内容正文:
专题01 词法之名词、冠词、代词
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 1
1.名词的数与格及易混点 3
2.冠词的定与不定及易错点 7
3.代词的形式与类别及易错点 11
中考练场 15
【题型解读】
中考英语单项选择题长期以多维度知识覆盖为核心,综合考查语法规则(如时态、语态、从句)、词汇辨析(近义词、固定搭配)及情景交际能力,强调对初中英语核心知识点的系统掌握。近年命题呈现语境化考查趋势,通过对话、生活场景等真实语境设置选项,要求考生结合上下文逻辑和语言习惯解题,例如在“请求允许”或“表达建议”等交际功能中考查语言应用能力。此外,试题干扰性设计增强,通过相似固定搭配(如“look forward to”与“look up to”)、时态混淆(如一般过去时与现在完成时)等设置陷阱,需考生细致分析题干信息以避免误判。
【命题规律】
中考英语单项选择题对名词、冠词及代词的考查遵循高频聚焦、语境嵌入与易混淆点强化的规律:
名词考查以可数/不可数区分(如“advice”不可数需搭配“a piece of”)和词义辨析(如“praise”与“promise”的语义差异)为核心,同时关注所有格变形(如“children’s”与“teachers’”的书写规范),常通过同类或近义名词对比设置陷阱。
冠词应用强调发音规则与语境适配性:不定冠词“a/an”依据首音素判断(如“a university”因辅音音素开头用“a”,“an umbrella”因元音音素开头用“an”);定冠词“the”用于特指(如“the book I bought yesterday”)或固定搭配(如“play the piano”);零冠词则出现在三餐(如“have breakfast”)或学科名称(如“study biology”)等场景。
代词考查侧重功能分类与逻辑关系:人称代词主格/宾格(如“he”与“him”)及物主代词(如“my”与“mine”)的转换;不定代词(如“both/all/none”的适用对象差异)和反身代词(如“myself/yourself”)的语境适配;疑问代词(如“what/which”)和复合不定代词(如“something/anything”)的逻辑判断。
【解题技巧】
一、名词类试题解答技巧
1.词义辨析与可数性判断
区分可数/不可数名词(如“advice”不可数,需搭配“a piece of”),注意不可数名词无复数形式;对比近义名词(如“praise(赞扬)”与“promise(承诺)”),结合上下文语义排除干扰项。
2.所有格变形规范
单数名词所有格加“’s”(如“Tom’s book”),复数名词以“s”结尾时仅加“’”(如“teachers’ office”),不规则复数需完整变形(如“children’s toys”)。
3.上下文排除干扰
通过题干逻辑判断名词功能,例如“填可数名词单数/不可数名词”时需结合动词或冠词(如“a/an”后接单数可数名词)。
二、冠词类试题解答技巧
1.不定冠词“a/an”选择
发音规则优先:以元音音素开头的单词用“an”(如“an umbrella”),辅音音素开头用“a”(如“a university”)。
2.定冠词“the”与零冠词区分
特指或固定搭配用“the”(如“play the piano”“the book I bought”);零冠词场景:三餐(“have breakfast”)、学科(“study biology”)或泛指类别(如“Cats are cute”)。
3.逻辑推理排除陷阱
注意题干中隐含的“第一次提及用a/an,再次提及用the”的规律(如“I saw a cat. The cat was black.”)。
三、代词类试题解答技巧
1.功能分类定位
区分主格/宾格(如“he”作主语,“him”作宾语)及形容词性/名词性物主代词(如“my book”与“the book is mine”)。
2.不定代词与反身代词适配
根据对象数量选择“both(两者都)”“all(三者及以上都)”或“none(都不)”,注意“something”用于肯定句,“anything”用于疑问/否定句;反身代词需与主语一致(如“He taught himself.”)。
3.逻辑关系排除法
通过连词或动词判断疑问代词(如“what”问事物,“which”问选择)或复合不定代词(如“someone”指某人)的适用性。
(一)名词的数与格及易混点
【考点诠释】
也是中考最大考向之一,名词的数、格考查较少,主要考查考查单词,
知识分类
核心知识点
示例及说明
可数名词
1. 复数规则变化
一般加-s(book→books);
以s/x/sh/ch结尾加-es(bus→buses);
辅音字母+y结尾改y为i加-es(city→cities);
元音字母+y结尾直接加-s(boy→boys);
以o结尾有生命加-es(tomato→tomatoes),无生命加-s(photo→photos);
以f/fe结尾改v加-es(leaf→leaves)
2. 复数不规则变化
单复数同形(sheep→sheep);
特殊变形(man→men, child→children).
3. 复合名词复数
man/woman作定语时前后均变复数(men teachers;)
普通名词作定语时仅主体变复数(boy students)
易错点:
部分以f结尾的词可直接加-s(roof→roofs);
fish复数形式可表同类(fish)或不同类(fishes)
不可数名词
1. 特点
复数形式,不可直接与a/an或数词连用;
需用量词表达数量(a piece of paper)
2. 常见分类
物质名词(water, milk)
抽象名词(happiness, information)
学科/疾病名(biology, flu)
特殊用法:
不可数名词被形容词修饰时可加a/an(a good time);
部分不可数名词可转为可数名词(coffee→two coffees)
名词所有格
1. 构成规则
单数名词加’s(Tom’s book);
以s结尾的复数名词加’(teachers’ office);
不规则复数加’s(children’s toys)
2. 使用场景
有生命名词优先用’s(the cat’s tail);
无生命名词多用of结构(the cover of the book)
易混淆点:
所有格与of结构的逻辑区别(Tom’s friend vs. a friend of Tom);
双重所有格(a friend of my father’s)
特殊用法与易错点
1. 集体名词的单复数意义:
单数表整体(family指家庭整体);
复数强调成员(family指家庭成员)
2. 专有名词首字母大写(China, Monday)
3. 可数性转换:
部分不可数名词在特定语境中可数化(glass→glasses表“眼镜”)
易错点:
集体名词(如audience, team)的单复数动词需根据语境判断;
部分名词仅有复数形式(trousers, scissors)
高频易错点总结:
可数名词复数规则中的例外(photo→photos, potato→potatoes);
不可数名词被误用为可数名词(如information不可数);
所有格与of结构的逻辑适配(无生命名词优先用of)
【典题举隅】
1.Playing games ________ a lot of ________ .
A.are; funs B.is; fun C.are; fun D.is; funs
2.—How wide is the Golden Gate Bridge?
—It’s ________.
A.90-foot-wide B.90 feet wide C.90 foot wide D.90-feet-wide
3.—Our family ________ a cute dog.
—Really? ________ your family all love it?
A.have; Do B.has; Does C.have; Does D.has; Do
4.The three ________ students’ mothers are all ________ teachers in our school.
A.boy; woman B.boy; women C.boys; women D.boys; woman
5.Everyone thinks ________ necessary to remember the history of China because it’s of great ________.
A.that is; value. B.it; value C.it is; valuable D.that; valuable
6.—________ is it from your home to school?
—It is about 20 ________ bike ride.
A.How long; minute B.How far; minutes
C.How far; minutes’ D.How long; minutes’
7.The shop near my home sells ________ clothing at a very good price.
A.child and woman’s B.children’s and women’s C.children and women’s D.children’s and women
8.Can you give me _________ about the stars?
A.one information B.an information
C.informations D.some information
9.The teenagers think the professor’s advice is worth ________ and of some ________.
A.taking; helpful B.giving; help C.listening; use D.taking; help
10.I will share my interesting story _______a friend of _______ tomorrow.
