专题03.动词分类、动词时态、语态、非谓语动词精讲（外研版）-2025届中考英语总复习（外研版）

专题03.动词分类、动词时态、语态、非谓语动词精讲 动词分类 一．动词分类易错点 （1）I don't have lunch at home. Neither do you. （前后主语不一样，Neither do you 主谓倒装） I have been here an hour. So have you. （前后主语不一样，Neither do you 主谓倒装） A —I bought a new book ,Tom. B —So you did.(I 和 you 指同一个人，主谓不倒装) （2） 初中重点动词短语 四个 to 后接—ing 形式的短语（to 在该短语中作介词用） prefer doing sth.to doing sth.—prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. like ... better than.----prefer to do sth. be used to doing (习惯于...） used to do （过去通常） be used to do （被用来做...） look forward to doing 盼望 make a contribution to doing 采取措施/为......做贡献 （3） 人花费 spend... (in) doing sth 。spend on sth 。pay... for... 。 物花费 It takes... to do cost cost 价值 （4） 动词+介词get over 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如： This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×) This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√) （5） 动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类： A．动词（vt.）+副词 1．put on 穿上 2．take off 脱下 3．write down 记下 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能 放在副词的前面。 二．动词分类常考点 考点一：动词的分类 a. 按功能分：⑴ 系动词 ⑵ 助动词 ⑶ 情态动词 ⑷ 实义动词 b. 按成分分：⑴ 谓语动词 ⑵ 非谓语动词 功能分类 特点 例句 实义动词 表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词(有)和不及物动词(无)。 Give me some ink, please. He works hard. 他工作努力。 连系动词 本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。 They look the same. 他们看起来一样。 助动词 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。常见的助动词有be、do、does、did、have、has、will等。 I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。 I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。 情态动词 本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。 May I come in? 我可以进来吗？ 考点二：系动词（系动词+形容词） 常用的系动词： 1.be（am/is/are/was/were）（变为一般疑问句需提前） 2.感官类：feel、look、sound、smell、taste 3.保持类：keep、stay、remain 4.变化类：become（身份变化）、get（+情绪）、grow（身体变化）、turn（+颜色）、go（特制食物变质或+bad等不好的词）、fall（fall asleep）、come 5.其他类：seem似乎、appear(出现) 例句：He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。 She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。 They look the same. 他们看起来一样。 Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。 After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。 Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。 考点三：助动词 1、be动词（am，is，are） ① be动词做谓语时，要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 用法口诀: 我用am，你用are，is 用在他、她、它，复数全用are。 如：I am a teacher. You are a student. She is a nurse. We are Chinese. ② be动词的否定形式：am not(无缩写形式)，is not＝isn’t，are not=aren’t 2、助动词(do，does，did) ① do，does用于一般现在时，does用于第三人称单数，其他人称和数用do。其过去式did用于一般过去时。他们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。助动词后动词要用原形。 如：Do you like this film? Does she like playing football? I didn’t go to school yesterday. ② 否定形式：do not = don’t，does not =doesn’t，did not=didn’t 考点四：行为动词 行为动词也叫实意动词，是具有实际意义的动词。如run（跑）, jump（跳）， listen（听）,sing（唱）,eat（吃）,think（想）等。 行为动词在句子中有人称和时态的变化。 在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式来表现，这就叫时态。 一 般 现 在 时 <—————————————+————————————> 一般过去时 现在进行时 一般将来时 考点五：情态动词（情态动词+动词原形） 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示能力，意为＂能，会＂=be able to Tom can swim.=Tom is able to swim. —Can you play the piano? —Yes, I can. /No, I can’t. 表示许可/请求(疑问句中)时，意为＂可以，能够＂ She said that I could use her computer. —Can you help me? =Could you give me a hand? —Sure./Sorry, I can’t. 表示推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂,can/could(可能)；can't（不可能） The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面，可能是谁呢？ 在购物、点菜中，售货员第一句话要说Can I help you？/What can I do for you? 例如：A：Hello! This is Sunny Store. _________________________? B：I’d like to buy a box of milk. may/might 表示客气的请求，意为＂可以＂ —May I come in? —Yes, you can/may. /No, you can’t/mustn't. 表推测，意为＂可能＂，might语气更加不肯定，多用于肯定句 He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了，但我也不确定。 She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。 表示祝愿 May you happy.祝你快乐 must 表示义务、命令或要求，意为“必须”指说话人的主观语气 You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。 —Must I clean the room now? —Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t/don't have to. mustn’t表示禁止，意为＂千万不要，禁止＂，是说话人强有力的劝告 You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。 表示肯定推测，意为＂一定＂，否定猜测中用can’t This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。 have to “不得不”，表示客观上的必须，有时态形式的变化；否定式don’t have to意为＂不必＂(= needn’t) My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。 I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借了。 need 表示＂需要，必须＂，多用于疑问句和否定句 —Need he finish the article next week? —Yes, he must. /No , he needn’t. will/would 表示意志、愿望和决心，常译为＂愿意＂，would是will的过去式 If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意帮助我们，我们将不胜感激。 He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。 用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求或建议等，would比will的语气委婉 Will/Would you please take out the rubbish? 1.would like sth.意为＂愿意，想要＂； ----Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？ ----Yes,please./No,thanks. 2.would like (sb.) to do sth意为＂想要某人做某事＂。 I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。 ----Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗？ ----Yes,I’d love to./Sorry, I’d love to, but... Shall/should shall用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见,意为“....好吗？” Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?’ should用于各种人称，强调义务或责任，意为“应该” Students shouldn't have long hair. 1．（2024·广西南宁·三模）You should take this medicine according to the instructions, even if it ________ bad. A．sounds B．tastes C．feels 2．（2024·广西南宁·三模）—I want to take a look at that red dress. —Good choice! It is beautiful and it ________ soft. A．feels B．tastes C．smells 3．（2024·黑龙江·三模）“A country is truly prosperous (繁荣的) only when its people ________ prosperous,” said President Xi Jinping. A．are B．is C．were 4．（2024·广西·二模）—What do you think of the song “Juvenile (少年)”? —It ______ lively. I like listening to it. A．sounds B．tastes C．looks 5．（2024·广西柳州·三模）My sister likes the silk dress very much. It ________ very soft. A．sounds B．feels C．tastes 6．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school. A．is B．are C．have D．were 7．（2024·河北唐山·二模）My English ________ really poor before my teacher helped me. A．is B．was C．has been D．will be 8．（2024·广西柳州·模拟预测）The dish smells delicious, but it ________ a little salty. A．looks B．tastes C．feels 二、完成句子 1．（2024·广东广州·二模）随着中国文化的国际传播和全球交流的增加，越来越多的外国人对这一古老的艺术形式感兴趣。 With the increase of international communication and global exchange of Chinese culture, more and more foreigners this ancient art form. 2．（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）能歌善舞的苗族人民大部分居住在贵州。 The Miao people talented in singing and dancing mostly live in Guizhou Province. 3．（2024·贵州毕节·模拟预测）不要害羞，在课堂上大胆提问。 Don’t and ask questions bravely in class. 4．（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）我上了初中才习惯每天早上跑步。 I get used to running every morning I entered junior high school. 5．（2024·重庆渝中·三模）China sent the Shenzhou-18 up successfully on April 25th. (对划线部分提问) China send the Shenzhou-18 up successfully? 6．（2024·重庆江津·三模）My mother goes to work by bike every day. (对画线部分提问) your mother go to work every day? 三、从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 choose practise seem warn be prefer can sell look clean 1．According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people ________ their teeth with some tree branches. 2．There was a boy sitting in the corner of the room and he ________ sad. 3．He has ________ to study in a junior school near his home. 4．Mr. Li ______ his students not to play computer games too much. It's harmful to their study. 5．This book on places of interest in Henan ______ well in this bookshop. 6．Mr. Lin makes his students __________ speaking English for 20 minutes every day. 7．My aunt said she ______ play the piano when she was only six. 8．There is going to__ a football match this Sunday. 9．We must stop and ____ both ways before we cross the road. 10．Susan ________ to wear clothes which are made of cotton. She thinks they are comfortable. 动词时态 一．动词时态易错点 （1）动词变化三大黄金法则：主谓一致 ，就近一致， 双动词关系 主谓一致：谓语动词跟着主语发生变化 第三人称单数现象（集体名词做主语） Our class are playing football now (与人有关的动作） Our class is a small one (整体) （2） 主谓一致之就近一致（必考） There be 句型、 Either or、 Neither...nor... 