北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题

北大附中2025届寒假阶段检测 英语 本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案作答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束，试卷和答题卡一并收回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 When I was a child, after bedtime I would often get out of my bed in my pajamas, go to the window and stare at the stars. I had so many questions. How far away were those tiny points of ___1___? Did space go on forever and ever? When I grew up, I became a professional astrophysicist (天体物理学家), but these questions continued to challenge and ___2___ me in my scientific research, causing me to live on bread and no sleep for days at a time while I was ___3___ with a science problem. Einstein once wrote that “the most beautiful experience we can have is the mysterious. It is the fundamental emotion which ___4___ true art and true science.” What did Einstein mean by “the mysterious?” I don’t think he meant that science is full of unknowable forces. I think that he meant a sense of ___5___, a sense that there are things larger than us, that we do not have all the answers at this moment. A sense that we can stand right at the boundary between the known and the unknown and gaze into the ___6___and be joyful rather than frightened. Scientists are happy, of course, when they find answers to questions. But scientists are also happy when they become ___7___, when they discover interesting questions that they cannot answer. Because that is when their imaginations and creativity are ___8___ on fire. That is when the greatest progress occurs. One of the ultimate goals in physics is to find the so-called “theory of everything”: the final theory that will ___9___ all the essential laws of nature. However, I hope that we never find that final theory. I hope that there are always things that we don’t know—about the physical world as well as about ourselves. I believe in the creative ______10______ of the unknown. I believe in the joy of standing at the boundary between the known and the unknown. I believe in the unanswered questions of children. 1. A. color B. light C. information D. difference 2. A. consume B. limit C. drive D. approve 3. A. concerned B. delighted C. strict D. obsessed 4. A. releases B. limits C. distinguishes D. nurtures 5. A. awe B. achievement C. urgency D. belonging 6. A. future B. mystery C. distance D. space 7. A. admirable B. realistic C. competitive D. stuck 8. A. lighted B. set C. found D. built 9. A. cover B. question C. evaluate D. innovate 10. A. writing B. expression C. power D. enthusiasm 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 After she ____11____ (lay) off as a Seattle city planner, Erin was looking for fun at-home projects when an iPhone box caught her eye. “If you took the plastic tray that held the phone and flipped it upside down, it looked just like a camera,” says Erin, an arts-and-design talent ____12____ tooled with that box until she made a working 35mm pinhole camera out of it. ____13____ Erin’s stack (大量) of these cameras grew, she started posting some of them on the online crafter’s paradise Etsy for around $200 each. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Over the years, the volume of information students need to learn and remember ____14____ (grow), as claimed by various studies. The post-pandemic educational systems, in particular, have experienced a shift toward including streaming of everyday lectures ____15____ our daily lives, allowing various playback speed options. Research has explored how adjusting playback speed affects ____16____ (concentrate). It often finds it beneficial to increase playback speed (1.5x to 2x) when ____17____ (deal) with extensive lecture recordings. However, a notable drop in performance is observed when the speed exceeds 2x. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 The concept of the law of reversed effort was defined by writer and philosopher Aldous Huxley. He explained the ____18____ (hard) we try with the conscious will to do something, the less we shall succeed. Effort ___19___ (become)a paradox (悖论). It is like swimming against the current in a river. We can swim upstream, using all our might ____20____ (fight) the rushing water and still not get close to where we need to be. Or we can let the current take us downstream and find a different spot to get out of the water. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Do you have a teenager who loves to throw parties? Would he or she like to learn the ins and outs of planning a great party? With this curriculum your teen will learn what it takes to plan a great party from beginning to end! $9 for a Limited Time! Click Here! WHAT WE COVER Other party planning books give “ready-to-go-party plans” created by the author along with a short list of random tips. This book teaches teens HOW to plan their own party… no matter the theme, size or occasion. They will learn real party planning skills that will carry them through life! Party Purpose What is the celebration? Is it to celebrate a sports season, a holiday or just a chance to get friends together? Selecting a theme We’ll brainstorm how to pick a theme and describe the feeling he/ she wants at the party. Following a Budget We don’t want to spend more than we have. We’ll look at how to create a budget and track spending as well as discuss needs vs. wants. Activities & Entertainment We’ll get creative for games and activities as well as share options for entertainment. Planning for Problems No party is perfect. We’ll share what to do when things go wrong. … COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS ●Can I buy this book in print? Not currently. The product is sold as a PDF but we encourage you to print the book yourself. You can put it in a 3-ring binder or take the printed copy to Office Max to bind in a spiral notebook for less than $5. ●What are the discount codes so I can buy multiple copies? Two copies: Save 30% with code SAVEON 2 Three or more copies: Save 40% with code SAVEON 3+ 21. What can be learnt from the book? A. Parties always follow the same pattern. B Teens should hold perfect parties at any cost. C. Teens needn’t prepare for unexpected situations. D. Party planning skills are useful beyond hosting events. 