Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

【版本：人教　册别：必修三】 Discovering useful structures: Describe space facts and efforts to explore space Unit 4 Space Exploration Ⅰ Lead-in 2 Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. 1. Scientists work hard to find answers. 2. They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. 3. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 4. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 5. America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space. 6. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. 目的状语 目的状语 定语 定语 目的状语 定语 3 Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. 7. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003. 8. This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future. 9. More recently, China has sent Chang’e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations. 10. Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter. 11. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future. 定语 定语 目的状语 定语 目的状语 4 II Infinitive as attribute and adverbial 5 1. We must find a person to do the work. 2. There are lots of interesting things to see. 3. They got the order to leave the city. 动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的后面作后置定语。 动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、或同位关系。 主谓关系 动宾关系 同位关系 Infinitive as attribute 一、不定式作定语的位置和关系 6 1. She is the first graduate to get an offer in the big company. 2.It is recognized that he is the best man to do this job. 3. He is the only one to survive the accident. 当名词被序数词、形容词最高级或 the only, the next, the last, the right修饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不定式主动形式作定语。 Infinitive as attribute 二、不定式作定语（名词被特定词修饰） 7 1. In the past, women had no chance to go to school. 2. He made an attempt to be admitted to the big company. 3. His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage. 4. I must keep the promise to pay on time. 5. Do you have the courage to purse your dreams? 抽象名词常跟不定式作定语，如：wish,hope,dream,belief,way,right,courage,decision, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, ability等。 Infinitive as attribute 三、不定式作定语与特定名词连用 8 1. Do you have anything to say? 2. There is nothing to worry about. 3. I want to get something to drink. 不定代词常跟不定式作定语，如： something，nothing，anything等。 Infinitive as attribute 四、不定式作定语与不定代词连用 9 1. There is no one to take care of her. 2. I have no jewelry to wear. 3. There is nothing to worry/ be worried about. 在there be 句型中，作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或被动式均可。 Infinitive as attribute 五、have … to do和there be句型 在there be句型中，如果动词不定式有逻辑主语，则动词不定式只能用主动形式。 今天我没有什么事可做。 There is nothing for me to do today. 10 1. Give me a pen to write with. 2. He is looking for a room to live in. 3. There is nothing to worry about. 4. Here is a piece of paper for you to write on. 作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 Infinitive as attribute 六、不定式加介词作定语 11 1. I have a lot of things to do tomorrow. 2. Please give me something to drink. 3. He will show you the right path to take. 在一些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语用主动形式表被动意义，如 have / get / give / show sth. to do。 在此类句型中，不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，和句中另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系。 Infinitive as attribute 拓展与补充 ①I do a lot of things. ② I drink something. ③You take the right path. 12 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 动词不定式的时态和语态 Infinitive as attribute: Summary 13 1. To make friends easily, you need to be very kind. 2. They went there to save people who were injured. 3. More TV programs were produced to raise people’s concern over food safety. 4. To / In order to catch the first bus, he got up early. 5. The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 不定式作目的状语，可用in order to / so as to 代替，有时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但so as to一般不用于句首。 Infinitive as adverbial 14 1. He woke up to find everybody gone. 2. He arrived at the train station, only to find the train had already left. 3. She is too tired to do the job. 4. He is old enough to go to school. 5. Will you be so kind as to open the window? 不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果；有时也可用only to, too ... to, enough to, so/such ... as to 来表示结果状语。 Infinitive as adverbial 15 He rushed back, only to find the book missing. Jack has made such great progress, making his parents very happy. 不定式（短语）作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果的发生。 现在分词（短语）作结果状语，多表示自然而然的结果，即句子谓语和结果状语之间有直接的因果关系。 Infinitive as adverbial 拓展与补充 16 1. I am so excited to be here! 2. I am more than delighted to be with you! 3. She is proud to have won the first place. 4. He is glad to be invited to the meeting. 不定式作原因状语，常用于“主语 + be + adj. + to do…”结构中，此类形容词多是glad, excited, disappointed, shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。 Infinitive as adverbial 17 THANKS 18 $$