大题预测02 阅读理解说明文+语法填空(一)-【大题预测】冲刺2025年高考英语大题突破+限时集训（新高考通用）

大题预测02 阅读理解说明文+语法填空(一) 1、 阅读理解说明文 Passage（1） 【浙江省诸暨市牌头中学等多校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月适应性考试】It is common for us to hear people saying “too busy”. Sometimes maybe they are really busy, however, more times it’s just because that’s what they think they are supposed to say. That’s what important people say. That’s what people who get promoted say. But the fact is working long hours doesn’t necessarily mean better results. Never taking a vacation won’t lead to a promotion. So why are we so proud to talk about how busy we are all the time? In 2016, researchers from Columbia, Harvard, and Georgetown conducted a study to figure it out. They found busy people are perceived to be of high status, and interestingly, these status attributions are heavily influenced by our own beliefs about social mobility. In other words, the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work, the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing. That’s why we feel like we have to appear busy, and there’s a real perception that if someone is knee-deep in meetings, emails and stress, then they’re probably a big deal. This culture of busyness is making it hard for employees to find work-life balance. According to a recent study, one in five highly engaged employees is at risk of burnout (精疲力竭). Personally, I’m going to stop saying “busy” when people ask me how I am. It sounds self-righteous (自以为是的) and sets the wrong tone. Phrases like “I have limited access to email” and “I’ll respond as soon as I get back” sound like you’re being held against your will from working as opposed to making the most of your time off. That’s why we recently launched the Out of Office Email Generator, a free tool you can use before your next long weekend or trip. You can share loud and proud that you won’t be checking emails until you’re back. Managers need to think twice about emailing their teams on the weekend and talking about how busy they are. Leaders should take time off themselves and encourage employees to do the same. 8．Why do people like to say “busy”? A．They want to get promoted. B．It makes them look important. C．They have too much work to do. D．They enjoy the feeling of being busy. 9．Why do we tend to think that busy people are of high status? A．Our status can be attributed to our social mobility. B．We hold the belief that hard work leads to success. C．Our own opportunity for success never comes easily. D．We find few people of high status have time for leisure. 10．What does “I have limited access to email” sound like according to the author? A．One is too busy to check all emails in time. B．One is simply enjoying their time off work. C．One has difficulty dealing with the work issues. D．One is forced by circumstances to stop working. 11．Why did the author launch the Out of Office Email Generator? A．To ensure employees and employers have time off. B．To stop managers talking about how busy they are. C．To encourage employees to answer emails promptly. D．To enable employees to spend less time checking emails. Passage（2） 【山东省青岛市崂山区青岛第二中学2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末】In our information-driven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality. Consequently, the question arises: Where, then, shall we get our information from if not from the media? Who can we trust? How about experts- people who devote their working lives to understanding their chosen slice of the world? However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers (阻碍) our ability to grasp the intricacies (错综复杂) of the world. Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. And it is easy to take off down a slippery slope, from one attention-grabbing simple idea to a feeling that this idea beautifully explains, or is the beautiful solution for, lots of other things. The world becomes simple that way. Yet, when we embrace a singular cause or solution for all problems, we risk oversimplifying complex issues. For instance, championing the concept of equality may lead us to view all problems through the lens of inequality and see resource distribution as the sole panacea. However, such rigidity prevents us from seeing the multidimensional nature of challenges and hinders true comprehension of reality. This “single perspective instinct” ultimately clouds our judgment and restricts our capacity to tackle complex issues effectively. Being always in favor of or always against any particular idea makes you blind to information that doesn’t fit your perspective. This is usually a bad approach if you would like to understand reality. Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn’t fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. If this means you don’t have time to form so may opinions, so what? Wouldn’t you rather have few opinions that are right than many that are wrong? 12．What does the underlined word “allure” in Para.2 probably mean? A．Temptation. B．Tradition. C．Convenience. D．Consequence. 13．Why are simple ideas appealing according to the passage? A．They meet people’s demand for high efficiency. B．They generate a sense of complete understanding. C．They are raised and supported by multiple experts. D．They reflect the opinions of like-minded individuals. 14．What will the author probably agree with? A．Simplifying matters releases energy for human brains. B．Constant tests on our ideas help make up for our weakness. C．A well-founded opinion counts more than many shallow ones. D．People who disagree with us often have comprehensive views. 15．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Embracing Disagreement: Refusing Overcomplexity B．Simplifying Information: Enhancing Comprehension C．Understanding Differences: Establishing Relationships D．Navigating Complexity: Challenging Oversimplification Passage（3） 【吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2024-2025年高三下学期开学】A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: tó garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化) in a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,”, they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established, matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 8．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A．Running out of. B．Keeping away from. C．Putting up with. D．Taking advantage of. 9．Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A．To control weeds in large gardens. B．To bring in foreign species of plants. C．To conserve soil and water resources. D．To develop low-maintenance parkland. 10．Which of the following best describes Pict Oudolf’s gardens? A．Traditional. B．Odd-looking. C．Tasteful. D．Well-protected. 11．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The future of gardening is WILD． B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS. C．Matrix gardens need more CARE. D．Old garden plots work WONDERS. Passage（4） 【江西省吉安市六校协作体2025学年高三上学期1月联考】Archaeologists have uncovered evidence that an Aboriginal ritual (仪式) may have been passed down 500 generations and survived 12,000 years, making it the oldest known continuous cultural practice in the world. While investigating Cloggs Cave in Australia, researchers found a piece of wood sticking out of the ground. They cut it, and used carbon dating to determine that it’s about 12,000 years old. “12,000-year-old artifacts don’t survive in the ground for that long. Normally they just break down,” said Bruno David, a professor at Monash University in Australia. They also uncovered another wooden stick which, though 1,000 years younger, was remarkably similar. Both sticks were spread with animal or human fat, found next to small fireplaces, and both had been fleetingly burnt. David and his colleagues were approached in2017 by the GunaiKurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation (GLaWAC), which represents the GunaiKurnai people, to investigate the archaeological evidence of this ritual, which had previously been documented by the 19th- century geologist Alfred Howitt. Howitt detailed this ritual in his book. He wrote that the ritual would seek to help the sick people recover quickly by finding something belonging to the subject, attaching it to a throwing stick along with animal fat. The stick was then stuck in the ground before a fire, and it is placed in such a position that by-and-by it falls down. Excavations (挖掘) that took place 50 years ago without consulting the GunaiKurnai people uncovered the small fireplaces around which these rituals centered, but researchers didn’t analyze the wooden sticks in any significant detail. As well as dating and determining the use of these sticks, archaeologists also concluded that the caves were used almost specifically as a ritual site. This finding matches with the current GunaiKurnai knowledge. “Nowhere else on Earth has archaeological evidence of a very specific cultural practice whose performance is known from elders and has previously been tracked so far back in time,” said David. 28．How did Bruno David feel when mentioning the finding? A．Doubtful. B．Surprised. C．Confident. D．Satisfied. 29．Why did David and his colleagues investigate Cloggs Cave? A．To find evidence of a documented ritual. B．To prove the wisdom of Aboriginal people. C．To determine the age of an ethnic minority. D．To uncover the secret of some buried sticks. 30．What do we know about the ritual from the text? A．It was carried out around after a big fire. B．It was performed to heal the sick people. C．It was forgotten by the GunaiKurnai people. D．It regained public attention in the 20th century. 31．What is a suitable title for the text? A．World’s Oldest Ritual Dates So Far back in Time B．Some Sticks Determine the Rich Cultural Practice C．Scientists Have Proved Howitt’s Description of a Ritual D．Archaeologists Try to Determine the Use of Some Sticks Passage（5） 【江西省赣州市赣抚吉十五校联考2024-2025学年高三上学期12月月考】“To get ahead in this world, don’t we need a little bit of perfectionism?” As someone who has researched perfectionism for over a decade, I’m asked this question a lot. And I used to think that was true. It’s hard to succeed nowadays. You’ve got to sacrifice yourself, keep pushing well beyond what’s comfortable, and live life on your tiptoes. That’s just the common things in a competitive society where there are only a few winners, I believed. Yet, research finds that perfectionism has no relationship with performance. Perfectionistic people struggle really hard, but they’re no more likely to be successful. One reason is that perfectionistic people work hard but unsustainably so. They often find themselves in the sapping zone and opposite returns on their efforts. Another is that many perfectionists are world champions at self-doubt. When things get tough, when it looks like failure is heading their way, the anticipated shame and embarrassment are so fierce that perfectionistic people are unwilling to put forth any further effort that might allow others to discover their shortcomings. So, they simply give up to avoid fears of failure, which makes failure more likely. For perfectionists, dialing down goals and aiming for excellence instead doesn’t usually work. On the contrary, it’s important to learn to embrace the inevitability of setbacks, failures, and things not going quite as planned. It’s important to be able to sit comfortably with these humanizing experiences, to let them be, and not need to drive them out of existence. So we shouldn’t struggle to be perfect because perfectionism doesn’t lead to success. Instead, do recognize that learning to embrace imperfections and setbacks helps us to accept ourselves and keep moving forward. 