、not only...but also.. Not only they but also I am wrong. （3） 态一致：从句与主句时态一致 He said he had been there for an hour. He said the sun is bigger than the moon.(自然规律自然现象用一般现在时态) He said the moon is running around the earth.(错误，应改为一般现在时态) （4） 时态一致之时态变异（必考） A——瞬间动词的-ing 形式表将来 The plane is taking off in an hour. The old man is dying.（将要死了） B——条件状语从句：一般现在时表将来 I don't know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will call you. I will ring you as soon as I finish my work. I won’t go out until my homework is done. 典型考题： A—I will go swimming. B—If you go, so will I. （5）单句中，若有两个动词（be 动词，行为动词，不包括助动词） ，他们的关系有四种： and 连接连接两个动词——动作先后或并列发生，前后形式一致 有些动词如forget 、remember等词后接 to do——表示动作未做，准备做 改为 doing——动作正在做或已做 某些动词后改为-ed 形式——后一动作被动发生 （6）特例：* 使、让（make ，let， have） 主动不带 to，被动带 to make sb. do /make sb not do/be made to do let sb. do * The teacher asked the students to stop talking and to listen to her. * I have my car repaired.（我请人修理了我的车。车被人修） I have repaired my car.(我修理了我的车。现在完成时态) I have him repair my car.（我让他修我的车。Have sb. do sth） 二．动词时态常考点 动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态。动作和状态的发生有一定的时间和表现方式，这就是英语中的时态。英语中动词的时态有十六种，初中阶段要求掌握的有六种，要求了解的有一种。各种时态的构成如下表（以work为例） 时态 例词 常用时间状语 一般现在时 often/ always/ usually/ sometimes/ never/ every day once a week/ on weekends 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982, the other day, just now等 一般将来时 tomorrow，the day after tomorrow, next week, in the future, in two days,soon等 现在进行时 now, at the moment, look, listen等 过去进行时 from 9 to 10, when,while, at seven last night等 现在完成时 already, yet, ever,never,just, before,recently, so far, in the past/last ten/few years,since/for等 *过去完成时 by the end of...表示过去的过去 考点一：一般现在时(do/does) 1.一般现在时的用法 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。 I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。 ②表示客观事实、真理。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 ③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。（主将从现） If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。 2.标志词（表示频率） ①频度副词：always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、hardly、never ②与every有关的短语：every day/week/month/year ③与次数有段：once/twice/three times，例如once a week ④on weekends/Mondays 3.一般现在时的构成 在一般情况下用动词原形，若主语为第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 read→reads love→loves 以s，o，x，ch，sh结尾 pass→passes box→boxes teach→teaches wash→washes do→does go→goes 以辅音字母 + y结尾 carry→carries study→studies 不规则变化 have→ be→ 考点二：一般过去时(did) 1.一般过去时的用法 ①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？ ②表示过去一段时间经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2.标志词 ①与yesterday有关的短语：yesterday；the day before yesterday(前天)；yesterday morning/afternoon/evening ②与last有关的短语：last night/year/week/month/Sunday ③一段时间+ago：three days ago ④in+过去的年份：in 2015;in the past;in the early days ⑤其他：just now(刚刚；刚才)，the other day(前几天)，this morning【已过去的早上】，once upon a time(很久以前)，long long ago 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 wash→washed help→helped 以不发音的字母e结尾 hope→hoped like→liked 以辅音字母 + y结尾 carry→carried study→studied 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 stop→stopped plan→planned 不规则动词见不规则动词表 注意：是辅元辅结构但是不双写的形容词和动词： A.单词以-y/-x/-w结尾的都不双写,例play、enjoy、stay、slow、few、box、fix、mix B.重音在前：open、listen、happen、visit、develop、cover、discover、water、order、answer 初中阶段以r结尾的只有prefer-preferred需要双写 考点三：一般将来时(will do) 1.一般将来时的定义 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态 2.标志词 ①与tomorrow有关的短语：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening ②与next有关的短语：next week/month/year/term ③in+一段时间：in three days；in the future ④其他：soon；some day；from now on(从现在开始)；this afternoon/week/term...【看语境，未做】 3.一般将来时的构成 ①will+动词原形，shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will not=won’t，shall not=shan’t，变为一般疑问句把will提前。He will be thirty next week. Will he be thirty next week？ Shall we go to the zoo? ② be going to +不定式，表示将来。(表示打算、计划，主观意图) What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 特殊用法： ①现在进行时表将来 下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时：go，come，fly，leave，start，begin，finish，end，arrive等。 she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow. ②在时间或条件句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来 I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 考点四：现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 1. 现在进行时的定义 ①表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作或状态 Look！Sam is watching TV happily on the sofa. ②表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作，但此时此刻该动作不一定进行。 I am writing a book this month. ③be always doing表示特定的情感 You are always changing your mind. I am always meeting Tom in that park. 2.标志词 ①now，nowadays，right now ②Look！Listen！ ③当前一段时间内的：at this/the moment/time，at present，this week，these days 3.进行时的变化规则： ①动词后直接+- ing（例：sleep+-ing→sleeping） ②去掉不发音的e+-ing（例：bite-e+-ing→biting） ③重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+-ing（例：sitting，beginning，getting，putting，running，stopping，cutting） ④特殊变化：die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying 4.现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由＂be+现在分词（v-ing）＂构成。be应与主语的人称和数保持一致，即：I am，/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is，you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。 句式构成： 肯定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+现在分词+其他。They are having an English class. 他们在上英语课。 否定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+not +现在分词+其他。They aren’t having an English class. 他们不在上英语课。 一般疑问句：Be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？Are they having an English class? 他们在上英语课吗? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ What are you doing now? 你现在在做什么？ 考点五：过去进行时(was/were doing) 1.过去进行时的定义 ①表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。 I was watching the football at 10:00 last night. I was staying here from March to May last year. ②表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行，此时常与when, while引导的时间状语连用。 When Jim’s mother came in, he was doing his homework. My brother fell and hurt himself while he was riding his bicycle. 2.过去进行时的标志词 ①过去某一时刻：then(那时)，at that time，at 8 o’clock last night, at this time yesterday等 ②过去某一段时间：from nine to ten last evening，the whole morning，all day yesterday，this morning ③when 和while引导的时间状语从句： 辨析：a.when+延续性/瞬时性动词，所以既可以加一般过去时也可以加过去进行时 b.while只能+延续性动词，所以只能跟过去进行时 c.如果主从句都是过去进行时，只能用while Jim was reading, when the teacher came in. Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 注意：主语一致时，可省略主语＋be My brother fell and hurt himself while he _________his bicycle. (ride) My brother fell and hurt himself while_____________ his bicycle.(ride) 3.过去进行时的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? What were you doing when a UFO landed? 考点六：现在完成时(have/has+done) 1.现在完成时的定义 ①表示过去发生或者已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 He has turned off the light. ②表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在【与for和since连用，谓语必须是延续性动词】 I have been away from my hometown for thirty years. Betty has worked hard since last term. That is why her exam results are so good.(广东中考） 注意：have/has gone to, have/has been to，have/has been in的区别 have/has gone to已经去了某地（未回） have/has been to曾经去过某地（已回） have/has been in一直在某地 2. 现在完成时的标志词 ①单词：already(肯定句，have之后)；yet(否定句、疑问句，句末)；ever(疑问句,句中)；never(表示否定，句中)；before(句末)；just(肯定句)；recently等 I have already had supper. Have you finished your homework yet? Have you ever been to a museum？He has never been to the Great Wall. She hasn’t spoken to a foreigner before. ②短语：so far；in/during the last/past +段时间(in the past few years)； ③与once，twice，three times等次数连用 I have been to Beijing twice. ④for/since(用how long 提问): for+时间段；since+时间点；since+时间段+ago；since+一般过去时的句子（例如：for two years/since 2024/since then/since two years ago/since I was ten years old） 3.现在完成时的基本结构（have/has+done规则动词的过去分词与规则动词的过去式相同） ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语， ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他) 1．（2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·一模）The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister. A．which; is B．whom; was C．who; is D．who; was 2．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·一模）— Music and Art will enter the Entrance Examination for the high school. Is it true? — Yes. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them. A．will pay B．