精品解析：北京市西城区北京师范大学第二附属中学2025届高三下学期英语统练2

2025届高三第二学期英语统练二 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When our daughter proposed we take her on an adventure, I immediately thought of a piece of advice from a friend, suggesting taking children “to the wildest spaces they can find”. I had no idea at all about that. Nevertheless, after ___1___ our essentials, we drove a car and began our ___2___ travel. Soon we entered the scenic countryside, and my daughter’s excitement filled the air. Suddenly, we found a cave. Feeling thrilled, we decided to explore further. Equipped with flashlights, we ___3___ it with great caution. Inside, the cave opened up, revealing a breathtaking underground world. Shocked at the natural beauty, we determined to make the most of this ___4___ find. As we walked along the side of the cave, we were greeted by awe-inspiring rock. When we continued, a dim (暗淡的) light ___5___ ahead, accompanied by unsetting sounds. My daughter grabbed my hand as we ___6___, unsure whether to continue. However, after a moment of inner struggle, we ___7___ ourselves and pressed on towards the light. When we emerged from the cave, a forest came into our sight. The unsettling sounds we had heard were just the wind rustling the leaves. Listened to the birds’ calls, we took in the beauty of nature. It was an obvious ___8___ that sometimes, exploring the unknown can lead to astonishing ___9___. This adventurous trip of conquering fear had also ___10___ us to a place beyond our imagination, creating memories that would last a lifetime. 1. A. taking over B. packing up C. checking on D. putting aside 2. A. cultural B. impossible C. unforgettable D. romantic 3. A. entered B. found C. built D. decorated 4. A. temporary B. normal C. accidental D. different 5. A. responded B. appeared C. turned D. gathered 6. A. hesitated B. recovered C. finished D. escaped 7. A. rewarded B. expressed C. doubted D. steeled 8. A. marker B. foundation C. destination D. reminder 9. A. growth B. discovery C. success D. record 10. A. invited B. exposed C. brought D. supported 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家人的探险之旅，他们探索了一个洞穴，最终走出洞穴，看到了美丽的森林，这次冒险之旅也让作者一家人意识到，探索未知有时会带来惊人的发现。 【1题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管如此，在收拾好必需品后，我们开车开始了难忘的旅行。A. taking over接管；B. packing up打包，收拾；C. checking on核实，检查；D. putting aside忽视，储存。根据后文“we drove a car and began our ___2___ travel.”可知，开始旅行之前要先收拾好必需品。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，在收拾好必需品后，我们开车开始了难忘的旅行。A. cultural文化的；B. impossible不可能的；C. unforgettable难忘的；D. romantic浪漫的。根据最后一段中“creating memories that would last a lifetime”可知，这次旅行给作者留下了终身难忘的记忆，此处指开始难忘之旅。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们配备了手电筒，非常谨慎地进去了。A. entered进入；B. found发现；C. built建造；D. decorated装饰。根据前文“Suddenly, we found a cave. Feeling thrilled, we decided to explore further.”可知，作者一家人发现了一个洞穴，并决定进一步探索，所以他们进入了洞穴。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们对自然美景感到震惊，决定充分利用这个意外的发现。A. temporary暂时的；B. normal正常的；C. accidental意外的；D. different不同的。根据前文“Suddenly, we found a cave”和“Inside, the cave opened up, revealing a breathtaking underground world. Shocked at the natural beauty”可知，发现洞穴是偶然发生的，洞内的美景让人震惊，这些都是意外的发现。此处指“决定充分利用这个意外的发现”。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们继续前进时，前方出现了一束微弱的光，伴随着令人不安的声音。A. responded回应；B. appeared出现；C. turned转弯，转身；D. gathered聚集。根据前文“When we continued”和后文“ahead”以及“accompanied by unsetting sounds.”可知，当作者一家人在山洞里继续向前走时，前方出现了一束微弱的光，伴随着令人不安的声音。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我女儿抓住我的手，我们犹豫不决，不知道该不该继续。A. hesitated犹豫；B. recovered恢复；C. finished完成；D. escaped逃跑。根据后文“unsure whether to continue”可知，不确定是否要继续，作者和女儿犹豫不决。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，经过片刻的内心挣扎，我们鼓足勇气，继续向那束光走去。A. rewarded奖励；B. expressed表达；C. doubted怀疑；D. steeled使准备应对 （不愉快之事），使坚强地做（或面对）。根据后文“pressed on towards the light”可知，虽然感到不安，但作者和女儿鼓足了勇气，下定决心继续向那束光走去。steel“使准备应对 (不愉快之事)，使坚强地做（或面对）”符合语境。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这会提醒我们，有时，探索未知会带来惊人的发现。A. marker标记，标识；B. foundation基础；C. destination目的地；D. reminder提醒物，引起回忆的事物。前文“It”指作者一行探索洞穴却意外发现森林的事情，结合后文“sometimes, exploring the unknown can lead to astonishing”可知，作者认为这件事情会让人想到“探索未知会带来惊人的发现”，所以它是一个提醒物（reminder）。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这明显提醒我们，有时，探索未知会带来惊人的发现。A. growth成长；B. discovery发现；C. success成功；D. record记录。根据前文可知，作者一行的冒险之旅首先是在风景优美的乡村意外发现一个山洞，进一步探索又在走出山洞时意外发现森林，结合“exploring the unknown can lead to astonishing”可知，作者感悟探索未知会带来惊人的发现。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次征服恐惧的冒险之旅也把我们带到了一个超乎想象的地方，创造了将持续一生的记忆。A. invited邀请；B. exposed暴露；C. brought带来；D. supported支持。根据后文“to a place beyond our imagination”可知，这次冒险之旅把作者一家人带到了一个超乎想象的地方。故选C。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I’d been living with Mama Lil since I was six, when my own mama and daddy ___11___ (kill) in an apartment building fire. Lillian Johns was my mom’s mother. Everybody on our street called her Mama Lil and that was ___12___ I called her too. I had been butting heads (针锋相对) with her ever since I could remember. And the older I got, the more at odds we were and the more conflicts we ___13___ (experience). 【答案】11. were killed 12. what 13. experienced 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是主人公自幼失去双亲后与外婆Mama Lil生活中的冲突与成长。 【11题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：自从我六岁那年，我的亲生父母在一次公寓楼火灾中丧生后，我就一直和Mama Lil生活在一起。此处为when引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，根据先行词可知，此处描述的是六岁发生的事件，所以此处使用一般过去时，kill与主语my own mama and daddy之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为复数。故填were killed。 【12题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：我们街上每个人都叫她Mama Lil，这也是我怎么称呼她的。此处为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中缺少宾补，结合“called her Mama Lil”可知，宾补为名词，所以此处使用连接词what指代Mama Lil。故填what。 【13题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：而且我年纪越大，我们之间的分歧就越多，经历的冲突也越多。此处为省略了关系代词的定语从句的谓语动词，根据上文的并列谓语动词were可知，此处使用一般过去时，且与主语之间为主动关系。故填experienced。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A marketing professor: In my book The Language of Branding, I mention that brand language is a brilliant way of enhancing customer loyalty (忠诚). ___14___ (company) that persuade people to use their own terms create “a sense of belonging and improved loyalty ___15___ the brand”. It also enables employees to work ___16___ (efficient) than before. 【答案】14. Companies 15. to 16. more efficiently 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是品牌语言在增强客户忠诚度及提升员工工作效率方面的重要作用。 【14题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：公司如果能说服人们使用自己的术语，就能创造一种“归属感和对品牌的忠诚度”。此处为名词作主语，结合从句中的谓语动词persuade和主句谓语动词create都是复数形式可知，此处需要名词复数形式companies来指代多个公司，作定语从句所修饰的先行词，在句中作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Companies。 【15题详解】 考查介词。句意：公司如果能说服人们使用自己的术语，就能创造一种“归属感和对品牌的忠诚度”。此处loyalty to表示“对……的忠诚”符合句意，所以此处使用介词to。故填to。 【16题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：这也使得员工比以前工作得更有效率。此处修饰动词work应用副词作状语，efficient副词形式efficiently意为“高效地”，根据空后的than可知，此处使用副词的比较级形式more efficiently。故填more efficiently。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The practice of naming “generations” ___17___ (base) on birth year goes back at least to the supposed “lost-generation” of the late 19th century. But as the tradition slid into a never-ending competition to be the first ___18___ (propose) the next name ___19___ sticks, it has produced gradually ___20___ (decline) returns to social science and the public understanding. 【答案】17. based 18. to propose 19. that##which 20. declining 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了依据出生年份命名“世代”这一做法的起源和现状。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：依据出生年份命名“世代”的做法至少可以追溯到19世纪末所谓的“迷惘的一代”。“(base) on birth year”在句中作后置定语，base(以……为基础或根据)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The practice之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填based。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但随着这一传统陷入一场永无止境的竞争，即成为第一个提出下一个合适名称的人，它对社会科学和公众认知的回报逐渐减少。序数词或有序数词修饰的名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，意为“第几个做……的……”；“the first to propose...”