A.to; me B.with; mine C.with; me D.from; mine
(二)冠词的定与不定
【考点诠释】
,经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解题时,首先看空格后是否有名词,有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an,此时还应该注意其后的词的第一个音素,如果是元音填an,如果是辅音,则填a;有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the;还要看是否是固定搭配。
类别
核心知识点
示例及补充说明
不定冠词
(a/an)
1. 发音规则
辅音音素开头用“a”(a university);
元音音素开头用“an”(an umbrella)
2. 用法
泛指单数可数名词(a book);
表示“每一”(three times a week);
固定搭配(have a good time)
易错点:
以字母“h”或“u”开头的单词需根据发音判断(an hour/a university);
不可数名词被形容词修饰时可加“a/an”(a good time)
定冠词
(the)
1. 特指用法
双方已知的事物(Pass me the book);
上文提及的事物(I saw a cat. The cat was black)
2. 唯一性事物
天体、自然现象(the sun, the earth)
3. 固定搭配
乐器前(play the piano);
序数词或最高级前(the first, the best)
易混淆点:
表示类别时,“the+单数可数名词”(The tiger is dangerous);
专有名词前不加“the”(China),但部分需加(the United States)
零冠词
1.适用场景
泛指复数或不可数名词(Cats are cute);三餐、学科、语言前(have breakfast, study math)
固定短语(by bus, at night)
2. 特殊规则
职位或头衔作表语时(He became president)
易错点:
疾病名称通常不加冠词(have flu),但部分需加(the flu);
季节前一般不加冠词(in winter),但特指时加(the winter of 2020)
易混淆点与特殊规则
1.冠词省略与添加
抽象名词泛称时无冠词(Love is important),特指时加“the”(the love of his life)
2. 固定表达差异
in hospital(住院) vs. in the hospital(在医院里)
特殊规则:
部分名词前有无冠词意义不同(go to school上学 vs. go to the school去学校);
“a/an”表“一个”,“the”表“那个”的语境区别
高频易错点总结:
元音字母开头但发音为辅音的单词(如university)误用“an”;
最高级前漏掉“the”(如“He is tallest student”错误);
抽象名词特指时未加“the”(如“the happiness she brought”)。
【典题举隅】
1.I had _______ coin when I ate dumplings on New Year’s Eve. It’s so lucky.
A.a B.the C.an D./
2.Kitty is ________ high school student and she ________ goes to the dentist because she is afraid.
A.a 18-year-old; often B.a 18-years-old; sometimes
C.an 18-year-old; never D.18 years old; usually
3.There is ________ “u” and ________ “s” in the word “bus”.
A.a;a B.an;an C.a;an D.an;a
4.Who got ________ mark in Art, Alice or Eric?
A.the best B.a best C.the better D.a better
5.—________ great time we had practicing ________ piano!
—Yes. It’s enjoyable.
A.What a; playing the B.How; to playing
C.What; playing D.How; playing the
6.— ________ number of boys ________ playing basketball on the playground.
— What’s ________ number of boys in our class, do you know?
A.A; are; the B.A; are; a C.A; is; the D.The; is; a
7.I wonder if there is ______ underground parking lot ______ the bank?
A.a; besides B.an; beside C.the; beside D.the; besides
8.—What will you do ________ Christmas Eve?
—We’ll have ________ unusual party.
A.on; an B.on; the C.in; an D.in; the
9.—What ______ great program it is!
—Yeah. It really tells us how to play _____ violin well.
A.a ; the B.an ; the C.an ; a D.a ; /
10.Hilary always tells her daughter that ________ pride comes before ________ fall, which has always been kept in her daughter’s mind.
A.the, the B.the, / C./, a D./, the
(三)代词的形式与类别及其功能
【考点诠释】
可能考查①宾格形式:在句中作宾语或表语。②形容词性物主代词:在名词前作定语。③名词性物主代词:作主语、宾语或表语。④反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词等。
代词类别
核心知识点
示例及补充说明
人称代词
1. 主格与宾格
主格作主语(I, you, he, she, it, we, they);
宾格作宾语(me, you, him, her, it, us, them)
2. 单复数形式
主格单复数对应宾格(he→him, they→them)
易错点:
主格与宾格不可混淆(如“He helped her”而非“Him helped she”);
主格宾格需根据句子成分判断
物主代词
1. 形容词性物主代词
修饰名词(my, your, his, her, its, our, their)
2. 名词性物主代词
独立使用(mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)
规则:
形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词(This is my book = This book is mine);
名词性物主代词后不加名词
指示代词
1. 近指与远指
this/these(近) vs. that/those(远)
2. 功能
可作主语、宾语、定语或表语(This is mine. I like that.)
特殊用法:
such也可作指示代词(such a good idea);
it可指代上文提到的事物(I bought a pen. It is red)
反身代词
1. 构成规则
第一、二人称:形容词性物主代词+self/selves(myself, yourselves);
第三人称:宾格+self/selves(himself, themselves)
2. 用法
强调自身动作或状态(I hurt myself)
易错点:
反身代词不可单独作主语(如“Myself did it”错误);
固定搭配(enjoy oneself, teach oneself)
疑问代词
1. 常见疑问代词
-who(谁)、whom(宾格)、whose(谁的)、what(什么)、which(哪个)
2. 功能
引导疑问句(What is this?)
规则:
who作主语,whom作宾语(Who called you? / Whom did you call?);
whose可修饰名词(Whose book is this?)
不定代词
1. 泛指与特指
some/any(一些)、all(所有)、each/every(每个)、none(没有)
2. 复合不定代词
someone, anything, nobody等
易混淆点:
some用于肯定句,any用于疑问/否定句(I want some water. Do you have any?);
none指三者及以上“都不”
相互代词与关系代词
1. 相互代词
each other(两者)、one another(三者及以上)
2. 关系代词
who/whom/that/which引导定语从句(The book that I bought)
规则:
初中阶段关系代词需掌握基本用法(如who指人,which指物)
高频易错点总结:
主格与宾格混淆(如误用“Him is my friend”);
名词性物主代词后误加名词(如“This is mines book”错误);
反身代词单独作主语(如“Myself did it”错误)
【典题举隅】
1._______ are in the same class.
A.Helen and I B.I and Helen C.I, you and she D.These
2.This is not my pen. It's_________.Mine is over there.
A.our B.hers C.your D.my
3.- Mum, my friends often say I am always different from other girls.
- Everyone in the world is different. So, just_______! It's the best way of life.
A.help yourself B.enjoy yourself C.teach yourself D.be yourself
4.It is well known that the speed of light is_____ sound.
A.many times faster than B.many times slower than
C.many times as fast as that of D.many times as slow as that of
5.Are________ Lucy’s ________ ?
A.this; pencils B.that; pencil C.these; pencils D.those; pencil
6.--Mr. Han, how is the weather in Anshun now, please?
--Actually, it is cooler than in Guiyang.
A.it B.that C.this D.those
7.—How about the price of these mobile phones?
—They are equal in price, but not cheaper than ________ at the other stores.
A.others B.it C.that D.the ones
8.—________ girl in the photo is your new classmate?
—The short one ________ brown hair.
A.Which; has B.Whose; wears C.Which; with D.Who; with
9.It takes a spaceship from earth about eight months to reach Mars when the two planets are closest to ______.
A.one another B.some others C.one other D.each other
10.I find ________ strange that my sister doesn’t want to see a film with us, but she wants to stay at home.
A.it B.this C.that D.one
单项选择
1.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ father works in the police station.
A.Eric and Helen’s B.Eric and Helen C.Eric’s and Helen D.Eric’s and Helen’s
2.(2024·西藏·中考真题)There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history.
A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes
3.(2022·江苏徐州·中考真题)From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city.
A.tradition B.condition C.position D.situation
4.(2022·甘肃武威·中考真题)The ________ rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from New York.
A.telephone B.doorbell C.clock D.bike
5.(2022·重庆·中考真题)This year, the family went camping on ________ Day, June 1st.