12．What is the author’s initial belief about perfectionism? A．It has no relationship with performance. B．It leads to self-doubt and fear of failure. C．It is unsustainable and leads to burnout. D．It is necessary for success in tough society. 13．What does the underlined word “sapping” mean in paragraph 2? A．Falling. B．Reserving. C．Exciting D．Refreshing. 14．Why do many perfectionists give up when faced with challenges? A．They are not willing to work hard. B．They are afraid of shame from failure. C．They are unwilling to accept any failure. D．They are unable to dial down their goals. 15．What is the best title of the text? A．Why You Should Embrace “Good Enough” B．Why Kids Need “Intelligent Failure” C．What Is A Better Way To Seek Guidance D．What We Can benefit From Perfectionism Passage（6） 【吉林省长春市实验中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期末】[1] Antibiotic resistance (抗生素耐药性) is a growing threat to global health. In 2019, it caused over 1.27 million deaths worldwide and it’s projected that it may contribute to ten million deaths per year by 2050. [2] Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. But their misuse and overuse have contributed to the emergence of bacteria which carry genes that enable them to resist the killing power of antibiotics. This results in infections that are much harder to treat. Antibiotic resistance mainly spreads to humans through polluted food or water. [3] But a recent study suggests this isn’t the only way resistant bacteria can spread. According to researchers from China and the UK, air pollution may also be spreading antibiotic resistance. This is the first study to comprehensively estimate the link between increased antibiotic resistance and air pollution globally. They looked at 12 research studies conducted across 116 countries. These studies estimated the amplification of antibiotic resistant bacteria or genes in the atmosphere. [4] The study looked specifically at the most dangerous type of air pollution — PM2.5. The study found that antibiotic resistance rose alongside increasing PM2.5 concentrations (浓度) in the air. Every 10% rise in the concentration of PM2.5 was linked with a 1.1% global increase in antibiotic resistance and 43,654 deaths from its infections. The highest levels of antibiotic resistance were seen in north Africa and west Asia. These areas also had the most severe PM2.5 pollution. In comparison, Europe and North America which had the lowest average levels of PM2.5 pollution — also had lower levels of antibiotic resistance. [5] It shows there’s a significant relationship between air pollution and antibiotic resistance. Although the authors didn’t show evidence of causation between the two factors, they did find antibiotic resistance genes in the DNA of bacteria sequenced from air samples. This indicates that PM2.5 could facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes via the air. [6] However, it’s still unclear what underlying mechanisms (机制) may allow antibiotic resistance to spread in air pollution. It will be important for future studies to investigate this. It will also be important for researchers to investigate the role of other factors that can contribute to antibiotic resistance. 12．What is the study about? A．How resistant bacteria spread to humans. B．How the PM2.5 contributes to antibiotic resistance. C．The distribution of levels of antibiotic resistance globally. D．The relation between air pollution and antibiotic resistance. 13．What does the underlined word “amplification” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Increase. B．Improvement. C．Application. D．Disappearance. 14．What can be learned from the fourth paragraph? A．North Africa is less polluted than North America. B．Antibiotic resistance rises with the increase in PM2.5. C．PM2.5 pollution is the direct cause of antibiotic resistance. D．Air pollution is the biggest contributor to antibiotic resistance. 15．What will the follow-up study focus on? A．How to improve the air quality. B．How other factors contribute to air pollution. C．How to stop the spread of antibiotic resistance. D．How antibiotic resistance spreads in air pollution. Passage（7） 【湖南省长沙四大名校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考】The ocean covers approximately 70% of Earth's surface. It's the largest livable space on our planet, and there's more life there than anywhere else on Earth. Through exploration, we’re learning more about its biological, chemical, physical, and geological aspects. Exploration leads to discovery, but before we can truly explore, we must map. Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore. While the entire seafloor has been mapped using data collected from satellites, these data provide only a general picture of what's there. Detail is limited on these maps, so some important geographical features like seamounts and objects like shipwrecks remain unseen. As of 2023, 24.9% of the global seafloor had been mapped with modern high-resolution technology, usually fixed on ships, which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail. While almost 50% of the seafloor beneath U. S. waters had been mapped to these modern standards, the nation's seafloor is larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus, there's still a significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution. More is known about the seafloor than the species that call the ocean home. Seafloor maps can provide information about potential habitats, but they can't identify species on the seafloor or provide information about how they interact with each other and their environments. Scientists estimate there may be between 700,000 and 1 million species in the ocean. Roughly two-thirds of these species have yet to be discovered or officially described, with almost 2,000 new species accepted by the scientific community each year. We have a great deal more to learn about our ocean and what lives in it, but progress is being made. We learn more and more each year. But the ocean will never be fully explored. Earth is constantly changing, and it's important to understand these changes given the importance of the ocean in our everyday lives. 8．Why is seafloor mapping important for exploring the ocean? A．It reveals all objects on the seafloor. B．It shows the seafloor in greater detail. C．It guides decisions about where to sail. D．It provides a general picture of the earth. 9．Why is the seafloor beneath U. S. waters mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To stress the further task of mapping the seafloor. B．To explain the standards of mapping the seafloor. C．To illustrate the geographical features of the seafloor. D．To highlight the significance of mapping the seafloor. 10．What do we know from the seafloor maps? A．The quality of seawater. B．The environment of the ocean. C．The likely homes of sea species. D．The exact number of sea species. 11．What is the best title of the text? A．How can the seafloor be mapped? B．What species are living in the ocean? C．Why is it important to map the seafloor? D．What difficulty is there in exploring the ocean? Passage（8） 【湖南师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考】There’s a whiteboard on the refrigerator in the du Plessises’ kitchen the couple uses to plan dinners. But with two young children, full-time jobs and the nearest supermarket 20 minutes away, figuring out what to eat can sometimes be challenging. To lighten the load, Mr. du Plessis regularly uses a grocery delivery service and meal kits (半成品净菜) are their favorites. America’s appetite for online grocery sales rocketed more than 50%, from $62 billion in 2019 to $96 billion in 2020, according to the Food and Drug Administration. One in five consumers now has groceries delivered to their door at least once a month. Meanwhile, there’s been a steep increase in demand for restaurant takeout. Meal kits which come with premeasured ingredients are also experiencing strong growth. As food production and transportation make up as much as 1/3 of a typical US household’s annual contribution to climate change-inducing emissions, such a trend in food industry arouse some concerns. “It’s crossed my mind,” Mr. du Plessis says about the environmental impact. “Unfortunately, it’s one of those things like Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. It’s like we have to meet our basic needs before we can be concerned about the bigger picture.” In 2022, researchers from the University of Michigan modeled a single 36-item grocery cart to compare greenhouse emissions from an e-commerce grocery delivery and a traditional trip to the store to get the same items. They found that using an electric vehicle to pick up groceries could cut emissions by as much as half, compared to a gas-powered vehicle. They also found that home delivery could be an even better option. That’s because with a delivery vehicle, orders are often clustered, with a driver dropping off not just your groceries, but also hitting neighbors during the same run. While some might worry about more waste and carbon foot print that meal kits cause, a 2019 study conducted by Shelie Miller from the University of Michigan found that, comparatively, meal kits could be one of the best options for lower greenhouse gas emissions. The meal kits “did have more packaging overall and more impact associated with that packaging,” Miller says. “But what we really saw was that the meal kits had more efficient use of food.” On average, the greenhouse gas emissions for a meal made with ingredients purchased at a grocery store are 33% higher than a comparable prepackaged kit, the study found. 8．Why does the author mention Mr. du Plessis’ kitchen? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To stress a social problem. C．To call on healthy diets. D．To introduce the topic. 9．What concern comes along with the rise of food delivery? A．Poor goods quality. B．Environmental impact. C．Commercial disorder. D．Jammed transportation. 10．What does the underlined word “clustered” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Grouped together. B．Separated individually. C．Delivered randomly. D．Packed tightly. 11．What does Miller’s research indicate? A．Meal kits are delicately packaged. B．Meal kits help with cooking skills. C．Meal kits are efficient in cooking. D．