表示“第一个提出……的”。故填to propose。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：但随着这一传统陷入一场永无止境的竞争，即成为第一个提出下一个合适名称的人，它对社会科学和公众认知的回报逐渐减少。“_____ sticks”是定语从句，修饰先行词name，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/which。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但随着这一传统陷入一场永无止境的竞争，即成为第一个提出下一个合适名称的人，它对社会科学和公众认知的回报逐渐减少。decline(下降，减少)作定语修饰名词returns(回报)，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语returns之间是主动关系，用现在分词declining表主动。故填declining。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A "For years, I found myself walking less and less. As I got older, aches and pains in my back and legs caused me to stay in my chair, watching TV and watching life go by. My doctor told me to be more active, and I tried. I tried canes and walkers…and I hated them. Dragging myself along, bent over, looking at the ground two feet in front of me—that didn't seem like a fun way to get around. Then, one day, a friend introduced me to the Perfect Walker. Nothing is going to stop me now!" Join millions of older Americans who are rediscovering the joy of walking! The Perfect Walker is an innovative mobility device that can change your life. It enables you to stand upright when you walk-with your spine straight and your eyes looking straight ahead. Your weight is supported by your upper arms and shoulders, some of the strongest parts of your body. Traditional walkers force you to put the pressure of your body weight on your hands and wrists. You push them in front of you, looking at the ground instead of where you are going. The Perfect Walker moves with you, with your feet free to walk in a normal fashion. Its easy height-adjust system allows it to be the perfect height for anyone from 4'9" to 6'2"and supports up to 300 pounds. The new Stand Assist HandlesTM enable you to distribute your weight across your arms and shoulders, not your hands and wrists, to help reduce back, neck, wrist pain and discomfort. It features comfortable arm pads, hand brakes, a fold-down seat and storage area with a backrest. It's built with aircraft- grade aluminum to be strong yet lightweight, and its streamlined design and oversized wheels make it perfect for walking in the yard. Why spend another day bent over and dragging yourself around—or worse yet, lying in front of the TV all day? Pick up the phone and take back your life. 21. Who is talking about the Perfect Walker at the beginning? A. A user. B. The agent C. A doctor. D. The producer. 22. What is the Perfect Walker's biggest advantage over traditional ones? A. It serves a variety of functions. B. It's made of aircraft-grade material. C. It features comfortable arm pads and a seat. D. It allows users to walk in an ordinary manner. 23. By dialing 1-888-235-1481, you can________. A. place an order B. apply for membership C. ask for a free trial D. get a promotion code 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一款名为“完美助行架”的产品，介绍了其特色和订购方式。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“For years, I found myself walking less and less. As I got older, aches and pains in my back and legs caused me to stay in my chair, watching TV and watching life go by. My doctor told me to be more active, and I tried. I tried canes and walkers…and I hated them. Dragging myself along, bent over, looking at the ground two feet in front of me—that didn't seem like a fun way to get around. Then, one day, a friend introduced me to the Perfect Walker. Nothing is going to stop me now!(多年来，我发现自己走得越来越少。随着年龄的增长，背部和腿部的疼痛让我只能坐在椅子上，看着电视，看着生命流逝。我的医生告诉我要多运动，我试过了。 我试过手杖和助行器，但我讨厌它们。拖着自己走，弯着腰，看着我前面两英尺的地面——这似乎不是一个有趣的方式。后来有一天，一个朋友把我介绍给了“完美助行架”。现在没有什么能阻止我了！)”可知，一开始谈论完美助行架的是一个用户。故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Traditional walkers force you to put the pressure of your body weight on your hands and wrists. You push them in front of you, looking at the ground instead of where you are going. The Perfect Walker moves with you, with your feet free to walk in a normal fashion.(传统的助行架迫使你将身体的重量压在你的手和手腕上。你把他们推到你面前，看着地面而不是你要去的地方。完美助行架随你移动，你的脚可以自由地以正常的方式行走)”可知，与传统助行架相比，完美助行架的最大优势是它允许用户以普通的方式行走。故选D。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Call now! 1-888-235-1481(现在就拨打1-888-235-1481)”以及最后一段中“Pick up the phone and take back your life.(拿起电话，重新开始你的生活吧)”可知，你可以通过拨打1-888-235-1481来下单。故选A。 B Many kids who grow up in big cities have lots of opportunities to experience science hands-on. There are zoos, museums and school field trips. But those conditions are sometimes out of reach for lower-income children. And in some rural areas, those opportunities simply don’t exist at all. Dan Sudran has taken it upon himself to help close the gap. Growing up a good, studious kid in Kansas, he followed the rules and went to college, then law school. But he was confused. “I couldn’t really figure out what I was or what I was supposed to be,” Sudran says. Sudran finally had his answer in his late 30s. He started taking apart electronics and collecting materials from the beach. In school, science had held no interest for him at all. But out in the real world, it turned out to be the thing he’d been missing all along. “My life becomes better since I got into science,” Sudran says. And that inspired him. What if he could give children the same experience he’d waited 30 years to discover? So Sudran got a college to donate some space and equipment. Pretty soon, a small nonprofit project called the Community Science Workshop Network was born. Today there are six workshops, almost all in low-income neighborhoods around California. One of the workshops is filled with stuff: microscopes, power tools, even a turtle and a snake. There’s no curriculum, nothing to memorize but tools to play and experiment with. Eighth-grader Jose Vega is working hard at building a robot while Esteban Espinoza, 6, is getting tadpoles (蝌蚪) out of a tank to examine them under a microscope. One group of kids are spreading out on the floor, trying to figure out how to build a hot air balloon. Sudran’s dream, he says, is to take this model of quick hands-on science all over the world. Next up, Sudran hopes, will be the small Southern California desert town of Coachella. 24. What can we know about Dan Sudran from the first two paragraphs? A. He makes a clear plan for his life. B. He had vast experience in field trips. C. He has a strong sense of responsibility. D. He showed an interest in science at school. 25. What gave Sudran the idea for the Community Science Workshop Network? A. His pursuit of better life. B. His practice of science. C. His dream in childhood. D. His devotion to education. 26. Why does the author list examples in paragraph 4? A. To show the function of the project. B. To reveal the history of the project. C. To stress the importance of science. D. To record the growth of the students. 27. What does Sudran decide to do next? A. Become a science teacher. B. Build more science workshops. C. Move to desert town of Coachella. D. Find new models of learning science. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Dan Sudran创建社区科学工作坊网络，为低收入社区和农村地区的孩子们提供亲手实践科学的机会。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But those conditions are sometimes out of reach for lower-income children. And in some rural areas, those opportunities simply don’t exist at all.(但这些条件有时对低收入家庭的儿童来说是遥不可及的。在一些农村地区，这样的机会根本就不存在。)”和第二段“Dan Sudran has taken it upon himself to help close the gap.(Dan Sudran已经承担起帮助缩小这一差距的责任。)”可知，Dan Sudran很有责任心，想要帮助缩小城乡儿童在科学实践机会上的差距。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段下半部分“He started taking apart electronics and collecting materials from the beach. In school, science had held no interest for him at all. But out in the real world, it turned out to be the thing he’d been missing all along. ‘My life becomes better since I got into science,’ Sudran says.(他开始拆解电子产品，并从海滩上收集材料。在学校里，他对科学根本不感兴趣。但在现实世界中，这正是他一直想念的东西。Sudran说：‘自从我进入科学领域，我的生活变得更好了’。)”