A.Child B.Child’s C.Children D.Children’s
6.(2024·四川·中考真题)Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday?
A.an B.the C.a D.不填
7.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)I bought a new computer last weekend. ________ computer is made in China.
A.A B.An C.The D./
8.(2024·山东滨州·中考真题)—The final exam is coming. How is it going?
—Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it.
A.a B.an C.the D./
9.(2024·天津·中考真题)My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful.
A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填
10.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up.
A.a B.an C.the D./
11.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)Linda often plays ________ piano after school.
A.a B.an C.the D./
12.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
13.(2024·四川凉山·中考真题)—What’s ______ matter with you, Jerry?
—I have a headache.
A.a B./ C.the
14.(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)It’s reported that it’ll be rainy today. Remember to take ________ umbrella with you, Cindy.
A.a B.an C.the
15.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)Beijing, ________ capital of China, is ________ city with a long history.
A./; the B.a; the C.the; a
16.(2024·吉林·中考真题)There is _________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it.
A.the B.a C./
17.(2024·山东菏泽·中考真题)—What________ interesting book!
—Yes, ________book is really amazing.
A.a; an B.an; the C.an; a
18.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)Mike is ________ honest boy. We all trust him.
A.a B.an C.the
19.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank?
—________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest.
A.Monday B.Friday C.Sunday
20.(2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题)Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ________.
A.man teachers B.men teachers C.women teacher
21.(2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题)—What animals did you see on the farm, Tom?
—I saw some ________.
A.rabbit B.ducks C.sheeps
22.(2023·湖南郴州·中考真题)My parents took me to the amusement park on ________ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
A.Children’s B.Children C.Child’s
23.(2023·湖南岳阳·中考真题)Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________ in China this year.
A.city B.cities C.citys
24.(2022·广西桂林·中考真题)Bill has got two ________.
A.sister B.brothers C.student
25.(2022·湖南益阳·中考真题)Look! There are some ________ eating grass on the hill.
A.sheep B.cow C.horse
26.(2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题)— Would you like some ________?
— Yes, madam.
A.egg B.juice C.milk teas
27.(2022·湖南湘西·中考真题)I’m not hungry at all because I just ate much ________.
A.apples B.bananas C.bread
28.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)The ________ is China’s national treasure. It’s a kind of cute animal that likes eating bamboo.
A.panda B.tiger C.elephant
29.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)With the introduction of the “double reduction” policy (双减政策), one of the ________ ________ that the students have less homework.
A.changes; is B.change; is C.changes; are
30.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—There will be ________ tomorrow. We can’t eat out.
—Well, we have to stay at home.
A.rainy B.rain C.raining
31.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)________ father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world.
A.Tony and Peter’s B.Tony’s and Peter C.Tony’s and Peter’s
32.(2022·西藏·中考真题)It is said ________ national ID cards in China will soon go digital(电子的) in the near future.
A.which B.what C.when D.that
33.(2022·西藏·中考真题)It’s important for the disabled ________ the ability to make a living.
A.to have B.have C.having D.has
34.(2022·西藏·中考真题)— Is this pen ________, Tina?
— No, it isn’t. It’s Linda’s.
A.you B.yours C.your D.yourself
35.(2022·四川·中考真题)It took him half an hour ________ the violin last night.
A.played B.play C.to play D.playing
36.(2023·上海·中考真题)The village is really beautiful. We’ve decided to stay for ________ two days.
A.others B.the others C.the other D.another
37.(2023·上海·中考真题)Kevin wrote two articles on AI technology last year. ________ of them have been published.
A.All B.Both C.None D.Either
38.(2023·上海·中考真题)I can’t give you any advice on farming because I know ________ about it.
A.a few B.few C.a little D.little
39.(2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题)—Did you see ________ at the Hangzhou National Tea Museum?
—Yes. I saw many beautiful tea sets and all kinds of tea there.
A.something interesting B.everything interesting
C.anything interesting D.nothing interesting
40.(2024·四川·中考真题)My mother’s birthday is coming, and I will buy a gift for ________.
A.she B.hers C.her D.herself
41.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)I advise you not to show ________ on Wechat because it may cause trouble.
A.anything personal B.personal anything
C.something personal D.personal something
42.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—Who left this bottle in the lab?
—It’s ________, sir. I’ll be careful with my things from now on.
A.my B.mine C.yours D.your
43.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Although he is new in this city, he doesn’t feel lonely because he has ________ friends.
A.a few B.few C.a little D.little
44.(2024·西藏·中考真题)He can use Chat GPT-4 by ________ without my help.
A.him B.her C.himself D.herself
45.(2024·西藏·中考真题)It takes ________ 23 minutes to get to the library by subway.
A.she B.he C.her D.his
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专题01 词法之名词、冠词、代词
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 1
1.名词的数与格及易混点 3
2.冠词的定与不定及易错点 7
3.代词的形式与类别及易错点 11
中考练场 15
【题型解读】
中考英语单项选择题长期以多维度知识覆盖为核心,综合考查语法规则(如时态、语态、从句)、词汇辨析(近义词、固定搭配)及情景交际能力,强调对初中英语核心知识点的系统掌握。近年命题呈现语境化考查趋势,通过对话、生活场景等真实语境设置选项,要求考生结合上下文逻辑和语言习惯解题,例如在“请求允许”或“表达建议”等交际功能中考查语言应用能力。此外,试题干扰性设计增强,通过相似固定搭配(如“look forward to”与“look up to”)、时态混淆(如一般过去时与现在完成时)等设置陷阱,需考生细致分析题干信息以避免误判。
【命题规律】
中考英语单项选择题对名词、冠词及代词的考查遵循高频聚焦、语境嵌入与易混淆点强化的规律:
名词考查以可数/不可数区分(如“advice”不可数需搭配“a piece of”)和词义辨析(如“praise”与“promise”的语义差异)为核心,同时关注所有格变形(如“children’s”与“teachers’”的书写规范),常通过同类或近义名词对比设置陷阱。
冠词应用强调发音规则与语境适配性:不定冠词“a/an”依据首音素判断(如“a university”因辅音音素开头用“a”,“an umbrella”因元音音素开头用“an”);定冠词“the”用于特指(如“the book I bought yesterday”)或固定搭配(如“play the piano”);零冠词则出现在三餐(如“have breakfast”)或学科名称(如“study biology”)等场景。
代词考查侧重功能分类与逻辑关系:人称代词主格/宾格(如“he”与“him”)及物主代词(如“my”与“mine”)的转换;不定代词(如“both/all/none”的适用对象差异)和反身代词(如“myself/yourself”)的语境适配;疑问代词(如“what/which”)和复合不定代词(如“something/anything”)的逻辑判断。
【解题技巧】
一、名词类试题解答技巧
1.词义辨析与可数性判断
区分可数/不可数名词(如“advice”不可数,需搭配“a piece of”),注意不可数名词无复数形式;对比近义名词(如“praise(赞扬)”与“promise(承诺)”),结合上下文语义排除干扰项。
2.所有格变形规范
单数名词所有格加“’s”(如“Tom’s book”),复数名词以“s”结尾时仅加“’”(如“teachers’ office”),不规则复数需完整变形(如“children’s toys”)。
3.上下文排除干扰
通过题干逻辑判断名词功能,例如“填可数名词单数/不可数名词”时需结合动词或冠词(如“a/an”后接单数可数名词)。
二、冠词类试题解答技巧
1.不定冠词“a/an”选择
发音规则优先:以元音音素开头的单词用“an”(如“an umbrella”),辅音音素开头用“a”(如“a university”)。
2.定冠词“the”与零冠词区分
特指或固定搭配用“the”(如“play the piano”“the book I bought”);零冠词场景:三餐(“have breakfast”)、学科(“study biology”)或泛指类别(如“Cats are cute”)。
3.逻辑推理排除陷阱
注意题干中隐含的“第一次提及用a/an,再次提及用the”的规律(如“I saw a cat. The cat was black.”)。
三、代词类试题解答技巧
1.功能分类定位
区分主格/宾格(如“he”作主语,“him”作宾语)及形容词性/名词性物主代词(如“my book”与“the book is mine”)。
2.不定代词与反身代词适配
根据对象数量选择“both(两者都)”“all(三者及以上都)”或“none(都不)”,注意“something”用于肯定句,“anything”用于疑问/否定句;反身代词需与主语一致(如“He taught himself.”)。
3.逻辑关系排除法
通过连词或动词判断疑问代词(如“what”问事物,“which”问选择)或复合不定代词(如“someone”指某人)的适用性。
(一)名词的数与格及易混点
【考点诠释】
中考名词的考查也是中考最大考向之一,名词的数、格考查较少,主要考查名词词义辨析,考查单词意义的辨识,用法上的辨异,语境应用。
知识分类
核心知识点
示例及说明
可数名词
1. 复数规则变化
一般加-s(book→books);
以s/x/sh/ch结尾加-es(bus→buses);
辅音字母+y结尾改y为i加-es(city→cities);
元音字母+y结尾直接加-s(boy→boys);
以o结尾有生命加-es(tomato→tomatoes),无生命加-s(photo→photos);
以f/fe结尾改v加-es(leaf→leaves)
2. 复数不规则变化
单复数同形(sheep→sheep);
特殊变形(man→men, child→children).