22. What is true about the format of the book? A. It is sold as a bound spiral notebook. B. It is a digital file that can be printed and bound. C. It does not allow printing due to copyright protection. D. It can be bought as a physical copy from the publisher. 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To introduce a practical book to teenagers. B. To review a book about party planning skills. C. To encourage parents to buy a book for teens. D. To explain benefits of learning party planning skills. B There was a girl named Sabrina who suffered from a severe peanut allergy. This condition, characterized by symptoms like severe itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing upon exposure to peanuts, could have been fatal if not detected and managed early. Fortunately, her allergy was identified at a young age. With the help of doctors and strict dietary measures, she was able to control her symptoms and lead a normal life. However, this experience had a profound impact on her, and she became passionate about helping others with the same suffering of chronic diseases like her. Sabrina realized that early detection was crucial for many such conditions. She decided to focus her studies on this area and eventually got admitted to the medical school of the Yale, where she specialized in the early detection of chronic diseases. During her studies, she encountered various chronic diseases with specific symptoms. One such disease was diabetes, characterized by high blood sugar levels, fatigue, frequent urination, and increased thirst. Another was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which caused persistent coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Nothing can get in the way of a strong-willed heart. Sabrina also studied heart diseases like coronary artery disease (冠心病), which often presented with chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. She learned that early detection of these diseases through regular screenings and lifestyle modifications could significantly improve patients’ quality of life and reduce the risk of severe complications. At Yale, Sabrina conducted research on developing more effective screening methods for these chronic diseases. Her work focused on identifying biomarkers and genetic factors that could predict the happening of these conditions, allowing for earlier intervention and better management. This little girl’s dedication and research have contributed significantly to the field of chronic diseases management. Her work has helped develop new screening tools and improved treatment strategies, bringing hope to countless individuals living with these conditions. Through her story and efforts, Sabrina has shown that early detection and intervention are key to overcoming the challenges posed by chronic diseases. 24. What life experience left the young girl a far-reaching influence? A. Her allergy to peanuts. B. Severe symptoms and pain. C. Simple and controlled dietary. D. Timely detection and early intervention. 25. About Sabrina’s learning life in the medical school, what can we learn? A. She majored in chronic diseases and their prevention. B. She found early cure can reduce the risk of these diseases. C. She is obsessed with identifying biomarkers and genetic aspects. D. She is expert in heart disease and diabetes relating to shortness of breath. 26. Which kind of traits can we summarize about Sabrina from her story? A. Insight and toughness. B. Openness and diligence. C. Passion and self-discipline. D. Integrity and kindness. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. Interest is the Best Teacher. B. Misfortune may be a blessing. C. Experience more, know more. D. Early Bird catches the Worm. C Historically, humans have learned they occupy no special position in the universe. Earth is not the center of the cosmos, nor is the solar system or the Milky Way galaxy. These realizations have been baked into cosmology (宇宙学), in the form of the “cosmological principle”, envisioning a homogenized (同质化的) universe, where, on sufficiently large scales, everything looks similar. Alexia Lopez of the University of Central Lancashire compares this to a beach. “If you put a handful of sand under a microscope, the sand grains would look like the special individuals they are. But if you were to walk across the beach, looking out at the sand dunes, all you would see is a uniform golden beige color.” This simplified principle enables astronomers to extrapolate (外推) local observations to the wider universe. Whether studying dark matter, galaxy formation, or the potential for extraterrestrial life, uniformity provides a baseline for understanding. Yet evidence suggests the universe might not be as consistent as once thought. One example comes from discovering structures like the Giant Are — a string of galaxies stretching 3.3 billion light-years — and the Big Ring, a galaxy torus 1.3 billion light-years across. These vast formations exceed the theoretical size limit of 1.2 billion light-years, beyond which the universe should appear smooth. Other irregularities appear in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), radiation from the Big Bang that permeates the universe. The CMB displays unexpected large-scale fluctuations, hinting an irregularities in the universe’s structure. Dragan Huterer of the University of Michigan notes these patterns remain unexplained and could challenge the principle of homogeneity. Some suggest these discrepancies might result from “cosmic variance”, the statistical uncertainty arising from studying a single observable universe. Perhaps unobserved regions could balance out the apparent irregularities. However, recent calculations suggest cosmic variance alone cannot account for the irregularities seen. Still, most cosmic observations hold up against the cosmological principle very well. So while scientists have enough information to reasonably question the idea’s validity, they aren’t at all ready to abandon it — particularly because no one has a solid alternative schema to replace it. Valerio Marra of the Astronomical Observatory of Trieste suggests that at large scales, different observers might perceive slightly different universes, complicating the idea of an “average”. The unique challenge of cosmology lies in its inability to conduct repeated experiments — we can only study one universe. While recent discoveries highlight potential flaws in the cosmological principle, they lack definitive evidence to overturn it. As Huterer says, “There’s no smoking-gun evidence for the violation of the principle.” For now, the cosmological principle remains a cornerstone, though one facing increasing careful examination as astronomers continue to probe the vast cosmos. 28. Cosmological principle refers to ______. A. the observation of the wider universe B. the exploration of the solar system C the uniformity of the universe D. the formation of galaxies 29. The author uses Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4 to ______. A. illustrate the irregularities in the universe’s structure B. present a challenge to the cosmological principle C. showcase the mass radiation from the Big Bang D. highlight the importance of cosmic variance 30. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Solid evidence has shown the violation of universal uniformity. B. Scientists remain hesitant to abandon the cosmological principle. C. The cosmological principle faces strong criticism from the public. D. Astronomers plan to explore more unknown areas of the universe. D Thanks to the popularity of Netflix’s new series “3 Body Problem,” we have a new existential threat to worry about: humanity’s urge to get exposed to the cosmos. Sociologists, game theorists and astrophysicists like Stephen Hawking have been warning for decades against transmitting signals that could reveal humanity’s location to interstellar (星际的) predators. They argue that the only civilizations that survive are the ones smart enough to keep quiet. A species that stands out as soon as it learns to transmit radio signals could fatally attract the attention of an older civilization with much more advanced technology, just as the European discovery of America led to the disaster for the native population. And it’s certainly possible that our technology seems so primitive that the aliens would consider us “savages (野蛮人),” as the European settlers called the natives they displaced. The fear of conquest by aliens rests on the questionable premise that they would greedily crave the natives’ land and resources. But that’s not how civilization is proceeding on Earth as our technology advances. In the past, armies fought wars over access to scarce resources (salt, grain, oil), and 20th-century intellectuals predicted that overpopulation would lead to an “age of scarcity” with catastrophic global shortages of food and energy. But thanks to technological progress, humans today are better nourished and wealthier than ever. Natural resources now matter less to individuals or societies seeking wealth than an intangible resource: knowledge. The modern economy is increasingly dominated by industries that traffic not in physical commodities but in information: software, communications, entertainment, artificial intelligence, education and research. Because of this economic shift, today we wouldn’t react as 16th-century Europeans did to the discovery of a “new world” with less advanced technology. We’d exploit it differently. Sure, there would be oil and mining companies ready to extract resources, but they’d run into fierce opposition from scientists, politicians, and activists determined to preserve and study its ecosystem and native cultures. Why wouldn’t aliens react similarly to the discovery of Earthlings? Why would a civilization with the technological ability to travel across the galaxy and conquer Earth be desperate for food or natural resources? Earth’s farmland and minerals would be far less valuable to the aliens than the knowledge to be gained from studying the strange new life-forms on Earth. Even if they regarded us as primitive creatures, even if they felt no moral obligation to spare an inferior species, they’d be as eager to observe us as we are to watch animals in a zoo. In fact, aliens may already be observing us without making themselves known, a possibility known as the “zoo hypothesis”. In this scenario, the reason we haven’t heard from aliens