和第三段中“And that inspired him. What if he could give children the same experience he’d waited 30 years to discover? So Sudran got a college to donate some space and equipment. Pretty soon, a small nonprofit project called the Community Science Workshop Network was born.(这激发了他的灵感。如果他能给孩子们带来他等待 30 年才发现的相同体验，那会怎样？因此，Sudran 找了一所大学捐赠了一些空间和设备。很快，一个名为 Community Science Workshop Network 的小型非营利项目诞生了。)”可知，是Sudran的科学实践让他有了创建社区科学工作坊网络的想法，他想让孩子们也能体验到科学的乐趣。故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Today there are six workshops, almost all in low-income neighborhoods around California. One of the workshops is filled with stuff: microscopes, power tools, even a turtle and a snake. There’s no curriculum, nothing to memorize but tools to play and experiment with. Eighth-grader Jose Vega is working hard at building a robot while Esteban Espinoza, 6, is getting tadpoles (蝌蚪) out of a tank to examine them under a microscope. One group of kids are spreading out on the floor, trying to figure out how to build a hot air balloon.(如今，加州有六个工作坊，几乎都在低收入的社区。其中一个工作坊里摆满了东西：显微镜、电动工具，甚至还有一只乌龟和一条蛇。这里没有课程，没有要背诵的东西，只有可以用来玩耍和实验的工具。八年级学生Jose Vega正在努力制造一个机器人，而6岁的Esteban Espinoza正从水箱里捞出蝌蚪，在显微镜下观察它们。一群孩子在地上摊开，试图弄清楚如何制造一个热气球。)”可知，作者通过举例说明了社区科学工作坊网络的项目是如何运作的，以及孩子们在这个项目中可以做什么，即展示了这个项目的作用。故选A。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。最后一段提到“Sudran’s dream, he says, is to take this model of quick hands-on science all over the world. Next up, Sudran hopes, will be the small Southern California desert town of Coachella.(Sudran说，他的梦想是将这种快速动手科学的模式带到世界各地。Sudran希望，接下来将是南加州沙漠小镇科切拉。)”可知，Sudran接下来决定建立更多的科学工作坊，将他的项目推广到世界各地，科切拉只是他接下来计划中的一个地方。故选B。 C Demanding days seem designed to test our self-control. We all need to rely on willpower to avoid short-term temptations and override unwanted thoughts or impulses (冲动). The prevailing psychological theory proposed that willpower resembled a kind of battery. With each exercise of self-control, you exhausted this resource. Without a chance to recharge, that resource ran low, making it harder to maintain self-control. This process was known as “ego depletion”. In 2010, however, psychologist Veronika Job published a study that questioned the foundations of “ego depletion” theory, with some interesting evidence that ego depletion depended on people’s underlying beliefs. In the study, Job divided participants into two categories: those with a “limited” view of willpower and those with a “non-limited” view of willpower, based on a prior questionnaire. She then gave the participants some standard laboratory tests examining mental focus, which was considered to depend on the reserves of willpower. The study found that people with a limited mindset tended to perform exactly as ego depletion theory would predict but the non-limited individuals did not, which indicated that people’s beliefs about willpower could be self-fulfilling prophecies (预言). Those who believed willpower was easily depleted saw their self-control decrease, while those who believed in “mental stamina (耐力)” experienced no ego depletion. Subsequent debates about the reliability of the laboratory tests of ego depletion emerged, but Job’s work demonstrated that mindset significantly impacted real-life outcomes. Her follow-up study revealed that after completing demanding tasks, most participants recovered to some degree overnight, but those with non-limited mindsets actually experienced an increase in their productivity the following day, as if energized by the extra pressure. If you already have a non-limited mindset about willpower, these findings might be a cause for self-satisfaction. For those with limited mindsets, hope is not lost. Learning about this science can help shift beliefs. Sharing this knowledge with others can further consolidate this shift. Moreover, recollecting times of engaging in taxing yet enjoyable tasks naturally shifts people’s beliefs toward non-limited mindsets, as they see proof of their own men tal stamina. To provide yourself with further evidence, you can conduct small self-control tests. As you realize your willpower’s growth, you’ll find resisting temptations and distractions easier. While immediate miracles aren’t guaranteed, perseverance will lead to a changed mindset and increased self-control, propelling actions toward personal goals. 28. “Ego depletion” theory shows that willpower ________. A. helps control our impulses B. reduces after exercising self-control C. is a test of your character D. is like a chargeable battery 29. What can we learn from Job’s two studies? A. Extra pressure boosts mental focus. B. Demanding tasks reduce mental focus. C. Reserves of willpower depend on mental focus. D. The change of mental focus relies on one’s mindset. 30. Which of the following can build non-limited mindsets? A. Picturing your ideal university. B. Doing homework in front of a TV. C. Sharing science knowledge with friends. D. Recalling mastering a challenging piano piece. 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“自我损耗”这一理论受到质疑，并介绍了一些建立意志力不受限制的心态的方法。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“With each exercise of self-control, you exhausted this resource. Without a chance to recharge, that resource ran low, making it harder to maintain self-control. This process was known as “ego depletion”.(每一次自我控制的练习，你都使这些资源筋疲力尽。在没有恢复的机会的情况下，这种资源就会耗尽，更难保持自制力。这个过程被称为“自我耗竭”)”可知，“自我耗竭”理论表明意志力会在进行自我控制后减少。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第2段第1句“ In 2010, however, psychologist Veronika Job published a study that questioned the foundations of “ego depletion” theory, with some interesting evidence that ego depletion depended on people’s underlying beliefs.(然而，在2010年，心理学家维罗妮卡·约伯(Veronika Job)发表了一项研究，对“自我枯竭”理论的基础提出了质疑，并提出了一些有趣的证据，证明自我枯竭取决于人们的潜在信念。）”可知，Job的研究成果表明“自我消耗”取决于人们的根本信念。之后介绍对两组参与者的研究内容，通过标准化实验室测试他们的精神集中度（依赖于意志力储备），然后该段最后“ The study found that people with a limited mindset tended to perform exactly as ego depletion theory would predict but the non-limited individuals did not, which indicated that people’s beliefs about willpower could be self-fulfilling prophecies (预言). Those who believed willpower was easily depleted saw their self-control decrease, while those who believed in “mental stamina (耐力)” experienced no ego depletion.(研究发现，拥有有限心态的人的表现往往与自我耗尽理论所预测的完全一致，而非有限心态的人则不然，这表明人们对意志力的信念可能是自我实现的预言。那些相信意志力很容易耗尽的人发现他们的自我控制能力下降了，而那些相信“精神耐力”的人没有经历自我消耗。)”给出了研究结果：那些思维受限的人的表现和自我消耗理论所预言的相吻合，而思维不受限制的人并没有出现自我消耗。而第3段的“Her follow-up study revealed that after completing demanding tasks, most participants recovered to some degree overnight, but those with non-limited mindsets actually experienced an increase in their productivity the following day, as if energized by the extra pressure.(她的后续研究显示，在完成高要求的任务后，大多数参与者在一夜之间都有一定程度的恢复，但那些心态不受限制的人实际上在第二天的工作效率有所提高，就好像被额外的压力所激励一样。)”给出了后续实验，在完成了许多高要求任务之后，大部分参与者通过一夜只能够恢复到一定程度，而那些思维不受限的人在第二天的效率却有所提高，仿佛像被额外的压力激励一样。综合上面内容，可以知道精神集中（与自我损耗关联）依赖于人的思维方式。故选D。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Moreover, recollecting times of engaging in taxing yet enjoyable tasks naturally shifts people’s beliefs toward non-limited mindsets, as they see proof of their own mental stamina. (此外，回忆起从事费力但愉快的任务的时光，会自然地将人们的信念转向非限制的心态，因为他们看到了自己精神耐力的证明)”可知，回忆起从事费力但愉快的任务的时光可以帮助建立不受限制的心态，推断回忆起掌握了一首富有挑战性的钢琴曲是有帮助的。故选D。 