专题01 Unit 3 知识清单(含必备知识结构图&即时训练&单元词汇记忆表)--2024-2025学年高二英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020选择必修第三册)

Unit 3 Back to the past (译林版2020选择必修第三册) I. 必备知识结构图 II. 必备单词默写清单 1. ________ n. 宽度；广泛 2. ________ vt. & vi. 装上，装入 n. 负载；承载量；大量 3. ________ n. 航海日志，正式记录；原木vi. & vt. 伐木 4. ________ vi. 漏，渗漏；渗入vt. 漏，渗漏；泄露 n. 漏洞 5. ________ n. 惊恐，恐慌vi. & vt. (panicked, panicked) (使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 6. ________ adv. 不顾，不加理会 7. ________ adj. 盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的 8. ________ adv. 广阔地；广泛地 9. ________ vt. 使便利，促进 10. ________ adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的 11. ________ adj. 杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的 12. ________ vt. & vi. 塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包；包装 n. 包，包裹；小盒，小包 13. ________ adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 14. ________ n. 制服；队服adj. 一致的，统一的 15. ________ vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水n. 冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 16. ________ adv. 同时；其间；对比之下 17. ________ vt. 密谋，策划；使孵出vi. 孵化；孵出 18. ________ n. 阴谋；故事情节 vi. & vt. 密谋 19. ________ vi. & vt. (sank, sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 20. ________ vi. & vt. 企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 21. ________ vt. 改进，改良，改革n. 改革，改良 22. ________ n. 改变，转移；轮班vi. & vt. (使)移动，(使)转移；改变 【答案】 1. breadth 2. load 3. log 4. leak 5. panic 6. regardless 7. royal 8. extensively 9. facilitate 10. available 11. exceptional 12. pack 13. contrary 14. uniform 15. dive 16. meanwhile 17. hatch 18. plot 19. sink 20. pray 21. reform 22. shift 根据汉语提示或者首字母提示完成句子(单词拼写) 1. ________(恐慌) took hold of him and he couldn’t move. 【答案】Panic 【详解】考查名词。句意：他惊慌失措，动弹不得。本句缺少主语，所以空处应填名词，根据所给中文提示词，应是panic意为“恐慌”，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Panic。 2. After hearing her colleague’s ideas, she decided to a________ the suggestion to improve the workflow in the office. 【答案】adopt/dopt 【详解】考查动词。句意：听了同事的意见后，她决定采纳这个建议来改善办公室的工作流程。根据单词首字母以及句意可知，此处应用动词adopt，固定搭配decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，不定式作宾语。故填adopt。 3. When Tom heard the frightening sound, he f________ on the spot without moving any farther. 【答案】froze/roze 【详解】考查动词。句意：当汤姆听到那可怕的声音时，他僵在原地不动了。根据句意和首字母f可知，空格处应该用动词freeze“突然停止，呆住”作谓语；由上文的heard可知，描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填froze。 4. The weather was terrible but we carried on with the work r________. 【答案】regardless/egardless 【详解】考查副词。句意：天气很糟糕，但无论如何我们还是继续工作。根据首字母提示和The weather was terrible but we carried on with the work可知，这里表示虽然天气糟糕，但无论如何我们还是继续工作。regardless意为“不加理会，无论如何”，为副词，修饰谓语。故填regardless。 5. The fingerprints on the window were ________(证据，n.) that someone had broken in. 【答案】evidence/proofs 【详解】考查名词。句意：窗户上的指纹表明有人闯入了。根据句意和汉语提示可知，表示“证据”应填名词evidence或proof，作表语，evidence为不可数名词，用原形，proof为可数名词，用复数形式。故填evidence/proofs。 6. It is universally a________ that Internet plays a crucial role in modern society. 【答案】acknowledged/cknowledged 【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：普遍认为互联网在现代社会中发挥着至关重要的作用。结合句意以及首字母a可知，动词acknowledge“承认”符合句意；It作形式主语，that引导主语从句作真正主语，与acknowledge之间为被动关系，前有is，设空处填过去分词形式，构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填acknowledged。 7. Jim ________(坚持认为) that the book Mr. Black referred to was worth reading. 【答案】insisted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：吉姆坚持认为布莱克先生提到的那本书值得一读。根据汉语提示“坚持认为”可知，此处为动词insist，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填insisted。 8. Mary is busy p________ her bags for her trip to China in her room now. 【答案】packing/acking 【详解】考查动词。句意：玛丽正在房间里忙着收拾行李，准备去中国旅行。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用动词pack，且上文为短语be busy doing sth.。故填packing。 9. The train ________(轰隆隆移动) on, through the rolling hills. 【答案】thundered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：火车轰隆隆地驶过起伏的山丘。设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。根据汉语提示，表示“轰隆隆移动”用thunder。故填thundered。 10. Kids engaged with drama show greater l________(文学的) ability. 【答案】literary/iterary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：参与戏剧的孩子表现出更强的文学能力。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词literary，修饰名词ability，作定语。故填literary。 11. The report is ________(可用的) online for users worldwide to download the information easily. 【答案】available 【详解】考查形容词。句意：全球用户可在网上方便地下载该报告的信息。根据汉语提示和空格前的is可知，空格处应该用形容词available作表语。故填available。 12. Modern inventions and hi-tech gadgets f________(使便利) housework in many ways. 【答案】facilitate/acilitate 【详解】考查动词。句意：现代发明和高科技小工具在许多方面使家务变得方便。根据首字母和汉语提示“使便利”可知，本空用动词facilitate，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Modern inventions and hi-tech gadgets为复数，谓语用动词原形。故填facilitate。 13. He is a ________(队长) who leads by example, and therefore well-respected. 【答案】captain 【详解】考查名词。句意：他是一位以身作则的队长，因此备受尊敬。“队长”是captain，空前有a，空格处用单数，作表语。故填captain。 14. I hope this will c________(说服) you to change your mind. 【答案】convince/onvince 【详解】考查动词。句意：我希望这会说服你改变主意。“说服”且首字母为c的动词为convince，动词使用原形形式，与空前的will构成一般将来时，符合题意。故填convince。 15. The company is trying to find the source of the oil ________(泄露). 【答案】leak 【详解】考查名词。