3. 复合名词复数
man/woman作定语时前后均变复数(men teachers;)
普通名词作定语时仅主体变复数(boy students)
易错点:
部分以f结尾的词可直接加-s(roof→roofs);
fish复数形式可表同类(fish)或不同类(fishes)
不可数名词
1. 特点
复数形式,不可直接与a/an或数词连用;
需用量词表达数量(a piece of paper)
2. 常见分类
物质名词(water, milk)
抽象名词(happiness, information)
学科/疾病名(biology, flu)
特殊用法:
不可数名词被形容词修饰时可加a/an(a good time);
部分不可数名词可转为可数名词(coffee→two coffees)
名词所有格
1. 构成规则
单数名词加’s(Tom’s book);
以s结尾的复数名词加’(teachers’ office);
不规则复数加’s(children’s toys)
2. 使用场景
有生命名词优先用’s(the cat’s tail);
无生命名词多用of结构(the cover of the book)
易混淆点:
所有格与of结构的逻辑区别(Tom’s friend vs. a friend of Tom);
双重所有格(a friend of my father’s)
特殊用法与易错点
1. 集体名词的单复数意义:
单数表整体(family指家庭整体);
复数强调成员(family指家庭成员)
2. 专有名词首字母大写(China, Monday)
3. 可数性转换:
部分不可数名词在特定语境中可数化(glass→glasses表“眼镜”)
易错点:
集体名词(如audience, team)的单复数动词需根据语境判断;
部分名词仅有复数形式(trousers, scissors)
高频易错点总结:
可数名词复数规则中的例外(photo→photos, potato→potatoes);
不可数名词被误用为可数名词(如information不可数);
所有格与of结构的逻辑适配(无生命名词优先用of)
【典题举隅】
1.Playing games ________ a lot of ________ .
A.are; funs B.is; fun C.are; fun D.is; funs
【答案】B
【解析】句意:玩游戏是很有趣的。
考查be动词和名词。are是,用于主语是复数或是第二人称you的时候;is是,用于主语是第三人称单数的时候;fun娱乐,乐趣,是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故A和D不对。这句话的主语是Playing games,动名词短语,谓语动词应该用单数形式,故选B。
2.—How wide is the Golden Gate Bridge?
—It’s ________.
A.90-foot-wide B.90 feet wide C.90 foot wide D.90-feet-wide
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——金门大桥有多宽?——它有九十英尺宽。
考查宽度的表达和复合形容词。90-foot-wide九十英尺宽的(只能作定语修饰名词);90 feet wide九十英尺宽;90 foot wide和90-feet-wide都是错误表达。表示宽度可用“基数词+单位词+形容词”结构,foot表示“英尺”,其复数形式是feet,90后要用可数名词的复数形式,所以选项C是错误表达;复合形容词的结构之一是“数词-单数名词-形容词”,这种结构只能作定语修饰名词,选项D是错误表达;空处作表语,名词短语90 feet wide符合语境。故选B。
3.—Our family ________ a cute dog.
—Really? ________ your family all love it?
A.have; Do B.has; Does C.have; Does D.has; Do
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我们家有一只可爱的狗。——真的么?你全家人都爱它吗?
考查集体名词。family作集体名词时,常以单数形式出现,侧重整体概念时,表示“整个家庭”,作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式,所以第一空应用has;侧重整体中的成员时,表示“家里的全部成员”,为复数意义,所以疑问句中的助动词用Do。故选D。
4.The three ________ students’ mothers are all ________ teachers in our school.
A.boy; woman B.boy; women C.boys; women D.boys; woman
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这三个男生的妈妈都是我们学校的女老师。
考查复合名词复数变化规则。boy student“男学生”;woman teacher“女老师”。以两个名词构成的复合名词,一般把后面的名词变复数,因此第一空用boy;以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数,因此第二空用women。故选B。
5.Everyone thinks ________ necessary to remember the history of China because it’s of great ________.
A.that is; value. B.it; value C.it is; valuable D.that; valuable
【答案】B
【解析】句意:每个人都认为有必要记住中国的历史,因为它很有价值。
考查it的特殊用法。根据“Everyone thinks…necessary to remember the history of China because it’s of great….”可知,第一空为固定句型:主语+think it+形容词+to do sth.“认为做什么怎么样”,it为形式宾语,真正的主语为to remember the history of China;第二空为固定搭配be of+名词,表示主语的某种形状或特征。故选B。
6.—________ is it from your home to school?
—It is about 20 ________ bike ride.
A.How long; minute B.How far; minutes
C.How far; minutes’ D.How long; minutes’
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——从你家到学校有多远?——骑自行车要20分钟。
考查特殊疑问句和名词所有格。How long多久,对一段时间或长度提问;How far多远,对距离提问;minute分钟;minutes minute的复数形式;minutes’ 分钟的(名词所有格)。根据“bike ride”,可知问句是对“距离”进行提问,疑问词用How far;修饰名词短语bike ride,用名词所有格minutes’。故选C。
7.The shop near my home sells ________ clothing at a very good price.
A.child and woman’s B.children’s and women’s C.children and women’s D.children’s and women
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我家附近的那家商店以很优惠的价格出售童装和女装。
考查可数名词的单复数形式和名词所有格。表示泛指时,要用可数名词的复数形式;表示两人共同所有的一个东西,则只能在后面那个名词后面加上’s;表示两人各自所有的两个东西,则应在两个名词后面都加上’s。根据语境可知,此处泛指儿童和女士各自的服装,所以两个名词都要采用复数形式且名词后面都加上’s。故选B。
8.Can you give me _________ about the stars?
A.one information B.an information
C.informations D.some information
【答案】D
【解析】句意:你能给我一些关于星星的信息吗?
考查不可数名词。information“信息”,是不可数名词,不能用one或an修饰,也不可以变复数,故选D。
9.The teenagers think the professor’s advice is worth ________ and of some ________.
A.taking; helpful B.giving; help C.listening; use D.taking; help
【答案】D
【解析】句意:青少年们认为教授的建议值得采纳,也有一定的帮助。
考查非谓语动词和名词。taking采纳;giving给予;listening倾听;helpful有帮助的;help帮助;use使用,用途。根据“the professor’s advice is worth...”可知,青少年们认为教授的建议值得被采纳,be worth doing“……值得被做”,故空一填taking;be of some help“有帮助”,故空二填名词help。故选D。
10.I will share my interesting story _______a friend of _______ tomorrow.