is that they want to observe the behavior and evolution of Earth’s creatures unaffected by outside influences. METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence) enthusiasts like to think that aliens would generously share their advanced and wondrous technology. But maybe the alien s would rather preserve us in our “natural” state so as not to contaminate the data they’re gathering. If that’s the case, then they would ignore our greetings. On the other hand, maybe alien civilizations have just been waiting for us to become capable of interstellar communication, and would be as curious to communicate with us as we would be with them. It’s always possible, of course, that we’ve heard nothing so far because we really are alone in the universe, or because we’re too far away from anyone else to communicate. But if any intelligent beings are out there in the darkness, let’s not assume they’re genocidal predators. It wouldn’t kill us to say hello. 31. The author writes Paragraph 3 mainly to ______. A. cast doubt on the view that aliens will invade the Earth for food and land B. show that humans are no longer savages thanks to technological progress C. warn against the threat of aliens due to humanity’s technological breakthroughs D. argue that overpopulation will also lead to shortage of resources in modern days 32. What can be inferred about the economic shift mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. It is largely driven by advancements in technology. B. It goes against the need for ecological preservation. C. It will lead to reduced opposition to resource extraction. D. It justifies the exploitation and displacement of the natives. 33. According to the zoo hypothesis, aliens may be observing the Earth secretly in order to ______. A. monitor the progress of human evolution B. assess the benefits of sharing their technology C. gain knowledge of humans without interference D. feel a sense of superiority over primitive life-forms 34. The author’s attitude towards contacting aliens can be best described as ______. A. fearful B. cautious C. doubtful D. optimistic 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Overcome Procrastination (拖延) Have you ever procrastinated? Don’t worry — we all have. Procrastination is not laziness — it’s stress! Putting off tackling a project has long been known to cause stress, but more recent studies show that stress itself is a cause of procrastination. Often when I start a project, everything seems to be swirling around me. ____35____ Such chaos is stressful and while stress and your stress response can be energizing, they can also prevent you from moving forward. That stress induced inactiveness can make you procrastinate, and that feeds into a dangerous cycle that makes you feel more stressed and stalls you even more. So, what can you do if you feel that way? Just beginning a task, no matter how tiny the bite, will get you over the inactiveness and get you going. That tiny bit helps you get in control and reduces the paralyzing stress that stops you from moving forward. ____36____ Set a do-able goal for yourself. If it’s your files that are worrying you, start by choosing one drawer, or even half a drawer to reorganize. When you’ve accomplished your goal for the day, stop! You will feel energized simply because you’ve begun. Is starting a writing project or a report your problem? A wise mentor one told me to start by creating the title page of a paper. That alone feels like an accomplishment. ____37____ The name of the game is to take baby steps towards whatever your goal is. ____38____ If you’ve been a couch potato for months, perhaps due to excessive work or having been ill, don’t try to run a marathon — start small. Do some marching steps while watching an old movie, or dance to a favorite tune. Do some kicks while sitting in a chair. You’ll feel energized from the exercise and from the fact that you’ve actually gotten off that couch! You may also let it marinate — do something completely different and come back to the project after you take a break. Take a walk, preferably in nature, and mindfully savor all the things you see and hear and smell. Go for a swim. Try a micro-meditation. Gaze out the window. Cook something for yourself or loved ones. Do it all with a friend or buddy, or in a program designed to help. ____39____ Connecting with friends enhances social support and buffers stress. All these activities will help reduce that stress block and get you energized to begin to tackle your daunting task. A. Chaos stops me in my tracks. B. I find myself in the midst of a sort of chaos. C. Doing some adequate exercise helps as well. D. The same strategy applies to exercise as well. E. Sharing the burden makes it easier to tackle the work. F. It reduces your stress and helps dissolve the writer’s block. G. Break the situation down into its smallest controllable parts. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Air travel has entered an especially fraught place in the public consciousness lately, mostly due to a recent series of incidents in which Boeing planes have caught fire. While no part of the plane may generally be the safest, you might believe that there is probably a best spot to be sitting when specific incidents happen. The common wisdom has long been that the back of a plane is the safest spot to sit. Reporting from Time magazine analyzed 35 years of crash data up to 2015 and found that statistically fewer people who were sitting in the back died in plane crashes. Trouble is, those findings come from somewhat incomplete data. The victims’ seat positions aren’t always included in crash reports, so the data cannot paint a full picture of which zones are safest. The middle section of the plane has a lot going for it in the event of a bumpy flight. However, it’s not necessarily ideal for a catastrophic situation. After all, the middle section is typically where the fuel cells are positioned, meaning if a fire is involved, you’re right on top of the gas tank. Even if you have decided the row, there are again advantages and disadvantages of each seat option. Sitting in the aisle gets you closer to whatever exit you might need to head to in an emergency but also leaves you more vulnerable to getting hit by falling luggage. Sitting by the window lets you see what’s going on outside, giving you a situational advantage, but it leaves you pinned against the wall and waiting until the other people in your row squeeze out first. Occupying the middle gives you a couple of human shields on either side of you to cushion any potential blows, but the middle sea t is uncomfortable and an unpopular first choice. Tricky questions, right? If you’ve got aviation anxiety, all this back-and-forth of trying to figure out the perfect spot to sit is likely to only cause you more inner upset. Frankly, it’s probably not worth the worry. Airplane accidents are ridiculously rare. In fact, compared to just about any other methods it is one of the least deadly means of transit ever created. Airplane crashes are so rare that getting worked up about which seat is the safest one to plop your butt into is likely going to cause you more mental suffering than it’s worth. After all, when accidents do happen, each one is a little different and will affect the plane in different ways. Ultimately, your chances of making it through an emergency in flight has less to do with where you happen to sit and more with how well trained your flight crew is and how closely you listen to their instructions. 40 What is the problem of the common wisdom that the back of a plane is the safest spot to sit? ______________________________________________________________ 41. Why is trying to figure out the perfect spot to sit not worth the worry? ______________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Each accident affects the plane in different ways, and when it happens, your survival has a lot to do with where you happen to sit. ______________________________________________________________ 43. In what other way (s) can you deal with an unexpected disaster? (In about 40 words) ______________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，为了提高学生安全意识，学校决定于下周一开展紧急疏散演练。请你用英语写一份活动通知，告知学校的留学生，内容包括： 1. 活动安排； 2. 注意事项。 提示词：疏散演练evacuation drill 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 NOTICE ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Student Un 北大附中2025届寒假阶段检测 英语 本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案作答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束，试卷和答题卡一并收回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 【1~10题答案】 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 【11~13题答案】 【答案】11 was laid 12. who##that 13. As B 【14~17题答案】 【答案】14. has grown 15. into 16. concentration 17. dealing C 【18~20题答案】 【答案】18. harder 19. becomes 20. to fight 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A 【21~23题答案】 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C B 【24~27题答案】 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B C 【28~30题答案】 【答案】28. C 29. B 30. B D 【31~34题答案】 【答案】31. A 32. A 33. C 34. D 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【35~39题答案】 【答案】35. B 36. G 37. F 38. D 39. E 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 【40~43题答案】 【答案】40. The problem is that the findings come from somewhat incomplete data, and the victims’ seat positions aren’t always included in crash reports, so the data cannot paint a full picture of which zones are safest. 41. Because airplane accidents are ridiculously rare, and getting worked up about which seat is the safest is likely to cause more mental suffering than it’s worth. 42. Each accident affects the plane in different ways, and when it happens, your survival has a lot to do with where you happen to sit. Because your chances of making it through an emergency in flight has less to do with where you happen to sit and more with how well trained your flight crew is and how closely you listen to their instructions. 43. When unexpected disasters happen, we should first protect our heads and vital organs, then focus on following crew instructions attentively, staying calm, familiarizing yourself with emergency exits before takeoff, and practicing quick evacuation procedures to enhance safety during unexpected disasters. 第二节（20分） 【44题答案】 【答案】NOTICE Dear international students, In order to enhance students’ safety awareness, our school has decided to conduct an emergency evacuation drill next Monday. The drill will start at 9:00 a.m. When the alarm rings, please quickly and calmly leave the classroom and follow the teachers’ instructions to evacuate to the playground. Line up in your class order on the playground. During the drill, please pay attention to the following: First, do not panic and keep calm. Second, do not run or push others to avoid accidents. Third, bring nothing unnecessary with you. Finally, follow the guidance of the teachers and staff who will be with you throughout the process. Let’s work together to ensure the success of this evacuation drill and improve our safety skills. Student Union 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$