句意：公司正在尝试找出石油泄露的原因。“泄露” 应为 leak，名词作宾语，oil leak即 “石油泄露”，故填leak。 16. He ________(拖) the heavy case across the floor and went to the dormitory. 【答案】dragged 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他拖着沉重的箱子穿过地板，走进宿舍。根据汉语提示“拖”可知，此处应填动词drag作谓语，根据连词and和句中went可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，空处需填动词的过去式。故填dragged。 III. 核心单词拓展拔高 1. ________ vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说→________ adj. 坚信的，确信的→________ adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 2. ________ adj. 强壮的；坚强的；强烈的→________ n. 力量，力气 →________ vi. & vt. 加强，增强 3. ________ n. 和谐，协调，融洽→________ adj. 友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的 4. ________ vt. & linking-v. 证明；后来被发现是→________ n. 证据，证明 5. ________ vi. & vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说→________ n. 坚持 6. ________ vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇，解散→________ n. 解雇；开除；不予考虑→________ adj. 不屑一顾的；拒绝考虑的 7. ________ vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢→________ n. 承认；感谢 8. ________ n. 影响；支配力 vt. 影响；支配→________ adj. 有很大影响力的，有支配力的 9. ________ vt. 为……提供资金 n. 资金；财政；金融→________ adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的→________ adv. 财政上；金融上→________ n. 金融家；理财家 10. ________ vi. & vt. 离开，起程→________ n. 离开，出发；背离，违反 11. ________ vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊→________ n. 惊讶→________ adj. 令人十分惊讶的→________ adj. 感到惊讶的 12. ________ adj. 文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的→________ n. 文学 13. ________ vt. 采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi. 领养，收养→________ n. 收养，领养；采用→________ adj. 收养的，领养的 14. ________ v. 比较；对比；与……类似(或相似)→________ n. 比较；对比→________ adj. 比较的；相比的→________ adv. 比较地；相对地→________ adj. 可比较的；类似的→________ adv. 同等地；相似地 15. ________ adj. 暴力的；猛烈的，强烈的→________ adv. 猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地→________ n. 暴力，暴行 16. ________ adj. 随后的，后来的→________ adv. 随后，后来 17. ________ vi & vt. 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→________ adj. 极冷的；冰冻的→________ adj. 冷冻的，冷藏的；结冰的；吓呆的 18. ________ n. 血，血液；血统，出身→________ vi. 失血，流血 【答案】 1. convince; convinced; convincing 2. strong; strength; strengthen 3. harmony; harmonious 4. prove; proof 5. insist; insistence 6. dismiss; dismissal; dismissive 7. acknowledge; acknowledgement 8. influence; influential 9. finance; financial; financially; financier 10. depart; departure 11. astonish; astonishment; astonishing; astonished 12. literary; literature 13. adopt; adoption; adopted 14. compare; comparison; comparative; comparatively; comparable; comparably 15. violent; violently; violence 16. subsequent; subsequently 17. freeze; freezing; frozen 18. blood; bleed 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1. In ________(compare)with western cuisine, I prefer traditional Chinese cooking. 【答案】comparison 【详解】考查介词。句意：与西餐相比，我更喜欢传统的中国烹饪。此处作In的宾语，应用名词comparison“比较”，介词in 短语comparison with，意为“与……相比”。故填comparison。 2. A ________(harmony) relationship is built on trust, understanding, and working together to solve problems peacefully. 【答案】harmonious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：和谐的关系建立在信任、理解和共同努力和平解决问题的基础上。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，harmonious，表“和谐的”，符合句意。故填harmonious。 3. The security system of the company ________(strength) in the past few months. 【答案】has been strengthened 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：公司的安保系统在过去的几个月里得到了加强。设空处使用动词作谓语，strength的动词为strengthen。根据时间状语in the past few months，句子使用现在完成时态。而主语the security system of the company与动词strengthen之间是被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态，主谓一致。故填has been strengthened。 4. When you feel ________(panic), you’d better take a deep breath and try to relax yourself.、 【答案】panicked 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当你感到恐慌时，你最好深呼吸，试着放松自己。空处用形容词作表语，表示“感到惊慌的”，故填panicked。 5. The company’s innovative products are ________(influence) in nature, shaping industry trends. 【答案】influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该公司的创新产品本质上具有影响力，引领着行业趋势。此句中 “are” 为系动词，句子结构为主系表，所以空格处需要一个形容词作表语；所给词 “influence” 常见词性为名词(影响；作用) 和动词(影响；对…… 起作用) ，其形容词形式为 “influential”，意为 “有影响力的；有势力的”，符合语境。故填influential。 6. Young people must study hard to improve the economy and ________(strength) our country. 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：年轻人必须努力学习以改善经济并加强我们的国家。作谓语动词，需用动词形式strengthen，与improve并列，保持句子结构一致，用不定式作目的状语。故填strengthen。 7. ________(load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. 【答案】Loaded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：船队载着瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍品，先后对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，短语be loaded with意为“装载着”，load和the fleet逻辑上是被动关系，因此用load的过去分词形式，作状语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Loaded。 8. What ________(astonish) me was that the situation changed dramatically. 【答案】astonished 【详解】考查时态。句意：令我吃惊的是情况发生了巨大的变化。空格处是what引导的主语从句的谓语动词，由下文的was和changed可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填astonished。 