Meal kits comparatively waste less. 2、 语法填空 Passage（1） 【2025届河南省郑州市中原区郑州中学高三上学期12月模拟预测】Chinese hit video game Black Myth: Wukong has taken the gaming world by storm since its release, 56 (sell) more than 10 million copies across all platforms in just three days. 57 (consider) the first Chinese-developed “Triple-A” title, Black Myth: Wukong topped the “most-played games” list on Steam, a leading gaming platform, 58 (mere) an hour after its debut (问世) on Tuesday morning. The game, drawing inspiration from the classic 16th-century Chinese novel Journey to the West, is being seen as a rare example of popular media broadcasting Chinese 59 (story) on an international stage. Black Myth: Wukong is a single-player action game, in 60 players take on the role of the Destined One — a monkey with supernatural powers. The Destined One is based on the character of Sun Wukong, or the Monkey King, a key character in Journey to the West. Journey to the West, one of the four great Chinese novels, 61 (write) in the Ming Dynasty(1368—1644) by Wu Chengen. It’s a story of mythology, religion and adventure, focusing on Tang Sanzang and his three disciples (Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie and Sha Wujing) going to the western regions 62 (obtain) Buddhism scriptures. The plot of 63 book is filled with fantasy, integrating Buddhism, Taoism and 64 (tradition) Chinese culture, contrasting good 65 evil. It has inspired hundreds of international films, TV shows an cartoons over the years. Passage（2） 【2025届山东省日照市高三下学期一模】Sophie Chen, a 35-year-old vlogger from Chester, England, has emerged as a cultural “ambassador (大使)” promoting Liuzhou in south China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region through social media. In 2012, drawn by the growing interest in Mandarin Chinese across the United Kingdom, she 36 (begin) her journey in China in a rural village 37 locals welcomed her warmly. Later that year, she settled in Liuzhou, finding similarities between her new home and Chester, both 38 (feature) pristine rivers, cultural heritage and 39 (industry) bases. Chen has documented her life in Liuzhou through short 40 (video), capturing both her personal growth and the city’s development. For instance, in one video about the Liujiang River, she highlighted the city’s nationally 41 (recognize) water quality, which has ranked first in China for surface water quality since 2020. She credits luosifen, the city’s famous river snail rice noodles, as a key factor in her attachment 42 Liuzhou. She has adopted local customs, from using chopsticks to trying traditional practices like guasha, 43 therapeutic(治疗的) scraping technique. Chen noted that many people worldwide are curious about China and have warm feelings toward the country. She uses her social media presence to share 44 she sees in Liuzhou, helping more people understand the beauty of Liuzhou and Guangxi, as well as the charm of China. Having witnessed Liuzhou’s development for over 12 years, Chen expressed her commitment 45 (continue) documenting the city’s evolution and sharing authentic stories about China through her video content. Passage（3） 【安徽省合肥市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期12月阶段性诊断检测】The exquisite craftsmanship of leaf-vein embroidery (叶脉刺绣) in Tongren city, Guizhou Province, has made Guizhou embroidery one of the major 36 (style) of embroidery in China. Leaf-vein embroidery first 37 (appear) in the Song Dynasty (960-1272), and has been used to transmit information by several ethnic groups in the southwestern region. Yang Li, 38 inheritor of this technique, has included the traditional embroidery of the Miao, Tujia and Dong ethnic groups into the leaves, 39 (showcase) the blending of traditional aesthetics and contemporary craftsmanship. Leaf-vein embroidery artwork boasts a highly 40 (art) value due to its complex production process. Sourced from rare plants in the primitive forests of the Fanjing Mountain scenic area in Tongren, the leaves with harder veins 41 are about to fall in autumn serve 42 the best raw material. After the leaves 43 (nature) soften over the next 20 days, they are warmed to preserve them. When soft, the leaves are also extremely fragile. Patterns inspired by ancient stories and nature 44 (draw) on the processed veins. In 2011, Yang opened a processing factory and 45 (offer) jobs to more than 500 female workers, rural women and people with disabilities. In 2022, Yang established the Guizhou embroidery intangible cultural heritage industry base, and since then has used social media to showcase the traditional techniques of leaf-vein embroidery through short videos. Passage（4） 【广东省红岭中学2024-2025学年高三下学期第五次统一考试】Chinese Artisan Creates 28-meter Masterpiece Yu Fangze, an inheritor of the national intangible cultural heritage of weaving straw dragons, is preserving 36 ancient tradition in Hukou county, Jiujiang city, east China’s Jiangxi Province. His latest creation measures 27.8 meters in 37 (long) and requires over 90,000 pieces of straw. The craft dates back to the Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907). Traditionally, local farmers made straw dragons 38 (celebrate) harvests and pray for good weather. Yu has been weaving straw dragons for 72 years. His passion began in childhood 39 he learned techniques from skilled craftsmen, enventually becoming a renowned artisan 40 (he). Creating perfectly crafted straw dragons 41 (involve) at least 12 intricate (错综复杂的) steps, including carefully selecting glutinous rice straw, bamboo and wood. “The most 42 (challenge) part is making the dragon’s skeleton, which has strict angle and size requirements,” said Yu. Yu has improved the dragon scale-making (鳞片制作) process by using wheat stalks (茎秆)instead of rice straw 43 a shinier appearance. A single 28-meter straw dragon requires 1,400 scales, each deliberately 44 (make) from nine uniform wheat stalks. To date, Yu’s straw dragons 45 (display) in local museums and featured in major celebrations in Jiangxi Province. Passage（5） 【湖南省长沙四大名校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考】Fenghuang or Phoenix Ancient Town, is a charming and ancient small town 36 (locate) in the beautiful landscape of western Hunan Province. It is surrounded by breath-taking mountains and the Tuojiang River 37 (flow) through it. The architecture is a blend of traditional styles, 38 (show) amazing woodwork and unique designs. The narrow streets are lined with antique 39 (wood) houses, some decorated with beautiful carvings, which add 40 touch of mystery to the ancient town. The local culture is vibrant, with folk music and performances full of festive atmosphere, 41 you can experience the unique customs and 42 (delicacy) here. The ancient town also offers a glimpse into the lives of its past residents, with museums and historical sites providing insights 43 its heritage. At night, the illuminated town is a sight to behold, casting a magical glow over the entire area. Fenghuang Ancient Town is truly a remarkable place 44 history, culture, and natural beauty come together, attracting countless tourists across the whole country 45 (explore) its beauty. Passage（6） 【江苏省苏州中学、海门中学、姜堰中学、淮阴中学等四校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月联考】Two models of the CR450 high-speed train, unveiled on Sunday in Beijing, can reach a test speed of 450 kilometers per hour, 36 means the CR450 will become the fastest high-speed train in the world once 37 (bring) into commercial service. Excelling in many key areas, the CR450 38 (set) new global standards so far, according to China State Railway Group. 39 it runs a higher speed, the CR450 has braking efficiency similar to trains running at 350 km/h. It also prioritizes passenger comfort, 40 (aim) to offer a smooth and quiet ride, even at an operational speed of 400 km/h. Advanced noise-reduction technologies ensure that the noise levels are comparable to those of the 350 km/h trains, providing a peaceful travel experience. Another standout feature of the CR450 is its 41 (exception) energy efficiency. The train’s running 42 (resist) has been reduced by 22 percent and its weight cut by 10percent, leading to improved fuel efficiency. The train’s internal part has been redesigned for comfort and convenience, 43 adjustable luggage racks and a flexible storage area catering to passenger needs. Li Yongheng, an official of China State Railway Group, said that to further boost China’s edge inHSR technology, 44 to better serve Chinese modernization, the company, along with the relevant ministries and organizations, as well as research institutes, universities, enterprises and other scientific research resources, established an innovative team that 45 (joint) tackles key technological challenges. Passage（7） 【江西省吉安市六校协作体2025学年高三上学期1月联考】Caviar (鱼子酱) is a term 56 (use)to describe fish eggs of sturgeon (鲟鱼). It is sometimes attached to the eggs of other fish 57 (category). There are three kinds of Caspian Sea caviar, each of 58 was named after the types of sturgeon that produces it. Sevruga, from the smallest fish, is fine-grained, 59 (intense) black and very salty. Oscetra, from a bigger fish, is larger-grained, often paler, with a “rich, almost, fruity or earthy flavor”. Beluga is from the largest, whitest and rarest fish, 60 (have) a delicate flavor. Caviar is a staple (主食) of Russian cuisine and is traditionally enjoyed on New Year’s Eve. In the old days caviar 61 (be) a staple, not a luxury. Works from the early 18th century make a description that caviar was sold on street corners. An egg-filled sturgeon from the Caspian Sea is regarded as one of the world’s most 62 (value) fishes. The caviar from a quality sturgeon can sell 63 several hundred dollars an ounce. The eggs from a single white sturgeon can fetch more than $100,000. Caviar can vary in color from black to pale grey to gold and even ivory. If it 64 (dry), refrigerated and properly stored at -2℃, it can stay good for 18 months. Russians like eating caviar on thickly-buttered toast or bread. In the early 2000s, world caviar prices were rising sharply, as demand increased and supply decreased. Prices doubled and international authorities tried to crack down on fake by carrying out 65 labeling system. Passage（8） 【辽宁省丹东市五校协作体2024-2025学年高三上学期12月月考】Located at the foot of Wushan Mountain in the southern scenic area of Hangzhou, Qinghefang Historic & Culture Feature Street sits just several hundred meters away from West Lake. It ranks as 56 must-visit destination for culture and history lovers. Huqingyutang Traditional Chinese Medicine Museum, 57 (lie) on Qinghefang Street, is an ancient wooden building 58 combines commerce and art. It’s also the best- preserved commercial building from the late Qing Dynasty. In 1874, a local resident named Hu Xueyan started his pharmacy (药房) here. He invited famous doctors from around Zhejiang 59 (visit) and learn from each other. He also studied the prescriptions (处方) used by 60 (early) generations. Based on its selected and authentic medicines, this pharmacy gained a high reputation, and Hu Xueyan 61 (praise) as the "Pharmaceutical King" of that area. Over the following century, the pharmacy experienced much change, including the transformation from a privately-run business to a state- owned one. In 1991, Huqingyutang Traditional Chinese Medicine Museum 62 (official) opened at the site of this famous former pharmacy. Handheld folding fans available at Wangxingji Fan, a shop on Qinghefang Street, 63 (be) among the most highly ranked in Hangzhou. The shop offers a 64 (various) of fans. The black paper fan, made of brown bamboo and mulberry paper, is particularly famous 65 its versatility (多功能). It’s locally referred to as “half an umbrella in one fan”. Passage（9） 【山东省青岛市崂山区青岛第二中学2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末】The revitalization (复苏) of abandoned properties in rural China is on the rise. Each 36 (locate) in remote Chinese towns, the following three striking hotels are far from the hustle of the city. WuYuan Skywells Hotel in Jiangxi province, a previously neglected 300-year-old mansion, was 37 (incredible) restored to its former glory, while maintaining its regional architectural feature tian jing, a narrow and tall courtyard pulling sunlight inside, 38 introducing elements of modern comfort. Similarly, by the end of 2022, designers 39 (restore) the Bamboo Craft village near Chengdu, preserving the construction traditions to build an extremely 40 (impress) roof. Seen from above, the shape of this building is like a figure “8” or the infinity sign“∞”. The Treewow Tribe in Zhejiang province features houses 41 are surrounded by a sea of bamboo trees to provide tourists 42 comfortable privacy. Notably, the free-form roof imitates the free-flowing lines of nature, gracefully 43 (invite) the green landscape into the private space. Marrying the charm of traditional Chinese designs and the 44 (rich) of modern living, these hotels will definitely offer you 45 unforgettable experience and a perfect getaway. Passage（10） 【浙江省诸暨市牌头中学等多校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月适应性考试】Mandarin is the official language of China and one of the official languages of the United Nations. It is generally referred to as “Chinese”. But in fact, Mandarin is just one of the Chinese dialects. China is 36 old and vast country and the mountain ranges, rivers, and deserts create region 37 (border). In ancient times, it was difficult for people in different places to communicate with each other and many regions 38 (develop) their own spoken languages. There are over 80 Chinese dialects 39 existence now, including Wu, Xiang, Hakka, Cantonese, Min and many other dialects. Classifying these Chinese languages as dialects or languages is a controversial topic. A Cantonese 40 (speak) and a person speaking Min will not be able to communicate with each other. Similarly, a person speaking Hakka will not be able to understand Xiang. 