专题02.代词、形容词、副词、连词精讲（外研版）-2025届中考英语总复习（外研版）

专题02.代词、形容词、副词、连词精讲 代词 一．代词易错点 1.反身代词： help yourself to ..., Tom. /help yourselves to..., boys. /I study for myself.宾语与主语指向一致，用反身代词 2.物主代词： yours = your book 3.不定代词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数 eg. Is everyone here No, they aren’t. 4.sometimes的意思是“有时”， sometime意思是“在某个时候”。some time意思是“一段时间”(time是不可数名词,后面不加s) 。some times意思是“几次”。 4.(1)few 和little 的区别：有就是有，没有就是没有，few 修饰可数名词复数，little修饰不可数名词。带有a——表示有一些，肯定 a few books 有一些书 few books 没有书 a little water 一些水 little water 没有水 记：few ——fewer——fewest little——less——least 5.too much(太多，常修饰不可数名词 )—— too many(太多 常修饰可数名词复数 ) much too(太多，常修饰形容词或放动词后面 )—— many too（错误书写） 把前面的词划掉，后面的接什么，合起来就可以接什么 6.英语的“两个与三个” 两个都—both（作主谓用复） 两个都不—neither（作主谓用单） 两者中任何一个—either 三个都—all 三者中任何一个—any 两者之间—between 三者之间—among 二．代词常考点 考点一 人称代词 1. 人称代词的分类 人称 主格 宾格 单数 复数 单数 复数 第一人称 I we me us 第二人称 第三人称 2. 人称代词的用法 人称代词的主格在句中作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语。 We are middle school students. 我们是中学生。 I wrote a letter to him last week. 上周我给他写了一封信。 考点二 物主代词 1. 物主代词的分类 人称 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 2. 物主代词的用法 (1) 形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。 That is our classroom. 那是我们的教室。 (2) 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可作主语、表语或宾语。 This is your pen. Mine is in my pencil case. 这是你的钢笔。 我的在我的铅笔盒里。 (3) 用于双重所有格中,即“a/ an+名词+of+名词性物主代词”。 He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。 考点三 反身代词 1. 反身代词的单复数形式 2. 反身代词的用法 (1) 作宾语,当主语和宾语是同一人时，宾语要用反身代词 The boy teaches himself English. 这个男孩儿自学英语。 (2) 作同位语,用以加强语气强调某人亲自做某事 John himself did the work. =John did the work himself. 约翰亲自做了这项工作。 注意:反身代词不可作定语,常用“one's own”表示“某人自己的”。 This is my own car. 这是我自己的小汽车。 3. 反身代词常用于一些固定搭配中 teach oneself(自学); by oneself（独自）; enjoy oneself（玩得开心）；dress oneself；hurt oneself； 考点四 指示代词 单数 复数 指近处 this these 指远处 that those 1. 作主语、宾语、表语。 This is a chair. 这是一把椅子。 2. 在电话中,用 this (我) 表示打电话者,用于介绍自己,用 that (你) 询问对方。 Hello! This is Bob (speaking). Who's that? 您好! 我是鲍勃。 你是哪位? 3. that 和 those 可以用在比较结构中,以避免重复。 that 代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数词;those 代替前面提到的复数可数名词。 The population of China is larger than that of Russia. 中国的人口比俄罗斯人口多。 考点五 疑问代词 常见的疑问代词及其基本用法 疑问代词 基本用法 例句 who 作主语、表语或宾语(作宾语时,不能位于介词后面) Who are you waiting for? 你正在等谁? whom who 的宾格形式,作宾语 With whom did you go? 你和谁一起去的? whose who 的所有格形式,作主语、表语、宾语或定语 Whose book is it? 它是谁的书? what 作主语、表语、宾语或定语 What is he doing? 他正在做什么? which 作主语、表语、宾语或定语 Which one is bigger? 哪一个更大? 考点六 不定代词 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。 不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。 1. 普通不定代词 主要有: some, any, both, all, another, other, each, either, neither, none, one, a few, few, a little, little, many, much 等。 2. 几种常见的普通不定代词的用法辨析 (1) one 与 it 相同点 单词 用法 例句 为了避免同一名词重复使用,常用 one 或 it 来代替前面提到的某个单数名词 one one 所代替的是前面提到的同类事物,但不是同一个 I can't find my pen. I think I must buy a new one. 我找不到我的钢笔了。我想我必须买一支新的。 it it 所代替的是前面提到的那个特指的事物 I bought a new pen yesterday, and I gave it to my sister. 我昨天买了一支新钢笔,我把它给我妹妹了。 (2) some 与 any 相同点 单词 用法 例句 修饰可数或不可数名词 some There are some boys playing football.有一些男孩们正在踢足球。 Would you like some water? 你想喝些水吗? any There isn't any meat in the fridge.冰箱里没有肉了。 (3) both, all, neither, none, either 与 any 之一 都 都不 适用范围 两者 三者或以上 固定短语 both … and …(连接两个主语,谓语动词用复数) either … or …(连接两个主语,谓语动词遵循就近原则) neither … nor …(连接两个主语,谓语动词遵循就近原则) (4) little, a little, few 与 a few 很少;几乎没有(表否定) 几个;一点儿(表肯定) 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 例句 Don't worry! There is a little time left. 别着急! 还有一点儿时间。 He has a few friends here, but he has few good friends.在这里他有几个朋友,但是几乎没有好朋友。 (5) other(s), the other(s), another 概念成 份数 泛指剩下中的一部分(不用 the) 特指剩下中的全体(要用 the) 作主语/ 宾语 作定语(其后加名词) 作主语/ 宾语 作定语(其后加名词) 单数 another another book the other the other book 复数 others other books the others the other books 3. 复合不定代词 -one -thing -body some- someone something somebody any- anyone anything anybody every- everyone everything everybody no- no one nothing nobody (1) 一般情况下,由 some 构成的复合不定代词用在肯定句中;由 any 构成的复合不定代词用在疑问句和否定句中;由 no 构成的复合不定代词表示否定意义。 I have something to tell you. 我有事要告诉你。 I can't see anything. 我什么也看不见。 (2) 形容词或 else 修饰不定代词时,通常位于不定代词之后。 Do you want anything else? 你还想要其他的东西吗? (3) 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 考点七 代词 it 的用法 1. it 用来指除人以外的一切生物和事物,可指时间、距离、天气、温度、度量等。 —What's the weather like today? 今天天气怎样? —It's sunny. 很晴朗。 2. it 可用来代替指示代词 this 和 that。 —What's this/ that? 这/ 那是什么? —It's an apple. 是苹果。 3. it 指婴儿或不明身份的人。 Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩? 2. it 代替动词不定式作形式主语。 句式：It is+形容词(+for sb.)+to do It is+time for sb. to do It takes sb. 时间 to do It's important for us to work hard. 努力工作对我们来说很重要。 3. it 代替动词不定式作形式宾语。 句式 主语+think/find/make it 形容词(+for sb.) +to do I found it easy to work out the Math problem. 我发现算出这道数学题很容易。 1．（2024·天津·中考真题）When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________. A．my; myself B．my; mine C．me; myself D．me; mine 2．（2023·天津·中考真题）________ teacher talked to ________ about the stories of the Silk Road. A．Our; us B．Our; we C．Ours; us D．Ours; we 3．（2021·天津·中考真题）Mike’s aunt is ________ English teacher. We all like ________. A．our; she B．our; her C．we; he D．we; her 4．（2024·天津滨海新·一模）—Tony, are there ________ milk and vegetables in the fridge? — Let me see. Oh, there are ________ in it. A．some; some B．any; some C．any; any D．some; any 5．（2024·天津和平·一模）I saw two boys at the door, but ________ of them is my brother. A．either B．neither C．none D．both 6．（2024·天津滨海新·一模）—Is this mobile phone a new type? —Yes, I bought _________ last weekend. A．it B．that C．one D．this 7．（2024·天津滨海新·一模）—Is there ________ in today’s menu? —Yes. We have Beijing Roast Duck. A．special anything B．special nothing C．anything special D．nothing special 8．（2023·天津河东·二模）None of them has an environment like ________ of the earth, so scientists do not think they will find life on planets. A．this B．it C．one D．that 9．（2023·天津河东·二模）Why don’t you turn off the light? ________ is in the library. A．Nobody B．Everybody C．Somebody D．Anybody 10．（2023·上海金山·一模）Before FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 (2022年卡塔尔国际足联世界杯), only________ students in our class knew about the country Qatar. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 二、完成句子 11．（2023·天津南开·二模）我们互相看了看，沉默不语。 We looked at in silence. 12．（2021·天津和平·模拟预测）现在是回到学校的时候了。 It’s time to to school now. 13．（2021·天津南开·三模）他们互相看了看便笑了起来。 They looked at and laughed. 形容词、副词 形容词、副词 易错点 （1） 比较 A=B as +原形+ as / not as (so). +原形+.. as... A＞B more...than...比较级标志词——than A< B less...than... 最高级 典型标志词：in ,of , among 最高级和比较级的转换： The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. The Changjiang River is longer than any river in India. （2）A≠B 用比较级解释句子 This food isn't so delicious as that food. This food is less delicious than this food. 