9. Historically, Chinese silk made its way to Rome even before the beginning of the Common Era(时代). The Silk Road ________(facilitate) the exchange of Chinese culture with the West, while Western culture found its way to the East. 【答案】facilitated 【详解】考查时态。句意：从历史上看，中国的丝绸甚至在公元纪年开始之前就已经传到了罗马。丝绸之路促进了中国文化与西方文化的交流，同时西方文化也找到了通往东方的道路。facilitate(促进，推动)为谓语动词，根据语境和分句谓语made可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故填facilitated。 10. Nowadays those who fail to find jobs rely on their parents for ________(finance) assistance. 【答案】financial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如今，那些找不到工作的人依靠父母的经济援助。根据空后的名词assistance可知，此处使用形容词financial“财政的，金融的”，作定语。故填financial。 11. When the young athlete stepped onto the track, his heart was pounding ________(violent). However, he took a deep breath and then ran forward, chasing his dream with unwavering determination. 【答案】violently 【详解】考查副词。句意：当这位年轻的运动员踏上跑道时，他的心跳得很剧烈。不过，他深吸了一口气，然后向前跑去，怀着坚定不移的决心追逐着自己的梦想。根据空前pounding可知，此处需用副词来修饰动词pounding，形容词violent的副词形式为violently，意为 “剧烈的，猛烈地”，描述这位年轻运动员心跳得很剧烈的状态，符合语境要求。故填violently。 12. It ________(acknowledge) that it is human activity that has caused global warming. 【答案】is acknowledged 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：众所周知，是人类活动导致了全球变暖。此处考查固定句型 It is + 过去分词 + that...，表示 “人们公认……；据认为……”，acknowledge 与 It 之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态形式，结合语境可知用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is acknowledged。 13. There isn’t a ________(short) of carrots, so everybody doesn’t bother to grow them in their gardens. 【答案】shortage 【详解】考查名词。句意：胡萝卜并不短缺，所以每个人都懒得在自己的花园里种胡萝卜。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词shortage，a shortage of为固定搭配，意为“短缺”。故填shortage。 14. I ________(freeze) with terror as the door slowly opened. 【答案】froze 【详解】考查时态。句意：门慢慢打开时，我吓得僵住了。根据后文opened可知为一般过去时。故填froze。 15. One idea is that sleep can be helpful for us to ________(strong) new memories. 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：有一种观点认为睡眠对增强新记忆有帮助。 不定式符号to后接动词原形(be helpful for sb to do)，strong的动词为strengthen。故填strengthen。 IV. 重点短语默写清单 1. ________________ 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了  2. ________________ 坚持做某事  3. ________________ 恐慌地  4. ________________ 不管，不顾  5. ________________ 使成为可能；考虑到， 把……计算在内 6. ________________ 游览……  7. ________________ 到访；踏入；进入  8. ________________ 使接触，使暴露于 9. ________________ 起航；开船　　  10. ________________ 传递；传给  11. ________________ 像往常一样  12. ________________ 给某人穿衣服  13. ________________ 笼罩  14. ________________ 苏醒；恢复知觉  15. ________________ 对……宣战 16. ________________ 惊恐地  17. ________________ 与某人取得联系  18. ________________ 畅所欲言，打开  19. ________________ 对……作出反应  20. ________________ 导致，引起  【答案】 1. on behalf of 2. insist on doing sth. 3. in panic 4. regardless of 5. allow for 6. pay a visit to. . . 7. set foot 8. expose. . . to. . . 9. set sail 10. pass on 11. as usual 12. dress sb. in sth. 13. hang over 14. come to oneself 15. declare war on/against 16. in horror 17. get in touch with sb. 18. open up 19. in response to 20. bring about 用方框内所给短语完成句子。 subsequent, go on a voyage, on behalf of, insist on, a fleet of, a shortage of, in breadth, keep a log of, regardless of, allow for 1. I am so honored to speak here ________ all my classmates to thank you for all your help. 2. He said it didn’t matter, but I ________ paying for the damage. 3. There will never be ________ people who consider themselves uniquely qualified to be president of the United States. 4. ________ the bad weather, he managed to go to school on time. 5. Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a ________ report. 6. We have to ________ the possibility that we might not finish this project on schedule. 7. But when they heard that the city was now safe again, they arranged ________ buses and came back together. 8. The new couple planned to ________ to celebrate their honeymoon. 9. I have also decided to ________ what I do and when I do it. 10. How dare you swim in this river? I guess it is at least 30 feet ________! 【答案】 1. on behalf of 2. insisted on 3. a shortage of 4. Regardless of 5. subsequent 6. allow for 7. a fleet of 8. go on a voyage 9. keep a log of 10. in breadth 【解析】 1. 考查固定短语。句意：我很荣幸在这里代表我所有的同学感谢你们的帮助。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语on behalf of，意为“代表”，符合语意。故填on behalf of。 2. 考查固定短语。句意：他说没关系，但我坚持要赔偿损失。分析句子可知，此处应用动词作谓语，结合语意可知，insist on“坚持”是动词短语，insist过去式为insisted，符合语意，此处应用一般过去时。故填insisted on。 3. 考查固定短语。句意：认为自己有资格成为美国总统的人绝不会少。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语a shortage of，意为“缺乏”，符合语意。故填a shortage of。 4. 考查固定短语。句意：尽管天气不好，他还是设法按时上学了。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语regardless of，意为“尽管”，符合语意。故填Regardless of。 5. 考查形容词。句意：这个问题的发展将在以后的报告中处理。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作定语修饰空处后名词report，subsequent“之后的”是形容词，符合语意。故填subsequent。 6. 考查固定短语。句意：我们必须考虑到我们可能不能按期完成这个项目的可能性。分析句子可知，此处应用动词非谓语形式，由空处前的to为动词不定式可知，此处应用动词原形，allow for“考虑到”为动词短语，符合语意。故填allow for。 7. 考查固定短语。句意：但是当他们听说这个城市现在又安全了，他们安排了一队公共汽车，一起回来了。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语a fleet of，意为“一队”，符合语意。故填a fleet of。 8. 考查固定短语。句意：这对新婚夫妇计划去旅行庆祝他们的蜜月。分析句子可知，此处应用动词的非谓语形式作宾语，空处前的to为不定式，故空处应用动词原形，go on a voyage“去旅行”为动词短语，符合语意。