will be paid C．pays D．is paid 3．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）I can’t find my pen. I think somebody must ________ it up. A．had picked B．has picked C．have picked D．pick 4．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow. If you don’t go, ________. A．so do I B．neither do I C． neither will I    D． either will I 5．（2023·湖北十堰·三模）—When shall we go and play basketball? —Not until the work ________ tomorrow. A．is finished B．have finished C．will be finished D．will finish 6．（2023·北京东城·二模）Linda is excited about the coming weekend because she ________ several old friends. A．sees B．saw C．has seen D．is going to see 7．（2022·四川凉山·模拟预测）—Why didn’t you come to the party last night? —I don’t like staying with others. I ________ reading alone instead. A．prefer B．enjoyed C．suggest D．dislike 8．（2022·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·模拟预测）Justin can’t help me to move the piano because he ________ English online. A．is studying B．studied C．will study D．studies 9．（2022·四川雅安·一模）By the time we ________ the railway station, the train ________ for ten minutes. A．got to; had been away B．reached; had left C．arrived; had been away D．arrived at; has left 10．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）—Did you see Linda come back last night? —No, she (study) for an exam all the night in the school library. 11．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）You arrived too late. They (leave) already. 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。 考点一：被动语态的构成(be done) 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。 These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。 一般过去时 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。 情态动词 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。 注意：系动词无被动语态：The food tastes delicious. 考点二：被动语态的句式 ①肯定句：The basketball is played by him. ②否定句：The basketball is not played by him. ③一般疑问句：—Is the basketball played by him? —Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 考点三：主动语态变被动语态 1. 宾提前2. 原主变宾(前加by) 3. 动词变“be done” 1. He cleans his bedroom every day. 2. He cleaned his bedroom yesterday. 3. He should clean his bedroom in the morning. 1．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent 2．（2024·河北保定·二模）Don’t worry, Tom! The problem ______ when Jane comes to help us. A．solved B．has solved C．was solved D．will be solved 3．（2024·江苏扬州·一模）— What will you do if you _________ this job? — I will work hard and try my best. A．are offered B．offer C．will offer D．will be offered 4．（2024·吉林四平·一模）—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting tomorrow? —He won’t, unless he ________. A．will attend; is invited B．attends; will be invited C．will attend; invites 5．（2024·甘肃平凉·一模）Paper ________ the fibres of plants for many years. A．was made into B．have been made out of C．made up of D．has been made from 6．（2022·安徽合肥·二模）—What did Tony’s headteacher call you for just now? —She said Tony _________ for making lots of trouble at school. A．punished B．was punished C．has punished D．be punished 7．（2024·陕西西安·二模）在网上可以很容易地找到很多有用的信息。 Much useful information can be on the Internet. 8．（23-24九年级上·广东珠海·期中）We use this knowledge to help people eat more healthily.（改为被动语态） This knowledge used to people eat more healthily. 9．（23-24九年级上·上海普陀·期中）My friends gave me some books at my fifteenth birthday party.（改为被动语态） I some books at my fifteenth birthday party. 非谓语动词 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能作谓语。 to do不定式：表示目的和将来 动词ing:表示主动和进行 过去分词done：表示被动和完成 考向一：不定式 1． 动词不定式的基本形式是to do，有时也可不带to，其否定式为not to do。 2． 动词不定式的作用 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有： ①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂ To master a language is not easy =It is not easy to master a language. 学好一门语言是不容易的。 作宾语 1.常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有： hope, wish,want,promise,agree,refuse,decide,plan， manage,expect,begin,start,afford,learn,would like, prefer等 2.know, wonder,think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 I would like to make friends with you. I find it difficult to pass my math exam. 作宾语 补足语 1.常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, wish, want, order, invite, allow, expect, encourage, teach, warn,can’t wait等 2.一感feel 二听hear, listen to 三让let, make, have 六看see,watch,look at,notice,find,observe 半个help后，要把作宾语补足语的不定式结构中的to省略 I expect you to write to me. I asked him to show me his new dictionary. The boss made the workers work all day. 作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，例如the ability to do、the way to do Can you give me a pen to write with? Do you have something to say? 作状语 表示行为的目的、结果和原因。常用结 构：in order to (为了); so as to(以便)；too…to…(太……而不能……); enough to do sth.(足够做……) To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。 作表语 放在系动词后作表语。 My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。 3.不定式的特殊用法 ①一些不带to的不定式的常用句型 ②＂疑问词+to do不定式＂：►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 考向二：动名词 （一）动名词的构成 动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。 （二）动名词作用 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 作表语 放在系动词后面作表语 Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。 作宾语 用动名词作动词和介词宾语：practice,enjoy,avoid, finish, mind,consider,keep, can’t help,can't stand，allow,imagine, suggest,succeed in, be busy, be worth,be comfortable, be used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, have trouble I practice swimming every day. 作定语 用于名词前，起修饰说明作用 There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。 （3） 动名词的特殊用法 1.即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有：love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve，其中以下几个含义不同： remember remember to do记得做某事(动作没有发生) remember doing sth.记得做过某事(动作已完成) forget forget to do忘记做某事(动作没有发生) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(动作已完成) regret regret to do sth. 遗憾做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 try try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 mean mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 go on go on to do sth. 继续做某事(另一件事) go on doing sth. 继续做某事(同一件事) stop stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(某个动作的开始) stop doing sth. 停止做某事(某个动作的终结) 2.要接动名词的几个句型 prevent / stop/ keep sb. / sth from doing 阻止某人做某事 spend /waste time / money in doing sth. 在... 花费或浪费时间或钱 have some difficulty / trouble / problems in doing 在做...有困难 have a hard / good time in doing做... 很艰难或做..很愉快 look forward to doing盼望，devoe..to doing 致力于、献身于，be/get used to doing习惯于，lead to doing导致， pay atention to doing注意，belong to doing属于 考向三：分词 （一）现在分词和过去分词的构成 现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。 （2） 初中阶段分词的常见考法 ①动词不定式作宾补和现在分词作宾补的区别 see, watch, hear, find, feel 等感官动词后接省略 to的不定式作宾补时，表示动作的全过程已结束或存在的事实；后接-ing作宾补时，表示动作正在进行。如: I saw him cross the road.我见他过了马路。 I saw him crossing the road. 我见他正在过马路。 I heard someone enter the room.我听见有人进了房间。I heard someone singing.我听见有人在唱歌。 ②现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成 The film that is named/called Full River Red is a good movie. The film named/called Full River Red is a good movie. ③get/have sth. done 让...被做 get his hair cut 剪头发 get their ears pierced 打耳洞 1．（2024·陕西西安·模拟预测）—Did you forget ________ off the light last night? —No, I remember ________ it off when I left school. A．turning; turning B．to turn; turning C．turning; to turn D．to turn; to turn 2．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）—What else should we pay attention to _________ building the bridge? —The changes of the weather, I think. A．to finish B．finished C．finish D．finishing 3．（2024·云南昆明·一模）The first forest library in Shanghai makes it possible ________ reading in the natural environment. A．enjoys B．enjoying C．enjoyed D．to enjoy 4．（2024·天津和平·一模）What should we pay attention to ________ the animals in danger? A．helping B．to help C．help D．helped 5．（2024·安徽芜湖·一模）The Smiths are considering ________ to England because they ________ the cold weather there. A．not moving; didn’t use to B．not moving; aren’t used to C．not to move, didn’t use to D．not to move; aren’t used to 6．（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·一模）The film Manjianghong showed this spring was shown ________ not only Yue Fei, but also all common people ________ love home and country. A．