或 That food is more delicious than this food. （3）必须掌握的修饰比较级的四个词： much, a little, even, far He is much taller than Tom. 比较级、最高级的不规则变化： 口诀：两病两多并两好，距离老远少迟到 bad/badly/ill : worse worst much/many : more most good/well : better best far : farther farthest--further furthest old : older oldest-- elder eldest little :less least （4） 特殊句型： 比较级 and 比较级......“越来越......” more and more 越来越多 He is growing taller and taller. The +比较级，the +比较级...“越......越......” The sooner you come, the earlier we would arrive. She can't be more beautiful!（她漂亮极了。 ） I have never seen a more beautiful girl! She can't help crying.（can’t help doing 忍不住） She can't wait to open the box.(can’t wait to do 迫不及待) en.12999.com 形容词 形容词是用来描述人或事物的性质、特征或状态的一种开放性词类，主要用于修饰名词和部分代词。 考点一：形容词的基本功能 1.作定语，放在名词前，不定代词后。 Professor White gave us an interesting book. Something serious has happened to him. 2.作表语，放在系动词be, feel, turn, become, seem等后面。 He looked worried just now. This kind of food tastes delicious. 3.做宾语补足语, 放在keep、make、leave等动词的宾语后，进一步补充说明宾语。 We must try our best to keep our environment clean. Alice often makes us happy. Tips: 1.常用作表语的形容词：alone 、asleep 、afraid 、awake、alive、ill、worth、sorry、glad 等 2.the+某些形容词相当于名词，表示一类人。如：the old、the young、the rich、the poor等 3.复合形容词： ①主要用作定语，不作表语。结构：数词+名词（+形容词）a fifteen-year-old boy ②特点：各词之间有连字符；名词用单数。 4.表示长宽高深、年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometers long. 考点二：形容词/副词的比较等级 1．形容词比较级和最高级规则变化表 原级 比较级 最高级 例词 一般情况：单音节和部分双音节 tall--taller--tallest hard--harder--hardest 以-e结尾 large--larger--largest 以辅音字母+y结尾 easy--easier--easiest 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母(辅元辅结构) big--bigger--biggest hot--hotter--hottest 多音节单词 beautiful--more beautiful-- most beautiful 注意： ①.只要是以ly结尾的副词都在前面加more/most，有后缀的例如-ful；-al；-able；-ed；-ing；-tive等结尾的在前面加more/most ②.以ly结尾但是是形容词的需变y为i，例如early-earlier-earliest；friendly-friendlier-friendliest ③.是辅元辅结构但是不双写的形容词和动词： A.单词以-y/-x/-w结尾的都不双写,例play、enjoy、stay、slow、few、box、fix、mix B.重音在前：open、listen、happen、visit、develop、cover、discover、water、order、answer 初中阶段以r结尾的只有prefer-preferred需要双写 2．形容词（副词）比较等级不规则变化表 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well bad/badly/ill many/much/some little old far 3.原级的用法 ①. “as+形容词/副词原级+as”表示双方在程度、特征等方面相等。 Basketball is as popular as football here. Mr. Smith said his son was as hard-working as his daughter. ②. “not as/so +形容词/副词原级+as”表示“. . . 不如. . . ” This room is not as/so big as that one. ③. 倍数表示法：一倍once；两倍twice；三倍或三倍以上：基数词+times 用法 举例 表示“是……几倍”： 倍数＋as＋形容词／副词原级＋as The room is three times as big as that one. “比……大几倍”： 倍数＋形容词／副词比较级＋than The room is three times bigger than that one. ④．只能修饰原级的词：very，quite，too，so，rather 4.比较级用法 ①.. . . 比较级+than . . . He made fewer mistakes than you. He has read four times more books than I have. ②.比较级+and+比较级 或“more and more +多音节形容词/副词的原级”越来越…… Our country is becoming more and more beautiful . He runs faster and faster when he is near the finishing line. ③.the+比较级，the+比较级：越……，就越…… The more difficult the problem is, the more careful we should be. The more we know each other, the better we understand each other. ④.表示"两者之间哪一个更……，用句型"Which/Who+谓语动词+比较级，A or B？"表示。 Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth？哪个离太阳更近，月亮还是地球？ ⑤.a lot/much/a little/a bit/even/still/far/rather/+比较级，表示差别的程度大小。 It was much cheaper than I had expected. 5.最高级用法： 形容词最高级前一定要有the，副词最高级可省略the ①.最高级+of/in/among+范围短语 He is the youngest child of all his classmates. ②.one of+最高级+名词复数 Shenzhen is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. ③.the+序数词+最高级+单数名词 The Huanghe River is the second longest river in China. ④表示在三者成三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用"which/Who is + the+形容词最高级，A，B or C？"结构. Which is the biggest，the sun，the moon or the earth？太阳、月死和地球，哪一个最大？ ⑤比较级表达最高级的意义 any other student the other student any of the other students My son is taller than in his class 考点三：形容词的常用结构 1. It is+adj. +for+sb. +to do对某人来说，做……是……的 2. It is+adj. +of+sb. +to do某人去做某事，真是很…… 3. adj. +enough+to do足够……去做某事 4. such a/an+adj. +that. . . 一个如此……的……，以至于…… 5. so+adj. +that. . . 如此……以至于…… 副词 副词指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，一般充当状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词，此外还可修饰整个句子。 考点一：副词的分类 1．时间副词：表示动作发生的时间，是确定句子时态的重要标志，一般放在句首或末尾 today在今天；tomorrow在明天；soon很快；now现在；recently最近； 2．地点副词：表示动作发生的地点或位置，前面不加介词（例：go home；come here） home家；here在这里；there在那里；outside在外面；abroad在国外 3.方式副词：描述动作发生的方式。 carefully细心地；politely 有礼貌地；slowly 缓慢地；loudly 大声地 4.程度副词：描述动作或状态的程度。 pretty相当；very很，非常；quite相当；rather相当；really真正地；enough 注意：enough的用法 词性 结构 例句 形容词 enough＋名词 We have enough time to finish the work. 我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。 副词 adj./adv./v.+ enough+to do The book is easy enough to read.这本书读起来很容易。 Can you get there quickly enough？你能尽快赶到那里吗？ You don’t practice enough at the piano.你钢琴弹奏练习得不够。 5.频度副词：表示一定时间内动作发生的频率。 频率副词 例句 He usually gets up early.他通常很早起床。 I’ve never heard him singing.我从来没有听过他唱歌。 She is seldom ill.她很少生病。 注意：频率副词在句中的位置：实义动词之前，be动词、情态动词、助动词之后。 单词 作用 例句 how 表方式 How can I get to the supermarket？我怎样才能到达超市呢？ when 表时间 When will the meeting begin？会议将在什么时候开始呢？ where 表地点 Where will you go to spend your vacation？你要去哪里度假？ why 表原因 Why didn’t you follow my advice？你为什么不听我的劝告？ 6.疑问副词：用来引导疑问句。 区别： (1)how often多久一次,常用never/ hardly/ sometimes/ often/ usually/ always及twice a week等回答 (2)how long 多长时间,常用 (for )+时间段/since+时间点/about+时间段回答 --How long have you lived in China? --For two years/Since two years ago. --How long does it take from Xiamen to Shanghai by train? --About 8 hours. (3)how soon 多快,常用in + 时间段回答 --How soon will you come back? --In three months. (4)how far多远,问距离 --How far is it from here to your school? --About ten minutes' walk./Three miles. 7.连接副词:连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why 8.关系副词:引导定语从句:when,where,why 考点二：副词的语法功能 功能 作用 例句 作状语 方式副词修饰动词，一般放在被修饰词之后 Mary sings so beautifully.玛丽唱得很动听。 She listens to the teacher carefully.她认真听老师讲课。 程度副词修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般放在被修饰词前面 I really like English.我真的很喜欢英语。 The food here is really delicious.这里的食物真的很好吃。 He looks strong and plays football very well.他看起来很强壮，足球也踢得很好。 位于句首，修饰整个句子 Luckily，a policeman saw him and helped him.幸运的是，一个警察看见并帮助了他。 考点三：副词的构词法：许多副词是由形容词变化而来 1. 一般情况下形容词+1y： quick—quickly, polite—politely, careful—carefully, brave—bravely 2. 以le结尾的变le为ly： terrible—terribly；simple—simply；comfortable—comfortably；probable—probably；possible—possibly； 3. 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i 再加ly： easy—easily, happy—happily, busy—busily 4. 特殊：去e+1y：true—truly（初中阶段唯一的单词） good-well 以ly结尾是形容词的词：friendly，；lovely；lively；lonely；daily；curly等 1．（2023·天津河东·二模）The ________ we look after our environment, the ________ our world will be. A．most carefully; most beautiful B．more carefully; more beautifully C．more careful; more beautiful D．more carefully; more beautiful 2．（2024·天津·中考真题）Many people think eating at home is ________ than eating in the restaurant. A．