故填go on a voyage。9. 考查固定短语。句意：我还决定记录下我做了什么以及什么时候做的。分析句子可知，此处应用动词非谓语形式作宾语，空处前的to为不定式，故此处应用动词原形，keep a log of“记录”，符合语意。故填keep a log of。 10. 考查固定短语。句意：你怎么敢在这条河里游泳？我猜它至少有30英尺宽！分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语in breadth，意为“在宽度方面”，符合语意。故填in breadth。 Ⅴ.课文重点句型应用 1.with复合结构 A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, ________________________, which was a splendid scene.  由200多艘船组成的船队在蓝色的大海上航行,船上有近28 000人,场面极其壮观。  2.keep+宾语+宾语补足语 Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed to ________________________ with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.  不顾所有挑战,哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。 3.as引导非限制性定语从句 Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—________________________.  凡取得伟大发现的人,往往必须战胜重重磨难——就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布那样。 4. the only...to do Out of 37 sets of brothers, Russell and his brother were ________________________ the attack. 在(船上的)37对兄弟中,拉塞尔和他的兄弟是唯一在那次袭击中幸存下来的一对。 【答案】 1. with almost 28,000 people on board 2. keep everyone out of danger 3. as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus 4. the only full pair to survive 完成句子 1. 有这么多的书要读，我没时间跟你闲聊。 ________________________, I have no time to chat with you. (with复合结构) 【答案】With so many books to read 【详解】考查with复合结构。“有这么多的书要读”可以用with复合结构表示，“这么多的书”是so many books，作介词with的宾语，“读”是read，此处表示未来发生的动作用不定式作补足语。故填With so many books to read。 2. 正如大家所知, 积极性是影响学习效果的重要因素。(as引导非限制性定语从句) ________________________, motivation is an important factor affecting the learning effect. 【答案】As all of us know/As we all know 【详解】考查定语从句。根据提示，此处用As作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句, 在从句中作know(知道)的宾语, 表示“正如”。表示“大家”可用all of us或we all。故填As all of us know/As we all know。 3. 既然大家都知道真相了，只好去面对。 ________________________ everyone knew the truth, the only thing to do was to face it. 【答案】Now that 【详解】考查原因状语从句。分析句子可知，句子为原因状语从句，根据句意“既然”可知，应用“now that”引导从句，意为“既然”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Now that。 4. 从火车车窗往外看，加拿大的山脉和森林非常多。(see from，过去分词短语作状语) ________________________, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 【答案】Seen from the train window/the window of the train 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“从……看”应用see from，且与the mountains and forests of Canada构成被动关系，故用过去分词短语作状语；表示“火车车窗”短语为the train window/the window of the train，首字母大写。故填Seen from the train window/the window of the train。 5. 我想采访杨利伟的原因是他对中国的发展做出了巨大贡献。(定语从句；表语从句) ________________________ Yang Liwei is ________________________ the development of China. 【答案】The reason why I want to interview; that he has made great contributions to 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。根据句意可知，空1：此处意为“我想采访杨利伟的原因”，表达为the reason why I want to interview，此处why引导定语从句，修饰先行词The reason，why代替先行词在定语从句中作原因状语，且根据后文is可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填The reason why I want to interview；空2：此处意为“他已经对……做出了巨大贡献”，表达为that he has made great contributions to，此处that引导表语从句，从句中意为“他做出了巨大的贡献”，故此处暗含过去发生的动作对现在有影响，使用现在完成时，主语是he，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，即that he has made great contributions to。故填①The reason why I want to interview，②that he has made great contributions to。 6. 这背后的一个关键原因是：一部电影通常不到两个小时，而一本书通常需要几天才能读完。(that引导的表语从句) One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually ________________________, a movie typically lasts under two hours. 【答案】takes a few days to read 【详解】考查固定短语、时态。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“需要几天才能读完”。分析句子结构可知，系动词is后为that引导的表语从句。表语从句中：表示“花费时间做某事”用“take+时间+to do sth.”，结合语境和is可知，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为a book，故谓语用第三人称单数形式takes。表示“几天”用a few days，作takes的宾语。表示“读”用read，故本句用不定式to read。故填takes a few days to read。 7. 我们得非常敏感，并且与医生和护士们密切合作，他们会为我们提供每一位病人的最新情况。(keep+宾语+宾语补足语) ________________________________________________ 【答案】We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient. 【详解】考查形容词、固定搭配、副词、名词、定语从句和非谓语动词。句子主语为“我们”，应该用we。“敏感”和“合作”应该作谓语。表示“敏感的”，应该用形容词sensitive。作谓语，前面应加be。表示“和……合作”，可以用work with sb.。表示“密切地”，可以用副词closely，修饰动词work。表示“医生和护士们”，应该用doctors and nurses。表示“他们会为我们提供每一位病人的最新情况”，可以用定语从句。先行词为doctors and nurses。引导词在从句中作主语，指人，应该用who引导从句。在从句中，根据所给提示，应该用keep+宾语+宾语补足语结构。表示“向……提供最新信息”，可用动词update。keep的宾语应为us。us和update之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词作宾语补足语。表示“病人”，应该用名词patient。整个句子可用一般现在时态。故翻译为：We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient。 8. 他是一个有责任心、品德高尚的人，值得大家尊敬。(运用了现在分词作状语) ________________________________________________ 【答案】He is a person with responsibility and good and high morals, deserving to be respected by everyone. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、名词。表示“他”用he，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“是”用be，本句描述一般事实，且主语为He，be动词用is。表示“人”用person，此处泛指“一个有责任心、品德高尚的人”，且person以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，a person作表语。表示“伴有”用介词with。表示“责任心”用名词responsibility；表示“品德高尚”用good and high morals，二者为并列关系，用连词and连接，作with的宾语。表示“值得”用deserve，与主语He为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。表示“尊敬”用respect，与主语He为被动关系，用不定式的被动形式，作deserving的宾语，用by引出发出动作者，表示“每个人”用everyone，作by的宾语。