D Creativity is a product of the human mind. But why are some people more creative than others? Having a unique brain has been proposed as one possibility. Take Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's musical creativity. It has been suggested that he had Tourette's syndrome a brain condition linked to a range of symptoms, which could have played a role. Other proposals link creativity to intelligence or even to the use of certain drugs. In the Creative Brain: Myths and truths, scientist Anna Abraham examines these ideas and four more, describing them as myths (谬见) and each is discussed in a chapter. But rather than fully debunk them, Abraham's precondition is that they all contain a truth. She researches into how these beliefs developed and spread — and why they are so hard to desert. Her focus is on how misinformation is often related to conflicting results in the scientific evidence that is supposed to back them up. Take the common idea that the brain's right hemisphere (脑半球) is associated with creativity. Both behavioral and brain-based studies have explored this, but findings are hard to compare because the ways of measuring different aspects, such as the level of creativity, vary greatly. This means we can find evidence supporting both the right and left hemispheres being dominant in creative activities, as well as the joint involvement of the two. Such problems, says Abraham, originate in the fact that creativity typically involves many elements but the focus is often drawn to just one, the imagination needed to make something new. Other aspects — such as the drive to create, the hard work involved and the ability to produce something that sympathizes with an audience — are also crucial. Many explanations, she says, treat creativity too simplistically: for example, taking certain drugs can make someone more open, and thus better able to think creatively, but may not affect their motivation. Abraham provides a good summarization of the relationship between creativity and the brain, covering a lot of ground while doing so. She encourages readers to think more deeply about brain-based creativity theories, even if they seem backed up by evidence. How creativity originates in the brain is complex and probably can't be explained by a simple narrative. Perhaps we need a new approach. 31. What does the word “debunk” underlined in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Deny. B. Expose. C. Approve. D. Clarify. 32 What can we learn about creativity from the passage? A. It helps to sympathize with an audience. B. It is dominated by the brain's right hemisphere. C. It is a complex process involving many factors. D. It can be enhanced by hard work and motivation. 33. As for brain-based creativity theories, Abraham is __________. A. appreciative B. disapproving C. unconcerned D. objective 34. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explore the myths and truths about creativity and the brain. B. To prove that creativity is greatly linked with a unique brain. C. To argue that creativity is mainly determined by intelligence. D. To encourage the use of drugs to partly enhance creativity. 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要探讨关于创造力与大脑之间的关系的各种观点和误解，并分析了这些观点的形成原因。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“But rather than fully debunk them, Abraham’s precondition is that they all contain a truth.(而不是完全 debunk它们，亚伯拉罕假设它们都含有某种真理)”可知，假设它们都含有某种真理，所以亚伯拉罕没有完全地去否定这些观点。debunk意思为“揭穿，否认”。故选A。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Such problems, says Abraham, originate in the fact that creativity typically involves many elements but the focus is often drawn to just one, the imagination needed to make something new.(亚伯拉罕说，这样的问题源于创造力通常涉及许多元素，但重点常常集中在一个元素上，即创造新事物所需要的想象力)”及第六段“Other aspects — such as the drive to create, the hard work involved and the ability to produce something that sympathizes with an audience — are also crucial.(其他方面——如创造的动力、所需的努力以及创作出能引起观众共鸣的能力——也是至关重要的)”可知，创造力是一个涉及许多因素的复杂过程。故选C。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“Many explanations, she says, treat creativity too simplistically(她说，许多解释过于简单地对待创造力)”和最后一段“She encourages readers to think more deeply about brain-based creativity theories, even if they seem backed up by evidence.(她鼓励读者更加深入地思考基于大脑的创造力理论，即使这些理论似乎有证据支持)”可知，Abraham对大脑与创造力之间关系的观点是客观的。故选D。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“But why are some people more creative than others? (但为什么有些人比其他人更有创造力？)以及第二段“Having a unique brain has been proposed as one possibility(一个独特的大脑已被提出作为一种可能性)”和最后一段“She encourages readers to think more deeply about brain-based creativity theories…(她鼓励读者更加深入地思考基于大脑的创造力理论……)”可知，本文旨在探索关于创造力和大脑的神秘和真相。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You’re standing in line at the grocery store or waiting for an elevator. You have no more than a minute to kill. And yet, before you’ve even realized what you’re doing, you’ve pulled out your phone and have begun to mindlessly scroll (滚屏) through apps. ____35____ Research suggests plenty of people do the same thing. Only 11% of people's smartphone checks were in response to a notification. For the rest of the time, they checked their phones totally unplanned, often without thinking through why they were doing it. We' re so used to constant stimulation that we feel uncomfortable when we’re not doing anything, even for just a few seconds. Our brains are hardwired to seek out rewards like knowledge, entertainment, and social connection. All of those things were much harder to find before we had tiny computers at our fingertips. Now we do. Our phones are basically all-you-can-eat buffets for our brains, endlessly and easily serving up the things they want. ____36____ A quick phone check probably isn't doing your brain any real harm. ____37____ Over time, constant scrolling could have a negative effect on your job performance, relationships, sleep, and possibly even physical safety, if you’re doing things like checking your phone while you walk or drive. ____38____ When you give in to your urges and check your phone, then feel guilty about it, the feeling of failure adds shame to injury. If you want to break the habit of constant checking, you’ll have to work at it. Building awareness is a good way. ____39____ For example, next time you catch yourself scrolling through short videos without even absorbing the content, think about whether you really want to be on your phone, or you are just putting off a less-fun task. A. Checking your phone is often automatic. B. There's also a mental-health element to consider. C. Of course our minds can't help but feed themselves. D. Start going without your phone for set periods of time. E. The urge to check your phone is often related to stress relief. F. Take a moment to ask yourself what is driving your behavior. G. But it's also worth considering how all those little checks add up. 【答案】35. A 36. C 37. G 38. B 39. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了无意识看手机的现象、原因和改正措施。 【35题详解】 根据下文“Research suggests plenty of people do the same thing. Only 11% of people's smartphone checks were in response to a notification. For the rest of the time, they checked their phones totally unplanned, often without thinking through why they were doing it.(研究表明，很多人都会做同样的事情。只有11%的人查看智能手机是为了回应通知。在其他时间里，他们完全没有计划地查看手机，通常也没有想过自己为什么这么做)”可知，本段主要将看手机是无意识的。故A选项“查看手机通常是无意识的”切题，适合为本段的标题。故选A项。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Our brains are hardwired to seek out rewards like knowledge, entertainment, and social connection. All of those things were much harder to find before we had tiny computers at our fingertips. Now we do. Our phones are basically all-you-can-eat buffets for our brains, endlessly and easily serving up the things they want.(我们的大脑天生就会寻求知识、娱乐和社会联系等奖励。在我们指尖上有微型电脑之前，所有这些东西都很难找到。现在我们知道了。我们的手机基本上是我们大脑的自助餐，没完没了地、轻松地提供它们想要的东西)”可知，选项承接上文总结大脑的自我功能。故C选项“当然，我们的大脑会情不自禁地养活自己”切题。故选C项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“A quick phone check probably isn't doing your brain any real harm.(快速查看一下电话可能不会对你的大脑造成任何真正的伤害)”根据下文“Over time, constant scrolling could have a negative effect on your job performance, relationships, sleep, and possibly even physical safety, if you’re doing things like checking your phone while you walk or drive.(随着时间的推移，如果你在走路或开车的时候看手机，持续的滚动屏幕可能会对你的工作表现、人际关系、睡眠甚至人身安全产生负面影响)”可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文说明量的积累会产生负面的影响。故G选项“但同样值得考虑的是，所有这些小的查看加起来是多少”切题。故选G项。 【38题详解】 根据下文“When you give in to your urges and check your phone, then feel guilty about it, the feeling of failure adds shame to injury.(当你屈服于你的欲望，查看你的手机，然后感到内疚，失败的感觉增加了伤害的羞耻)”可知，选项承接下文说明另一个考虑因素是心理健康。故B选项“还有一个心理健康因素需要考虑”切题。故选B项。 