healthy B．healthier C．healthiest D．the healthiest 3．（2022·天津·中考真题）Travelling by train is slower than by plane. But it’s ________ than by plane. A．interesting B．less interesting C．more interesting D．most interesting 4．（2021·天津·中考真题）We will have a field trip this afternoon. The news makes everyone __________. A．excited B．frightened C．happily D．luckily 5．（2020·天津·中考真题）This street is much ________ than that one. A．wide B．wider C．widest D．the widest 6．（2022·天津·中考真题）Although he failed many times, he ________ gave up his dream. A．nearly B．never C．often D．always 7．（2024·天津武清·三模）Martin is ________ than anyone else because he always has the courage to try new things. A．brave B．braver C．bravest D．more braver 8．（2024·天津·二模）Jogging means running slowly, but it’s still ________ than walking. A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．the fastest 9．（2024·天津红桥·二模）Norman Bethune was Canadian, but he is one of __________ heroes in China. A．the more famous B．the most famous C．more famous D．famous 10．（2024·天津滨海新·一模）Lingling is one of ________ students in her class. A．careful B．more careful C．most careful D．the most careful 11．（2024·天津·一模）I like playing the piano. I think it is _______ thing in the world. A．the most enjoyable B．as enjoyable as C．more enjoyable D．less enjoyable 12．（2024·天津和平·二模）He ________ eats fruit or vegetables for meals, so he gets ill easily. A．silently B．simply C．probably D．hardly 13．（2024·天津河东·一模）—How was your first English class, Daming? —It was great. Mrs. Brown spoke ________ and all of us could follow her. A．clear enough B．enough clear C．clearly enough D．enough clearly 二、完成句子 14．（2023·天津和平·二模）我认为我们都需要帮助动物平静地生存。 I think we all need to help animals live . 15．（2023·天津和平·三模）她一个人坐在饭厅里。 She was sitting in the dining hall. 16．（2022·天津和平·二模）在走了很长的一段路后，我们感觉有点累。 After a long walk, we felt tired. 连词 一．连词易错点 （1） 连词现象： Although ，though 与 but 通常不连用。 because 与 so 不连用 。if (如果)与 then 不连用。 （2） 就近一致连词 neither...nor , either...or ,not only...but also not...but... there be句型 3） 句型转换常见的：连接句子与 to do 形式 ，because +句子（有完整主谓结构）because of +介词宾语（名词等）， in order to do (in order not to do ) 和in order that +句子， so as to和 so as that +句子 ，so...that +句子 与too...to do 及enough to do ，so good a book that +句子与 such a good book that+句子 so good that+句子 （4） 重要联词的应用 最近中招常考 unless（=if not)除非， or 否则（威胁，劝告）， as if / as though (仿佛）， even if / even though (即使）， not...until (直到...才) 二．连词常考点 考点一：并列连词 1.并列连词的分类：按照其在句中的作用可分为表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系和因果关系的连词。 ①表示并列关系的连词：and, both...and...(既...又...), not only..but also..(不但...而且...), neither...nor...(既不...也不...)等。 ②表示转折关系的连词：but, yet(而), while(然而)，however等。 ③表示选择关系的连词：or, either...or...(或者...或者.../不是...就是...)等 ④表示因果关系的连词：for, so，therefore等。 2.常考的四个连词： 连词 主要用法 例句 and 表并列，连接词、短语或句子 Lily and Kate are good students. They sang and danced at the party last night. Be careful and you will make fewer mistakes. ①“和，又”，变为否定句时，用or ②“那么”，祈使句+and+陈述句 or 表选择，连接词、短语或句子 She can't sing and dance. Which season do you like better,spring or summer? Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. ①“和”，用于否定句中 ②“或者”，用于选择疑问句中，不用yes/no回答 ③“否则”，祈使句+or+陈述句 but “但是;然而”,表示转折关系,连接意思相反的词、短语或句子，不与although/though连用 I like English, but I don't like math. He is young but very experienced. so “因此;所以”,表示因果关系,连接两个句子，不与because连用 Monkeys are very clever, so we like them. 3.常考的连词短语 neither...nor... 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词采用“就近原则” either...or... 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词采用“就近原则” not only...but also... 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词采用“就近原则” both...and... 连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 as well as 连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 例：Neither she nor I like playing basketball. Either you or I am right. He plays not only basketball but also football. Not only she but also I am a student. Both you and I are students. 4.However however为副词，表转折时，常做插入语（用逗号隔开）。 如：I offered Sandy a helping hand. However,she refused it. 专项训练 1.Nobody can go back and have a new beginning， 　　　everybody can start now and make a new ending.  A.so　　　　 B.but　　　　 C.or　　　　 D.for 2.Last night I heard a noise coming from the kitchen， 　　　I got out of bed to have a look.  A.but　　　　 B.so　　　　 C.or　　　　 D.for 3.—Mum， what time is it now? —It’s 6:20. Get up， 　　　you’ll be late for school.  A.so　　　　 B.and　　　　 C.or　　　　 D.but 4. —Learning to love is like learning to walk. —Yes. Step out bravely 　　　you’ll find it’s not so difficult.  A.or　　　　 B.and　　　　 C.but　　　　 D.so 5.You should go to bed early tonight， 　　　we won’t get to the railway station on time.   A.so　　　　 B.or　　　　 C.but　　　　 D.and 考点二：从属连词 从属连词用来引导名词性从句及各种状语从句，起连接主句和从句的作用。 引导 名词性从句 That ①只起连接作用，不做句子成分②在句中没有实际意义 ③在宾语从句中通常可以省略 The girl feels that the weather is cold. if/whether ①表示“是否” ②不做句子成分 He asked me if/whether I knew Mike. I wonder whether he will come or not. 引导 状语从句 时间状语从句 （主将从现、 主过从过） when/while/as当...时候 I was sleeping when she came in. I was sleeping while she was running. I will tell her the news when she comes to see me next week. after在...之后 I went to bed after I finished my homework. before在...之前 I finished my homework before I went to bed. as soon as一...就... I’ll call you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing. until直到...为止 I won’t go home until ten o’clock. (not...until) since自...以来 I have had it since I was ten years old. ha 地点状语从句 where Where there is a will,there is a way. Wherever you go,home is the best. wherever 原因状语从句 Because/as/since I was late for school this morning because I stayed up late last night. 比较状语从句 than比 I’m taller than you. as...as...与...一样 I am as tall as you. not as/so...as...不如 English is not as/so difficult as Math. 让步状语从句 although/though/while/even if/even though Although/Though/Even if/Even though he has a cold,he still goes to school. 条件状语从句 （主将从现、 主情从现、 主祈从现） if如果 We will stay at home tomorrow if it is rainy. unless除非 You will fail unless you work hard. as/so long as只要 You will get good grades as long as you study hard. 方式状语从句 as像/与...一样 We did as he told us. as if/as though好像 It seems as if it is going to rain. 目的状语从句 in order to/that目的是.../为了... I saved my money in order to buy a bike. I saved my money in order that I can buy a bike. I saved my money so that I can buy a bike. so that/so以便 结果状语从句 so/such...that...如此...以致于... It was so cold that we don’t want to go outside. It was such a cold day that we don’t want to go outside. 辨析1：so...that...和such...that... (1) so+形容词/副词+that从句 例：He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him. (2) so+many/few+可数名词复数+that从句 例：He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句 例：They made so much noise that the teacher got angry. (3) such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句 例：This is such an interesting book that I want to read it again. (4) such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 例：She told us such funny stories that we all laughed. 