故翻译为He is a person with responsibility and good and high morals, deserving to be respected by everyone. VI.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading In the summer of 1405, Zheng He, one of China’s greatest explorers, set out on his 1.________(one) voyage. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He represented the Ming Dynasty and made seven voyages. His fleet, 2.________(load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, visited more than 30 countries and regions. Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and its neighbours. His efforts helped develop and 3.________(strength) harmonious relations with the countries and regions where he set foot, 4.________(expose) foreigners to Chinese culture, and giving Chinese people 5.________ better understanding of overseas lands. Zheng He’s achievements are now widely acknowledged and he 6.________(consider) to be one of China’s most influential explorers.   Columbus insisted 7.________ finding a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. Despite all the challenges, Columbus succeeded in keeping everyone out of danger with his knowledge and courage. Finally, the crew spotted land in the 8.________(distant). His voyages marked the beginning of the Age of Exploration 9.________ witnessed many important geographical 10.________(discover). The period also promoted the international exchange of ideas and cultures. 【答案】 1. first 2. loaded 3. strengthen 4. exposing 5. a 6. is considered 7. on/upon 8. distance 9. that/which 10. discoveries 2. Extended reading Pearl Harbor is a U. S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, which was 1.________ scene of a destructive surprise attack by Japanese forces 2.________ December 7, 1941.Just before 8 a. m. that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked on the base, 3.________ they managed to destroy or damage nearly 20 American naval ships, 4.________(include) eight battleships, and over 180 airplanes. More than 2,000 Americans 5.________(die)in the attack and over 1,000 others 6.________(wound).The day after the attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress 7.________(declare) war on Japan.  　　During the Pearl Harbor Attack in 1941,the USS Arizona sank with a 8.________(lose) of more than 1,000 men. A white concrete and steel structure now spans the remains of the 9.________(sink) ship, which was dedicated as a 10.________(nation) memorial on May 30, 1962.Present facilities at Pearl Harbor include a naval shipyard, supply centre, and submarine base.  【答案】 1. the 2. on 3. where 4. including 5. died 6. were wounded 7. to declare 8. loss 9. sunken/sunk 10. national 附:单元词汇记忆表 breadth n. 宽度；广泛 convince vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说　 *voyage n. 航海，航行，航天vi. 航行，远行　 *fleet n. 舰队；捕鱼船队；车队 *navigate vt. 航行；导航vi. 导航　 on behalf of 代表(或代替) ；为帮助；为了 load vt. & vi. 装上，装入n. 负载；承载量；大量　 *compass n. 罗盘，指南针；圆规 log n. 航海日志，正式记录；原木vi. & vt. 伐木 strengthen vt. & vi. 加强，增强 harmonious adj. 友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的　 dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对…不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散　 proof n. 证据，证明　 acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位) ；承认(属实) ；(公开) 感谢　 influential adj. 有很大影响力的，有支配力的　 insist vi. & vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说　 route n. 路线，路途；途径，渠道 financial adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的　 depart vi. & vt. 离开，起程 　 shortage n. 不足，短缺 　 leak vi. 漏，渗漏；渗入vt. 漏，渗漏；泄露n. 漏洞　 panic n. 惊恐，恐慌vi. & vt. (panicked, panicked)(使) 惊慌，(使) 惊慌失措　 regardless adv. 不顾，不加理会 regardless of 不管，不顾　 shore n. 岸，滨 subsequent adj. 随后的，后来的　 captain n. 船长，机长；上校；队长 allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，把…计算在内　 kingdom n. 王国；管辖范围　 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊 royal adj. 盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的　 *tomb n. 坟墓　 literary adj. 文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的　 extensively adv. 广阔地；广泛地 facilitate vt. 使便利，促进 sort out 理顺，整理；把…安排好 available adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的 prison n. 监狱 minister n. 大臣，部长 exceptional adj. 杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的 phrase n. 成语，习语；短语，词组　 format n. 总体安排，设计；版式 shelf n.(pl.shelves)(书架等的) 架子，搁板 adopt vt. 采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养vi. 领养，收养 comparison n. 对比；比较 pack vt. & vi. 塞进，挤进；装(箱) ，收拾；打包；包装n. 包，包裹；小盒，小包 　 contrary adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的　 contrary to 与…相反　 *hell n. 地狱；苦难的经历，悲惨的境况 aboard prep. & adv. 在(车、船、飞机等) 上，上(车、船、飞机等) 　 *rub vt. & vi. 擦，磨，搓；(使) 相互摩擦 washroom n. 洗手间，厕所　 uniform n. 制服；队服adj. 一致的，统一的 violently adv. 猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地　 eagle n. 雕　 dive vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水n. 冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 thunder vi. 轰隆隆地响；打雷n. 雷，雷声 freeze vi. & vt. (froze, frozen) 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵　 *deck n. 甲板，舱面 meanwhile adv. 