41 (give) these major difference, they could be regarded as languages. However, they all share a common 42 (write) system—Chinese characters. Even though the characters can 43 (pronounce) in completely different ways depending on the dialect one speaks, the language on paper is 44 (understand) between people of different regions. So from 45 is talked above, it is reasonable to say that they are all dialects of the official Chinese language—Mandarin. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 大题预测02 阅读理解说明文+语法填空(一) 1、 阅读理解说明文 Passage（1） 【浙江省诸暨市牌头中学等多校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月适应性考试】It is common for us to hear people saying “too busy”. Sometimes maybe they are really busy, however, more times it’s just because that’s what they think they are supposed to say. That’s what important people say. That’s what people who get promoted say. But the fact is working long hours doesn’t necessarily mean better results. Never taking a vacation won’t lead to a promotion. So why are we so proud to talk about how busy we are all the time? In 2016, researchers from Columbia, Harvard, and Georgetown conducted a study to figure it out. They found busy people are perceived to be of high status, and interestingly, these status attributions are heavily influenced by our own beliefs about social mobility. In other words, the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work, the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing. That’s why we feel like we have to appear busy, and there’s a real perception that if someone is knee-deep in meetings, emails and stress, then they’re probably a big deal. This culture of busyness is making it hard for employees to find work-life balance. According to a recent study, one in five highly engaged employees is at risk of burnout (精疲力竭). Personally, I’m going to stop saying “busy” when people ask me how I am. It sounds self-righteous (自以为是的) and sets the wrong tone. Phrases like “I have limited access to email” and “I’ll respond as soon as I get back” sound like you’re being held against your will from working as opposed to making the most of your time off. That’s why we recently launched the Out of Office Email Generator, a free tool you can use before your next long weekend or trip. You can share loud and proud that you won’t be checking emails until you’re back. Managers need to think twice about emailing their teams on the weekend and talking about how busy they are. Leaders should take time off themselves and encourage employees to do the same. 8．Why do people like to say “busy”? A．They want to get promoted. B．It makes them look important. C．They have too much work to do. D．They enjoy the feeling of being busy. 9．Why do we tend to think that busy people are of high status? A．Our status can be attributed to our social mobility. B．We hold the belief that hard work leads to success. C．Our own opportunity for success never comes easily. D．We find few people of high status have time for leisure. 10．What does “I have limited access to email” sound like according to the author? A．One is too busy to check all emails in time. B．One is simply enjoying their time off work. C．One has difficulty dealing with the work issues. D．One is forced by circumstances to stop working. 11．Why did the author launch the Out of Office Email Generator? A．To ensure employees and employers have time off. B．To stop managers talking about how busy they are. C．To encourage employees to answer emails promptly. D．To enable employees to spend less time checking emails. 【答案】8．B 9．B 10．D 11．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为什么人们喜欢说自己“太忙了”的原因以及有关解决这个问题的研究。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“It is common for us to hear people saying “too busy”. Sometimes maybe they are really busy, however, more times it’s just because that’s what they think they are supposed to say. That’s what important people say. That’s what people who get promoted say.(我们经常听到人们说“太忙了”。有时他们可能真的很忙，然而，更多的时候，这只是因为他们认为他们应该说的。重要人物都这么说。升职的人都这么说)”可知，人们喜欢说自己忙是因为那些成功人士都很忙，而人们想让自己看起来像成功人士。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“In other words, the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work, the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing.(换句话说，我们越相信一个人有机会通过努力工作获得成功，我们就越倾向于认为那些不休闲而一直工作的人地位更高)”可知，我们倾向于认为工作忙的人有很高的社会地位是因为我们坚信辛勤工作是成功的基石。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Phrases like “I have limited access to email” and “I’ll respond as soon as I get back” sound like you’re being held against your will from working as opposed to making the most of your time off.(像“我不能查收邮件”和“我一回来就回复”这样的话听起来就像是你被强迫工作，而不是充分利用你的休假时间)”可知，当人们说“我没有办法接收邮件”时，想表达的是“客观环境迫使我无法工作”。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“That’s why we recently launched the Out of Office Email Generator, a free tool you can use before your next long weekend or trip. You can share loud and proud that you won’t be checking emails until you’re back. Managers need to think twice about emailing their teams on the weekend and talking about how busy they are. Leaders should take time off themselves and encourage employees to do the same.(这就是为什么我们最近推出了“外出电子邮件生成器”，这是一个免费的工具，你可以在下一次长周末或旅行之前使用它。你可以大声自豪地告诉他们，在你回来之前你不会查收邮件。管理者在周末给团队发邮件、谈论自己有多忙时，需要三思而后行。领导者自己应该休息，并鼓励员工也这样做)”可知，作者创建Out of Office Email Generator是想让老板和员工都能有空闲的时间。故选A。 Passage（2） 【山东省青岛市崂山区青岛第二中学2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末】In our information-driven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality. Consequently, the question arises: Where, then, shall we get our information from if not from the media? Who can we trust? How about experts- people who devote their working lives to understanding their chosen slice of the world? However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers (阻碍) our ability to grasp the intricacies (错综复杂) of the world. Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. And it is easy to take off down a slippery slope, from one attention-grabbing simple idea to a feeling that this idea beautifully explains, or is the beautiful solution for, lots of other things. The world becomes simple that way. Yet, when we embrace a singular cause or solution for all problems, we risk oversimplifying complex issues. For instance, championing the concept of equality may lead us to view all problems through the lens of inequality and see resource distribution as the sole panacea. However, such rigidity prevents us from seeing the multidimensional nature of challenges and hinders true comprehension of reality. This “single perspective instinct” ultimately clouds our judgment and restricts our capacity to tackle complex issues effectively. Being always in favor of or always against any particular idea makes you blind to information that doesn’t fit your perspective. This is usually a bad approach if you would like to understand reality. Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn’t fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. If this means you don’t have time to form so may opinions, so what? Wouldn’t you rather have few opinions that are right than many that are wrong? 12．What does the underlined word “allure” in Para.2 probably mean? A．Temptation. B．Tradition. C．Convenience. D．Consequence. 13．Why are simple ideas appealing according to the passage? A．They meet people’s demand for high efficiency. B．They generate a sense of complete understanding. C．They are raised and supported by multiple experts. D．They reflect the opinions of like-minded individuals. 14．What will the author probably agree with? A．Simplifying matters releases energy for human brains. B．Constant tests on our ideas help make up for our weakness. C．A well-founded opinion counts more than many shallow ones. D．People who disagree with us often have comprehensive views. 15．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Embracing Disagreement: Refusing Overcomplexity B．Simplifying Information: Enhancing Comprehension C．Understanding Differences: Establishing Relationships D．Navigating Complexity: Challenging Oversimplification 【答案】12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是说明文。短文主要讲述了在信息驱动的社会中，塑造我们的世界观经常无法提供全面的现实视角。简单的想法可能很吸引人，但是我们会冒着过度简化复杂问题的风险，最终会影响我们的判断力，限制我们有效解决复杂问题的能力。我们应该与持有不同观点的人交谈并试图理解他们的观点，形成正确的观点。 12．词义猜测题。根据第二段“leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers(阻碍)our ability to grasp the intricacies of the world. (导致“单一视角本能”， 阻碍我们掌握世界的复杂性)”可知，专家受到过度简化的allure，也会导致单一视觉，不能掌握世界的复杂性，因此推断此处表示受到了过度简化的诱惑，allure在这里指的是“诱惑”。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. (简单的想法可能很有吸引力，因为它们提供了一种理解和确定性)”可知，简单的想法具有吸引力是因为它们产生一种完全理解的感觉。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn’t fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world.(相反，要不断测试你最喜欢的想法的弱点。对自己的专业知识要谦虚。对不合适的新信息和来自其他领域的信息保持好奇。而不是只与那些同意你的人交谈，或者收集符合你想法的例子，咨询那些反驳你、不同意你的人，并提出不同想法的人，作为理解世界的重要资源)”可推断，作者认为要不断测试自己的想法，要谦虚，要保持好奇，不要只是与同意自己观点的人交谈，要与那些与持有与自己不同观点的人交流，接受不同的观点，作为理解世界的重要资源。因此推断作者认为理由充分的观点比肤浅的观点更有价值。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“In our information-driven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality.(在我们这个信息驱动的社会中，通过媒体塑造我们的世界观就像仅仅根据一个人的脚的照片来形成对他们的看法一样，它经常无法提供全面的现实视角)”，第二段的“However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers(阻碍)our ability to grasp the intricacies of the world.(然而，即使是专家也会受到过度简化的诱惑，导致“单一视角本能”，阻碍我们掌握世界的复杂性)”以及倒数第三的“And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. (与其只与那些同意你的人交谈，或者收集符合你想法的例子，不如咨询那些反驳你、不同意你的人，并提出不同想法的人，作为理解世界的重要资源)”以及全文内容可知，本文作者主要提出“单一视角本能”最终会影响我们的判断力，限制我们有效解决复杂问题的能力，我们应该接受不同的观点，作为理解世界的重要资源。因此D项“驾驭复杂性:挑战过度简化”为最佳标题。故选D。 Passage（3） 【吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2024-2025年高三下学期开学】A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: tó garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化) in a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,”, they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established, matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 8．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A．Running out of. B．Keeping away from. C．Putting up with. D．Taking advantage of. 9．Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A．To control weeds in large gardens. B．To bring in foreign species of plants. C．To conserve soil and water resources. D．To develop low-maintenance parkland. 10．