saihanba Forest Farm, and sent 369 foresters, mostly in their 20s, to the area for tree planting. The first foresters faced multiple challenges. 46 (equip) with only the simplest tools in extreme coldness and drought, they were unable to ensure the 47 (survive) of trees planted. Nevertheless, with joint efforts of three generations, Saihanba was restored and turned back into a paradise with a forest coverage raised from 11.4 percent to 80 percent, which can 48 (effective) conserve and purify (净化) 137 million cubic meters of water every year. The ground-breaking planting story of the foresters gives rise to 49 concept of the Saihanba Spirit, defined as working hard, advancing against difficulties and innovating daringly. As one of the largest man-made plantations worldwide, the Saihanba Afforestation Community won the honor of Champions of the Earth for their 50 (remark) green achievements. Passage 6 In East China’s Anhui province, a 2-meter-wide alley separates a pair of gray walls. At first glance it may seem insignificant. 51 , to those who know its history, Liuchi Alley in Tongcheng symbolizes much more than its initial appearance would suggest. In the Qing Dynasty, there were two families both with 52 (influence)members within the court of Emperor Kangxi. To the south was the Zhang family and to the north was the Wu family. But the two families had a fierce quarrel 53 (result)from the disagreement over the boundary between their houses. Unable to resolve it locally, the Zhangs asked their family member Zhang Ying, a trusted top official in the emperor’s court, 54 help. Zhang called for them to step back 1 meter from the boundary instead of 55 (back)them, which moved the two families so much that both did exactly that. A 2-meter-wide alley between the houses serving as the boundary 56 (bear)with the name Liuchi Alley, which originated from the Mandarin word for six and chi — a traditional Chinese unit of 57 (long)that corresponds to one-third of a meter. Nowadays, Liuchi Alley, one of the most famous 58 (attraction)in Tongcheng, stands as a model of harmonious and respectful neighbor relations in China, 59 illustrates the ancient wisdom of conflict resolution, inspiring people 60 (address)problems properly and foster a harmonious social environment. ( 5 / 5 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$