同时；其间；对比之下　 drag vt. 拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 chaos n. 混乱，杂乱 navy n. 海军，海军部队 bleed vi. (bled, bled) 失血，流血　 hatch vt. 密谋，策划；使孵出vi. 孵化；孵出　 plot n. 阴谋；故事情节vi. & vt. 密谋　 *infamy n. 臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶　 sink vi. & vt. (sank, sunk) 下沉，沉没；坐下；降低　 memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等) ； 纪念物　 pray vi. & vt. 企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 episode n. 一段经历，片段；一集 *textile n. 纺织品；(textiles) 纺织业　 reform vt. 改进，改良，改革n. 改革，改良　 output n. 产量，输出量 cloth n. 织物，布料 shift n. 改变，转移；轮班vi. & vt.(使) 移动，(使) 转移；改变 cottage n. 小屋，村舍 　 cottage industry 家庭手工业　 ( 11 / 15 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Back to the past (译林版2020选择必修第三册) I. 必备知识结构图 II. 必备单词默写清单 1. ________ n. 宽度；广泛 2. ________ vt. & vi. 装上，装入 n. 负载；承载量；大量 3. ________ n. 航海日志，正式记录；原木vi. & vt. 伐木 4. ________ vi. 漏，渗漏；渗入vt. 漏，渗漏；泄露 n. 漏洞 5. ________ n. 惊恐，恐慌vi. & vt. (panicked, panicked) (使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 6. ________ adv. 不顾，不加理会 7. ________ adj. 盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的 8. ________ adv. 广阔地；广泛地 9. ________ vt. 使便利，促进 10. ________ adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的 11. ________ adj. 杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的 12. ________ vt. & vi. 塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包；包装 n. 包，包裹；小盒，小包 13. ________ adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 14. ________ n. 制服；队服adj. 一致的，统一的 15. ________ vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水n. 冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 16. ________ adv. 同时；其间；对比之下 17. ________ vt. 密谋，策划；使孵出vi. 孵化；孵出 18. ________ n. 阴谋；故事情节 vi. & vt. 密谋 19. ________ vi. & vt. (sank, sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 20. ________ vi. & vt. 企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 21. ________ vt. 改进，改良，改革n. 改革，改良 22. ________ n. 改变，转移；轮班vi. & vt. (使)移动，(使)转移；改变 根据汉语提示或者首字母提示完成句子(单词拼写) 1. ________(恐慌) took hold of him and he couldn’t move. 2. After hearing her colleague’s ideas, she decided to a________ the suggestion to improve the workflow in the office. 3. When Tom heard the frightening sound, he f________ on the spot without moving any farther. 4. The weather was terrible but we carried on with the work r________. 5. The fingerprints on the window were ________(证据，n.) that someone had broken in. 6. It is universally a________ that Internet plays a crucial role in modern society. 7. Jim ________(坚持认为) that the book Mr. Black referred to was worth reading. 8. Mary is busy p________ her bags for her trip to China in her room now. 9. The train ________(轰隆隆移动) on, through the rolling hills. 10. Kids engaged with drama show greater l________(文学的) ability. 11. The report is ________(可用的) online for users worldwide to download the information easily. 12. Modern inventions and hi-tech gadgets f________(使便利) housework in many ways. 13. He is a ________(队长) who leads by example, and therefore well-respected. 14. I hope this will c________(说服) you to change your mind. 15. The company is trying to find the source of the oil ________(泄露). 16. He ________(拖) the heavy case across the floor and went to the dormitory. III. 核心单词拓展拔高 1. ________ vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说→________ adj. 坚信的，确信的→________ adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 2. ________ adj. 强壮的；坚强的；强烈的→________ n. 力量，力气 →________ vi. & vt. 加强，增强 3. ________ n. 和谐，协调，融洽→________ adj. 友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的 4. ________ vt. & linking-v. 证明；后来被发现是→________ n. 证据，证明 5. ________ vi. & vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说→________ n. 坚持 6. ________ vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇，解散→________ n. 解雇；开除；不予考虑→________ adj. 不屑一顾的；拒绝考虑的 7. ________ vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢→________ n. 承认；感谢 8. ________ n. 影响；支配力 vt. 影响；支配→________ adj. 有很大影响力的，有支配力的 9. ________ vt. 为……提供资金 n. 资金；财政；金融→________ adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的→________ adv. 财政上；金融上→________ n. 金融家；理财家 10. ________ vi. & vt. 离开，起程→________ n. 离开，出发；背离，违反 11. ________ vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊→________ n. 惊讶→________ adj. 令人十分惊讶的→________ adj. 感到惊讶的 12. ________ adj. 文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的→________ n. 文学 13. ________ vt. 采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi. 领养，收养→________ n. 收养，领养；采用→________ adj. 收养的，领养的 14. ________ v. 比较；对比；与……类似(或相似)→________ n. 比较；对比→________ adj. 比较的；相比的→________ adv. 比较地；相对地→________ adj. 可比较的；类似的→________ adv. 同等地；相似地 15. ________ adj. 暴力的；猛烈的，强烈的→________ adv. 猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地→________ n. 暴力，暴行 16. ________ adj. 随后的，后来的→________ adv. 随后，后来 17. ________ vi & vt. 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→________ adj. 极冷的；冰冻的→________ adj. 冷冻的，冷藏的；结冰的；吓呆的 18. ________ n. 血，血液；血统，出身→________ vi. 失血，流血 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1. In ________(compare)with western cuisine, I prefer traditional Chinese cooking. 