remember; where B．to remember; who C．remembering; which D．remembered; what 7．（2024·上海松江·一模）Mr Li made a promise _________ to a bigger flat as soon as he changed the job. A．move B．to move C．moving D．moved 8．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模）—Mom, I’m so thirsty. Could you please give me a bottle of soda? —Sorry. There is none ________ in the fridge. You can drink some water instead. A．leaving B．to leave C．left 二、单词拼写 9．（2024·江苏苏州·二模）C with “the Dragon Year”, the name “Long Year” increases our cultural confidence as Chinese. 10．（2024·四川成都·二模）B on the Chinese science fiction novel called Three Body, the TV series tells us the story of human’s changes in the future. 11．（2024·山东日照·一模）Tom regretted w much time playing computer games and failed his English exam. 12．（2024·四川成都·一模）The man kept a the stamp for a long time and showed great interested in it. 13．（2023·四川乐山·二模）You can’t make much progress in study without （管理）your time well. 14．（2022·浙江宁波·一模）We’ll have to set off early to （避免）the heavy traffic tomorrow morning. 三、完成句子 15．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）他为自己有这样一位好老师感到幸运。 It made him feel have such a good teacher. 16．（2024·广东广州·一模）中国专家已经制定好计划帮助它如何适应新的环境。 The Chinese experts have made a plan about get used to the new environment. 四．语法填空 （2023深圳一模） For this year's Spring Festival family dinner, my son has booked a table at the best restaurant in the town. But I'm a bit unhappy about the 1 （choose）. For me, it just won't feel like the Spring Festival 2 （have） the dinner out. I don't understand 3 some people prefer eating out for dinner. When I was a little boy, the dinner 4 the eve of the Spring Festival was what I looked forward to most. It was not 5 （simple） for the delicious food that we seldom got to eat. More importantly, it's 6 opportunity for the whole family to gather together. I would run around the house, listening to the adults 7 （chat） about their year and watching mum cooking dishes. In the evening, all of us would sit around the table, enjoying the food. The simple, homemade dishes tasted 8 （delicious） than anything cooked by a top chef. I hope that, in the future, my children and their children 9 （value） our memories of preparing the dinner together. To me, the process is even more important than the dinner 10 （it）. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03.动词分类、动词时态、语态、非谓语动词精讲 动词分类 一．动词分类易错点 （1）I don't have lunch at home. Neither do you. （前后主语不一样，Neither do you 主谓倒装） I have been here an hour. So have you. （前后主语不一样，Neither do you 主谓倒装） A —I bought a new book ,Tom. B —So you did.(I 和 you 指同一个人，主谓不倒装) （2） 初中重点动词短语 四个 to 后接—ing 形式的短语（to 在该短语中作介词用） prefer doing sth.to doing sth.—prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. like ... better than.----prefer to do sth. be used to doing (习惯于...） used to do （过去通常） be used to do （被用来做...） look forward to doing 盼望 make a contribution to doing 采取措施/为......做贡献 （3） 人花费 spend... (in) doing sth 。spend on sth 。pay... for... 。 物花费 It takes... to do cost cost 价值 （4） 动词+介词get over 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如： This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×) This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√) （5） 动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类： A．动词（vt.）+副词 1．put on 穿上 2．take off 脱下 3．write down 记下 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能 放在副词的前面。 二．动词分类常考点 考点一：动词的分类 a. 按功能分：⑴ 系动词 ⑵ 助动词 ⑶ 情态动词 ⑷ 实义动词 b. 按成分分：⑴ 谓语动词 ⑵ 非谓语动词 功能分类 特点 例句 实义动词 表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词(有)和不及物动词(无)。 Give me some ink, please. He works hard. 他工作努力。 连系动词 本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。 They look the same. 他们看起来一样。 助动词 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。常见的助动词有be、do、does、did、have、has、will等。 I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。 I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。 情态动词 本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。 May I come in? 我可以进来吗？ 考点二：系动词（系动词+形容词） 常用的系动词： 1.be（am/is/are/was/were）（变为一般疑问句需提前） 2.感官类：feel、look、sound、smell、taste 3.保持类：keep、stay、remain 4.变化类：become（身份变化）、get（+情绪）、grow（身体变化）、turn（+颜色）、go（特制食物变质或+bad等不好的词）、fall（fall asleep）、come 5.其他类：seem似乎、appear(出现) 例句：He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。 She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。 They look the same. 他们看起来一样。 Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。 After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。 Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。 考点三：助动词 1、be动词（am，is，are） ① be动词做谓语时，要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 用法口诀: 我用am，你用are，is 用在他、她、它，复数全用are。 如：I am a teacher. You are a student. She is a nurse. We are Chinese. ② be动词的否定形式：am not(无缩写形式)，is not＝isn’t，are not=aren’t 2、助动词(do，does，did) ① do，does用于一般现在时，does用于第三人称单数，其他人称和数用do。其过去式did用于一般过去时。他们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。助动词后动词要用原形。 如：Do you like this film? Does she like playing football? I didn’t go to school yesterday. ② 否定形式：do not = don’t，does not =doesn’t，did not=didn’t 考点四：行为动词 行为动词也叫实意动词，是具有实际意义的动词。如run（跑）, jump（跳）， listen（听）,sing（唱）,eat（吃）,think（想）等。 行为动词在句子中有人称和时态的变化。 在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式来表现，这就叫时态。 一 般 现 在 时 <—————————————+————————————> 一般过去时 现在进行时 一般将来时 考点五：情态动词（情态动词+动词原形） 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示能力，意为＂能，会＂=be able to Tom can swim.=Tom is able to swim. —Can you play the piano? —Yes, I can. /No, I can’t. 表示许可/请求(疑问句中)时，意为＂可以，能够＂ She said that I could use her computer. —Can you help me? =Could you give me a hand? —Sure./Sorry, I can’t. 表示推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂,can/could(可能)；can't（不可能） The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面，可能是谁呢？ 在购物、点菜中，售货员第一句话要说Can I help you？/What can I do for you? 例如：A：Hello! This is Sunny Store. _________________________? B：I’d like to buy a box of milk. may/might 表示客气的请求，意为＂可以＂ —May I come in? —Yes, you can/may. /No, you can’t/mustn't. 表推测，意为＂可能＂，might语气更加不肯定，多用于肯定句 He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了，但我也不确定。 She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。 表示祝愿 May you happy.祝你快乐 must 表示义务、命令或要求，意为“必须”指说话人的主观语气 You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。 —Must I clean the room now? —Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t/don't have to. mustn’t表示禁止，意为＂千万不要，禁止＂，是说话人强有力的劝告 You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。 表示肯定推测，意为＂一定＂，否定猜测中用can’t This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。 have to “不得不”，表示客观上的必须，有时态形式的变化；否定式don’t have to意为＂不必＂(= needn’t) My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。 I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借了。 need 表示＂需要，必须＂，多用于疑问句和否定句 —Need he finish the article next week? —Yes, he must. /No , he needn’t. will/would 表示意志、愿望和决心，常译为＂愿意＂，would是will的过去式 If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意帮助我们，我们将不胜感激。 He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。 用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求或建议等，would比will的语气委婉 Will/Would you please take out the rubbish? 1.would like sth.意为＂愿意，想要＂； ----Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？ ----Yes,please./No,thanks. 2.would like (sb.) to do sth意为＂想要某人做某事＂。 I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。 ----Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗？ ----Yes,I’d love to./Sorry, I’d love to, but... Shall/should shall用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见,意为“....好吗？” Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?’ should用于各种人称，强调义务或责任，意为“应该” Students shouldn't have long hair. 1．（2024·广西南宁·三模）You should take this medicine according to the instructions, even if it ________ bad. A．sounds B．tastes C．feels 【答案】B 【详解】句意：即使这药味道不好，你也应该按照说明服用。 考查动词辨析。sounds听起来；tastes尝起来；feels感觉。根据上文“You should take this medicine according to the instructions,”可知，此处是指即使药的味道尝起来不好，也要按照说明吃。故选B。 2．（2024·广西南宁·三模）—I want to take a look at that red dress. —Good choice! It is beautiful and it ________ soft. A．feels B．tastes C．smells 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我想看看那件红裙子。——不错的选择！它很漂亮，摸起来很柔软。 考查系动词辨析。feels摸起来；tastes尝起来；smells闻起来。根据“It is beautiful and it…soft”可知，是一种触觉感受，摸起来很柔软。