辨析2：so...that...、too...to...(太...而不能)和not...enough to... He is so young that he can’t look after himself. =He is too young to look after himself. =He is not old enough to look after himself. 一、用适当的连词完成下列句子 1.Lucy tried to be brave,　 　results always made her disappointed.  2.　 　you don't learn English well, you will miss the chance to travel abroad.  3.　 　Mr.Miller takes a bus, he will be here on time.  4.You cannot see the clouds 　 　the sky is very clear.  5.It's easy to get there.You can 　 　ride a bike 　 　take a bus.  6.The book was so interesting that Jim had read it for three hours 　 　he got it.  7.Miss Chen has been teaching in this school 　 　she was 26 years old.  8.　 　Mr.Liu is over sixty years old, he still plans to learn a second language.  9.Three buses went by in the opposite direction 　 　 we were waiting at the bus stop.  10.“This is our first lesson,　 　I don't know all your names,” said Miss White.  二、从方框中选择合适的单词或短语，并用其适当形式填空，每个单词或短语限用一次。 so...that not only...but also... until neither...nor... before both...and... so that or since but 1．You will not get the special gift ______ you finish all the tasks. 2．Remember to turn off the lights ________ you leave the office. 3．It's a pity that ________ my father ____ my mother has time to attend my graduation party. 4．—I think I am the shyest in my class. What should I do? —Be more active in class ________ you can improve your ability to express yourself. 5．My hometown has changed a lot ______ the subway was put into use. 6．It took us nearly eight hours to get to Zibo, ____ it was worth it because it's an amazing city, where people are kind and friendly. 7．Hurry up, __ you will miss the beginning of the concert. 8．Peter is ____ a good swimmer ____ a good cook. 9．__________ did their team win the game, __________ they also set a new record. 10．Tom ran __ quickly ____ none of us could catch up with him. 三．语法填空 （2024深圳一模） How much do you know about Wushu? Wushu, also known as martial arts, is one of the earliest 1 （sport） in China. It uses both body and brain. What's more, Wushu is an outstanding example of 2 （tradition） Chinese cultures. It can explain 3 Chinese people understand the world. Over its long history, Wushu 4 （develop） into a special unity of exercise, self-protection and art. As a sport and 5 artistic form, Wushu has gained great popularity in China. In Shenzhen, some schools have Wushu classes for kids. Every training 6 （require） students to take it seriously. Only by training hard can they build up 7 （they） bodies and meet the challenges in the future. As a competitive sport with great fitness value, Wushu has spread 8 （wide） across the world. Many masters helped make Wushu world-famous. Thanks to them, the word “kung fu” appeared in many foreign language dictionaries. Many Chinese have set up Wushu schools outside China, providing people 9 the chance to experience the fantastic sport. During the Hangzhou Asian Games in 2023, more people were able 10 （enjoy） the beauty of Wushu. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02.代词、形容词、副词、连词精讲 代词 一．代词易错点 1.反身代词： help yourself to ..., Tom. /help yourselves to..., boys. /I study for myself.宾语与主语指向一致，用反身代词 2.物主代词： yours = your book 3.不定代词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数 eg. Is everyone here No, they aren’t. 4.sometimes的意思是“有时”， sometime意思是“在某个时候”。some time意思是“一段时间”(time是不可数名词,后面不加s) 。some times意思是“几次”。 4.(1)few 和little 的区别：有就是有，没有就是没有，few 修饰可数名词复数，little修饰不可数名词。带有a——表示有一些，肯定 a few books 有一些书 few books 没有书 a little water 一些水 little water 没有水 记：few ——fewer——fewest little——less——least 5.too much(太多，常修饰不可数名词 )—— too many(太多 常修饰可数名词复数 ) much too(太多，常修饰形容词或放动词后面 )—— many too（错误书写） 把前面的词划掉，后面的接什么，合起来就可以接什么 6.英语的“两个与三个” 两个都—both（作主谓用复） 两个都不—neither（作主谓用单） 两者中任何一个—either 三个都—all 三者中任何一个—any 两者之间—between 三者之间—among 二．代词常考点 考点一 人称代词 1. 人称代词的分类 人称 主格 宾格 单数 复数 单数 复数 第一人称 I we me us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he they him them she her it it 2. 人称代词的用法 人称代词的主格在句中作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语。 We are middle school students. 我们是中学生。 I wrote a letter to him last week. 上周我给他写了一封信。 考点二 物主代词 1. 物主代词的分类 人称 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 第一人称 my our mine ours 第二人称 your your your your 第三人称 his their his theirs her hers its its 2. 物主代词的用法 (1) 形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。 That is our classroom. 那是我们的教室。 (2) 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可作主语、表语或宾语。 This is your pen. Mine is in my pencil case. 这是你的钢笔。 我的在我的铅笔盒里。 (3) 用于双重所有格中,即“a/ an+名词+of+名词性物主代词”。 He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。 考点三 反身代词 1. 反身代词的单复数形式 2. 反身代词的用法 (1) 作宾语,当主语和宾语是同一人时，宾语要用反身代词 The boy teaches himself English. 这个男孩儿自学英语。 (2) 作同位语,用以加强语气强调某人亲自做某事 John himself did the work. =John did the work himself. 约翰亲自做了这项工作。 注意:反身代词不可作定语,常用“one's own”表示“某人自己的”。 This is my own car. 这是我自己的小汽车。 3. 反身代词常用于一些固定搭配中 teach oneself(自学); by oneself（独自）; enjoy oneself（玩得开心）；dress oneself；hurt oneself； 考点四 指示代词 单数 复数 指近处 this these 指远处 that those 1. 作主语、宾语、表语。 This is a chair. 这是一把椅子。 2. 在电话中,用 this (我) 表示打电话者,用于介绍自己,用 that (你) 询问对方。 Hello! This is Bob (speaking). Who's that? 您好! 我是鲍勃。 你是哪位? 3. that 和 those 可以用在比较结构中,以避免重复。 that 代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数词;those 代替前面提到的复数可数名词。 The population of China is larger than that of Russia. 中国的人口比俄罗斯人口多。 考点五 疑问代词 常见的疑问代词及其基本用法 疑问代词 基本用法 例句 who 作主语、表语或宾语(作宾语时,不能位于介词后面) Who are you waiting for? 你正在等谁? whom who 的宾格形式,作宾语 With whom did you go? 你和谁一起去的? whose who 的所有格形式,作主语、表语、宾语或定语 Whose book is it? 它是谁的书? what 作主语、表语、宾语或定语 What is he doing? 他正在做什么? which 作主语、表语、宾语或定语 Which one is bigger? 哪一个更大? 考点六 不定代词 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。 不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。 1. 普通不定代词 主要有: some, any, both, all, another, other, each, either, neither, none, one, a few, few, a little, little, many, much 等。 2. 几种常见的普通不定代词的用法辨析 (1) one 与 it 相同点 单词 用法 例句 为了避免同一名词重复使用,常用 one 或 it 来代替前面提到的某个单数名词 one one 所代替的是前面提到的同类事物,但不是同一个 I can't find my pen. I think I must buy a new one. 我找不到我的钢笔了。我想我必须买一支新的。 it it 所代替的是前面提到的那个特指的事物 I bought a new pen yesterday, and I gave it to my sister. 我昨天买了一支新钢笔,我把它给我妹妹了。 (2) some 与 any 相同点 单词 用法 例句 修饰可数或不可数名词 some 陈述句 There are some boys playing football.有一些男孩们正在踢足球。 疑问句 Would you like some water? 你想喝些水吗? any 否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句 There isn't any meat in the fridge.冰箱里没有肉了。 (3) both, all, neither, none, either 与 any 之一 都 都不 适用范围 两者 either both neither 三者或以上 any all none 固定短语 both … and …(连接两个主语,谓语动词用复数) either … or …(连接两个主语,谓语动词遵循就近原则) neither … nor …(连接两个主语,谓语动词遵循就近原则) (4) little, a little, few 与 a few 很少;几乎没有(表否定) 几个;一点儿(表肯定) 修饰可数名词 few a few 修饰不可数名词 little a little 例句 Don't worry! There is a little time left. 