2. A ________(harmony) relationship is built on trust, understanding, and working together to solve problems peacefully. 3. The security system of the company ________(strength) in the past few months. 4. When you feel ________(panic), you’d better take a deep breath and try to relax yourself.、 5. The company’s innovative products are ________(influence) in nature, shaping industry trends. 6. Young people must study hard to improve the economy and ________(strength) our country. 7. ________(load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. 8. What ________(astonish) me was that the situation changed dramatically. 9. Historically, Chinese silk made its way to Rome even before the beginning of the Common Era(时代). The Silk Road ________(facilitate) the exchange of Chinese culture with the West, while Western culture found its way to the East. 10. Nowadays those who fail to find jobs rely on their parents for ________(finance) assistance. 11. When the young athlete stepped onto the track, his heart was pounding ________(violent). However, he took a deep breath and then ran forward, chasing his dream with unwavering determination. 12. It ________(acknowledge) that it is human activity that has caused global warming. 13. There isn’t a ________(short) of carrots, so everybody doesn’t bother to grow them in their gardens. 14. I ________(freeze) with terror as the door slowly opened. 15. One idea is that sleep can be helpful for us to ________(strong) new memories. IV. 重点短语默写清单 1. ________________ 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了  2. ________________ 坚持做某事  3. ________________ 恐慌地  4. ________________ 不管，不顾  5. ________________ 使成为可能；考虑到， 把……计算在内 6. ________________ 游览……  7. ________________ 到访；踏入；进入  8. ________________ 使接触，使暴露于 9. ________________ 起航；开船　　  10. ________________ 传递；传给  11. ________________ 像往常一样  12. ________________ 给某人穿衣服  13. ________________ 笼罩  14. ________________ 苏醒；恢复知觉  15. ________________ 对……宣战 16. ________________ 惊恐地  17. ________________ 与某人取得联系  18. ________________ 畅所欲言，打开  19. ________________ 对……作出反应  20. ________________ 导致，引起  用方框内所给短语完成句子。 subsequent, go on a voyage, on behalf of, insist on, a fleet of, a shortage of, in breadth, keep a log of, regardless of, allow for 1. I am so honored to speak here ________ all my classmates to thank you for all your help. 2. He said it didn’t matter, but I ________ paying for the damage. 3. There will never be ________ people who consider themselves uniquely qualified to be president of the United States. 4. ________ the bad weather, he managed to go to school on time. 5. Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a ________ report. 6. We have to ________ the possibility that we might not finish this project on schedule. 7. But when they heard that the city was now safe again, they arranged ________ buses and came back together. 8. The new couple planned to ________ to celebrate their honeymoon. 9. I have also decided to ________ what I do and when I do it. 10. How dare you swim in this river? I guess it is at least 30 feet ________! Ⅴ.课文重点句型应用 1.with复合结构 A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, ________________________, which was a splendid scene.  由200多艘船组成的船队在蓝色的大海上航行,船上有近28 000人,场面极其壮观。  2.keep+宾语+宾语补足语 Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed to ________________________ with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.  不顾所有挑战,哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。 3.as引导非限制性定语从句 Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—________________________.  凡取得伟大发现的人,往往必须战胜重重磨难——就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布那样。 4. the only...to do Out of 37 sets of brothers, Russell and his brother were ________________________ the attack. 在(船上的)37对兄弟中,拉塞尔和他的兄弟是唯一在那次袭击中幸存下来的一对。 完成句子 1. 有这么多的书要读，我没时间跟你闲聊。 ________________________, I have no time to chat with you. (with复合结构) 2. 正如大家所知, 积极性是影响学习效果的重要因素。(as引导非限制性定语从句) ________________________, motivation is an important factor affecting the learning effect. 3. 既然大家都知道真相了，只好去面对。 ________________________ everyone knew the truth, the only thing to do was to face it. 4. 从火车车窗往外看，加拿大的山脉和森林非常多。(see from，过去分词短语作状语) ________________________, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 5. 我想采访杨利伟的原因是他对中国的发展做出了巨大贡献。(定语从句；表语从句) ________________________ Yang Liwei is ________________________ the development of China. 6. 这背后的一个关键原因是：一部电影通常不到两个小时，而一本书通常需要几天才能读完。(that引导的表语从句) One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually ________________________, a movie typically lasts under two hours. 7. 我们得非常敏感，并且与医生和护士们密切合作，他们会为我们提供每一位病人的最新情况。(keep+宾语+宾语补足语) ________________________________________________ 8. 他是一个有责任心、品德高尚的人，值得大家尊敬。(运用了现在分词作状语) ________________________________________________ VI.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading In the summer of 1405, Zheng He, one of China’s greatest explorers, set out on his 1.________(one) voyage. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He represented the Ming Dynasty and made seven voyages. His fleet, 2.