故选A。 3．（2024·黑龙江·三模）“A country is truly prosperous (繁荣的) only when its people ________ prosperous,” said President Xi Jinping. A．are B．is C．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：习主席说：“一个国家只有在人民繁荣的时候才是真正的繁荣”。 考查主谓一致。根据“A country is truly prosperous”可知，时态为一般现在时；主语“its people”表示复数，be动词应用are。故选A。 4．（2024·广西·二模）—What do you think of the song “Juvenile (少年)”? —It ______ lively. I like listening to it. A．sounds B．tastes C．looks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你认为“少年”这首歌曲怎么样？ ——听起来很生动。我喜欢听它。 考查动词辨析。sounds听起来；tastes尝起来；looks看起来。根据“What do you think of the song”和回答“I like listenig to it.”可知，这首歌听起来很生动。故选A。 5．（2024·广西柳州·三模）My sister likes the silk dress very much. It ________ very soft. A．sounds B．feels C．tastes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我姐姐很喜欢这条真丝连衣裙。摸起来很柔软。 考查感官动词辨析。sound听起来；feel摸起来; taste尝起来。根据“My sister likes the silk dress very much. It …very soft.”可知真丝连衣裙摸起来很软。故选B。 6．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school. A．is B．are C．have D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校每学期有一次家长会和读书日。 考查主谓一致。is用于一般现在时，修饰名词单数形式；are用于一般现在时，修饰名词复数形式；have有，用于一般现在时；were用于一般过去时，修饰名词复数形式。分析题干，该句为“there be”句型，应遵循“就近原则”，即be动词的形式由离它最近的名词来确定，“a parents’ meeting一次家长会”为名词单数形式，be动词应用is。故选A。 7．（2024·河北唐山·二模）My English ________ really poor before my teacher helped me. A．is B．was C．has been D．will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在老师帮助我之前，我的英语真的很差。 考查动词时态。结合“helped”可知时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故选B。 8．（2024·广西柳州·模拟预测）The dish smells delicious, but it ________ a little salty. A．looks B．tastes C．feels 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这道菜闻起来很香，但尝起来有点咸。 考查动词辨析。looks看起来；tastes尝起来；feels感觉起来。根据“a little salty”可知，应该是“品尝起来”有点咸，应用tastes，故选B。 二、完成句子 1．（2024·广东广州·二模）随着中国文化的国际传播和全球交流的增加，越来越多的外国人对这一古老的艺术形式感兴趣。 With the increase of international communication and global exchange of Chinese culture, more and more foreigners this ancient art form. 【答案】 are interested in 【详解】结合中英文提示可知，此处缺少“对……感兴趣”，英语表达为be interested in，主语是复数名词，be动词用are，故填are；interested；in。 2．（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）能歌善舞的苗族人民大部分居住在贵州。 The Miao people talented in singing and dancing mostly live in Guizhou Province. 【答案】who are/that are 【详解】分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为定语从句，先行词为指人的“The Miao people”，关系词代替先行词在从句中充当主语，应用who/that引导定语从句；be talented in…“在……方面有天赋”，固定词组；时态为一般现在时，主语为“The Miao people”，所以此处应用be动词are。故填who are/that are。 3．（2024·贵州毕节·模拟预测）不要害羞，在课堂上大胆提问。 Don’t and ask questions bravely in class. 【答案】 be shy 【详解】根据还有提示可知，空处缺少“害羞”。shy“害羞的”。句子为祈使句，Don’t后用动词原形be，shy“害羞的”。故填be；shy。 4．（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）我上了初中才习惯每天早上跑步。 I get used to running every morning I entered junior high school. 【答案】 didn’t until 【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“直到……才……”；not…until…“直到……才……”，句子时态为一般过去时，此处应用助动词did。故填didn’t；until。 5．（2024·重庆渝中·三模）China sent the Shenzhou-18 up successfully on April 25th. (对划线部分提问) China send the Shenzhou-18 up successfully? 【答案】 When did 【详解】句意：4月25日，中国成功发射了神舟十八号。划线部分是时间，疑问词用when，根据“sent”可知变疑问句时借助助动词did。故填When；did。 6．（2024·重庆江津·三模）My mother goes to work by bike every day. (对画线部分提问) your mother go to work every day? 【答案】 How does 【详解】by bike“骑自行车”表示交通方式，提问用特殊疑问词how，置于句首，首字母大写；原句谓语动词是goes，疑问词中主语your mother是三单，在主语前添加助动词does。故填How；does。 三、从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 choose practise seem warn be prefer can sell look clean 1．According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people ________ their teeth with some tree branches. 2．There was a boy sitting in the corner of the room and he ________ sad. 3．He has ________ to study in a junior school near his home. 4．Mr. Li ______ his students not to play computer games too much. It's harmful to their study. 5．This book on places of interest in Henan ______ well in this bookshop. 6．Mr. Lin makes his students __________ speaking English for 20 minutes every day. 7．My aunt said she ______ play the piano when she was only six. 8．There is going to__ a football match this Sunday. 9．We must stop and ____ both ways before we cross the road. 10．Susan ________ to wear clothes which are made of cotton. She thinks they are comfortable. [答案]1．cleaned2．seemed3．chosen4．warns5．sells6．practise7．could8．be9．look10．prefers 动词时态 一．动词时态易错点 （1）动词变化三大黄金法则：主谓一致 ，就近一致， 双动词关系 主谓一致：谓语动词跟着主语发生变化 第三人称单数现象（集体名词做主语） Our class are playing football now (与人有关的动作） Our class is a small one (整体) （2） 主谓一致之就近一致（必考） There be 句型、 Either or、 Neither...nor... 、not only...but also.. Not only they but also I am wrong. （3） 态一致：从句与主句时态一致 He said he had been there for an hour. He said the sun is bigger than the moon.(自然规律自然现象用一般现在时态) He said the moon is running around the earth.(错误，应改为一般现在时态) （4） 时态一致之时态变异（必考） A——瞬间动词的-ing 形式表将来 The plane is taking off in an hour. The old man is dying.（将要死了） B——条件状语从句：一般现在时表将来 I don't know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will call you. I will ring you as soon as I finish my work. I won’t go out until my homework is done. 典型考题： A—I will go swimming. B—If you go, so will I. （5）单句中，若有两个动词（be 动词，行为动词，不包括助动词） ，他们的关系有四种： and 连接连接两个动词——动作先后或并列发生，前后形式一致 有些动词如forget 、remember等词后接 to do——表示动作未做，准备做 改为 doing——动作正在做或已做 某些动词后改为-ed 形式——后一动作被动发生 （6）特例：* 使、让（make ，let， have） 主动不带 to，被动带 to make sb. do /make sb not do/be made to do let sb. do * The teacher asked the students to stop talking and to listen to her. * I have my car repaired.（我请人修理了我的车。车被人修） I have repaired my car.(我修理了我的车。现在完成时态) I have him repair my car.（我让他修我的车。Have sb. do sth） 二．动词时态常考点 动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态。动作和状态的发生有一定的时间和表现方式，这就是英语中的时态。英语中动词的时态有十六种，初中阶段要求掌握的有六种，要求了解的有一种。各种时态的构成如下表（以work为例） 时态 例词 常用时间状语 一般现在时 do/does(work/works) often/ always/ usually/ sometimes/ never/ every day once a week/ on weekends 一般过去时 did(worked) yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982, the other day, just now等 一般将来时 will do(will work) tomorrow，the day after tomorrow, next week, in the future, in two days,soon等 现在进行时 am/is/are+working now, at the moment, look, listen等 过去进行时 was/were+working from 9 to 10, when,while, at seven last night等 现在完成时 have/has+worked already, yet, ever,never,just, before,recently, so far, in the past/last ten/few years,since/for等 *过去完成时 had+worked by the end of...表示过去的过去 考点一：一般现在时(do/does) 1.一般现在时的用法 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。 I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。 ②表示客观事实、真理。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 ③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。（主将从现） If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。 2.标志词（表示频率） ①频度副词：always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、hardly、never ②与every有关的短语：every day/week/month/year ③与次数有段：once/twice/three times，例如once a week ④on weekends/Mondays 3.一般现在时的构成 在一般情况下用动词原形，若主语为第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-s read→reads love→loves 以s，o，x，ch，sh结尾 加-es pass→passes box→boxes teach→teaches wash→washes do→does go→goes 以辅音字母 + y结尾 将y变为i，再加-es carry→carries study→studies 不规则变化 have→has be→am/is/are 考点二：一般过去时(did) 1.一般过去时的用法 ①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？ ②表示过去一段时间经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2.标志词 ①与yesterday有关的短语：yesterday；the day before yesterday(前天)；yesterday morning/afternoon/evening ②与last有关的短语：last night/year/week/month/Sunday ③一段时间+ago：three days ago ④in+过去的年份：in 2015;in the past;in the early days ⑤其他：just now(刚刚；刚才)，the other day(前几天)，this morning【已过去的早上】，once upon a time(很久以前)，long long ago 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed carry→carried study→studied 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned 不规则动词见不规则动词表 注意：是辅元辅结构但是不双写的形容词和动词： A.单词以-y/-x/-w结尾的都不双写,例play、enjoy、stay、slow、few、box、fix、mix B.重音在前：open、listen、happen、visit、develop、cover、discover、water、order、answer 初中阶段以r结尾的只有prefer-preferred需要双写 考点三：一般将来时(will do) 1.一般将来时的定义 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态 2.标志词 ①与tomorrow有关的短语：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening ②与next有关的短语：next week/month/year/term ③in+一段时间：in three days；in the future ④其他：soon；some day；from now on(从现在开始)；this afternoon/week/term...