别着急! 还有一点儿时间。 He has a few friends here, but he has few good friends.在这里他有几个朋友,但是几乎没有好朋友。 (5) other(s), the other(s), another 概念成 份数 泛指剩下中的一部分(不用 the) 特指剩下中的全体(要用 the) 作主语/ 宾语 作定语(其后加名词) 作主语/ 宾语 作定语(其后加名词) 单数 another another book the other the other book 复数 others other books the others the other books 3. 复合不定代词 -one -thing -body some- someone something somebody any- anyone anything anybody every- everyone everything everybody no- no one nothing nobody (1) 一般情况下,由 some 构成的复合不定代词用在肯定句中;由 any 构成的复合不定代词用在疑问句和否定句中;由 no 构成的复合不定代词表示否定意义。 I have something to tell you. 我有事要告诉你。 I can't see anything. 我什么也看不见。 (2) 形容词或 else 修饰不定代词时,通常位于不定代词之后。 Do you want anything else? 你还想要其他的东西吗? (3) 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 考点七 代词 it 的用法 1. it 用来指除人以外的一切生物和事物,可指时间、距离、天气、温度、度量等。 —What's the weather like today? 今天天气怎样? —It's sunny. 很晴朗。 2. it 可用来代替指示代词 this 和 that。 —What's this/ that? 这/ 那是什么? —It's an apple. 是苹果。 3. it 指婴儿或不明身份的人。 Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩? 2. it 代替动词不定式作形式主语。 句式：It is+形容词(+for sb.)+to do It is+time for sb. to do It takes sb. 时间 to do It's important for us to work hard. 努力工作对我们来说很重要。 3. it 代替动词不定式作形式宾语。 句式 主语+think/find/make it 形容词(+for sb.) +to do I found it easy to work out the Math problem. 我发现算出这道数学题很容易。 1．（2024·天津·中考真题）When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________. A．my; myself B．my; mine C．me; myself D．me; mine 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我父母出差时，我自己照顾自己。 考查代词辨析。my我的，形容词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；me我，宾格。第一处作定语修饰parents，用形容词性物主代词；第二处主语和宾语是同一人，所以是“照顾自己”，用反身代词。故选A。 2．（2023·天津·中考真题）________ teacher talked to ________ about the stories of the Silk Road. A．Our; us B．Our; we C．Ours; us D．Ours; we 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们的老师给我们讲了丝绸之路的故事。 考查代词辨析。Our我们的，形容词性物主代词；us我们，宾格；Ours我们的，名词性物主代词；we我们，主格代词。空一后有名词，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，可排除CD选项；介词to后跟代词宾格。故选A。 3．（2021·天津·中考真题）Mike’s aunt is ________ English teacher. We all like ________. A．our; she B．our; her C．we; he D．we; her 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Mike的阿姨是我们的英语老师，我们都喜欢她。 考查代词辨析。our我们的，形容词性物主代词；we我们，人称代词主格；he他，人称代词主格；her她/她的，人称代词宾格/形容词性物主代词；she她，人称代词主格。第一个空后有名词，用形容词性物主代词修饰，排除C和D，第二个空在谓语动词like后，用人称代词宾格。故选B。 4．（2024·天津滨海新·一模）—Tony, are there ________ milk and vegetables in the fridge? — Let me see. Oh, there are ________ in it. A．some; some B．any; some C．any; any D．some; any 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——托尼，冰箱里有一些牛奶和蔬菜吗？——让我看看。哦，里面有一些。 考查some和any的区别。some一般用于肯定句，表示“一些”，用于疑问句时，表示建议，请求等；any一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句，表示“一些”，用于肯定句时，表示“任何的”。根据“Tony, are there...milk and vegetables in the fridge?”和“Oh, there are...in it.”可知，一空处为一般疑问句，此处是询问冰箱里是否有一些牛奶和蔬菜，milk前需用any修饰，排除A和D，二空处答语为肯定句，即冰箱里有一些，应用some指代。故选B。 5．（2024·天津和平·一模）I saw two boys at the door, but ________ of them is my brother. A．either B．neither C．none D．both 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我看见门口有两个男孩，但他们都不是我的兄弟。 考查代词辨析。either两者中任何一个；neither两者都不；none三者或三者以上都不；both两者都。根据“I saw two boys at the door, but...”可知，but表示转折，说明看到的两个男孩都不是我的兄弟，故选B。 6．（2024·天津滨海新·一模）—Is this mobile phone a new type? —Yes, I bought _________ last weekend. A．it B．that C．one D．this 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这部手机是新型的吗？——是的，我上周末买的。 考查代词辨析。it它；that那个；one一个；this这个。根据语境可知，此处指代上文提到的手机，指同一个物品用代词it。故选A。 7．（2024·天津滨海新·一模）—Is there ________ in today’s menu? —Yes. We have Beijing Roast Duck. A．special anything B．special nothing C．anything special D．nothing special 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——今天的菜单有什么特别的吗？——是的。我们有北京烤鸭。 考查复合不定代词。special anything错误形式；special nothing错误形式；anything special有任何特别的事；nothing special没什么特别的。修饰复合不定代词的形容词作定语时，要位于复合不定代词后面。根据“Yes. We have Beijing Roast Duck.”可知是询问今天的菜单有什么特别的，故选C。 8．（2023·天津河东·二模）None of them has an environment like ________ of the earth, so scientists do not think they will find life on planets. A．this B．it C．one D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：它们都没有像地球那样的环境，所以科学家认为它们不会在行星上找到生命。 考查不定代词。this这个；it它，指同类同物；one一个，指同类不同物；that那个，用于比较代指。此处表示“像地球那样的环境”，为了避免重复，用that代替前面已出现过的不可数名词environment。故选D。 9．（2023·天津河东·二模）Why don’t you turn off the light? ________ is in the library. A．Nobody B．Everybody C．Somebody D．Anybody 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你为什么不关灯？图书馆里没有人。 考查复合不定代词含义辨析。Nobody表示“没有人”；Everybody表示“每人”；Somebody表示“有人，某人”；Anybody表示“任何人”。根据“turn off the light”，可知，没有人了。故选A。 10．（2023·上海金山·一模）Before FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 (2022年卡塔尔国际足联世界杯), only________ students in our class knew about the country Qatar. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在2022年卡塔尔国际足联世界杯之前，我们班级只有一些学生知道卡塔尔这个国家。 考查不定代词。few几乎没有，修饰可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一些，修饰不可数名词。“students”是可数名词，且“only a few”是表示“只有一点”，所以用a few。故选B。 二、完成句子 11．（2023·天津南开·二模）我们互相看了看，沉默不语。 We looked at in silence. 【答案】 each other 【详解】对比中英文可知，此空应填“互相，彼此”each other，固定短语。故填each；other。 12．（2021·天津和平·模拟预测）现在是回到学校的时候了。 It’s time to to school now. 【答案】 go back 【详解】通过对比中英文句子可知，空格处表示“回到”，即“go back（to）”。根据固定句式“It’s time to do sth..”可知，这里要填动词原形。故填go back。 13．（2021·天津南开·三模）他们互相看了看便笑了起来。 They looked at and laughed. 【答案】 each other 【详解】互相each other，在句中作宾语，故填each；other。 形容词、副词 形容词、副词 易错点 （1） 比较 A=B as +原形+ as / not as (so). +原形+.. as... A＞B more...than...比较级标志词——than A< B less...than... 最高级 典型标志词：in ,of , among 最高级和比较级的转换： The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. The Changjiang River is longer than any river in India. （2）A≠B 用比较级解释句子 This food isn't so delicious as that food. This food is less delicious than this food. 或 That food is more delicious than this food. （3）必须掌握的修饰比较级的四个词： much, a little, even, far He is much taller than Tom. 比较级、最高级的不规则变化： 口诀：两病两多并两好，距离老远少迟到 bad/badly/ill : worse worst much/many : more most good/well : better best far : farther farthest--further furthest old : older oldest-- elder eldest little :less least （4） 特殊句型： 比较级 and 比较级......“越来越......” more and more 越来越多 He is growing taller and taller. The +比较级，the +比较级...“越......越......” The sooner you come, the earlier we would arrive. She can't be more beautiful!（她漂亮极了。 ） I have never seen a more beautiful girl! She can't help crying.（can’t help doing 忍不住） She can't wait to open the box.(can’t wait to do 迫不及待) en.12999.com 形容词 形容词是用来描述人或事物的性质、特征或状态的一种开放性词类，主要用于修饰名词和部分代词。 考点一：形容词的基本功能 1.作定语，放在名词前，不定代词后。 Professor White gave us an interesting book. Something serious has happened to him. 2.作表语，放在系动词be, feel, turn, become, seem等后面。 He looked worried just now. This kind of food tastes delicious. 3.做宾语补足语, 放在keep、make、leave等动词的宾语后，进一步补充说明宾语。 We must try our best to keep our environment clean. Alice often makes us happy. Tips: 1.常用作表语的形容词：alone 、asleep 、afraid 、awake、alive、ill、worth、sorry、glad 等 2.the+某些形容词相当于名词，表示一类人。