Which of the following best describes Pict Oudolf’s gardens? A．Traditional. B．Odd-looking. C．Tasteful. D．Well-protected. 11．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The future of gardening is WILD． B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS. C．Matrix gardens need more CARE. D．Old garden plots work WONDERS. 【答案】8．B 9．D 10．C 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。 8．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. (Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺)”中“to garden more like nature does”可推知，这种园艺方式接近自然的方式，由此推知，它不会使用化肥和电动工具，故划线词Eschewing有“远离、避开”之意，与B项“Keeping away from”意思相近。故选B项。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly in a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. (第二次世界大战后，德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制的方式种植大面积的公园，这一概念诞生了，这种方式需要最少的维护。规划者创造了可以在矩阵花园中模块化使用的混合种植，具有相似文化需求的植物被组合在一起，这样它们就可以在地上和地下一起生长，形成一个合作的生态系统，既能节约用水，又能抑制杂草生长)”可知，德国城市规划者尝试用可复制的方式种植大面积的公园，这种方式需要最少的维护，然后矩阵种植出现了，它可以形成一个合作的生态系统，既能节约用水，又能抑制杂草生长。由此可知，引入矩阵种植是为了开发低维护的公园绿地。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. (荷兰植物学家兼设计师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转颜色和形态，兼顾四季景致并满足野生动物的需求)”可推知，Piet Oudolf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C项。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. (一种新颖的园艺设计方法在全球范围内越来越受欢迎。这种方法被称为矩阵种植，其目标是让大自然在花园中承担更多繁杂的工作，甚至参与一些设计)”和最后一段中“The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. (这对园丁和地球都有巨大的好处。随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展)”可知，矩阵种植让花园更自然、野生，这代表了园艺未来的方向。A选项“The future of gardening is WILD (园艺的未来是野生自然)”能概括文章内容，适合做标题。故选A项。 Passage（4） 【江西省吉安市六校协作体2025学年高三上学期1月联考】Archaeologists have uncovered evidence that an Aboriginal ritual (仪式) may have been passed down 500 generations and survived 12,000 years, making it the oldest known continuous cultural practice in the world. While investigating Cloggs Cave in Australia, researchers found a piece of wood sticking out of the ground. They cut it, and used carbon dating to determine that it’s about 12,000 years old. “12,000-year-old artifacts don’t survive in the ground for that long. Normally they just break down,” said Bruno David, a professor at Monash University in Australia. They also uncovered another wooden stick which, though 1,000 years younger, was remarkably similar. Both sticks were spread with animal or human fat, found next to small fireplaces, and both had been fleetingly burnt. David and his colleagues were approached in2017 by the GunaiKurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation (GLaWAC), which represents the GunaiKurnai people, to investigate the archaeological evidence of this ritual, which had previously been documented by the 19th- century geologist Alfred Howitt. Howitt detailed this ritual in his book. He wrote that the ritual would seek to help the sick people recover quickly by finding something belonging to the subject, attaching it to a throwing stick along with animal fat. The stick was then stuck in the ground before a fire, and it is placed in such a position that by-and-by it falls down. Excavations (挖掘) that took place 50 years ago without consulting the GunaiKurnai people uncovered the small fireplaces around which these rituals centered, but researchers didn’t analyze the wooden sticks in any significant detail. As well as dating and determining the use of these sticks, archaeologists also concluded that the caves were used almost specifically as a ritual site. This finding matches with the current GunaiKurnai knowledge. “Nowhere else on Earth has archaeological evidence of a very specific cultural practice whose performance is known from elders and has previously been tracked so far back in time,” said David. 28．How did Bruno David feel when mentioning the finding? A．Doubtful. B．Surprised. C．Confident. D．Satisfied. 29．Why did David and his colleagues investigate Cloggs Cave? A．To find evidence of a documented ritual. B．To prove the wisdom of Aboriginal people. C．To determine the age of an ethnic minority. D．To uncover the secret of some buried sticks. 30．What do we know about the ritual from the text? A．It was carried out around after a big fire. B．It was performed to heal the sick people. C．It was forgotten by the GunaiKurnai people. D．It regained public attention in the 20th century. 31．What is a suitable title for the text? A．World’s Oldest Ritual Dates So Far back in Time B．Some Sticks Determine the Rich Cultural Practice C．Scientists Have Proved Howitt’s Description of a Ritual D．Archaeologists Try to Determine the Use of Some Sticks 【答案】28．B 29．A 30．B 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了考古学家在澳大利亚的克洛格斯洞穴中发现了世界上已知最古老的连续文化习俗——一种土著仪式，该仪式可能已传承了500代，历时12000年。 28．推理判断题。根据第二段“12,000-year-old artifacts don’t survive in the ground for that long. Normally they just break down.(12000年的文物不会在地下保存这么久。通常它们会分解)”可推知，布鲁诺·大卫提到这一发现时是感到惊讶的，因为这么古老的文物通常不会保存这么久。故选B。 29．细节理解题。根据第四段“David and his colleagues were approached in 2017 by the GunaiKurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation (GLaWAC), which represents the GunaiKurnai people, to investigate the archaeological evidence of this ritual, which had previously been documented by the 19th-century geologist Alfred Howitt.(2017年，代表古奈库奈人的古奈库奈土地和水域土著公司（GLaWAC）找到大卫和他的同事，要求他们调查这一仪式的考古证据，这一仪式此前已由19世纪地质学家阿尔弗雷德·豪伊特（Alfred Howitt）记录下来)”可知，大卫和他的同事调查克洛格斯洞穴是为了寻找有记载的仪式的证据。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据第五段“He wrote that the ritual would seek to help the sick people recover quickly by finding something belonging to the subject, attaching it to a throwing stick along with animal fat.(他写道，这个仪式是为了帮助病人快速康复，方法是找到属于病人的东西，把它和动物脂肪一起绑在一根投掷棍上)”可知，这个仪式是为了治愈病人而进行的，故选B。 31．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了考古学家在澳大利亚的克洛格斯洞穴中发现了世界上已知最古老的连续文化习俗——一种土著仪式，该仪式可能已传承了500代，历时12000年。由此可知，选项A“世界上最古老的仪式追溯到很久以前”最能概括文章主旨，适合作本文标题。故选A。 Passage（5） 【江西省赣州市赣抚吉十五校联考2024-2025学年高三上学期12月月考】“To get ahead in this world, don’t we need a little bit of perfectionism?” As someone who has researched perfectionism for over a decade, I’m asked this question a lot. And I used to think that was true. It’s hard to succeed nowadays. You’ve got to sacrifice yourself, keep pushing well beyond what’s comfortable, and live life on your tiptoes. That’s just the common things in a competitive society where there are only a few winners, I believed. Yet, research finds that perfectionism has no relationship with performance. Perfectionistic people struggle really hard, but they’re no more likely to be successful. One reason is that perfectionistic people work hard but unsustainably so. They often find themselves in the sapping zone and opposite returns on their efforts. Another is that many perfectionists are world champions at self-doubt. When things get tough, when it looks like failure is heading their way, the anticipated shame and embarrassment are so fierce that perfectionistic people are unwilling to put forth any further effort that might allow others to discover their shortcomings. So, they simply give up to avoid fears of failure, which makes failure more likely. For perfectionists, dialing down goals and aiming for excellence instead doesn’t usually work. On the contrary, it’s important to learn to embrace the inevitability of setbacks, failures, and things not going quite as planned. It’s important to be able to sit comfortably with these humanizing experiences, to let them be, and not need to drive them out of existence. So we shouldn’t struggle to be perfect because perfectionism doesn’t lead to success. Instead, do recognize that learning to embrace imperfections and setbacks helps us to accept ourselves and keep moving forward. 12．What is the author’s initial belief about perfectionism? A．It has no relationship with performance. B．It leads to self-doubt and fear of failure. C．It is unsustainable and leads to burnout. D．It is necessary for success in tough society. 13．What does the underlined word “sapping” mean in paragraph 2? A．Falling. B．Reserving. C．Exciting D．Refreshing. 14．Why do many perfectionists give up when faced with challenges? A．They are not willing to work hard. B．They are afraid of shame from failure. C．They are unwilling to accept any failure. D．They are unable to dial down their goals. 15．What is the best title of the text? A．Why You Should Embrace “Good Enough” B．Why Kids Need “Intelligent Failure” C．What Is A Better Way To Seek Guidance D．What We Can benefit From Perfectionism 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述我们不应该为追求完美而奋斗，因为完美主义不会带来成功。相反，要认识到，学会接受不完美和挫折有助于我们接受自己并继续前进。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段““To get ahead in this world, don’t we need a little bit of perfectionism?” As someone who has researched perfectionism for over a decade, I’m asked this question a lot. And I used to think that was true. (“要想在这个世界上出人头地，我们难道不需要一点完美主义吗？”作为一个研究完美主义超过十年的人，我经常被问到这个问题。而且我过去也认为的确如此。)”可知，作者认为要出人头地，我们需要一点完美主义，因此作者最初认为完美主义是在社会上取得成功的必要条件。故选D。 13．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Perfectionistic people struggle really hard, but they’re no more likely to be successful. One reason is that perfectionistic people work hard but unsustainably so. They often find themselves in the sapping zone and opposite returns on their efforts. (完美主义者确实非常努力，但他们并不比其他人更有可能成功。其中一个原因是，完美主义者虽然努力，但这种努力是不可持续的。他们常常发现自己处于sapping区，并且他们的努力常常得不到相应的回报)”可知，完美主义者工作努力但不可持续，因此他们经常发现自己处于“sapping”区，即消耗精力、令人疲惫的区域，与他们的努力相反。故划线词意思是“令人疲惫的、消耗精力的”。A. Falling下降的；B. Reserving保留的；C. Exciting令人兴奋的；D. Refreshing令人耳目一新的。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Another is that many perfectionists are world champions at self-doubt. When things get tough, when it looks like failure is heading their way, the anticipated shame and embarrassment are so fierce that perfectionistic people are unwilling to put forth any further effort that might allow others to discover their shortcomings. (另一个原因是，许多完美主义者都是自我怀疑的世界冠军。当事情变得艰难，看起来失败即将来临时，预期的羞耻和尴尬是如此强烈，以至于完美主义者不愿意付出任何进一步的努力，这可能会让别人发现他们的缺点)”可知，许多完美主义者面对挑战时会放弃是因为他们害怕失败带来的羞愧。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Yet, research finds that perfectionism has no relationship with performance. (然而，研究发现完美主义与表现无关。)”以及最后一段“So we shouldn’t struggle to be perfect because perfectionism doesn’t lead to success. Instead, do recognize that learning to embrace imperfections and setbacks helps us to accept ourselves and keep moving forward. (所以我们不应该挣扎着追求完美，因为完美主义并不会带来成功。相反，要认识到学会接纳不完美和挫折有助于我们接受自己并继续前行)”可知，文章主要讲述了新的研究表明，完美主义并不一定能带来成功，反而可能会让人筋疲力尽，害怕失败。相反，我们应该学会接受不完美和挫折，这样才能接受自己。因此推断A项“为什么你应该接受‘足够好’”为最佳标题。故选A。 