A.to; me B.with; mine C.with; me D.from; mine
【答案】B
【解析】句意:明天我要和我的一个朋友分享我有趣的故事。
考查动词短语和代词辨析。share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物,固定短语,可排除AD两项。本句是of双重所有格,后空需用名词性物主代词,me是宾格代词,可排除。根据句意结构,故选B。
(二)冠词的定与不定
【考点诠释】
冠词是基本考点,经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解题时,首先看空格后是否有名词,有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an,此时还应该注意其后的词的第一个音素,如果是元音填an,如果是辅音,则填a;有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the;还要看是否是固定搭配。
类别
核心知识点
示例及补充说明
不定冠词
(a/an)
1. 发音规则
辅音音素开头用“a”(a university);
元音音素开头用“an”(an umbrella)
2. 用法
泛指单数可数名词(a book);
表示“每一”(three times a week);
固定搭配(have a good time)
易错点:
以字母“h”或“u”开头的单词需根据发音判断(an hour/a university);
不可数名词被形容词修饰时可加“a/an”(a good time)
定冠词
(the)
1. 特指用法
双方已知的事物(Pass me the book);
上文提及的事物(I saw a cat. The cat was black)
2. 唯一性事物
天体、自然现象(the sun, the earth)
3. 固定搭配
乐器前(play the piano);
序数词或最高级前(the first, the best)
易混淆点:
表示类别时,“the+单数可数名词”(The tiger is dangerous);
专有名词前不加“the”(China),但部分需加(the United States)
零冠词
1.适用场景
泛指复数或不可数名词(Cats are cute);三餐、学科、语言前(have breakfast, study math)
固定短语(by bus, at night)
2. 特殊规则
职位或头衔作表语时(He became president)
易错点:
疾病名称通常不加冠词(have flu),但部分需加(the flu);
季节前一般不加冠词(in winter),但特指时加(the winter of 2020)
易混淆点与特殊规则
1.冠词省略与添加
抽象名词泛称时无冠词(Love is important),特指时加“the”(the love of his life)
2. 固定表达差异
in hospital(住院) vs. in the hospital(在医院里)
特殊规则:
部分名词前有无冠词意义不同(go to school上学 vs. go to the school去学校);
“a/an”表“一个”,“the”表“那个”的语境区别
高频易错点总结:
元音字母开头但发音为辅音的单词(如university)误用“an”;
最高级前漏掉“the”(如“He is tallest student”错误);
抽象名词特指时未加“the”(如“the happiness she brought”)。
【典题举隅】
1.I had _______ coin when I ate dumplings on New Year’s Eve. It’s so lucky.
A.a B.the C.an D./
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我在除夕吃饺子的时候得到了这枚硬币。真是太幸运了。
考查冠词的用法。不定冠词a/an,意为“一”,表示泛指,a用于辅音音素前,an用于元音音素前;定冠词the,意为“这个,那个”,表示特指;/表示不填,零冠词。除夕吃饺子时,通常只有一个饺子里有硬币,此处特指唯一的那枚硬币,应用定冠词the。故选B。
2.Kitty is ________ high school student and she ________ goes to the dentist because she is afraid.
A.a 18-year-old; often B.a 18-years-old; sometimes
C.an 18-year-old; never D.18 years old; usually
【答案】C
【解析】句意:Kitty是一名18岁的高中生,她因为害怕而从不去看牙医。
考查形容词和副词辨析。18-year-old18岁的;18-years-old表达错误;18 years old18岁。第一空作定语修饰名词短语“high school student”,应用形容词“数词-可数名词单数-形容词”结构,数词18是以元音音素开头,因此用不定冠词an修饰。often经常;sometimes有时;never从不;usually通常。根据“because she is afraid”可知,这里指因为害怕而从不去看牙医,故选C。
3.There is ________ “u” and ________ “s” in the word “bus”.
A.a;a B.an;an C.a;an D.an;a
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在单词bus中有一个u和一个s。
考查不定冠词。a一个,修饰辅音音素开头的单词;an一个,修饰元音音素开头的单词。字母u是辅音音素开头的,用a修饰,字母s是元音音素开头,用an修饰。故选C。
4.Who got ________ mark in Art, Alice or Eric?
A.the best B.a best C.the better D.a better
【答案】D
【解析】句意:爱丽丝和埃里克谁的美术成绩更好?
考查形容词比较级和冠词的用法。根据“Alice or Eric”可知,此处是两者间的比较,应用比较级better,此处泛指一个更好的分数且better以辅音音素开头,所以better前应用不定冠词a。故选D。
5.—________ great time we had practicing ________ piano!
—Yes. It’s enjoyable.
A.What a; playing the B.How; to playing
C.What; playing D.How; playing the
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我们练习弹钢琴是多么的开心!——对。这很愉快。
考查感叹句、非谓语动词以及定冠词。have a great time“玩得高兴”,固定搭配,time前面使用不定冠词a,a great time名词词组需要用what来引导感叹句;practise doing sth.“练习做某事”,固定搭配;play the piano“弹钢琴”,固定搭配。故选A。
6.— ________ number of boys ________ playing basketball on the playground.
— What’s ________ number of boys in our class, do you know?
A.A; are; the B.A; are; a C.A; is; the D.The; is; a
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——操场上有一群男孩正在打篮球。——你知道我们班有多少个男孩吗?
考查冠词的用法和主谓一致。a number of“大量的”,后加可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of“……的数量”,后加可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用单数。结合句意为“一群男孩”,a number of符合题意;第二空,谓语动词用复数;第三空,根据句意问“我们班男孩的数量”及系动词是is,所以这里用定冠词the。故选 A。
7.I wonder if there is ______ underground parking lot ______ the bank?
A.a; besides B.an; beside C.the; beside D.the; besides
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我想知道银行旁边是否有一个地下停车场?
考查冠词和介词。a不定冠词,表示数量一,用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;an不定冠词,表示数量一,用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词前;the定冠词,表特指;beside在旁边;besides除……之外(还有)。第一个空格表示“一个地下停车场”,表泛指,且underground以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an修饰;第二个空格表示“在银行旁边”,考查介词beside。故选B。
8.—What will you do ________ Christmas Eve?
—We’ll have ________ unusual party.
A.on; an B.on; the C.in; an D.in; the
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——圣诞节前夕你会做什么?——我们将举行一个不寻常的聚会。
考查介词及冠词的用法。on表示时间,用在具体的节日;星期几;具体的日期;in表示时间,用在一天中的上上午,下午或晚上,也用在年,月,季节前面,第一空“在圣诞节前夕”是节日,在英语中节日前面用介词on;第二空表示泛指,用不定冠词,unusual首字母发音音素是元音音素用不定冠词an,故选A。
9.—What ______ great program it is!
—Yeah. It really tells us how to play _____ violin well.
A.a ; the B.an ; the C.an ; a D.a ; /
【答案】A
【解析】句意:—多棒的节目啊!—是的。它真的告诉我们如何演奏好小提琴。
考查冠词。根据语境可知,第一个空是泛指,要用不定冠词,且great是以辅音音素开头,故其前用不定冠词a来修饰;第二空play后接乐器名词需加定冠词 the,故选A。
【点睛】英语中冠词的用法要注意。如果是泛指要用不定冠词,要注意单词是元音音标开头还是辅音音标开头;如果是乐器前,则要用定冠词the。
10.Hilary always tells her daughter that ________ pride comes before ________ fall, which has always been kept in her daughter’s mind.