【39题详解】 根据下文“For example, next time you catch yourself scrolling through short videos without even absorbing the content, think about whether you really want to be on your phone, or you are just putting off a less-fun task.(例如，下次当你发现自己在浏览短视频时，甚至没有吸收内容，想想你是真的想玩手机，还是你只是在推迟一个不那么有趣的任务)”可知，下文通过具体实例说明上文要反思自己的行为。故F选项“花点时间问问自己是什么驱使着你的行为”切题，与下文话题一致。故选F项。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Life felt like a mountain hike with designated (指定的) stops — high school, college — where I could figure out my direction. I chose chemistry as my college major because it seemed to provide different career options. Learning organic chemistry reactions wasn’t frustrating or boring, but I did not “love” my subject. When deciding what to do after finishing my undergraduate degree, I was largely driven by a desire for financial independence. While exploring job prospects, I found most required a master’s. I was offered a spot in a graduate program and decided to enroll. It came with the option of continuing to a Ph. D., but I never saw that as my likely direction. However, my certainty that I was not suited for a Ph. D. began to waver during my second year, when I started the mandatory laboratory research project. I spent a lot of time in the lab and I never felt bored. Mastering my project required constant learning and improvisation. I started to prefer experiments over classes. Standardizing reactions felt more satisfying than scoring well on exams. As my master’s was drawing to a close, my confusion peaked. With my scores, I was in a good position to be hired by government-funded companies — a great opportunity I didn’t want to waste. And everyone I talked to advised security a stable job instead of pursuing a Ph. D. I continued on to the interview stage. Still, I couldn’t ignore my growing interest in research. One week before my scheduled interview with my top-choice company, I backed out. I was going to pursue a Ph. D. I’ve completed my doctorate and am now an independent academic researcher. I have worked with others who are far more enthusiastic and were always sure they wanted to be scientists. My absent passion made me feel inadequate when I saw colleagues reading papers and discussing topics solely out of interest whereas I sometimes felt unmotivated to read literature relevant to my own project. I wondered how I traveled so far without “love” for the subject. Over the years, though, I have realized that neither success nor failure makes me go overboard or slip into depression. There are ups and downs, but it just feels right every morning to go to the laboratory and do experiments to learn something new. Having started my career as a “reluctant” (不情愿的) chemist, I am yet to proclaim my love for what I do. But I try to see the relevant problems and solve them for my own satisfaction. That makes me no less capable than my peers, and no less deserving of a space in science. 40. Why did the author choose chemistry as his college major? ________________________________________________________________ 41. When did the author begin to question his belief about not being suited for a Ph. D.? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶The author decided to continue to pursue a Ph. D. because of his failure in the job interview ________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can we learn about “reluctance”? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Because it seemed to provide different career options. 41. During his second year, when he started the mandatory laboratory research project. 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶The author decided to continue to pursue a Ph. D. because of his failure in the job interview. The author couldn’t ignore his growing interest in research so he decided to back out from the job interview and pursue a Ph.D. 43 Possible version A: I’ve come to understand that a certain level of reluctance can be positive. Too much passion might lead us to feel overwhelmed and paralyzed by challenges. However, following a general trend and fulfilling our responsibilities, though reluctantly, at each stage can ultimately help us to reach the top and fulfill our dreams. Possible version B: Reluctance can sometimes lead to personal growth and fulfillment. When faced with reluctance, we often reassess our choices. For example, a chemist who was hesitant about pursuing a Ph. D. might realize he’ d prefer practical applications of chemistry. This self-reflection can guide us towards more fulfilling career paths. Possible version C: Overcoming reluctance requires courage and the ability to make difficult decisions. When we face our reluctance and choose to move forward it, we develop these skills. The chemist’s decision to back out of a promising job interview to pursue a Ph. D. was a courageous step that likely contributed to his personal growth. Possible version D: Experiencing reluctance and working through it builds adaptability and resilience. We learn to navigate uncomfortable situations and challenges, which are essential for personal growth. In the process of dealing with reluctance, we often gain a deeper understanding of our capabilities and limitations, enabling us to better handle future obstacles and achieve a sense of fulfillment. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的学术和职业发展历程。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“I chose chemistry as my college major because it seemed to provide different career options.(我选择化学作为我的大学专业是因为它似乎提供了不同的职业选择)”可知，作者选择化学作为大学专业，是因为它似乎提供了不同的职业选择。故填：Because it seemed to provide different career options. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“However, my certainty that I was not suited for a Ph. D. began to waver during my second year, when I started the mandatory laboratory research project.(然而，当我在第二年开始强制性的实验室研究项目时，我对自己不适合博士学位的确信开始动摇)”可知，作者大二的时候开始了强制性的实验室研究项目。故填：During his second year, when he started the mandatory laboratory research project. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Still, I couldn’t ignore my growing interest in research. One week before my scheduled interview with my top-choice company, I backed out. I was going to pursue a Ph. D.(尽管如此，我还是不能忽视自己对研究日益增长的兴趣。在我的首选公司的预定面试前一周，我退出了。我打算攻读博士学位)”可知，作者是因为无法忽视自己对研究日益增长的兴趣，所以决定读博，而非是因为面试失败，故填：▶The author decided to continue to pursue a Ph. D. because of his failure in the job interview.The author couldn’t ignore his growing interest in research so he decided to back out from the job interview and pursue a Ph.D. 【43题详解】 考查开放题。根据“从这个故事中，我们可以了解到什么是“不情愿”？”可回答，版本A：我开始明白，某种程度的不情愿可能是积极的。太多的激情可能会让我们感到不知所措，被挑战麻痹。然而，在每个阶段，跟随大趋势，履行我们的责任，尽管不情愿，最终可以帮助我们到达顶峰，实现我们的梦想。 版本B：不情愿有时会导致个人成长和成就。当面对不情愿时，我们经常重新评估我们的选择。例如，一位对攻读博士学位犹豫不决的化学家可能会意识到他更喜欢化学的实际应用。这种自我反省可以引导我们走向更有成就感的职业道路。 版本C：克服不情愿需要勇气和做出艰难决定的能力。当我们面对自己的不情愿并选择向前迈进时，我们就培养了这些技能。这位化学家决定放弃一个很有前途的工作面试，转而攻读博士学位，这是一个勇敢的决定，可能有助于他的个人成长。 版本D：经历不情愿并克服它，可以培养你的适应能力和韧性。我们学会驾驭不舒服的环境和挑战，这对个人成长至关重要。在处理不情愿的过程中，我们经常对自己的能力和局限性有更深的了解，使我们能够更好地处理未来的障碍，并获得成就感。故答案为Possible version A: I’ve come to understand that a certain level of reluctance can be positive. Too much passion might lead us to feel overwhelmed and paralyzed by challenges. However, following a general trend and fulfilling our responsibilities, though reluctantly, at each stage can ultimately help us to reach the top and fulfill our dreams. Possible version B: Reluctance can sometimes lead to personal growth and fulfillment. When faced with reluctance, we often reassess our choices. For example, a chemist who was hesitant about pursuing a Ph. D. might realize he’ d prefer practical applications of chemistry. This self-reflection can guide us towards more fulfilling career paths. Possible version C: Overcoming reluctance requires courage and the ability to make difficult decisions. When we face our reluctance and choose to move forward it, we develop these skills. The chemist’s decision to back out of a promising job interview to pursue a Ph. D. was a courageous step that likely contributed to his personal growth. Possible version D: Experiencing reluctance and working through it builds adaptability and resilience. We learn to navigate uncomfortable situations and challenges, which are essential for personal growth. In the process of dealing with reluctance, we often gain a deeper understanding of our capabilities and limitations, enabling us to better handle future obstacles and achieve a sense of fulfillment. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学学生李华。近期，中国人工智能DeepSeek在国际上引起广泛关注和热烈讨论。你的英国笔友Jim来信向你咨询相关情况，请你用英语给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 介绍中国人工智能发展成果及意义； 2. 阐述你的感受。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Possible version 1: Dear Jim, I am glad (thrilled) to hear from you. Knowing you’re interested in China’s AI (Knowing your enthusiasm for China’s AI), I can’t wait to share some exciting details. In 2024, remarkable achievements were made in China’s AI. Take DeepSeek for example, it uses a unique architecture, enabling it to process vast data rapidly, which is crucial for various industries. Meanwhile, in space, AI enabled Tianzhou cargo ships to dock precisely. In manufacturing, it boosted the efficiency of numerous smart factories. In healthcare, a robotic surgical system was developed to enhance operation safety. These achievements not only fuel China’s development across various industries but also contribute to global technological progress. I’m extremely proud. It’s amazing to see (witness) how technology is reshaping our lives. I’m eager to hear your thoughts. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua Possible version 2 Dear Jim, Greetings! I’m thrilled to share China’s remarkable advancements in AI, especially DeepSeek, which has gained global attention recently. China has made significant progress in AI research, excelling in areas like natural language processing, machine learning, and computer vision. DeepSeek, as a cutting-edge AI model, showcases China’s innovation in developing intelligent systems that can understand and generate human-like text. This accomplishment not only underscores China’s growing influence in global technology but also demonstrates its commitment to pushing the boundaries of AL The impact of these developments is profound. AI is revolutionizing industries, improving efficiency, and enhancing our daily lives, such as in healthcare, education, and environmental protection. I feel proud of China’s contributions to the global AI community and filled with optimism about the future. AI holds immense potential to solve complex problems and create a better, more connected world for everyone. I’d love to hear your thoughts on AI developments in the UK or elsewhere. How do you see AI shaping the future in your part of the world? Looking forward to your insights. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语给Jim写一封邮件，介绍中国人工智能发展的成果及意义同时阐述你的感受。 【详解】（范文1） 1.词汇积累 高兴：glad→delighted 感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in 非凡的：remarkable→outstanding 各种各样：various→a variety of 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：I’m extremely proud. It’s amazing to see (witness) how technology is reshaping our lives. 拓展句：I’m extremely proud because it’s amazing to see (witness) how technology is reshaping our lives. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing you’re interested in China’s AI (Knowing your enthusiasm for China’s AI), I can’t wait to share some exciting details. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] Take DeepSeek for example, it uses a unique architecture, enabling it to process vast data rapidly, which is crucial for various industries. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025届高三第二学期英语统练二 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When our daughter proposed we take her on an adventure, I immediately thought of a piece of advice from a friend, suggesting taking children “to the wildest spaces they can find”. I had no idea at all about that. Nevertheless, after ___1___ our essentials, we drove a car and began our ___2___ travel. Soon we entered the scenic countryside, and my daughter’s excitement filled the air. Suddenly, we found a cave. Feeling thrilled, we decided to explore further. Equipped with flashlights, we ___3___ it with great caution. Inside, the cave opened up, revealing a breathtaking underground world. Shocked at the natural beauty, we determined to make the most of this ___4___ find. As we walked along the side of the cave, we were greeted by awe-inspiring rock. When we continued, a dim (暗淡的) light ___5___ ahead, accompanied by unsetting sounds. My daughter grabbed my hand as we ___6___, unsure whether to continue. However, after a moment of inner struggle, we ___7___ ourselves and pressed on towards the light. When we emerged from the cave, a forest came into our sight. The unsettling sounds we had heard were just the wind rustling the leaves. Listened to the birds’ calls, we took in the beauty of nature. It was an obvious ___8___ that sometimes, exploring the unknown can lead to astonishing ___9___. This adventurous trip of conquering fear had also ___10___ us to a place beyond our imagination, creating memories that would last a lifetime. 1. A. taking over B. packing up C. checking on D. putting aside 2. A. cultural B. impossible C. unforgettable D. romantic 3. A. entered B. found C. built D. decorated 4 A. temporary B. normal C. accidental D. different 5. A. responded B. appeared C. turned D. gathered 6. A. hesitated B. recovered C. finished D. escaped 7. A. rewarded B. expressed C. doubted D. steeled 8. A. marker B. foundation C. destination D. reminder 9. A. growth B. discovery C. success D. record 10. A. invited B. exposed C. brought D. supported 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I’d been living with Mama Lil since I was six, when my own mama and daddy ___11___ (kill) in an apartment building fire. Lillian Johns was my mom’s mother. Everybody on our street called her Mama Lil and that was ___12___ I called her too. I had been butting heads (针锋相对) with her ever since I could remember. And the older I got, the more at odds we were and the more conflicts we ___13___ (experience). B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A marketing professor: In my book The Language of Branding, I mention that brand language is a brilliant way of enhancing customer loyalty (忠诚). ___14___ (company) that persuade people to use their own terms create “a sense of belonging and improved loyalty ___15___ the brand”. It also enables employees to work ___16___ (efficient) than before. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The practice of naming “generations” ___17___ (base) on birth year goes back at least to the supposed “lost-generation” of the late 19th century. But as the tradition slid into a never-ending competition to be the first ___18___ (propose) the next name ___19___ sticks, it has produced gradually ___20___ (decline) returns to social science and the public understanding. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A "For years, I found myself walking less and less. As I got older, aches and pains in my back and legs caused me to stay in my chair, watching TV and watching life go by. My doctor told me to be more active, and I tried. I tried canes and walkers…and I hated them. Dragging myself along, bent over, looking at the ground two feet in front of me—that didn't seem like a fun way to get around. Then, one day, a friend introduced me to the Perfect Walker. Nothing is going to stop me now!" Join millions of older Americans who are rediscovering the joy of walking! The Perfect Walker is an innovative mobility device that can change your life. It enables you to stand upright when you walk-with your spine straight and your eyes looking straight ahead. Your weight is supported by your upper arms and shoulders, some of the strongest parts of your body. Traditional walkers force you to put the pressure of your body weight on your hands and wrists. You push them in front of you, looking at the ground instead of where you are going. The Perfect Walker moves with you, with your feet free to walk in a normal fashion. Its easy height-adjust system allows it to be the perfect height for anyone from 4'9" to 6'2"and supports up to 300 pounds. The new Stand Assist HandlesTM enable you to distribute your weight across your arms and shoulders, not your hands and wrists, to help reduce back, neck, wrist pain and discomfort. It features comfortable arm pads, hand brakes, a fold-down seat and storage area with a backrest. It's built with aircraft- grade aluminum to be strong yet lightweight, and its streamlined design and oversized wheels make it perfect for walking in the yard. Why spend another day bent over and dragging yourself around—or worse yet, lying in front of the TV all day? Pick up the phone and take back your life. 21. Who is talking about the Perfect Walker at the beginning? A. A user. B. The agent C. A doctor. D. The producer. 