如：the old、the young、the rich、the poor等 3.复合形容词： ①主要用作定语，不作表语。结构：数词+名词（+形容词）a fifteen-year-old boy ②特点：各词之间有连字符；名词用单数。 4.表示长宽高深、年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometers long. 考点二：形容词/副词的比较等级 1．形容词比较级和最高级规则变化表 原级 比较级 最高级 例词 一般情况：单音节和部分双音节 在词尾+er 在词尾+est tall--taller--tallest hard--harder--hardest 以-e结尾 在词尾+r 在词尾+st large--larger--largest 以辅音字母+y结尾 改y为i+er 改y为i+est easy--easier--easiest 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母(辅元辅结构) 双写末尾的辅音字母+er 双写末尾的辅音字母+est big--bigger--biggest hot--hotter--hottest 多音节单词 more+多音节单词 most+多音节单词 beautiful--more beautiful-- most beautiful 注意： ①.只要是以ly结尾的副词都在前面加more/most，有后缀的例如-ful；-al；-able；-ed；-ing；-tive等结尾的在前面加more/most ②.以ly结尾但是是形容词的需变y为i，例如early-earlier-earliest；friendly-friendlier-friendliest ③.是辅元辅结构但是不双写的形容词和动词： A.单词以-y/-x/-w结尾的都不双写,例play、enjoy、stay、slow、few、box、fix、mix B.重音在前：open、listen、happen、visit、develop、cover、discover、water、order、answer 初中阶段以r结尾的只有prefer-preferred需要双写 2．形容词（副词）比较等级不规则变化表 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much/some more most little less least old older/elder oldest/eldest far farther/further farthest/furthest 3.原级的用法 ①. “as+形容词/副词原级+as”表示双方在程度、特征等方面相等。 Basketball is as popular as football here. Mr. Smith said his son was as hard-working as his daughter. ②. “not as/so +形容词/副词原级+as”表示“. . . 不如. . . ” This room is not as/so big as that one. ③. 倍数表示法：一倍once；两倍twice；三倍或三倍以上：基数词+times 用法 举例 表示“是……几倍”： 倍数＋as＋形容词／副词原级＋as The room is three times as big as that one. “比……大几倍”： 倍数＋形容词／副词比较级＋than The room is three times bigger than that one. ④．只能修饰原级的词：very，quite，too，so，rather 4.比较级用法 ①.. . . 比较级+than . . . He made fewer mistakes than you. He has read four times more books than I have. ②.比较级+and+比较级 或“more and more +多音节形容词/副词的原级”越来越…… Our country is becoming more and more beautiful . He runs faster and faster when he is near the finishing line. ③.the+比较级，the+比较级：越……，就越…… The more difficult the problem is, the more careful we should be. The more we know each other, the better we understand each other. ④.表示"两者之间哪一个更……，用句型"Which/Who+谓语动词+比较级，A or B？"表示。 Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth？哪个离太阳更近，月亮还是地球？ ⑤.a lot/much/a little/a bit/even/still/far/rather/+比较级，表示差别的程度大小。 It was much cheaper than I had expected. 5.最高级用法： 形容词最高级前一定要有the，副词最高级可省略the ①.最高级+of/in/among+范围短语 He is the youngest child of all his classmates. ②.one of+最高级+名词复数 Shenzhen is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. ③.the+序数词+最高级+单数名词 The Huanghe River is the second longest river in China. ④表示在三者成三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用"which/Who is + the+形容词最高级，A，B or C？"结构. Which is the biggest，the sun，the moon or the earth？太阳、月死和地球，哪一个最大？ ⑤比较级表达最高级的意义 any other student the other student any of the other students My son is taller than in his class 考点三：形容词的常用结构 1. It is+adj. +for+sb. +to do对某人来说，做……是……的 2. It is+adj. +of+sb. +to do某人去做某事，真是很…… 3. adj. +enough+to do足够……去做某事 4. such a/an+adj. +that. . . 一个如此……的……，以至于…… 5. so+adj. +that. . . 如此……以至于…… 副词 副词指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，一般充当状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词，此外还可修饰整个句子。 考点一：副词的分类 1．时间副词：表示动作发生的时间，是确定句子时态的重要标志，一般放在句首或末尾 today在今天；tomorrow在明天；soon很快；now现在；recently最近； 2．地点副词：表示动作发生的地点或位置，前面不加介词（例：go home；come here） home家；here在这里；there在那里；outside在外面；abroad在国外 3.方式副词：描述动作发生的方式。 carefully细心地；politely 有礼貌地；slowly 缓慢地；loudly 大声地 4.程度副词：描述动作或状态的程度。 pretty相当；very很，非常；quite相当；rather相当；really真正地；enough 注意：enough的用法 词性 结构 例句 形容词 enough＋名词 We have enough time to finish the work. 我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。 副词 adj./adv./v.+ enough+to do The book is easy enough to read.这本书读起来很容易。 Can you get there quickly enough？你能尽快赶到那里吗？ You don’t practice enough at the piano.你钢琴弹奏练习得不够。 5.频度副词：表示一定时间内动作发生的频率。 频率副词 例句 He usually gets up early.他通常很早起床。 I’ve never heard him singing.我从来没有听过他唱歌。 She is seldom ill.她很少生病。 注意：频率副词在句中的位置：实义动词之前，be动词、情态动词、助动词之后。 单词 作用 例句 how 表方式 How can I get to the supermarket？我怎样才能到达超市呢？ when 表时间 When will the meeting begin？会议将在什么时候开始呢？ where 表地点 Where will you go to spend your vacation？你要去哪里度假？ why 表原因 Why didn’t you follow my advice？你为什么不听我的劝告？ 6.疑问副词：用来引导疑问句。 区别： (1)how often多久一次,常用never/ hardly/ sometimes/ often/ usually/ always及twice a week等回答 (2)how long 多长时间,常用 (for )+时间段/since+时间点/about+时间段回答 --How long have you lived in China? --For two years/Since two years ago. --How long does it take from Xiamen to Shanghai by train? --About 8 hours. (3)how soon 多快,常用in + 时间段回答 --How soon will you come back? --In three months. (4)how far多远,问距离 --How far is it from here to your school? --About ten minutes' walk./Three miles. 7.连接副词:连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why 8.关系副词:引导定语从句:when,where,why 考点二：副词的语法功能 功能 作用 例句 作状语 方式副词修饰动词，一般放在被修饰词之后 Mary sings so beautifully.玛丽唱得很动听。 She listens to the teacher carefully.她认真听老师讲课。 程度副词修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般放在被修饰词前面 I really like English.我真的很喜欢英语。 The food here is really delicious.这里的食物真的很好吃。 He looks strong and plays football very well.他看起来很强壮，足球也踢得很好。 位于句首，修饰整个句子 Luckily，a policeman saw him and helped him.幸运的是，一个警察看见并帮助了他。 考点三：副词的构词法：许多副词是由形容词变化而来 1. 一般情况下形容词+1y： quick—quickly, polite—politely, careful—carefully, brave—bravely 2. 以le结尾的变le为ly： terrible—terribly；simple—simply；comfortable—comfortably；probable—probably；possible—possibly； 3. 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i 再加ly： easy—easily, happy—happily, busy—busily 4. 特殊：去e+1y：true—truly（初中阶段唯一的单词） good-well 以ly结尾是形容词的词：friendly，；lovely；lively；lonely；daily；curly等 1．（2023·天津河东·二模）The ________ we look after our environment, the ________ our world will be. A．most carefully; most beautiful B．more carefully; more beautifully C．more careful; more beautiful D．more carefully; more beautiful 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们越仔细地保护我们的环境，我们的世界就会越美丽。 考查比较级结构。本句是“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构，意为“越……，越……”，排除A；第一空修饰动词短语，故应用副词carefully，排除选项C；根据“our world will be”可知，第二空作表语，应用形容词。故选D。 2．（2024·天津·中考真题）Many people think eating at home is ________ than eating in the restaurant. A．healthy B．healthier C．healthiest D．the healthiest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多人认为在家吃饭比在餐馆吃饭更健康。 考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知，应使用形容词比较级，故选B。 3．（2022·天津·中考真题）Travelling by train is slower than by plane. But it’s ________ than by plane. A．interesting B．less interesting C．more interesting D．most interesting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：乘火车旅行比乘飞机慢。但它比坐飞机更有趣。 考查形容词比较级。interesting有趣的，原形；less interesting不那么有趣；more interesting更有趣的；most interesting最有趣的。根据“than”可知此处用比较级，排除AD；根据“Travelling by train is slower than by plane. But it’s...than by plane”可知虽然火车比较慢，但是它更有趣。故选C。 4．（2021·天津·中考真题）We will have a field trip this afternoon. The news makes everyone __________. A．