A.the, the B.the, / C./, a D./, the
【答案】C
【解析】句意:希拉里总是告诉女儿骄兵必败,这句话一直留在女儿的脑海里。
考查冠词。根据“... pride comes before ... fall”可知此处表示“骄兵必败”,pride在此处是不可数名词,其前不用冠词,fall“失败”,可数名词,此处表泛指,以辅音音素开头,其前用a。故选C。
(三)代词的形式与类别及其功能
【考点诠释】
代词也是常见语法考点。可能考查①宾格形式:在句中作宾语或表语。②形容词性物主代词:在名词前作定语。③名词性物主代词:作主语、宾语或表语。④反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词等。
代词类别
核心知识点
示例及补充说明
人称代词
1. 主格与宾格
主格作主语(I, you, he, she, it, we, they);
宾格作宾语(me, you, him, her, it, us, them)
2. 单复数形式
主格单复数对应宾格(he→him, they→them)
易错点:
主格与宾格不可混淆(如“He helped her”而非“Him helped she”);
主格宾格需根据句子成分判断
物主代词
1. 形容词性物主代词
修饰名词(my, your, his, her, its, our, their)
2. 名词性物主代词
独立使用(mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)
规则:
形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词(This is my book = This book is mine);
名词性物主代词后不加名词
指示代词
1. 近指与远指
this/these(近) vs. that/those(远)
2. 功能
可作主语、宾语、定语或表语(This is mine. I like that.)
特殊用法:
such也可作指示代词(such a good idea);
it可指代上文提到的事物(I bought a pen. It is red)
反身代词
1. 构成规则
第一、二人称:形容词性物主代词+self/selves(myself, yourselves);
第三人称:宾格+self/selves(himself, themselves)
2. 用法
强调自身动作或状态(I hurt myself)
易错点:
反身代词不可单独作主语(如“Myself did it”错误);
固定搭配(enjoy oneself, teach oneself)
疑问代词
1. 常见疑问代词
-who(谁)、whom(宾格)、whose(谁的)、what(什么)、which(哪个)
2. 功能
引导疑问句(What is this?)
规则:
who作主语,whom作宾语(Who called you? / Whom did you call?);
whose可修饰名词(Whose book is this?)
不定代词
1. 泛指与特指
some/any(一些)、all(所有)、each/every(每个)、none(没有)
2. 复合不定代词
someone, anything, nobody等
易混淆点:
some用于肯定句,any用于疑问/否定句(I want some water. Do you have any?);
none指三者及以上“都不”
相互代词与关系代词
1. 相互代词
each other(两者)、one another(三者及以上)
2. 关系代词
who/whom/that/which引导定语从句(The book that I bought)
规则:
初中阶段关系代词需掌握基本用法(如who指人,which指物)
高频易错点总结:
主格与宾格混淆(如误用“Him is my friend”);
名词性物主代词后误加名词(如“This is mines book”错误);
反身代词单独作主语(如“Myself did it”错误)
【典题举隅】
1._______ are in the same class.
A.Helen and I B.I and Helen C.I, you and she D.These
【答案】A
【解析】句意:海伦和我在同一个班级。A. Helen and I海伦和我;B. I and Helen 我和海伦;C. I, you and she我,你和他;D. These这些。人称代词同时出现时,位置关系为第2人称,第3人称,第1人称,只有A答案符合。
2.This is not my pen. It's_________.Mine is over there.
A.our B.hers C.your D.my
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这不是我的钢笔,是她的,我的在那边。A. our我们的,形容词性物主代词;B. hers她的,名词性物主代词;C. your你的,形容词性物主代词;D. my我的,形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后面必须跟名词,而此处所设空的后面没有名词,只能用名词性物主代词,故答案为B。
3.- Mum, my friends often say I am always different from other girls.
- Everyone in the world is different. So, just_______! It's the best way of life.
A.help yourself B.enjoy yourself C.teach yourself D.be yourself
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——妈妈,我的朋友经常说我和其他女孩总是不同。——世界上每个人都是不同的。一次,做好你自己!这是最好的生活方式。A. help yourself随便吃;B. enjoy yourself玩的开心;C. teach yourself自学;D. be yourself做好你自己。因为世界上没有一样的人,只要努力做好自己就可以了,故D答案符合题意。
4.It is well known that the speed of light is_____ sound.
A.many times faster than B.many times slower than
C.many times as fast as that of D.many times as slow as that of
【答案】C
【解析】句意:众所周知,光的速度是声音的速度的很多倍。
考查倍数的表达和指示代词。根据语境可知,本句是在比较“光速”和“声速”,“the speed”已出现过一次,再次出现的话需用指示代词that来替代,故排除A、 B;并且结合常识可知,光速比声速要快,故选C。
5.Are________ Lucy’s ________ ?
A.this; pencils B.that; pencil C.these; pencils D.those; pencil
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这些是露西的铅笔吗?
考查指示代词和名词。this这个;that那个;these这些;those那些;pencils铅笔,复数名词;pencil铅笔,单数名词;根据句意理解可知,句中谓语动词是复数形式are,所以主语应该是复数形式,所以排除A/ B选项;主语是复数,则后面的名词也要用复数形式,所以应该用pencils,故选C。
6.--Mr. Han, how is the weather in Anshun now, please?
--Actually, it is cooler than in Guiyang.
A.it B.that C.this D.those
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——韩先生,请问安顺现在天气怎么样?——实际上,它比贵阳凉爽一些。本题中比较的对象是安顺的天气和贵阳的天气,为了避免重复,用that代指前面出现的不可数名词weather,故答案为B。
7.—How about the price of these mobile phones?
—They are equal in price, but not cheaper than ________ at the other stores.
A.others B.it C.that D.the ones
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——这些手机的价格如何?——它们的价格一样,但并不比其他商店的便宜。
考查代词。others泛指其他人或物;it它,指前文中的同一个物体;that指代前文中的单数可数名词或者不可数名词;the ones特指复数名词。由“at the other stores”可知,此处特指其他商店的“mobile phones”,用the ones。故选D。
8.—________ girl in the photo is your new classmate?
—The short one ________ brown hair.
A.Which; has B.Whose; wears C.Which; with D.Who; with
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——照片中哪个女孩是你的新同学?——矮个子棕色头发那个。
考查特殊疑问词和介词的用法。which哪个;whose谁的;who谁;has有;wears穿;with和。根据“...girl in the photo”以及答句可知,第一空是在询问“哪一个女孩”,故用特殊疑问词which;第二空所在句为答句,且是简答句,省略了谓语部分“...is my new classmate”,故空格处不可使用谓语动词,排除选项A和B,用介词表示“有着……样的头发”用with。故选C。
9.It takes a spaceship from earth about eight months to reach Mars when the two planets are closest to ______.
A.one another B.some others C.one other D.each other
【答案】D
【解析】句意:当地球和火星这两个行星彼此距离最近的时候,从地球出发的宇宙飞船大约需要8个月的时间才能到达火星。
考查相互代词辨析。one another互相,用于三者及以上;some others错误搭配;one other错误搭配;each other相互,用于两者之间。由 the two planets“这两个行星”可知each other切合语境,故选D。
10.I find ________ strange that my sister doesn’t want to see a film with us, but she wants to stay at home.
A.it B.this C.that D.one
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我觉得很奇怪,我妹妹不想和我们一起去看电影,她却想待在家里。
考查代词辨析。it它;this这个;that那个;one一个人。根据“find … strange that…”可知,此处考查“find it adj. that从句”,其中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为that从句。故选A。
单项选择
1.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ father works in the police station.
A.Eric and Helen’s B.Eric and Helen C.Eric’s and Helen D.Eric’s and Helen’s
【答案】A
【解析】句意:Eric和Helen的爸爸在警察局工作。
考查名词所有格。此空修饰名词father,应用名词所有格,排除B选项;father是单数,此处表示两个人共同的父亲,在最后一个人名后加’s,故选A。
2.(2024·西藏·中考真题)There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history.