22. What is the Perfect Walker's biggest advantage over traditional ones? A. It serves a variety of functions. B. It's made of aircraft-grade material. C. It features comfortable arm pads and a seat. D. It allows users to walk in an ordinary manner. 23. By dialing 1-888-235-1481, you can________. A. place an order B. apply for membership C. ask for a free trial D. get a promotion code B Many kids who grow up in big cities have lots of opportunities to experience science hands-on. There are zoos, museums and school field trips. But those conditions are sometimes out of reach for lower-income children. And in some rural areas, those opportunities simply don’t exist at all. Dan Sudran has taken it upon himself to help close the gap. Growing up a good, studious kid in Kansas, he followed the rules and went to college, then law school. But he was confused. “I couldn’t really figure out what I was or what I was supposed to be,” Sudran says. Sudran finally had his answer in his late 30s. He started taking apart electronics and collecting materials from the beach. In school, science had held no interest for him at all. But out in the real world, it turned out to be the thing he’d been missing all along. “My life becomes better since I got into science,” Sudran says. And that inspired him. What if he could give children the same experience he’d waited 30 years to discover? So Sudran got a college to donate some space and equipment. Pretty soon, a small nonprofit project called the Community Science Workshop Network was born. Today there are six workshops, almost all in low-income neighborhoods around California. One of the workshops is filled with stuff: microscopes, power tools, even a turtle and a snake. There’s no curriculum, nothing to memorize but tools to play and experiment with. Eighth-grader Jose Vega is working hard at building a robot while Esteban Espinoza, 6, is getting tadpoles (蝌蚪) out of a tank to examine them under a microscope. One group of kids are spreading out on the floor, trying to figure out how to build a hot air balloon. Sudran’s dream, he says, is to take this model of quick hands-on science all over the world. Next up, Sudran hopes, will be the small Southern California desert town of Coachella. 24. What can we know about Dan Sudran from the first two paragraphs? A. He makes a clear plan for his life. B. He had vast experience in field trips. C. He has a strong sense of responsibility. D. He showed an interest in science at school. 25. What gave Sudran the idea for the Community Science Workshop Network? A. His pursuit of better life. B. His practice of science. C. His dream in childhood. D. His devotion to education. 26. Why does the author list examples in paragraph 4? A. To show the function of the project. B. To reveal the history of the project. C. To stress the importance of science. D. To record the growth of the students. 27. What does Sudran decide to do next? A. Become a science teacher. B. Build more science workshops. C. Move to desert town of Coachella. D. Find new models of learning science. C Demanding days seem designed to test our self-control. We all need to rely on willpower to avoid short-term temptations and override unwanted thoughts or impulses (冲动). The prevailing psychological theory proposed that willpower resembled a kind of battery. With each exercise of self-control, you exhausted this resource. Without a chance to recharge, that resource ran low, making it harder to maintain self-control. This process was known as “ego depletion”. In 2010, however, psychologist Veronika Job published a study that questioned the foundations of “ego depletion” theory, with some interesting evidence that ego depletion depended on people’s underlying beliefs. In the study, Job divided participants into two categories: those with a “limited” view of willpower and those with a “non-limited” view of willpower, based on a prior questionnaire. She then gave the participants some standard laboratory tests examining mental focus, which was considered to depend on the reserves of willpower. The study found that people with a limited mindset tended to perform exactly as ego depletion theory would predict but the non-limited individuals did not, which indicated that people’s beliefs about willpower could be self-fulfilling prophecies (预言). Those who believed willpower was easily depleted saw their self-control decrease, while those who believed in “mental stamina (耐力)” experienced no ego depletion. Subsequent debates about the reliability of the laboratory tests of ego depletion emerged, but Job’s work demonstrated that mindset significantly impacted real-life outcomes. Her follow-up study revealed that after completing demanding tasks, most participants recovered to some degree overnight, but those with non-limited mindsets actually experienced an increase in their productivity the following day, as if energized by the extra pressure. If you already have a non-limited mindset about willpower, these findings might be a cause for self-satisfaction. For those with limited mindsets, hope is not lost. Learning about this science can help shift beliefs. Sharing this knowledge with others can further consolidate this shift. Moreover, recollecting times of engaging in taxing yet enjoyable tasks naturally shifts people’s beliefs toward non-limited mindsets, as they see proof of their own men tal stamina. To provide yourself with further evidence, you can conduct small self-control tests. As you realize your willpower’s growth, you’ll find resisting temptations and distractions easier. While immediate miracles aren’t guaranteed, perseverance will lead to a changed mindset and increased self-control, propelling actions toward personal goals. 28. “Ego depletion” theory shows that willpower ________. A. helps control our impulses B. reduces after exercising self-control C. is a test of your character D. is like a chargeable battery 29. What can we learn from Job’s two studies? A. Extra pressure boosts mental focus. B. Demanding tasks reduce mental focus. C. Reserves of willpower depend on mental focus. D. The change of mental focus relies on one’s mindset. 