Passage（6） 【吉林省长春市实验中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期末】[1] Antibiotic resistance (抗生素耐药性) is a growing threat to global health. In 2019, it caused over 1.27 million deaths worldwide and it’s projected that it may contribute to ten million deaths per year by 2050. [2] Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. But their misuse and overuse have contributed to the emergence of bacteria which carry genes that enable them to resist the killing power of antibiotics. This results in infections that are much harder to treat. Antibiotic resistance mainly spreads to humans through polluted food or water. [3] But a recent study suggests this isn’t the only way resistant bacteria can spread. According to researchers from China and the UK, air pollution may also be spreading antibiotic resistance. This is the first study to comprehensively estimate the link between increased antibiotic resistance and air pollution globally. They looked at 12 research studies conducted across 116 countries. These studies estimated the amplification of antibiotic resistant bacteria or genes in the atmosphere. [4] The study looked specifically at the most dangerous type of air pollution — PM2.5. The study found that antibiotic resistance rose alongside increasing PM2.5 concentrations (浓度) in the air. Every 10% rise in the concentration of PM2.5 was linked with a 1.1% global increase in antibiotic resistance and 43,654 deaths from its infections. The highest levels of antibiotic resistance were seen in north Africa and west Asia. These areas also had the most severe PM2.5 pollution. In comparison, Europe and North America which had the lowest average levels of PM2.5 pollution — also had lower levels of antibiotic resistance. [5] It shows there’s a significant relationship between air pollution and antibiotic resistance. Although the authors didn’t show evidence of causation between the two factors, they did find antibiotic resistance genes in the DNA of bacteria sequenced from air samples. This indicates that PM2.5 could facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes via the air. [6] However, it’s still unclear what underlying mechanisms (机制) may allow antibiotic resistance to spread in air pollution. It will be important for future studies to investigate this. It will also be important for researchers to investigate the role of other factors that can contribute to antibiotic resistance. 12．What is the study about? A．How resistant bacteria spread to humans. B．How the PM2.5 contributes to antibiotic resistance. C．The distribution of levels of antibiotic resistance globally. D．The relation between air pollution and antibiotic resistance. 13．What does the underlined word “amplification” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Increase. B．Improvement. C．Application. D．Disappearance. 14．What can be learned from the fourth paragraph? A．North Africa is less polluted than North America. B．Antibiotic resistance rises with the increase in PM2.5. C．PM2.5 pollution is the direct cause of antibiotic resistance. D．Air pollution is the biggest contributor to antibiotic resistance. 15．What will the follow-up study focus on? A．How to improve the air quality. B．How other factors contribute to air pollution. C．How to stop the spread of antibiotic resistance. D．How antibiotic resistance spreads in air pollution. 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了抗生素耐药性增加的危害以及它传播的途径，尤其提到空气污染对其传播的作用。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“According to researchers from China and the UK, air pollution may also be spreading antibiotic resistance. This is the first study to comprehensively estimate the link between increased antibiotic resistance and air pollution globally.(据来自中国和英国的研究人员称，空气污染也可能会传播抗生素耐药性。这是第一项全面估计全球抗生素耐药性增加与空气污染之间联系的研究)”可知，这是一项关于空气污染与抗生素耐药性关系的研究。故选D项。 13．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文的句子“This is the first study to comprehensively estimate the link between increased antibiotic resistance and air pollution globally. They looked at 12 research studies conducted across 116 countries.(这是第一项全面评估全球抗生素耐药性增加与空气污染之间联系的研究。他们研究了在116个国家进行的12项研究)”可知，这项研究全面评估了全球抗生素耐药性增加与空气污染之间联系，所以，相关的研究肯定是评估了大气中抗生素耐药细菌或基因增加的情况。所以划线单词的意义为“增加”，与A项的increase意义一致。故选A项。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“The study looked specifically at the most dangerous type of air pollution - PM2.5. The study found that antibiotic resistance rose alongside increasing PM2.5 concentrations (浓度) in the air. Every 10% rise in the concentration of PM2.5 was linked with a 1.1% global increase in antibiotic resistance and 43,654 deaths from its infections.(这项研究特别关注了最危险的空气污染类型——PM2.5。研究发现，抗生素耐药性随着空气中PM2.5浓度的增加而增加。PM2.5浓度每上升10%，全球抗生素耐药性就会增加1.1%, 43,654人死于其感染)”可知，抗生素耐药性随着PM2.5的增加而增加。故选B项。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“However, it’s still unclear what underlying mechanisms (机制) may allow antibiotic resistance to spread in air pollution. It will be important for future studies to investigate this. (然而，目前还不清楚是什么潜在机制允许抗生素耐药性在空气污染中传播。这对于未来的研究很重要)”可知，知道抗生素耐药性如何在空气污染中传播的对于于未来的研究很重要，所以，后续研究的重点应该是研究抗生素耐药性如何在空气污染中传播。故选D项。 Passage（7） 【湖南省长沙四大名校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考】The ocean covers approximately 70% of Earth's surface. It's the largest livable space on our planet, and there's more life there than anywhere else on Earth. Through exploration, we’re learning more about its biological, chemical, physical, and geological aspects. Exploration leads to discovery, but before we can truly explore, we must map. Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore. While the entire seafloor has been mapped using data collected from satellites, these data provide only a general picture of what's there. Detail is limited on these maps, so some important geographical features like seamounts and objects like shipwrecks remain unseen. As of 2023, 24.9% of the global seafloor had been mapped with modern high-resolution technology, usually fixed on ships, which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail. While almost 50% of the seafloor beneath U. S. waters had been mapped to these modern standards, the nation's seafloor is larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus, there's still a significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution. More is known about the seafloor than the species that call the ocean home. Seafloor maps can provide information about potential habitats, but they can't identify species on the seafloor or provide information about how they interact with each other and their environments. Scientists estimate there may be between 700,000 and 1 million species in the ocean. Roughly two-thirds of these species have yet to be discovered or officially described, with almost 2,000 new species accepted by the scientific community each year. We have a great deal more to learn about our ocean and what lives in it, but progress is being made. We learn more and more each year. But the ocean will never be fully explored. Earth is constantly changing, and it's important to understand these changes given the importance of the ocean in our everyday lives. 8．Why is seafloor mapping important for exploring the ocean? A．It reveals all objects on the seafloor. B．It shows the seafloor in greater detail. C．It guides decisions about where to sail. D．It provides a general picture of the earth. 9．Why is the seafloor beneath U. S. waters mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To stress the further task of mapping the seafloor. B．To explain the standards of mapping the seafloor. C．To illustrate the geographical features of the seafloor. D．To highlight the significance of mapping the seafloor. 10．What do we know from the seafloor maps? A．The quality of seawater. B．The environment of the ocean. C．The likely homes of sea species. D．The exact number of sea species. 11．What is the best title of the text? A．How can the seafloor be mapped? B．What species are living in the ocean? C．Why is it important to map the seafloor? D．What difficulty is there in exploring the ocean? 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，作者详细解释了海洋探索的重要性、海底测绘的现状、海洋生物的多样性以及我们对海洋及其生物的了解程度。文章通过提供数据、事实和科学估计来支持其观点，并强调了继续探索和研究海洋的必要性。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore. While the entire seafloor has been mapped using data collected from satellites, these data provide only a general picture of what's there. Detail is limited on these maps, so some important geographical features like seamounts and objects like shipwrecks remain unseen. (海底测绘提供了感知什么在海底，并指导决定在哪里探索。虽然利用卫星收集的数据绘制了整个海底的地图，但这些数据只提供了那里的大致情况。这些地图上的细节有限，因此一些重要的地理特征，如海底山和沉船等物体仍然看不到)”以及第三段“As of 2023, 24.9% of the global seafloor had been mapped with modern high-resolution technology, usually fixed on ships, which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail. (截至2023年，全球24.9%的海底已经用现代高分辨率技术绘制了地图，这些技术通常固定在船上，可以更详细地显示海底)”可知，海底测绘对于海洋探索很重要，卫星数据地图上有些细节看不到，海底测绘可以展示海底更详细的情况。故选 B项。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“While almost 50% of the seafloor beneath U. S. waters had been mapped to these modern standards, the nation's seafloor is larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus, there's still a significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution. (虽然美国水域下近50%的海底已经按照这些现代标准绘制了地图，但美国的海底面积比所有50个州的陆地面积都要大。因此，仍有大量的海底有待以高分辨率绘制)”可知，第三段提到美国水域下方的海底是为了强调绘制海底地图的进一步任务还很艰巨。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“More is known about the seafloor than the species that call the ocean home. Seafloor maps can provide information about potential habitats, but they can't identify species on the seafloor or provide information about how they interact with each other and their environments. (人们对海底的了解比对以海洋为家的物种还要多。海底地图可以提供关于潜在栖息地的信息，但它们不能识别海底的物种，也不能提供关于它们如何相互作用以及它们的环境的信息)”可知，通过海底地图我们可以了解海洋物种的栖息地。故选C项。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中的“Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore. (海底测绘提供了感知什么在海底,并指导决定在哪里探索)”及第三段“As of 2023, 24.9% of the global seafloor had been mapped with modern high-resolution technology, usually fixed on ships, which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail. While almost 50% of the seafloor beneath U. S. waters had been mapped to these modern standards, the nation's seafloor is larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus, there's still a significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution. (截至2023年，全球24.9%的海底已经用现代高分辨率技术绘制了地图，这些技术通常固定在船上，可以更详细地显示海底。虽然美国水域下近50%的海底已经按照这些现代标准绘制了地图，但美国的海底面积比所有50个州的陆地面积都要大。因此，仍有大量的海底有待以高分辨率绘制)”和最后一段“We have a great deal more to learn about our ocean and what lives in it, but progress is being made. ... and it's important to understand these changes given the importance of the ocean in our everyday lives. (关于海洋和海洋中的生物，我们还有很多需要了解的，但我们正在取得进展。……鉴于海洋在我们日常生活中的重要性，了解这些变化非常重要)”可知，作者文章通过提供数据、事实和科学估计，详细解释了海底测绘的现状和重要性。故选 C项。 Passage（8） 【湖南师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考】There’s a whiteboard on the refrigerator in the du Plessises’ kitchen the couple uses to plan dinners. But with two young children, full-time jobs and the nearest supermarket 20 minutes away, figuring out what to eat can sometimes be challenging. To lighten the load, Mr. du Plessis regularly uses a grocery delivery service and meal kits (半成品净菜) are their favorites. America’s appetite for online grocery sales rocketed more than 50%, from $62 billion in 2019 to $96 billion in 2020, according to the Food and Drug Administration. One in five consumers now has groceries delivered to their door at least once a month. Meanwhile, there’s been a steep increase in demand for restaurant takeout. Meal kits which come with premeasured ingredients are also experiencing strong growth. As food production and transportation make up as much as 1/3 of a typical US household’s annual contribution to climate change-inducing emissions, such a trend in food industry arouse some concerns. “It’s crossed my mind,” Mr. du Plessis says about the environmental impact. “Unfortunately, it’s one of those things like Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. It’s like we have to meet our basic needs before we can be concerned about the bigger picture.” In 2022, researchers from the University of Michigan modeled a single 36-item grocery cart to compare greenhouse emissions from an e-commerce grocery delivery and a traditional trip to the store to get the same items. They found that using an electric vehicle to pick up groceries could cut emissions by as much as half, compared to a gas-powered vehicle. They also found that home delivery could be an even better option. That’s because with a delivery vehicle, orders are often clustered, with a driver dropping off not just your groceries, but also hitting neighbors during the same run. While some might worry about more waste and carbon foot print that meal kits cause, a 2019 study conducted by Shelie Miller from the University of Michigan found that, comparatively, meal kits could be one of the best options for lower greenhouse gas emissions. The meal kits “did have more packaging overall and more impact associated with that packaging,” Miller says. “But what we really saw was that the meal kits had more efficient use of food.” On average, the greenhouse gas emissions for a meal made with ingredients purchased at a grocery store are 33% higher than a comparable prepackaged kit, the study found. 