A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes
【答案】B
【解析】句意:中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。
考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时,变为复数时,需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数;hero的复数是heroes,因此women heroes符合句意,故选B。
3.(2022·江苏徐州·中考真题)From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city.
A.tradition B.condition C.position D.situation
【答案】C
【解析】句意:从我在电视塔顶部的位置,我可以完美地看到我们的城市。
考查名词辨析。tradition传统;condition条件;position位置;situation形式,情况。根据“on the top of the TV tower,”可知,此处是要表示一个位置。故选C。
4.(2022·甘肃武威·中考真题)The ________ rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from New York.
A.telephone B.doorbell C.clock D.bike
【答案】A
【解析】句意:电话铃响了,帕特接了电话。是他儿子从纽约打来的。
考查名词辨析。telephone电话;doorbell门铃;clock时钟;bike自行车。结合语境和下一句“It was his son calling from New York.”可知帕特的儿子从纽约打电话来,所以应该是电话铃声响了。故选A。
5.(2022·重庆·中考真题)This year, the family went camping on ________ Day, June 1st.
A.Child B.Child’s C.Children D.Children’s
【答案】D
【解析】句意:今年,全家在6月1日儿童节去露营。
考查名词所有格。由语境可知,此处指“儿童节”,英文表达为“Children’s Day”。故选D。
6.(2024·四川·中考真题)Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday?
A.an B.the C.a D.不填
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你能把你昨天买的书借给我吗?
考查冠词。根据“book that you bought yesterday”可知此处特指昨天买的书,用定冠词the。故选B。
7.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)I bought a new computer last weekend. ________ computer is made in China.
A.A B.An C.The D./
【答案】C
【解析】句意:上周末我买了一台新电脑。这台电脑是中国制造的。
考查冠词的用法。此处特指前句中提到的电脑,用定冠词the。故选C。
8.(2024·山东滨州·中考真题)—The final exam is coming. How is it going?
—Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——期末考试就要来了。最近怎么样?——还不错,谢谢。我只是把它当作平常的一场考试。我想我能做到。
考查冠词。a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the表特指;/不填。此处表示泛指,当作一场平常的考试,usual是以辅音音素开头的,故选A。
9.(2024·天津·中考真题)My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful.
A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我奶奶有一个花园。里面的花很漂亮。
考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个花园,“garden”首字母发辅音音素,用a;第二处特指花园里的花,用定冠词the。故选A。
10.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我长大后想成为像钱学森一样的科学家。
考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一位科学家,“scientist”首字母发辅音音素,故选A。
11.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)Linda often plays ________ piano after school.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【解析】句意:琳达放学后经常弹钢琴。
考查冠词用法。piano是乐器,其前应加定冠词the。play the piano“弹钢琴”。故选C。
12.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
【答案】C
【解析】句意:詹天佑是一名工程师,他被称为“中国铁路之父”。
考查冠词用法。此处表示泛指,engineer以元音音素开头,前面应使用不定冠词an。故选C。
13.(2024·四川凉山·中考真题)—What’s ______ matter with you, Jerry?
—I have a headache.
A.a B./ C.the
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你怎么了,杰瑞?——我头疼。
考查冠词用法。What’s the matter with sb.?“某人怎么了”,固定搭配。故选C。
14.(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)It’s reported that it’ll be rainy today. Remember to take ________ umbrella with you, Cindy.
A.a B.an C.the
【答案】B
【解析】句意:据报道今天会下雨。辛蒂,记得带把伞。
考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一把雨伞,“umbrella”是元音音素开头,故选B。
15.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)Beijing, ________ capital of China, is ________ city with a long history.
A./; the B.a; the C.the; a
【答案】C
【解析】句意:中国首都北京是一个有悠久历史的城市。
考查冠词用法。/零冠词;a不定冠词,表泛指;the定冠词,表特指。根据“capital of China,”可知此处特指中国首都,用定冠词the;第二个空泛指一个城市,用不定冠词a修饰。故选C。
16.(2024·吉林·中考真题)There is _________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it.
A.the B.a C./
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们学校附近有一条河。我们从不往里面扔垃圾。
考查冠词辨析。the定冠词;a不定冠词,表泛指。此处泛指一条河,且river以辅音音素开头,其前加不定冠词a。故选B。
17.(2024·山东菏泽·中考真题)—What________ interesting book!
—Yes, ________book is really amazing.
A.a; an B.an; the C.an; a
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——多有趣的书啊!——是的,这本书真的很棒。
考查冠词。第一空是泛指一本有趣的书,interesting以元音音素开头,应用an;第二空是特指上文提到的那本书,应用定冠词the。故选B。
18.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)Mike is ________ honest boy. We all trust him.
A.a B.an C.the
【答案】B
【解析】句意:迈克是一个诚实的男孩。我们都信任他。
考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词,表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词。此处泛指一个诚实的男孩,且honest以元音音素开头,其前加不定冠词an。故选B。
19.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank?
—________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest.
A.Monday B.Friday C.Sunday
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你最喜欢的工作日是哪一天,Frank?——星期五,因为第二天是星期六。然后我可以休息一下。
考查名词辨析。Monday星期一;Friday星期五;Sunday星期日。根据“because the next day is Saturday.”可知,Frank最喜欢的工作日是星期五。故选B。
20.(2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题)Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ________.
A.man teachers B.men teachers C.women teacher
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们学校五分之三的教师是男教师。
考查名词复数。根据“Three fifths of the teachers in our school”可知此处用名词复数,man/woman teacher的复数是men/women teachers。故选B。
21.(2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题)—What animals did you see on the farm, Tom?
—I saw some ________.
A.rabbit B.ducks C.sheeps
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你在农场看到了什么动物,汤姆?——我看见一些鸭子。
考查名词的用法。rabbit兔子,名词单数;ducks鸭子,名词复数;sheeps表述错误。some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,故选B。
22.(2023·湖南郴州·中考真题)My parents took me to the amusement park on ________ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
A.Children’s B.Children C.Child’s
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我的父母在儿童节带我去了游乐园。在那里有很多令人兴奋的事情可做。
考查名词所有格。根据“My parents took me to the amusement park on…Day.”及结合选项可知,此处表示“儿童节”,children“孩子们”,修饰名词Day应该用其所有格形式。故选A。
23.(2023·湖南岳阳·中考真题)Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________ in China this year.
A.city B.cities C.citys
【答案】B
【解析】句意:岳阳是今年中国十大最美丽的城市之一。
考查名词复数。one of+最高级+名词复数,表示“……中最……之一”,固定句型,可排除A选项;city的复数形式为cities。故选B。
24.(2022·广西桂林·中考真题)Bill has got two ________.
A.sister B.brothers C.student
【答案】B
【解析】句意:比尔有两个兄弟。
考查名词复数。sister姐妹;brothers兄弟们;student学生。two修饰可数名词复数,故选B。
25.(2022·湖南益阳·中考真题)Look! There are some ________ eating grass on the hill.
A.sheep B.cow C.horse
【答案】A
【解析】句意:看!有一些绵羊在山上吃草。
考查名词辨析。sheep绵羊;cow奶牛;horse马。根据“some”可知其后用可数名词复数,sheep单复数同形,其他选项均为单数。故选A。
26.(2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题)— Would you like some ________?
— Yes, madam.
A.egg B.juice C.milk teas
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你想要些果汁吗?——是的,夫人。
考查名词辨析。egg鸡蛋;juice果汁;milk teas错误表达,奶茶是不可数名词,不可以加s。some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,只有B选项符合,故选B。
27.(2022·湖南湘西·中考真题)I’m not hungry at all because I just ate much ________.