excited B．frightened C．happily D．luckily 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今天下午我们将进行一次实地考察旅行。这个消息使大家都很兴奋。 考查形容词副词辨析。excited激动的，形容词；frightened害怕的，形容词；happily高兴地，副词；luckily幸运地，副词。根据“The news makes everyone...”可知，“make sb. adj.”表示“使某人……”，排除C、D项；再根据“We will have a field trip this afternoon.”可知下午将去实地考查，大家听到这个消息应该是“激动的”。故选A。 5．（2020·天津·中考真题）This street is much ________ than that one. A．wide B．wider C．widest D．the widest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这条街比那条街宽得多。 考查比较级。wide宽的,形容词原型；wider更宽的，形容词比较级；widest最宽的，形容词最高级；the widest最宽的，形容词最高级。根据句意理解及句中的than可知，这里应该用比较级的形式，表示两者之间的比较，故选B。 6．（2022·天津·中考真题）Although he failed many times, he ________ gave up his dream. A．nearly B．never C．often D．always 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然他失败了很多次，但是他从不放弃他的梦想。 考查副词辨析。nearly几乎；never从不；often经常；always总是。根据“Although he failed many times, he...gave up his dream”可知虽然他失败了，但是他从不放弃。故选B。 7．（2024·天津武清·三模）Martin is ________ than anyone else because he always has the courage to try new things. A．brave B．braver C．bravest D．more braver 【答案】B 【详解】句意：马丁比任何人都勇敢，因为他总是有勇气去尝试新事物。 考查比较级。根据“than”可知此处用比较级braver。故选B。 8．（2024·天津·二模）Jogging means running slowly, but it’s still ________ than walking. A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．the fastest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：慢跑意味着慢慢地跑，但它仍然比走路快。 考查形容词的比较级。fast快的，原级；faster更快的，比较级；fastest最快的，最高级；the fastest最快的，the+最高级。根据“than”可知，此处应用比较级。故选B。 9．（2024·天津红桥·二模）Norman Bethune was Canadian, but he is one of __________ heroes in China. A．the more famous B．the most famous C．more famous D．famous 【答案】B 【详解】句意：白求恩是加拿大人，但他是中国最著名的英雄之一。 考查形容词最高级的用法。one of+the+形容词的最高级+名词复数表示“最……的……之一”。故选B。 10．（2024·天津滨海新·一模）Lingling is one of ________ students in her class. A．careful B．more careful C．most careful D．the most careful 【答案】D 【详解】句意：玲玲是班上最细心的学生之一。 考查形容词最高级。careful仔细的，形容词；more careful形容词比较级；most careful形容词最高级；the most careful（the+形容词最高级）。根据“one of...students”可知，“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，空处需填“the+形容词最高级”，most careful为形容词最高级。故选D。 11．（2024·天津·一模）I like playing the piano. I think it is _______ thing in the world. A．the most enjoyable B．as enjoyable as C．more enjoyable D．less enjoyable 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我喜欢弹钢琴。我认为这是世界上最愉快的事情。 考查形容词最高级。the most enjoyable最愉快的；as enjoyable as一样令人愉快；more enjoyable更愉快；less enjoyable不太愉快。根据前文说喜欢，后文的限制范围是“in the world”，所以是最高级。故选A。 12．（2024·天津和平·二模）He ________ eats fruit or vegetables for meals, so he gets ill easily. A．silently B．simply C．probably D．hardly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他几乎不吃水果或蔬菜，所以他很容易生病。 考查副词辨析。silently沉默地；simply简单地；probably可能；hardly几乎不。根据“so he gets ill easily”可知，他很容易生病，是因为他几乎不吃水果或蔬菜，此处应填副词hardly“几乎不”来修饰动词“eats”。故选D。 13．（2024·天津河东·一模）—How was your first English class, Daming? —It was great. Mrs. Brown spoke ________ and all of us could follow her. A．clear enough B．enough clear C．clearly enough D．enough clearly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——大明，你的第一节英语课怎么样？——很棒。布朗老师讲得足够清楚并且我们都能跟上她。 考查形容词和副词。spoke是动词，应用副词clearly来修饰，enough作副词充当形容词或副词修饰语时必须后置，故选C。 二、完成句子 14．（2023·天津和平·二模）我认为我们都需要帮助动物平静地生存。 I think we all need to help animals live . 【答案】in peace/peacefully 【详解】对照中英文提示可知，这里需要表达“平静地”，可用介词短语in peace或者副词peacefully， 在句中作状语，修饰动词live。故填in peace/peacefully。 15．（2023·天津和平·三模）她一个人坐在饭厅里。 She was sitting in the dining hall. 【答案】alone 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺少“一个人”，其对应英文alone，副词修饰动词，故填alone。 16．（2022·天津和平·二模）在走了很长的一段路后，我们感觉有点累。 After a long walk, we felt tired. 【答案】 a little/bit 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，缺失内容为“有点”，其英文为“a little”或“a bit”。故填a；little/bit。 连词 一．连词易错点 （1） 连词现象： Although ，though 与 but 通常不连用。 because 与 so 不连用 。if (如果)与 then 不连用。 （2） 就近一致连词 neither...nor , either...or ,not only...but also not...but... there be句型 3） 句型转换常见的：连接句子与 to do 形式 ，because +句子（有完整主谓结构）because of +介词宾语（名词等）， in order to do (in order not to do ) 和in order that +句子， so as to和 so as that +句子 ，so...that +句子 与too...to do 及enough to do ，so good a book that +句子与 such a good book that+句子 so good that+句子 （4） 重要联词的应用 最近中招常考 unless（=if not)除非， or 否则（威胁，劝告）， as if / as though (仿佛）， even if / even though (即使）， not...until (直到...才) 二．连词常考点 考点一：并列连词 1.并列连词的分类：按照其在句中的作用可分为表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系和因果关系的连词。 ①表示并列关系的连词：and, both...and...(既...又...), not only..but also..(不但...而且...), neither...nor...(既不...也不...)等。 ②表示转折关系的连词：but, yet(而), while(然而)，however等。 ③表示选择关系的连词：or, either...or...(或者...或者.../不是...就是...)等 ④表示因果关系的连词：for, so，therefore等。 2.常考的四个连词： 连词 主要用法 例句 and 表并列，连接词、短语或句子 Lily and Kate are good students. They sang and danced at the party last night. Be careful and you will make fewer mistakes. ①“和，又”，变为否定句时，用or ②“那么”，祈使句+and+陈述句 or 表选择，连接词、短语或句子 She can't sing and dance. Which season do you like better,spring or summer? Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. ①“和”，用于否定句中 ②“或者”，用于选择疑问句中，不用yes/no回答 ③“否则”，祈使句+or+陈述句 but “但是;然而”,表示转折关系,连接意思相反的词、短语或句子，不与although/though连用 I like English, but I don't like math. He is young but very experienced. so “因此;所以”,表示因果关系,连接两个句子，不与because连用 Monkeys are very clever, so we like them. 3.常考的连词短语 neither...nor... 既不……也不……;两者都不…… 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词采用“就近原则” either...or... ……或者……;要么……要么…… 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词采用“就近原则” not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词采用“就近原则” both...and... 两者都…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 as well as 而且,还,又 连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 例：Neither she nor I like playing basketball. Either you or I am right. He plays not only basketball but also football. Not only she but also I am a student. Both you and I are students. 4.However however为副词，表转折时，常做插入语（用逗号隔开）。 如：I offered Sandy a helping hand. However,she refused it. 专项训练 1.Nobody can go back and have a new beginning， 　　　everybody can start now and make a new ending.  A.so　　　　 B.but　　　　 C.or　　　　 D.for 答案　B　考查并列连词。so所以;but但是;or或者，否则;for因为。根据题干可知，设空处前后是转折关系。故选B。 2.Last night I heard a noise coming from the kitchen， 　　　I got out of bed to have a look.  A.but　　　　 B.so　　　　 C.or　　　　 D.for 答案　B　考查并列连词。but但是;so所以;or或者;for因为。“Last night I heard a noise coming from the kitchen”与“I got out of bed to have a look”是因果关系，因为听到了声响，所以起床去看了一下，用so引出结果。故选B。 3.—Mum， what time is it now? —It’s 6:20. Get up， 　　　you’ll be late for school.  A.so　　　　 B.and　　　　 C.or　　　　 D.but 答案　C　考查并列连词。so所以;and和，并且;or或者，否则;but但是。此空填or表示不做某事的后果，即起床，否则就会迟到。故选C。 4. —Learning to love is like learning to walk. —Yes. Step out bravely 　　　you’ll find it’s not so difficult.  A.or　　　　 B.and　　　　 C.but　　　　 D.so 答案　B　考查并列连词。or或者，否则;and和;but但是;so因此。 “勇敢地走出去”和“你会发现它并没有那么难”是顺承关系，用“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型。故选B。 