30. Which of the following can build non-limited mindsets? A. Picturing your ideal university. B. Doing homework in front of a TV. C. Sharing science knowledge with friends. D. Recalling mastering a challenging piano piece. D Creativity is a product of the human mind. But why are some people more creative than others? Having a unique brain has been proposed as one possibility. Take Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's musical creativity. It has been suggested that he had Tourette's syndrome a brain condition linked to a range of symptoms, which could have played a role. Other proposals link creativity to intelligence or even to the use of certain drugs. In the Creative Brain: Myths and truths, scientist Anna Abraham examines these ideas and four more, describing them as myths (谬见) and each is discussed in a chapter. But rather than fully debunk them, Abraham's precondition is that they all contain a truth. She researches into how these beliefs developed and spread — and why they are so hard to desert. Her focus is on how misinformation is often related to conflicting results in the scientific evidence that is supposed to back them up. Take the common idea that the brain's right hemisphere (脑半球) is associated with creativity. Both behavioral and brain-based studies have explored this, but findings are hard to compare because the ways of measuring different aspects, such as the level of creativity, vary greatly. This means we can find evidence supporting both the right and left hemispheres being dominant in creative activities, as well as the joint involvement of the two. Such problems, says Abraham, originate in the fact that creativity typically involves many elements but the focus is often drawn to just one, the imagination needed to make something new. Other aspects — such as the drive to create, the hard work involved and the ability to produce something that sympathizes with an audience — are also crucial. Many explanations, she says, treat creativity too simplistically: for example, taking certain drugs can make someone more open, and thus better able to think creatively, but may not affect their motivation. Abraham provides a good summarization of the relationship between creativity and the brain, covering a lot of ground while doing so. She encourages readers to think more deeply about brain-based creativity theories, even if they seem backed up by evidence. How creativity originates in the brain is complex and probably can't be explained by a simple narrative. Perhaps we need a new approach. 31. What does the word “debunk” underlined in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Deny. B. Expose. C. Approve. D. Clarify. 32. What can we learn about creativity from the passage? A. It helps to sympathize with an audience. B. It is dominated by the brain's right hemisphere. C. It is a complex process involving many factors. D. It can be enhanced by hard work and motivation. 33. As for brain-based creativity theories Abraham is __________. A. appreciative B. disapproving C. unconcerned D. objective 34. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explore the myths and truths about creativity and the brain. B. To prove that creativity is greatly linked with a unique brain. C. To argue that creativity is mainly determined by intelligence. D. To encourage the use of drugs to partly enhance creativity. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You’re standing in line at the grocery store or waiting for an elevator. You have no more than a minute to kill. And yet, before you’ve even realized what you’re doing, you’ve pulled out your phone and have begun to mindlessly scroll (滚屏) through apps. ____35____ Research suggests plenty of people do the same thing. Only 11% of people's smartphone checks were in response to a notification. For the rest of the time, they checked their phones totally unplanned, often without thinking through why they were doing it. We' re so used to constant stimulation that we feel uncomfortable when we’re not doing anything, even for just a few seconds. Our brains are hardwired to seek out rewards like knowledge, entertainment, and social connection. All of those things were much harder to find before we had tiny computers at our fingertips. Now we do. Our phones are basically all-you-can-eat buffets for our brains, endlessly and easily serving up the things they want. ____36____ A quick phone check probably isn't doing your brain any real harm. ____37____ Over time, constant scrolling could have a negative effect on your job performance, relationships, sleep, and possibly even physical safety, if you’re doing things like checking your phone while you walk or drive. ____38____ When you give in to your urges and check your phone, then feel guilty about it, the feeling of failure adds shame to injury. If you want to break the habit of constant checking, you’ll have to work at it. Building awareness is a good way. ____39____ For example, next time you catch yourself scrolling through short videos without even absorbing the content, think about whether you really want to be on your phone, or you are just putting off a less-fun task. A. Checking your phone is often automatic. B There's also a mental-health element to consider. C. Of course our minds can't help but feed themselves. D. Start going without your phone for set periods of time. E. The urge to check your phone is often related to stress relief. F. Take a moment to ask yourself what is driving your behavior. G. But it's also worth considering how all those little checks add up. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Life felt like a mountain hike with designated (指定) stops — high school, college — where I could figure out my direction. I chose chemistry as my college major because it seemed to provide different career options. Learning organic chemistry reactions wasn’t frustrating or boring, but I did not “love” my subject. When deciding what to do after finishing my undergraduate degree, I was largely driven by a desire for financial independence. While exploring job prospects, I found most required a master’s. I was offered a spot in a graduate program and decided to enroll. It came with the option of continuing to a Ph. D., but I never saw that as my likely direction. However, my certainty that I was not suited for a Ph. D. began to waver during my second year, when I started the mandatory laboratory research project. I spent a lot of time in the lab and I never felt bored. Mastering my project required constant learning and improvisation. I started to prefer experiments over classes. Standardizing reactions felt more satisfying than scoring well on exams. As my master’s was drawing to a close, my confusion peaked. With my scores, I was in a good position to be hired by government-funded companies — a great opportunity I didn’t want to waste. And everyone I talked to advised security a stable job instead of pursuing a Ph. D. I continued on to the interview stage. Still, I couldn’t ignore my growing interest in research. One week before my scheduled interview with my top-choice company, I backed out. I was going to pursue a Ph. D. I’ve completed my doctorate and am now an independent academic researcher. I have worked with others who are far more enthusiastic and were always sure they wanted to be scientists. My absent passion made me feel inadequate when I saw colleagues reading papers and discussing topics solely out of interest whereas I sometimes felt unmotivated to read literature relevant to my own project. I wondered how I traveled so far without “love” for the subject. Over the years, though, I have realized that neither success nor failure makes me go overboard or slip into depression. There are ups and downs, but it just feels right every morning to go to the laboratory and do experiments to learn something new. Having started my career as a “reluctant” (不情愿的) chemist, I am yet to proclaim my love for what I do. But I try to see the relevant problems and solve them for my own satisfaction. That makes me no less capable than my peers, and no less deserving of a space in science. 40. Why did the author choose chemistry as his college major? ________________________________________________________________ 41. When did the author begin to question his belief about not being suited for a Ph. D.? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶The author decided to continue to pursue a Ph. D. because of his failure in the job interview ________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can we learn about “reluctance”? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学学生李华。近期，中国人工智能DeepSeek在国际上引起广泛关注和热烈讨论。你的英国笔友Jim来信向你咨询相关情况，请你用英语给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 介绍中国人工智能发展的成果及意义； 2. 阐述你的感受。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$