8．Why does the author mention Mr. du Plessis’ kitchen? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To stress a social problem. C．To call on healthy diets. D．To introduce the topic. 9．What concern comes along with the rise of food delivery? A．Poor goods quality. B．Environmental impact. C．Commercial disorder. D．Jammed transportation. 10．What does the underlined word “clustered” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Grouped together. B．Separated individually. C．Delivered randomly. D．Packed tightly. 11．What does Miller’s research indicate? A．Meal kits are delicately packaged. B．Meal kits help with cooking skills. C．Meal kits are efficient in cooking. D．Meal kits comparatively waste less. 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．A 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国在线食品杂货销售和外卖兴起的现象，同时指出这一趋势引发的环境影响担忧。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“There’s a whiteboard on the refrigerator in the du Plessises’ kitchen the couple uses to plan dinners. But with two young children, full time jobs and the nearest supermarket 20 minutes away, figuring out what to eat can sometimes be challenging. To lighten the load, Mr. du Plessis regularly uses a grocery delivery service and meal kits (半成品净菜) are their favorites.(杜普莱西夫妇厨房的冰箱上有一块白板，他们用它来计划晚餐。但由于有两个年幼的孩子、全职工作，而且最近的超市也在20分钟车程之外，有时决定吃什么会很有挑战性。为了减轻负担，杜普莱西先生经常使用食品杂货配送服务，而半成品净菜是他们的最爱)”和第二段中“America’s appetite for online grocery sales rocketed more than 50%, from $62 billion in 2019 to $96 billion in 2020, according to the Food and Drug Administration. One in five consumers now has groceries delivered to their door at least once a month. Meanwhile, there’s been a steep increase in demand for restaurant takeout.(美国食品和药物管理局的数据显示，美国人对在线杂货销售的兴趣飙升了50%以上，从2019年的620亿美元飙升至2020年的960亿美元。现在，五分之一的消费者每月至少有一次食品杂货送货上门。与此同时，对餐馆外卖的需求急剧增加)”可推知，作者提到杜普莱西先生的厨房，是为了引出后文关于美国在线食品杂货销售和外卖兴起这一话题。故选D项。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As food production and transportation make up as much as 1/3 of a typical US household’s annual contribution to climate change inducing emissions, such a trend in food industry arouse some concerns.(由于食品生产和运输在一个典型美国家庭每年导致气候变化的排放中所占比例高达三分之一，食品行业的这种趋势引发了一些担忧)”和第三段中“‘It’s crossed my mind,’ Mr. du Plessis says about the environmental impact.(“我想过这个问题，”杜普莱西先生谈到环境影响时说)可知，食品配送兴起带来的担忧是对环境的影响。故选B项。 10．词句猜测题。结合常识和划线词所在句“That’s because with a delivery vehicle, orders are often clustered, with a driver dropping off not just your groceries, but also hitting neighbors during the same run.(这是因为使用配送车辆时，订单通常……，司机在一次行程中不仅会送你的食品杂货，还会给邻居送货)”中“not just your groceries, but also hitting neighbors during the same run”可推知，使用车辆配送可以将很多订单集中在一起处理，在给你送货的同时也可以给邻居送货。由此推知，划线词clustered意思是订单被“集中在一起”，与“Grouped together(聚集在一起)”意思相近。故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Miller的话“But what we really saw was that the meal kits had more efficient use of food.(但我们真正看到的是，餐包对食物的利用更高效)”可知，米勒的研究表明餐包对食物的利用更高效，换句话说，相对而言餐包浪费更少。故选D项。 2、 语法填空 Passage（1） 【2025届河南省郑州市中原区郑州中学高三上学期12月模拟预测】Chinese hit video game Black Myth: Wukong has taken the gaming world by storm since its release, 56 (sell) more than 10 million copies across all platforms in just three days. 57 (consider) the first Chinese-developed “Triple-A” title, Black Myth: Wukong topped the “most-played games” list on Steam, a leading gaming platform, 58 (mere) an hour after its debut (问世) on Tuesday morning. The game, drawing inspiration from the classic 16th-century Chinese novel Journey to the West, is being seen as a rare example of popular media broadcasting Chinese 59 (story) on an international stage. Black Myth: Wukong is a single-player action game, in 60 players take on the role of the Destined One — a monkey with supernatural powers. The Destined One is based on the character of Sun Wukong, or the Monkey King, a key character in Journey to the West. Journey to the West, one of the four great Chinese novels, 61 (write) in the Ming Dynasty(1368—1644) by Wu Chengen. It’s a story of mythology, religion and adventure, focusing on Tang Sanzang and his three disciples (Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie and Sha Wujing) going to the western regions 62 (obtain) Buddhism scriptures. The plot of 63 book is filled with fantasy, integrating Buddhism, Taoism and 64 (tradition) Chinese culture, contrasting good 65 evil. It has inspired hundreds of international films, TV shows an cartoons over the years. 【答案】56．selling 57．Considered 58．merely 59．stories 60．which 61．was written 62．to obtain 63．the 64．traditional 65．with/ and 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国热门电子游戏《黑神话：悟空》。 56．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国热门电子游戏《黑神话：悟空》自发布以来就席卷了游戏世界，在短短三天内就在所有平台上卖出了1000多万份。空格处用非谓语动词作状语，动词sell与句子的主语Chinese hit video game Black Myth: Wukong之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词selling作状语。故填selling。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：《黑神话：悟空》被认为是中国开发的第一款三A级的游戏，这款游戏在周二上午发布仅一个小时，就在领先的游戏平台Steam上的“玩得最多的游戏”排行榜上位居榜首。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词consider与句子的主语Black Myth: Wukong之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词considered作状语。故填Considered。 58．考查副词。句意：《黑神话：悟空》被认为是中国开发的第一款三A级的游戏，这款游戏在周二上午发布仅一个小时，就在领先的游戏平台Steam上的“玩得最多的游戏”排行榜上位居榜首。空格处作状语，修饰下文的时间状语an hour after its debut (问世) on Tuesday morning，应该用副词形式merely。故填merely。 59．考查名词复数。句意：这款游戏的灵感来自中国16世纪的经典小说《西游记》，它被视为流行媒体在国际舞台上播放中国故事的罕见例子。story是可数名词，前面无表示数量的限定词，此处应该用复数形式表示泛指。故填stories。 60．考查定语从句。句意：《黑神话：悟空》是一款单人动作游戏，玩家在游戏中扮演“命中注定的那个人”——一只拥有超自然力量的猴子。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词game进行限定说明，从句中的in缺少宾语，所以应该用关系代词which代替先行词game在从句中作宾语。故填which。 61．考查时态和语态。句意：《西游记》是中国四大名著之一，写于明代（1368-1644），作者吴承恩。空格处是谓语动词，主语Journey to the West与动词write之间是被动关系，用被动语态；根据时间状语in the Ming Dynasty(1368—1644)可知，描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时；主语是单数形式Journey to the West，be动词用was。故填was written。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一个关于神话、宗教和冒险的故事，主要讲述了唐三藏和他的三个徒弟（孙悟空、猪八戒和沙悟净）前往西域取经的故事。空格处作目的状语，应该用不定式形式to obtain。故填to obtain。 63．考查冠词。句意：这本书的情节充满了幻想，融合了佛教、道教和中国传统文化，善与恶的对比。空格后的book特指上文提到的Journey to the West，所以应该用定冠词the。故填the。 64．考查形容词。句意：这本书的情节充满了幻想，融合了佛教、道教和中国传统文化，善与恶的对比。空格处作定语，修饰下文的名词culture，应该用形容词形式traditional。故填traditional。 65．考查介词和连词。句意：这本书的情节充满了幻想，融合了佛教、道教和中国传统文化，善与恶的对比。contrast A with/and B“把A和B对比”是固定搭配。故填with/and。 Passage（2） 【2025届山东省日照市高三下学期一模】Sophie Chen, a 35-year-old vlogger from Chester, England, has emerged as a cultural “ambassador (大使)” promoting Liuzhou in south China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region through social media. In 2012, drawn by the growing interest in Mandarin Chinese across the United Kingdom, she 36 (begin) her journey in China in a rural village 37 locals welcomed her warmly. Later that year, she settled in Liuzhou, finding similarities between her new home and Chester, both 38 (feature) pristine rivers, cultural heritage and 39 (industry) bases. Chen has documented her life in Liuzhou through short 40 (video), capturing both her personal growth and the city’s development. For instance, in one video about the Liujiang River, she highlighted the city’s nationally 41 (recognize) water quality, which has ranked first in China for surface water quality since 2020. She credits luosifen, the city’s famous river snail rice noodles, as a key factor in her attachment 42 Liuzhou. She has adopted local customs, from using chopsticks to trying traditional practices like guasha, 43 therapeutic(治疗的) scraping technique. Chen noted that many people worldwide are curious about China and have warm feelings toward the country. She uses her social media presence to share 44 she sees in Liuzhou, helping more people understand the beauty of Liuzhou and Guangxi, as well as the charm of China. Having witnessed Liuzhou’s development for over 12 years, Chen expressed her commitment 45 (continue) documenting the city’s evolution and sharing authentic stories about China through her video content. 【答案】36．began 37．where 38．featuring 39．industrial 40．videos 41．recognized 42．to 43．a 44．what 45．to continue 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了英国博主Sophie Chen如何通过社交媒体宣传中国柳州的文化、发展和生活点滴，成为中英文化交流的“大使”。她分享了柳州的自然美景、文化遗产和地方美食，帮助世界更好地了解中国。 36．考查动词时态。句意：2012年，出于对英国日益增长的普通话学习兴趣，她开始了在中国一个农村的旅程，那里当地人热情地欢迎了她。begin是谓语动词，由In 2012可知，时态为一般过去时，故填began。 37．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导定语从句，先行词是village，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故填where。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：那一年晚些时候，她定居柳州，发现新家与柴郡有许多相似之处，两者都以清澈的河流、文化遗产和工业基地为特色。句子主语是settled，故feature用非谓语动词形式，feature与逻辑主语。故填featuring。 39．考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词bases用形容词作定语，故填industrial。 40．考查名词。句意：陈通过短视频记录了她在柳州的生活，捕捉了她个人成长和城市发展的情况。video作介词through的宾语，可是名词，根据句意用复数，故填videos。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，在一段关于柳江的视频中，她强调了该市在全国认可的水质，自2020年以来，柳州的水质一直位居中国地表水质量之首。recognize作定语修饰water，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填recognized。 42．考查介词。句意：她认为柳州著名的螺蛳粉是她对这座城市产生深厚感情的关键因素。attachment to“对……的依恋/情感依附”是固定搭配，故填to。 43．考查冠词。句意：她已经融入了当地习俗，从使用筷子到尝试传统疗法，如刮痧——一种治疗性刮擦技术。此处泛指“一种技术”，用不定冠词修饰。therapeutic首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 44．考查宾语从句。句意：她利用社交媒体展示她在柳州所看到的一切，帮助更多人了解柳州和广西的美丽以及中国的魅力。share后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，用连接词what。故填what。 45．考查不定式。句意：在柳州生活了12年后，陈表示她将继续记录这座城市的发展，并通过她的视频内容分享关于中国的真实故事。commitment后接不定式作后置定语，故填to continue。 Passage（3） 【安徽省合肥市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期12月阶段性诊断检测】The exquisite craftsmanship of leaf-vein embroidery (叶脉刺绣) in Tongren city, Guizhou Province, has made Guizhou embroidery one of the major 36 (style) of embroidery in China. Leaf-vein embroidery first 37 (appear) in the Song Dynasty (960-1272), and has been used to transmit information by several ethnic groups in the southwestern region. Yang Li, 38 inheritor of this technique, has included the traditional embroidery of the Miao, Tujia and Dong ethnic groups into the leaves, 39 (showcase) the blending of traditional aesthetics and contemporary craftsmanship. Leaf-vein embroidery artwork boasts a highly 40 (art) value due to its complex production process. Sourced from rare plants in the primitive forests of the Fanjing Mountain scenic area in Tongren, the leaves with harder veins 41 are about to fall in autumn serve 42 the best raw material. After the leaves 43 (nature) soften over the next 20 days, they are warmed to preserve them. When soft, the leaves are also extremely fragile. Patterns inspired by ancient stories and nature 44 (draw) on the processed veins. In 2011, Yang opened a processing factory and 45 (offer) jobs to more than 500 female workers, rural women and people with disabilities. In 2022, Yang established the Guizhou embroidery intangible cultural heritage industry base, and since then has used social media to showcase the traditional techniques of leaf-vein embroidery through short videos. 