A.apples B.bananas C.bread
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我一点儿也不饿因为我刚吃了许多面包。
考查名词辨析。apples苹果,可数名词复数;bananas香蕉,可数名词复数;bread面包,不可数名词。根据“much”可知此处用不可数名词。故选C。
28.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)The ________ is China’s national treasure. It’s a kind of cute animal that likes eating bamboo.
A.panda B.tiger C.elephant
【答案】A
【解析】句意:熊猫是中国的国宝。它是一种喜欢吃竹子的可爱动物。
考查名词辨析。panda熊猫;tiger老虎;elephant大象。根据“China’s national treasure”和“It’s a kind of cute animal that likes eating bamboo.”可知,此处指熊猫。故选A。
29.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)With the introduction of the “double reduction” policy (双减政策), one of the ________ ________ that the students have less homework.
A.changes; is B.change; is C.changes; are
【答案】A
【解析】句意:随着“双减”政策的出台,其中一个变化就是学生的作业变少了。
考查名词复数和主谓一致。one of+名词复数,排除B;one of加名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数。故选A。
30.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—There will be ________ tomorrow. We can’t eat out.
—Well, we have to stay at home.
A.rainy B.rain C.raining
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——明天会下雨。我们不能在外面吃饭。——嗯,我们必须呆在家里。
考查there be用法。rainy下雨的;rain下雨,雨水;raining动名词形式。此处是there be句型,空处填的应是名词,rain符合语境,故选B。
31.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)________ father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world.
A.Tony and Peter’s B.Tony’s and Peter C.Tony’s and Peter’s
【答案】A
【解析】句意:托尼和彼得的爸爸是飞行员。他去过世界上许多国家。
考查名词所有格。根据“father”可知,此处指两个人共有的爸爸,在后一个人名后加’s,故选A。
32.(2022·西藏·中考真题)It is said ________ national ID cards in China will soon go digital(电子的) in the near future.
A.which B.what C.when D.that
【答案】D
【解析】句意:据说,在不久的将来,中国的国民身份证将很快实现数字化。
考查It固定句型。根据“It is said...national ID cards in China will soon go digital(电子的) in the near future.”可知,此处是“It is said that...”句型,意为“据说”,故选D。
33.(2022·西藏·中考真题)It’s important for the disabled ________ the ability to make a living.
A.to have B.have C.having D.has
【答案】A
【解析】句意:对残疾人来说,有谋生的能力是很重要的。
考查动词不定式作主语。it is adj. for sb. to do sth“做某事……”,动词不定式作主语,故选A。
34.(2022·西藏·中考真题)— Is this pen ________, Tina?
— No, it isn’t. It’s Linda’s.
A.you B.yours C.your D.yourself
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——Tina,这支钢笔是你的吗?——不,它不是。它是Linda的。
考查代词辨析。you你,人称代词主格;yours你的,名词性物主代词;your你的,形容词性物主代词;yourself你自己,反身代词。根据“Is this pen…”可知,问钢笔是不是你的,空后没有名词,用名词性物主代词作表语。故选B。
35.(2022·四川·中考真题)It took him half an hour ________ the violin last night.
A.played B.play C.to play D.playing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:昨晚他拉小提琴花了半小时。
考查非谓语动词。根据“It took him half an hour...the violin last night.”可知,此处是“It took sb+时间+to do sth”句型,表示“花费某人时间做某事”。故选C。
36.(2023·上海·中考真题)The village is really beautiful. We’ve decided to stay for ________ two days.
A.others B.the others C.the other D.another
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个村庄真的很漂亮。我们决定再待两天。
考查代词辨析。others其他的人或物;the others其他人或物(两部分中);the other两者中的另一个;another另一个(三者及以上)。根据“two days”可知此处指再待两天,用结构another+数词+名词复数“再几个……”。故选D。
37.(2023·上海·中考真题)Kevin wrote two articles on AI technology last year. ________ of them have been published.
A.All B.Both C.None D.Either
【答案】B
【解析】句意:凯文去年写了两篇关于AI技术的文章。两篇都被发表了。
考查代词辨析。All三者及以上都是;Both两者都;None三者及以上都不;Either两者选其一。根据“two articles”和“…of them have been published”可知,此处指两篇文章都被发表了,用both。故选B。
38.(2023·上海·中考真题)I can’t give you any advice on farming because I know ________ about it.
A.a few B.few C.a little D.little
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我不能给你任何关于农业的建议,因为我对农业知之甚少。
考查代词辨析。a few几个,修饰可数名词复数;few几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数;a little一点,修饰不可数名词;little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词。根据“I can’t give you any advice on farming because I know...about it”可知几乎不知道关于农业的知识,指代不可数名词,用little。故选D。
39.(2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题)—Did you see ________ at the Hangzhou National Tea Museum?
—Yes. I saw many beautiful tea sets and all kinds of tea there.
A.something interesting B.everything interesting
C.anything interesting D.nothing interesting
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你在杭州国家茶叶博物馆看到什么有趣的东西了吗?——是的。我在那里看到了许多漂亮的茶具和各种各样的茶。
考查代词辨析。something一些事,常放肯定句中;everything所有事;anything任何事,常放否定句和疑问句中;nothing没有事。根据“Did you see...”可知是有没有看到什么有趣的事情,疑问句中用anything。故选C。
40.(2024·四川·中考真题)My mother’s birthday is coming, and I will buy a gift for ________.
A.she B.hers C.her D.herself
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我妈妈的生日快到了,我要给她买礼物。
考查代词辨析。she她,主格;hers她的,名词性物主代词;her她,宾格;herself她自己,反身代词。此处表示给妈妈买一个礼物,作介词的宾语,用代词宾格her。故选C。
41.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)I advise you not to show ________ on Wechat because it may cause trouble.
A.anything personal B.personal anything
C.something personal D.personal something
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我建议你不要在微信上展示任何个人信息,因为这可能会引起麻烦。
考查形容词的位置以及复合不定代词的用法。something一般用于肯定句;anything一般用于否定句和疑问句。此句是否定句,所以应用anything。形容词修饰复合不定代词时,应放在其后,故选A。
42.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—Who left this bottle in the lab?
—It’s ________, sir. I’ll be careful with my things from now on.
A.my B.mine C.yours D.your
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——谁把这个瓶子留在实验室的?——是我的,先生。从现在起我会小心我的东西。
考查物主代词。my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;yours你的,名词性物主代词;your你的,形容词性物主代词。空后无名词,应用名词性物主代词,排除AD;根据“I’ll be careful with my things from now on.”可知,是“我的”瓶子。故选B。
43.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Although he is new in this city, he doesn’t feel lonely because he has ________ friends.
A.a few B.few C.a little D.little
【答案】A
【解析】句意:虽然他刚到这个城市,但他并不感到孤独,因为他有一些朋友。
考查代词辨析。a few修饰可数名词,一些;few修饰可数名词,几乎没有;a little修饰不可数名词,一些;little修饰不可数名词,几乎没有。根据“he doesn’t feel lonely”可知,不感到孤独,说明有一些朋友,且friends是可数名词,a few符合句意,故选A。
44.(2024·西藏·中考真题)He can use Chat GPT-4 by ________ without my help.
A.him B.her C.himself D.herself
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他可以在没有我帮助的情况下使用Chat GPT-4。
考查代词辨析。him他;her她;himself他自己;herself她自己。by oneself“独自”,主语是He,反身代词用himself。故选C。
45.(2024·西藏·中考真题)It takes ________ 23 minutes to get to the library by subway.
A.she B.he C.her D.his
【答案】C
【解析】句意:她乘地铁到图书馆需要23分钟。
考查代词辨析。she她;he他;her她;his他的。根据“It takes”结构可知,动词后的人称代词用宾格,只有her是宾格形式。故选C。
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