【看语境，未做】 3.一般将来时的构成 ①will+动词原形，shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will not=won’t，shall not=shan’t，变为一般疑问句把will提前。He will be thirty next week. Will he be thirty next week？ Shall we go to the zoo? ② be going to +不定式，表示将来。(表示打算、计划，主观意图) What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 特殊用法： ①现在进行时表将来 下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时：go，come，fly，leave，start，begin，finish，end，arrive等。 she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow. ②在时间或条件句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来 I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 考点四：现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 1. 现在进行时的定义 ①表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作或状态 Look！Sam is watching TV happily on the sofa. ②表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作，但此时此刻该动作不一定进行。 I am writing a book this month. ③be always doing表示特定的情感 You are always changing your mind. I am always meeting Tom in that park. 2.标志词 ①now，nowadays，right now ②Look！Listen！ ③当前一段时间内的：at this/the moment/time，at present，this week，these days 3.进行时的变化规则： ①动词后直接+- ing（例：sleep+-ing→sleeping） ②去掉不发音的e+-ing（例：bite-e+-ing→biting） ③重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+-ing（例：sitting，beginning，getting，putting，running，stopping，cutting） ④特殊变化：die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying 4.现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由＂be+现在分词（v-ing）＂构成。be应与主语的人称和数保持一致，即：I am，/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is，you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。 句式构成： 肯定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+现在分词+其他。They are having an English class. 他们在上英语课。 否定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+not +现在分词+其他。They aren’t having an English class. 他们不在上英语课。 一般疑问句：Be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？Are they having an English class? 他们在上英语课吗? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ What are you doing now? 你现在在做什么？ 考点五：过去进行时(was/were doing) 1.过去进行时的定义 ①表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。 I was watching the football at 10:00 last night. I was staying here from March to May last year. ②表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行，此时常与when, while引导的时间状语连用。 When Jim’s mother came in, he was doing his homework. My brother fell and hurt himself while he was riding his bicycle. 2.过去进行时的标志词 ①过去某一时刻：then(那时)，at that time，at 8 o’clock last night, at this time yesterday等 ②过去某一段时间：from nine to ten last evening，the whole morning，all day yesterday，this morning ③when 和while引导的时间状语从句： 辨析：a.when+延续性/瞬时性动词，所以既可以加一般过去时也可以加过去进行时 b.while只能+延续性动词，所以只能跟过去进行时 c.如果主从句都是过去进行时，只能用while Jim was reading, when the teacher came in. Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 注意：主语一致时，可省略主语＋be My brother fell and hurt himself while he _________his bicycle. (ride) My brother fell and hurt himself while_____________ his bicycle.(ride) 3.过去进行时的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? What were you doing when a UFO landed? 考点六：现在完成时(have/has+done) 1.现在完成时的定义 ①表示过去发生或者已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 He has turned off the light. ②表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在【与for和since连用，谓语必须是延续性动词】 I have been away from my hometown for thirty years. Betty has worked hard since last term. That is why her exam results are so good.(广东中考） 注意：have/has gone to, have/has been to，have/has been in的区别 have/has gone to已经去了某地（未回） have/has been to曾经去过某地（已回） have/has been in一直在某地 2. 现在完成时的标志词 ①单词：already(肯定句，have之后)；yet(否定句、疑问句，句末)；ever(疑问句,句中)；never(表示否定，句中)；before(句末)；just(肯定句)；recently等 I have already had supper. Have you finished your homework yet? Have you ever been to a museum？He has never been to the Great Wall. She hasn’t spoken to a foreigner before. ②短语：so far；in/during the last/past +段时间(in the past few years)； ③与once，twice，three times等次数连用 I have been to Beijing twice. ④for/since(用how long 提问): for+时间段；since+时间点；since+时间段+ago；since+一般过去时的句子（例如：for two years/since 2024/since then/since two years ago/since I was ten years old） 3.现在完成时的基本结构（have/has+done规则动词的过去分词与规则动词的过去式相同） ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语， ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他) 1．（2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·一模）The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister. A．which; is B．whom; was C．who; is D．who; was 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在树下看书的那个女孩是我妹妹。 考查定语从句和时态。which引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；who引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。第一空，分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，先行词“The girl”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who来引导从句，排除A和B；第二空，根据“is reading under the tree”可知，句子陈述现在的情况，时态应用一般现在时。故选C。 2．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·一模）— Music and Art will enter the Entrance Examination for the high school. Is it true? — Yes. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them. A．will pay B．will be paid C．pays D．is paid 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——音乐和美术将进入高中入学考试。这是真的吗？ ——是的。不过别担心。如果对它们多加注意，没有什么是困难的。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子主语“more attention”与动词pay为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据“Nothing will be difficult if more attention … to them.”可知，此处为if引导的条件状语从句，符合“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，则从句应用一般现在时，因此这里应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be done，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is，pay的过去分词为paid。故选D。 3．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）I can’t find my pen. I think somebody must ________ it up. A．had picked B．has picked C．have picked D．pick 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我找不到我的笔。我认为有人一定拿走了它。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“I can’t find my pen.”可知，这里应该使用完成时，表示动作已完成，且这个动作对现在造成了影响，即我现在找不到我的笔。情态动词must后接动词原形。故选C。 4．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow. If you don’t go, ________. A．so do I B．neither do I C． neither will I    D． either will I 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们班明天要去野餐。如果你不去，我也不去。 考查倒装句。根据“If you don’t go,”可知，句子为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句为一般现时，主句应用一般将来时，排除A和B；从句为否定句，主句部分表示“某人也不会去”，应用neither来引导倒装句，即neither will+主语。故选C。 5．（2023·湖北十堰·三模）—When shall we go and play basketball? —Not until the work ________ tomorrow. A．is finished B．have finished C．will be finished D．will finish 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们将什么时候去打篮球？——直到明天工作被完成。 考查主将从现。分析答语可知句子为含有until引导时间状语从句的复合句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，此处从句时态为一般现在时，而主语work和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其谓语结构为“be+done”，故选A。 6．（2023·北京东城·二模）Linda is excited about the coming weekend because she ________ several old friends. A．sees B．saw C．has seen D．is going to see 【答案】D 【详解】句意：琳达对即将到来的周末很兴奋，因为她打算去见几个老朋友。 考查一般将来时。sees看见，三单；saw看见，一般过去式；has seen已经见了，现在完成时；is going to see打算去见。根据“Linda is excited about the coming weekend because she”可知即将到来的周末表将来。见一些老朋友是将来打算好的事情。故选D。 7．（2022·四川凉山·模拟预测）—Why didn’t you come to the party last night? —I don’t like staying with others. I ________ reading alone instead. A．prefer B．enjoyed C．suggest D．dislike 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你昨晚为什么没来参加派对？——我不喜欢和其他人待在一起。我宁愿一个人读书。 考查代词辨析。prefer更喜欢；enjoyed喜欢；suggest建议；dislike不喜欢。根据“don’t”可知，此句是陈述事实，句子用一般现在时，排除B选项。根据“I don’t like staying with others”及“reading alone instead”可知，与跟其他人待在一起相比，更喜欢独自看书，故选A。 8．（2022·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·模拟预测）Justin can’t help me to move the piano because he ________ English online. A．is studying B．studied C．will study D．studies 【答案】A 【详解】句意：贾斯汀帮不了我搬钢琴，因为他正在网上学习英语。 考查动词时态。根据“Justin can’t help me to move the piano”可知，此处是正在网上学习，不能帮忙，可知用现在进行时，其结构是be doing的形式，主语是he，是第三人称单数，be动词用is，study“学习”，是动词，现在分词是studying。故选A。 9．（2022·四川雅安·一模）By the time we ________ the railway station, the train ________ for ten minutes. A．got to; had been away B．reached; had left C．arrived; had been away D．arrived at; has left 【答案】A 【详解】句意：到我们到达火车站时，火车已经开走十分钟了。 考查动词（短语）辨析和延续性动词。