5.You should go to bed early tonight， 　　　we won’t get to the railway station on time.   A.so　　　　 B.or　　　　 C.but　　　　 D.and 答案　B　考查并列连词。so所以;or或者，否则;but但是;and和。此空应填or表示不做某事的后果。故选B。 考点二：从属连词 从属连词用来引导名词性从句及各种状语从句，起连接主句和从句的作用。 引导 名词性从句 That ①只起连接作用，不做句子成分②在句中没有实际意义 ③在宾语从句中通常可以省略 The girl feels that the weather is cold. if/whether ①表示“是否” ②不做句子成分 He asked me if/whether I knew Mike. I wonder whether he will come or not. 引导 状语从句 时间状语从句 （主将从现、 主过从过） when/while/as当...时候 I was sleeping when she came in. I was sleeping while she was running. I will tell her the news when she comes to see me next week. after在...之后 I went to bed after I finished my homework. before在...之前 I finished my homework before I went to bed. as soon as一...就... I’ll call you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing. until直到...为止 I won’t go home until ten o’clock. (not...until) since自...以来 I have had it since I was ten years old. ha 地点状语从句 where Where there is a will,there is a way. Wherever you go,home is the best. wherever 原因状语从句 Because/as/since I was late for school this morning because I stayed up late last night. 比较状语从句 than比 I’m taller than you. as...as...与...一样 I am as tall as you. not as/so...as...不如 English is not as/so difficult as Math. 让步状语从句 although/though/while/even if/even though Although/Though/Even if/Even though he has a cold,he still goes to school. 条件状语从句 （主将从现、 主情从现、 主祈从现） if如果 We will stay at home tomorrow if it is rainy. unless除非 You will fail unless you work hard. as/so long as只要 You will get good grades as long as you study hard. 方式状语从句 as像/与...一样 We did as he told us. as if/as though好像 It seems as if it is going to rain. 目的状语从句 in order to/that目的是.../为了... I saved my money in order to buy a bike. I saved my money in order that I can buy a bike. I saved my money so that I can buy a bike. so that/so以便 结果状语从句 so/such...that...如此...以致于... It was so cold that we don’t want to go outside. It was such a cold day that we don’t want to go outside. 辨析1：so...that...和such...that... (1) so+形容词/副词+that从句 例：He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him. (2) so+many/few+可数名词复数+that从句 例：He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句 例：They made so much noise that the teacher got angry. (3) such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句 例：This is such an interesting book that I want to read it again. (4) such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 例：She told us such funny stories that we all laughed. 辨析2：so...that...、too...to...(太...而不能)和not...enough to... He is so young that he can’t look after himself. =He is too young to look after himself. =He is not old enough to look after himself. 一、用适当的连词完成下列句子 1.Lucy tried to be brave,　 　results always made her disappointed.  2.　 　you don't learn English well, you will miss the chance to travel abroad.  3.　 　Mr.Miller takes a bus, he will be here on time.  4.You cannot see the clouds 　 　the sky is very clear.  5.It's easy to get there.You can 　 　ride a bike 　 　take a bus.  6.The book was so interesting that Jim had read it for three hours 　 　he got it.  7.Miss Chen has been teaching in this school 　 　she was 26 years old.  8.　 　Mr.Liu is over sixty years old, he still plans to learn a second language.  9.Three buses went by in the opposite direction 　 　 we were waiting at the bus stop.  10.“This is our first lesson,　 　I don't know all your names,” said Miss White.  1.but　2.If 　3.If 　4.because　5.either 　or　6.since　7.since 　8.Although/Though　9.while　10.so 二、从方框中选择合适的单词或短语，并用其适当形式填空，每个单词或短语限用一次。 so...that not only...but also... until neither...nor... before both...and... so that or since but 1．You will not get the special gift ______ you finish all the tasks. 2．Remember to turn off the lights ________ you leave the office. 3．It's a pity that ________ my father ____ my mother has time to attend my graduation party. 4．—I think I am the shyest in my class. What should I do? —Be more active in class ________ you can improve your ability to express yourself. 5．My hometown has changed a lot ______ the subway was put into use. 6．It took us nearly eight hours to get to Zibo, ____ it was worth it because it's an amazing city, where people are kind and friendly. 7．Hurry up, __ you will miss the beginning of the concert. 8．Peter is ____ a good swimmer ____ a good cook. 9．__________ did their team win the game, __________ they also set a new record. 10．Tom ran __ quickly ____ none of us could catch up with him. [答案]1．until2．before3．neither；nor4．so that5．since6．but7．or8．both；and9．Not only；but also 10．so；that 三．语法填空 （2024深圳一模） How much do you know about Wushu? Wushu, also known as martial arts, is one of the earliest 1 （sport） in China. It uses both body and brain. What's more, Wushu is an outstanding example of 2 （tradition） Chinese cultures. It can explain 3 Chinese people understand the world. Over its long history, Wushu 4 （develop） into a special unity of exercise, self-protection and art. As a sport and 5 artistic form, Wushu has gained great popularity in China. In Shenzhen, some schools have Wushu classes for kids. Every training 6 （require） students to take it seriously. Only by training hard can they build up 7 （they） bodies and meet the challenges in the future. As a competitive sport with great fitness value, Wushu has spread 8 （wide） across the world. Many masters helped make Wushu world-famous. Thanks to them, the word “kung fu” appeared in many foreign language dictionaries. Many Chinese have set up Wushu schools outside China, providing people 9 the chance to experience the fantastic sport. During the Hangzhou Asian Games in 2023, more people were able 10 （enjoy） the beauty of Wushu. 本文是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了中国武术。 [答案]1．sports 2．traditional 3．how 4．has developed 5．An 6．requires 7．their 8．widely 9．with 10．to enjoy [解析] 1．本题考查名词。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数“最……的……之一”，故填sports。 2．本题考查形容词。句意：更重要的是，武术是中国传统文化的杰出代表。此处修饰名词短语Chinese culture，用形容词traditional“传统的”，作定语，故填traditional。 3．本题考查宾语从句引导词。句意：它可以解释中国人是如何理解世界的。根据“Chinese people understand the world”可知，是指中国人如何理解世界，用how“如何”引导宾语从句，故填how。 4．本题考查时态。句意：在它悠久的历史中，武术已经发展成为一种集锻炼、自我保护和艺术于一体的特殊形式。根据“Over its long history”可知，时态为现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has，故填has developed。 5．本题考查冠词。句意：作为一种体育运动和艺术形式，武术在中国广受欢迎。根据“artistic form”可知，此处泛指一种艺术形式，artistic是以元音音素开头的单词，不定冠词用an，故填an。 6．本题考查时态。句意：每项训练都要求学生认真对待。本文主体时态是一般现在时，根据“Every training”可知，谓语动词用第三人称单数requires，故填requires。 7．本题考查代词。句意：只有通过刻苦训练，他们才能强身健体，迎接未来的挑战。根据“bodies”可知，此处用形容词性物主代词their，修饰名词，故填their。 8．本题考查副词。句意：武术作为一项极具健身价值的竞技体育项目，在世界范围内广泛传播。此处修饰动词spread，用副词形式，故填widely。 9．本题考查介词。句意：许多中国人在国外开办武术学校，为人们提供体验这项奇妙运动的机会。provide sb. with sth.“为某人提供某物”，故填with。 10．本题考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年杭州亚运会期间，更多的人能够欣赏到武术之美。be able to do sth.“能够做某事”，故填to enjoy。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$