________(load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, visited more than 30 countries and regions. Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and its neighbours. His efforts helped develop and 3.________(strength) harmonious relations with the countries and regions where he set foot, 4.________(expose) foreigners to Chinese culture, and giving Chinese people 5.________ better understanding of overseas lands. Zheng He’s achievements are now widely acknowledged and he 6.________(consider) to be one of China’s most influential explorers.   Columbus insisted 7.________ finding a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. Despite all the challenges, Columbus succeeded in keeping everyone out of danger with his knowledge and courage. Finally, the crew spotted land in the 8.________(distant). His voyages marked the beginning of the Age of Exploration 9.________ witnessed many important geographical 10.________(discover). The period also promoted the international exchange of ideas and cultures. 2. Extended reading Pearl Harbor is a U. S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, which was 1.________ scene of a destructive surprise attack by Japanese forces 2.________ December 7, 1941.Just before 8 a. m. that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked on the base, 3.________ they managed to destroy or damage nearly 20 American naval ships, 4.________(include) eight battleships, and over 180 airplanes. More than 2,000 Americans 5.________(die)in the attack and over 1,000 others 6.________(wound).The day after the attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress 7.________(declare) war on Japan.  　　During the Pearl Harbor Attack in 1941,the USS Arizona sank with a 8.________(lose) of more than 1,000 men. A white concrete and steel structure now spans the remains of the 9.________(sink) ship, which was dedicated as a 10.________(nation) memorial on May 30, 1962.Present facilities at Pearl Harbor include a naval shipyard, supply centre, and submarine base.  附:单元词汇记忆表 breadth n. 宽度；广泛 convince vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说　 *voyage n. 航海，航行，航天vi. 航行，远行　 *fleet n. 舰队；捕鱼船队；车队 *navigate vt. 航行；导航vi. 导航　 on behalf of 代表(或代替) ；为帮助；为了 load vt. & vi. 装上，装入n. 负载；承载量；大量　 *compass n. 罗盘，指南针；圆规 log n. 航海日志，正式记录；原木vi. & vt. 伐木 strengthen vt. & vi. 加强，增强 harmonious adj. 友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的　 dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对…不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散　 proof n. 证据，证明　 acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位) ；承认(属实) ；(公开) 感谢　 influential adj. 有很大影响力的，有支配力的　 insist vi. & vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说　 route n. 路线，路途；途径，渠道 financial adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的　 depart vi. & vt. 离开，起程 　 shortage n. 不足，短缺 　 leak vi. 漏，渗漏；渗入vt. 漏，渗漏；泄露n. 漏洞　 panic n. 惊恐，恐慌vi. & vt. (panicked, panicked)(使) 惊慌，(使) 惊慌失措　 regardless adv. 不顾，不加理会 regardless of 不管，不顾　 shore n. 岸，滨 subsequent adj. 随后的，后来的　 captain n. 船长，机长；上校；队长 allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，把…计算在内　 kingdom n. 王国；管辖范围　 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊 royal adj. 盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的　 *tomb n. 坟墓　 literary adj. 文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的　 extensively adv. 广阔地；广泛地 facilitate vt. 使便利，促进 sort out 理顺，整理；把…安排好 available adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的 prison n. 监狱 minister n. 大臣，部长 exceptional adj. 杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的 phrase n. 成语，习语；短语，词组　 format n. 总体安排，设计；版式 shelf n.(pl.shelves)(书架等的) 架子，搁板 adopt vt. 采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养vi. 领养，收养 comparison n. 对比；比较 pack vt. & vi. 塞进，挤进；装(箱) ，收拾；打包；包装n. 包，包裹；小盒，小包 　 contrary adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的　 contrary to 与…相反　 *hell n. 地狱；苦难的经历，悲惨的境况 aboard prep. & adv. 在(车、船、飞机等) 上，上(车、船、飞机等) 　 *rub vt. & vi. 擦，磨，搓；(使) 相互摩擦 washroom n. 洗手间，厕所　 uniform n. 制服；队服adj. 一致的，统一的 violently adv. 猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地　 eagle n. 雕　 dive vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水n. 冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 thunder vi. 轰隆隆地响；打雷n. 雷，雷声 freeze vi. & vt. (froze, frozen) 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵　 *deck n. 甲板，舱面 meanwhile adv. 同时；其间；对比之下　 drag vt. 拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 chaos n. 混乱，杂乱 navy n. 海军，海军部队 bleed vi. (bled, bled) 失血，流血　 hatch vt. 密谋，策划；使孵出vi. 孵化；孵出　 plot n. 阴谋；故事情节vi. & vt. 密谋　 *infamy n. 臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶　 sink vi. & vt. (sank, sunk) 下沉，沉没；坐下；降低　 memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等) ； 纪念物　 pray vi. & vt. 企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 episode n. 一段经历，片段；一集 *textile n. 纺织品；(textiles) 纺织业　 reform vt. 改进，改良，改革n. 改革，改良　 output n. 产量，输出量 cloth n. 织物，布料 shift n. 改变，转移；轮班vi. & vt.(使) 移动，(使) 转移；改变 cottage n. 小屋，村舍 　 cottage industry 家庭手工业　 ( 7 / 9 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$