get to/reached/arrived at都表示“到达”，后可直接跟地点；arrived是不及物动词，需和介词at/in搭配使用后才可跟地点，故排除C；根据“for ten minutes”可知，第二空要用延续性动词，left是leave“离开”的过去分词，是短暂性动词；而be away是延续性动词，且“火车离开”的动作发生在“到达车站”的动作之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故选A。 10．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）—Did you see Linda come back last night? —No, she (study) for an exam all the night in the school library. 【答案】was studying 【详解】句意：——你昨晚看到琳达回来了吗？——没有，她整晚都在学校图书馆里准备考试。根据“…for an exam all the night in the school library.”词可知，她整晚都在学校图书馆里准备考试，表达持续性行为，所以用进行时态，又结合问句中“last night”可知，时态为过去进行时，又由主语是she，此处过去进行时的结构为：was+现在分词，study的现在分词是studying。故填was studying。 11．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）You arrived too late. They (leave) already. 【答案】had left 【详解】句意：你来得太晚了。他们已经离开了。根据arrived及already可知，时态为过去完成时，结构为had+done，leave的过去分词为left。故填had left。 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。 考点一：被动语态的构成(be done) 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。 These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。 情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。 注意：系动词无被动语态：The food tastes delicious. 考点二：被动语态的句式 ①肯定句：The basketball is played by him. ②否定句：The basketball is not played by him. ③一般疑问句：—Is the basketball played by him? —Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 考点三：主动语态变被动语态 1. 宾提前2. 原主变宾(前加by) 3. 动词变“be done” 1. He cleans his bedroom every day. 2. He cleaned his bedroom yesterday. 3. He should clean his bedroom in the morning. 1．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国产的茶叶每年运往许多不同的国家和地方。 考查被动语态和过去分词用法。tea与send之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，is sent。此处用make的过去分词made作后置定语，修饰tea。故选C。 2．（2024·河北保定·二模）Don’t worry, Tom! The problem ______ when Jane comes to help us. A．solved B．has solved C．was solved D．will be solved 【答案】D 【详解】句意：别担心了，汤姆！当简来帮助我们时，这个问题就会得到解决。 考查时态及语态。主语The problem与动词solve构成被动关系，根据“when Jane comes to help us”可知，该句为when引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时“will do”，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”。故选D。 3．（2024·江苏扬州·一模）— What will you do if you _________ this job? — I will work hard and try my best. A．are offered B．offer C．will offer D．will be offered 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——如果你得到这份工作，你会做什么？ ——我会努力工作，尽我最大的努力。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语you与动词offer“提供”是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除B和C；根据“What will you do if you … this job?”可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，因此这里是一般现在时的被动语态，其结构是be done，排除D；主语为you，be动词用are，offer的过去分词为offered。故选A。 4．（2024·吉林四平·一模）—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting tomorrow? —He won’t, unless he ________. A．will attend; is invited B．attends; will be invited C．will attend; invites 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你介意告诉我他明天是否会参加会议吗？——除非有人邀请，否则他不会参加的。 考查时态和语态。第一处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，结合“tomorrow”可知，用一般将来时“will do”，排除B；分析“He won’t, unless he...”可知，该句是以unless引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”，从句主语he是动作的承受者，所以用一般现在时被动语态“is done”，故选A。 5．（2024·甘肃平凉·一模）Paper ________ the fibres of plants for many years. A．was made into B．have been made out of C．made up of D．has been made from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：用植物纤维造纸已经有很多年了。 考查被动语态和动词短语。be made into被制成；be made out of由……制成；make up of由……组成；be made from由……制成。根据“for many years”可知时态为现在完成时，主语“Paper”和动词之间构成被动关系，所以应用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has be done”，Paper是不可数名词，助动词应用has，故选D。 6．（2022·安徽合肥·二模）—What did Tony’s headteacher call you for just now? —She said Tony _________ for making lots of trouble at school. A．punished B．was punished C．has punished D．be punished 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——托尼的班主任刚才打电话给你干什么？——她说托尼因为在学校制造很多麻烦而受到惩罚。 考查被动语态。根据“She said Tony...”可知，此处是宾语从句，主句时态为一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态；且从句主语“Tony”与动词punish存在被动关系，所以此处要用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done；主语为“Tony”，应用was。故选B。 7．（2024·陕西西安·二模）在网上可以很容易地找到很多有用的信息。 Much useful information can be on the Internet. 【答案】easily found 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“很容易地找到”；find“找到，发现”，动词；easily“容易地”，副词，修饰动词，在句中作状语；分析题干可知，主语“information”与动词find为被动关系，应用被动语态，结合“can be”可知，此处为含情态动词can的被动语态，其结构为can be done，find的过去分词为found。故填easily found。 8．（23-24九年级上·广东珠海·期中）We use this knowledge to help people eat more healthily.（改为被动语态） This knowledge used to people eat more healthily. 【答案】 is help 【详解】句意：我们用这些知识来帮助人们吃得更健康。考查主动语态变被动语态。原句是一般现在时，应改为一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be done。主语是“This knowledge”是不可数名词，be动词用is；to help此处表示目的，不用变形。故填is；help。 9．（23-24九年级上·上海普陀·期中）My friends gave me some books at my fifteenth birthday party.（改为被动语态） I some books at my fifteenth birthday party. 【答案】 was given 【详解】句意：我的朋友们在我第15个生日派对上给了我一些书。考查主动语态变被动语态。原句是一般过去时，应改为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构was/were done。主语是“I”，所以be动词用was；give的过去分词是given。故填was；given。 非谓语动词 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能作谓语。 to do不定式：表示目的和将来 动词ing:表示主动和进行 过去分词done：表示被动和完成 考向一：不定式 1． 动词不定式的基本形式是to do，有时也可不带to，其否定式为not to do。 2． 动词不定式的作用 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有： ①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂ To master a language is not easy =It is not easy to master a language. 学好一门语言是不容易的。 作宾语 1.常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有： hope, wish,want,promise,agree,refuse,decide,plan， manage,expect,begin,start,afford,learn,would like, prefer等 2.know, wonder,think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 I would like to make friends with you. I find it difficult to pass my math exam. 作宾语 补足语 1.常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, wish, want, order, invite, allow, expect, encourage, teach, warn,can’t wait等 2.一感feel 二听hear, listen to 三让let, make, have 六看see,watch,look at,notice,find,observe 半个help后，要把作宾语补足语的不定式结构中的to省略 I expect you to write to me. I asked him to show me his new dictionary. The boss made the workers work all day. 作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，例如the ability to do、the way to do Can you give me a pen to write with? Do you have something to say? 作状语 表示行为的目的、结果和原因。常用结 构：in order to (为了); so as to(以便)；too…to…(太……而不能……); enough to do sth.(足够做……) To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。 作表语 放在系动词后作表语。 My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。 3.不定式的特殊用法 ①一些不带to的不定式的常用句型 ②＂疑问词+to do不定式＂：►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 考向二：动名词 （一）动名词的构成 动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。 （二）动名词作用 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 作表语 放在系动词后面作表语 Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。 作宾语 用动名词作动词和介词宾语：practice,enjoy,avoid, finish, mind,consider,keep, can’t help,can't stand，allow,imagine, suggest,succeed in, be busy, be worth,be comfortable, be used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, have trouble I practice swimming every day. 作定语 用于名词前，起修饰说明作用 There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。 （3） 动名词的特殊用法 1.即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有：love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve，其中以下几个含义不同： remember remember to do记得做某事(动作没有发生) remember doing sth.记得做过某事(动作已完成) forget forget to do忘记做某事(动作没有发生) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(动作已完成) regret regret to do sth. 遗憾做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 try try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 mean mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 go on go on to do sth. 继续做某事(另一件事) go on doing sth. 继续做某事(同一件事) stop stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(某个动作的开始) stop doing sth. 停止做某事(某个动作的终结) 2.要接动名词的几个句型 prevent / stop/ keep sb. / sth from doing 阻止某人做某事 spend /waste time / money in doing sth. 在... 花费或浪费时间或钱 have some difficulty / trouble / problems in doing 在做...有困难 have a hard / good time in doing做... 很艰难或做..很愉快 look forward to doing盼望，devoe..to doing 致力于、献身于，be/get used to doing习惯于，lead to doing导致， pay atention to doing注意，belong to doing属于 考向三：分词 （一）现在分词和过去分词的构成 现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。 （2） 初中阶段分词的常见考法 ①动词不定式作宾补和现在分词作宾补的区别 see, watch, hear, find, feel 等感官动词后接省略 to的不定式作宾补时，表示动作的全过程已结束或存在的事实；后接-ing作宾补时，表示动作正在进行。如: I saw him cross the road.我见他过了马路。 I saw him crossing the road. 我见他正在过马路。 I heard someone enter the room.我听见有人进了房间。I heard someone singing.我听见有人在唱歌。 ②现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成 The film that is named/called Full River Red is a good movie. The film named/called Full River Red is a good movie. ③get/have sth. done 让...被做 get his hair cut 剪头发 get their ears pierced 打耳洞 1．（2024·陕西西安·模拟预测）—Did you forget ________ off the light last night? —No, I remember ________ it off when I left school. A．turning; turning B．to turn; turning C．turning; to turn D．to turn; to turn 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你昨晚忘记关灯了吗？——没有，我记得离开学校的时候把它关了。 考查非谓语动词。分析题干可知，问句应使用短语forget to do sth.“忘记做某事”，所以第一空选to turn；答语表示“记得关了灯”，应使用短语remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”，所以第二空应选turning。故选B。 2．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）—What else should we pay attention to _________ building the bridge? —The changes of the weather, I think. A．to finish B．finished C．finish D．finishing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——在完成这座桥的建造时，我们还应该注意什么？——我想是天气的变化。 考查非谓语动词。特殊疑问句中“what else”作pay attention to的宾语；后面接to do不定式作目的状语，表示为了结束修建这座桥，我们还需要注意什么。故选A。 3．（2024·云南昆明·一模）The first forest library in Shanghai makes it possible ________ reading in the natural environment. A．enjoys B．enjoying C．enjoyed D．to enjoy 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上海第一个森林图书馆使人们可以在自然环境中享受阅读。 考查非谓语。此处是句型“make it+adj+to do sth”的结构，表示“使做某事……”，空处用不定式形式作真正的宾语，故选D。 4．（2024·天津和平·一模）What should we pay attention to ________ the animals in danger? A．helping B．to help C．help D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该注意什么来帮助处于危险中的动物？ 考查非谓语动词。此处pay attention to的宾语是what，分析句子可知，“What should we pay attention to”的目的是“help the animals in danger”，作目的状语，用动词不定式。故选B。 5．（2024·安徽芜湖·一模）The Smiths are considering ________ to England because they ________ the cold weather there. A．not moving; didn’t use to B．not moving; aren’t used to C．not to move, didn’t use to D．not to move; aren’t used to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：史密斯一家正在考虑不去英国，因为他们不习惯那里的寒冷天气。 考查非谓语动词及动词短语。used to do sth.意为“过去常做某事”，其否定形式为didn’t use to do sth.；be used to sth.“习惯于某事”，其否定形式在be动词后加not。句中第一空，根据空前considering可知，此处考查consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，所以此处应用动名词moving作宾语，排除C和D；第二空，根据空后“the cold weather”可知，此处是指不习惯寒冷的天气，用be used to，排除A。故选B。 6．（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·一模）The film Manjianghong showed this spring was shown ________ not only Yue Fei, but also all common people ________ love home and country. A．remember; where B．to remember; who C．remembering; which D．remembered; what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今年春天上映的电影《满江红》不仅是为了纪念岳飞，也是为了纪念所有热爱家乡和国家的普通人。 考查非谓语动词及定语从句关系词。根据“... not only Yue Fei, but also all common people ... love home and country”可知第一空表示电影上映的目的，用动词不定式to remember作目的状语；“... love home and country”是定语从句，先行词“not only Yue Fei, but also all common people”指人，用who引导定语从句。故选B。 7．（2024·上海松江·一模）Mr Li made a promise _________ to a bigger flat as soon as he changed the job. A．move B．to move C．moving D．moved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：李先生承诺他一换工作，就搬到一个更大的公寓。 考查不定式用法。make a promise to do sth“承诺做某事”，所以填不定式to move。故选B。 8．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模）—Mom, I’m so thirsty. Could you please give me a bottle of soda? —Sorry. There is none ________ in the fridge. You can drink some water instead. A．leaving B．to leave C．left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我好渴。请给我一瓶苏打水好吗？——对不起。冰箱里一瓶也没有了。你可以喝一些水代替。 考查非谓语动词。none指代前文的“a bottle of soda”，强调一瓶也没有了，与动词leave之间是被动关系，此空应填过去分词作后置定语，故选C。 二、单词拼写 9．（2024·江苏苏州·二模）C with “the Dragon Year”, the name “Long Year” increases our cultural confidence as Chinese. 【答案】(C)ompared 【详解】句意：与“the Dragon Year”相比，“Long Year”这个名字增加了我们作为中国人的文化自信。根据英文提示“C...with”和语境可知，此处应为“比较”，compare sth. with sth.表示“把一物同另一物作比较”；主语the name “Long Year”与compare是被动关系，表示“被与……比较”，所以这里用过去分词compared表示被动，作状语。故填(C)ompared。 10．（2024·四川成都·二模）B on the Chinese science fiction novel called Three Body, the TV series tells us the story of human’s changes in the future. 【答案】(B)ased 【详解】句意：这部电视剧根据中国科幻小说《三体》改编，讲述了人类在未来的变化。根据“…on the Chinese science fiction novel called Three Body,”及首字母可知，此处指基于小说《三体》改编的电视剧，base on“基于”，此空应填过去分词作状语，故填(B)ased。 11．（2024·山东日照·一模）Tom regretted w much time playing computer games and failed his English exam. 【答案】(w)asting 【详解】句意：汤姆后悔浪费了太多时间玩电脑游戏，英语考试不及格。根据“Tom regretted...much time playing computer games and failed his English exam”可知，英语考试不及格，应该是浪费了很多时间玩电脑游戏，结合所给首字母可知，“浪费”waste，根据“failed”可知，此处应是后悔浪费了许多时间，regret doing sth“后悔做某事”。故填(w)asting。 12．（2024·四川成都·一模）The man kept a the stamp for a long time and showed great interested in it. 【答案】(a)dmiring 【详解】句意：这个人对邮票欣赏了很长时间，并表现出极大的兴趣。根据“The man kept...the stamp for a long time and showed great interested in it”并结合所给首字母可知，是欣赏了这个邮票很长时间，“欣赏”admire，根据“kept”可知，keep doing sth.“持续做某事”。故填(a)dmiring。 13．（2023·四川乐山·二模）You can’t make much progress in study without （管理）your time well. 【答案】managing 【详解】句意：如果不好好安排时间，你的学习就不会有多大进步。表达“管理”用动词manage，空前单词without是介词，所以本空要用动名词形式。manage的动名词形式是managing。此处的动名词作介词的宾语。故填managing。 14．（2022·浙江宁波·一模）We’ll have to set off early to （避免）the heavy traffic tomorrow morning. 【答案】avoid 【详解】句意：明天早上我们得早点出发，以避开拥挤的交通。avoid“避免”，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填avoid。 三、完成句子 15．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）他为自己有这样一位好老师感到幸运。 It made him feel have such a good teacher. 【答案】lucky to 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“幸运”，由空前“feel”可知，后应接形容词lucky“幸运的”作表语；再分析句子结构可知，It为形式主语，真正的主语应是不定式to have such a good teacher。故填lucky to。 16．（2024·广东广州·一模）中国专家已经制定好计划帮助它如何适应新的环境。 The Chinese experts have made a plan about get used to the new environment. 【答案】 how to help it 【详解】help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，about是介词，后接how+不定式作特殊疑问句，help sb. do sth.。故填how to help it。 四．语法填空 （2023深圳一模） For this year's Spring Festival family dinner, my son has booked a table at the best restaurant in the town. But I'm a bit unhappy about the 1 （choose）. For me, it just won't feel like the Spring Festival 2 （have） the dinner out. I don't understand 3 some people prefer eating out for dinner. When I was a little boy, the dinner 4 the eve of the Spring Festival was what I looked forward to most. It was not 5 （simple） for the delicious food that we seldom got to eat. More importantly, it's 6 opportunity for the whole family to gather together. I would run around the house, listening to the adults 7 （chat） about their year and watching mum cooking dishes. In the evening, all of us would sit around the table, enjoying the food. The simple, homemade dishes tasted 8 （delicious） than anything cooked by a top chef. I hope that, in the future, my children and their children 9 （value） our memories of preparing the dinner together. To me, the process is even more important than the dinner 10 （it）. 本文是一篇记叙文。作者因儿子在外订年夜饭而不高兴，想起自己小时候准备年夜饭的快乐，希望自己的子孙未来也能珍惜大家一起准备年夜饭的过程。 [答案] 1．choice 2．having/to have 3．why 4．on/of 5．simply 6．an 7．chatting 8．more delicious 9．will value 10．itself [解析] 1．考查名词。由空前的unhappy about the可知，此处要用choose的名词形式作宾语，故填choice。 2．考查动词的非谓语形式。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，故可用动词的-ing形式或不定式作句子真正的主语，故填having/to have。 3．考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句。根据前一句“For me, it just won't feel like...the dinner out.”可知，作者不理解为什么有些人更喜欢在外面吃年夜饭，宾语从句的连接词用why。 4．考查介词。the eve of the Spring Festival“除夕”，为具体某一天的晚上，用介词on。此处也可用介词of, 表示除夕夜的晚餐，即年夜饭，故填on/of。 5．考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词，要用simple的副词形式，故填simply。 6．考查冠词。设空处后面的opportunity为可数名词单数形式，此处泛指一个机会，且opportunity以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。 7．考查动词的非谓语形式。listen to sb. doing sth.“倾听某人正在做某事”，即倾听的时候，动作正在发生，此处要用动词的-ing形式，故填chatting。 8．考查形容词比较级。由空前的tasted可知，此处填形容词；由比较级的标志词than可知，此处要用形容词的比较级形式，故填more delicious。 9．考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in the future可知，设空处要用一般将来时，故填will value。 10．考查反身代词。此句想表达的意思是“对我来说，一起准备年夜饭的过程比年夜饭本身更重要”，由此可知，此处要用反身代词，故填itself。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$