【答案】36．styles 37．appeared 38．an 39．showcasing 40．artistic 41．that/which 42．as 43．naturally 44．are drawn 45．offered 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是贵州铜仁市的叶脉刺绣工艺，及其如何融合传统美学与现代技艺，成为传递民族文化和助力地方经济发展的独特艺术形式。 36．考查名词的数。句意：贵州省铜仁市的叶脉刺绣技艺精湛，使贵州刺绣成为中国刺绣的主要流派之一。one of+可数名词的复数。故填styles。 37．考查时态。句意：叶脉刺绣最早出现于宋代（960-1272），已被西南地区的多个民族用来传递信息。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填appeared。 38．考查冠词。句意：该技艺的传承人杨丽将苗族、土家族、侗族的传统刺绣融入到树叶中，体现了传统美学与当代工艺的融合。此处泛指一个传承人，应用不定冠词来修饰，且inheritor发音是以元音音素开头。故填an。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：该技艺的传承人杨丽将苗族、土家族、侗族的传统刺绣融入到树叶中，体现了传统美学与当代工艺的融合。此处是非谓语动词作状语，其动词showcase的逻辑主语是前面整个句子，二者是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填showcasing。 40．考查形容词。句意：叶脉绣艺术品因其制作工艺复杂，具有极高的艺术价值。此处应用形容词artistic作定语，修饰名词value。故填artistic。 41．考查定语从句。句意：取材于铜仁梵净山风景区原始森林中的珍稀植物，以秋季即将落叶的叶脉较硬为最佳原料。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词leaves，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用that/which引导。故填that/which。 42．考查固定搭配。句意：取材于铜仁梵净山风景区原始森林中的珍稀植物，以秋季即将落叶的叶脉较硬为最佳原料。serve as固定搭配，意为“作为”。故填as。 43．考查副词。句意：在接下来的 20 天内，叶子自然软化后，将它们加热以保存它们。此处应用副词naturally作状语，修饰soften。故填naturally。 44．考查时态和语态。句意：经过处理的纹理上绘制了受古代故事和自然启发的图案。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，且主语patterns和动词draw(获得)是被动关系，主语是复数，be动词应用are。故填are drawn。 45．考查时态。句意：2011年，杨开办了一家加工厂，为500多名女工、农村妇女和残疾人提供了就业岗位。此处是谓语动词，由In 2011可知，句子应用一般过去时，动词offer应用过去式和opened为并列关系。故填offered。 Passage（4） 【广东省红岭中学2024-2025学年高三下学期第五次统一考试】Chinese Artisan Creates 28-meter Masterpiece Yu Fangze, an inheritor of the national intangible cultural heritage of weaving straw dragons, is preserving 36 ancient tradition in Hukou county, Jiujiang city, east China’s Jiangxi Province. His latest creation measures 27.8 meters in 37 (long) and requires over 90,000 pieces of straw. The craft dates back to the Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907). Traditionally, local farmers made straw dragons 38 (celebrate) harvests and pray for good weather. Yu has been weaving straw dragons for 72 years. His passion began in childhood 39 he learned techniques from skilled craftsmen, enventually becoming a renowned artisan 40 (he). Creating perfectly crafted straw dragons 41 (involve) at least 12 intricate (错综复杂的) steps, including carefully selecting glutinous rice straw, bamboo and wood. “The most 42 (challenge) part is making the dragon’s skeleton, which has strict angle and size requirements,” said Yu. Yu has improved the dragon scale-making (鳞片制作) process by using wheat stalks (茎秆)instead of rice straw 43 a shinier appearance. A single 28-meter straw dragon requires 1,400 scales, each deliberately 44 (make) from nine uniform wheat stalks. To date, Yu’s straw dragons 45 (display) in local museums and featured in major celebrations in Jiangxi Province. 【答案】36．the 37．length 38．to celebrate 39．when 40．himself 41．involves 42．challenging 43．for 44．made 45．have been displayed 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位编织草龙的手艺人——喻芳泽的故事。 36．考查冠词。句意：喻芳泽，国家级非物质文化遗产草龙编织的传承人，正在中国东部江西省九江市湖口县保护这一古老的传统。前面提到编织草龙的非物质文化遗产传承人，正在保护这项古老的文化传统，所以这里是特指，这个古老的文化传统就是前面所提到的编织草龙。故填the。 37．考查名词。句意：他的最新作品的长度为27.8米，需要超过90,000块稻草。介词“in”后面接名词作宾语。故long变形为length。故填length。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：按照传统，当地农民制作草龙是为了庆祝丰收和祈祷好天气。此处表示目的，因此用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to celebrate。 39．考查定语从句关系副词。句意：他的热情始于童年，他向技艺高超的工匠学习，最终成为一位著名的工匠。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是childhood，when表示在这个时间段，when引导定语从句在从句中作时间状语。故填when。 40．考查代词。句意：他的热情始于童年，他向技艺高超的工匠学习，最终成为一位著名的工匠。这里he变成himself反身代词表示强调，作同位语。故填himself。 41．考查动词时态。句意：创造完美的草龙需要至少12个复杂的步骤，包括精心选择糯米稻草、竹子和木材。表示东西本身属性特指，用一般现在时，本空用involve变形，主动，动名词作主语用单数。故填involves。 42．考查形容词。句意：最难的部分是制作龙骨，这有严格的角度和尺寸要求。此处challenge变形为形容词challenging，作定语修饰part。故填challenging。 43．考查介词。句意：喻改进了龙的鳞片制作过程，用麦秆替代稻草，这样做是为了得到更亮闪的外表。此处表示“为了”，应用介词for，故填for。 44．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个28米的稻草龙需要1400个鳞片，每个鳞片故意用9个均匀的小麦茎制成。动词make和逻辑主语each是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填made。 45．考查动词时态语态。句意：到目前为止，喻的草龙已经在当地博物馆展出，也在江西省一些重大庆祝活动中担当重头戏。由to date可知，应用现在完成时，主语和动词display是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词应用have，故填have been displayed。 Passage（5） 【湖南省长沙四大名校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考】Fenghuang or Phoenix Ancient Town, is a charming and ancient small town 36 (locate) in the beautiful landscape of western Hunan Province. It is surrounded by breath-taking mountains and the Tuojiang River 37 (flow) through it. The architecture is a blend of traditional styles, 38 (show) amazing woodwork and unique designs. The narrow streets are lined with antique 39 (wood) houses, some decorated with beautiful carvings, which add 40 touch of mystery to the ancient town. The local culture is vibrant, with folk music and performances full of festive atmosphere, 41 you can experience the unique customs and 42 (delicacy) here. The ancient town also offers a glimpse into the lives of its past residents, with museums and historical sites providing insights 43 its heritage. At night, the illuminated town is a sight to behold, casting a magical glow over the entire area. Fenghuang Ancient Town is truly a remarkable place 44 history, culture, and natural beauty come together, attracting countless tourists across the whole country 45 (explore) its beauty. 【答案】36．located 37．flows 38．showing 39．wooden 40．a 41．and/so 42．delicacies 43．into 44．where 45．to explore 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是美丽的湖南小镇——凤凰古城。 36．考查形容词。句意：凤凰古镇，位于风景秀丽的湘西，是一座迷人而古老的小镇。空格处应该用形容词located“位于；坐落在”作后置定语，修饰前面的名词town。故填located。 37．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它被壮丽的群山环绕，沱江从这里流过。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述客观事实用一般现在时；主语是the Tuojiang River，谓语动词用三单形式。故填flows。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：该建筑融合了传统风格，展示了令人惊叹的木结构和独特的设计。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词show与上文的内容之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词showing作状语。故填showing。 39．考查形容词。句意：狭窄的街道两旁排列着古色古香的木屋，有些还装饰着精美的雕刻，为这个古镇增添了一丝神秘。空格处应该用形容词wooden作定语，修饰后面的名词houses。故填wooden。 40．考查冠词。句意：狭窄的街道两旁排列着古色古香的木屋，有些还装饰着精美的雕刻，为这个古镇增添了一丝神秘。a touch of“一点，少许”为固定短语。故填a。 41．考查连词。句意：当地文化充满活力，民间音乐和表演充满节日气氛，（所以）你可以在这里体验独特的风俗和美食。空格前后的两个句子可以理解题并列关系，用连词and连接，也可以理解题因果关系用连词so连接。故填and/so。 42．考查名词复数。句意：当地文化充满活力，民间音乐和表演充满节日气氛，（所以）你可以在这里体验独特的风俗和美食。名词delicacy作“美味佳肴”讲时是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式表示泛指。故填delicacies。 43．考查介词。句意：通过博物馆和历史遗迹，人们可以一窥这座古城过去居民的生活。insight into“了解，洞悉……”是固定搭配。故填into。 44．考查定语从句。句意：凤凰古镇是一个集历史、文化和自然美景于一体的非凡之地，吸引了无数来自全国各地的游客来探索它的美丽。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词place进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：凤凰古镇是一个集历史、文化和自然美景于一体的非凡之地，吸引了无数来自全国各地的游客来探索它的美丽。attract sb to do“吸引某人做某事”是固定搭配，其中不定式作宾语补足语。故填to explore。 Passage（6） 【江苏省苏州中学、海门中学、姜堰中学、淮阴中学等四校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月联考】Two models of the CR450 high-speed train, unveiled on Sunday in Beijing, can reach a test speed of 450 kilometers per hour, 36 means the CR450 will become the fastest high-speed train in the world once 37 (bring) into commercial service. Excelling in many key areas, the CR450 38 (set) new global standards so far, according to China State Railway Group. 39 it runs a higher speed, the CR450 has braking efficiency similar to trains running at 350 km/h. It also prioritizes passenger comfort, 40 (aim) to offer a smooth and quiet ride, even at an operational speed of 400 km/h. Advanced noise-reduction technologies ensure that the noise levels are comparable to those of the 350 km/h trains, providing a peaceful travel experience. Another standout feature of the CR450 is its 41 (exception) energy efficiency. The train’s running 42 (resist) has been reduced by 22 percent and its weight cut by 10percent, leading to improved fuel efficiency. The train’s internal part has been redesigned for comfort and convenience, 43 adjustable luggage racks and a flexible storage area catering to passenger needs. Li Yongheng, an official of China State Railway Group, said that to further boost China’s edge inHSR technology, 44 to better serve Chinese modernization, the company, along with the relevant ministries and organizations, as well as research institutes, universities, enterprises and other scientific research resources, established an innovative team that 45 (joint) tackles key technological challenges. 【答案】36．which 37．brought 38．has set 39．Although/Though/While 40．aiming 41．exceptional 42．resistance 43．with 44．and 45．jointly 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了两款CR450高速列车。 36．考查定语从句。句意：周日在北京公布的两款CR450高速列车的测试速度可以达到每小时450公里，这意味着一旦投入商业服务，CR450将成为世界上最快的高速列车。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“达到每小时450公里的测试速度”这件事，应用关系代词which，在从句中作主语。故填which。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处应用非谓语动词和once构成状语，逻辑主语the CR450和动词bring之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填brought。 38．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：据中国国家铁路集团称，CR450在许多关键领域表现出色，迄今为止已经树立了新的全球标准。根据时间状语so far可知，此处描述过去动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。主语the CR450是第三人称单数，助动词应用has，故填has set。 39．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管CR450的运行速度更高，但它的制动效率与时速350公里的列车相似。句子it runs a higher speed和句子the CR450 has braking efficiency similar to trains running at 350 km/h之间存在让步关系，空处应用表示让步的连词although或though或while，句首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：它还优先考虑乘客的舒适度，旨在提供平稳和安静的乘坐，即使在400公里/小时的运行速度下。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语是prioritizes，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词。动词aim与其逻辑主语It之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填aiming。 41．考查形容词。句意：CR450的另一个突出特点是其卓越的能源效率。修饰名词energy efficiency应用形容词。故填exceptional。 42．考查名词。句意：列车的运行阻力降低了22%，重量减轻了10%，从而提高了燃油效率。分析句子结构可知，空处应用所给词的名词形式作主语。故填resistance。 43．考查介词。句意：列车的内部部分为了舒适和方便进行了重新设计，配有可调节的行李架和灵活的存储区，以满足乘客的需求。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“with复合结构”，with+宾语+doing（宾补），空处应用介词with。故填with。 44．考查连词。句意：中国国家铁路集团官员李永恒表示，为了进一步提升中国在高铁技术方面的优势，更好地服务于中国的现代化，该公司与相关部委、组织以及研究机构、大学、企业和其他科研资源一起，建立了一个创新团队，共同应对关键的技术挑战。根据前文to further boost China’s edge inHSR technology和后文to better serve Chinese modernization可知，空处应用表示并列的连词and，连接两个目的状语。故填and。 45．考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词tackles应用副词。故填jointly。 Passage（7） 【江西省吉安市六校协作体2025学年高三上学期1月联考】Caviar (鱼子酱) is a term 56 (use)to describe fish eggs of sturgeon (鲟鱼). It is sometimes attached to the eggs of other fish 57 (category). There are three kinds of Caspian Sea caviar, each of 58 was named after the types of sturgeon that produces it. Sevruga, from the smallest fish, is fine-grained, 59 (intense) black and very salty. Oscetra, from a bigger fish, is larger-grained, often paler, with a “rich, almost, fruity or earthy flavor”. Beluga is from the largest, whitest and rarest fish, 60 (have) a delicate flavor. Caviar is a staple (主食) of Russian cuisine and is traditionally enjoyed on New Year’s Eve. In the old days caviar 61 (be) a staple, not a luxury. Works from the early 18th century make a description that caviar was sold on street corners. An egg-filled sturgeon from the Caspian Sea is regarded as one of the world’s most 62 (value) fishes. The caviar from a quality sturgeon can sell 63 several hundred dollars an ounce. The eggs from a single white sturgeon can fetch more than $100,000. Caviar can vary in color from black to pale grey to gold and even ivory. If it 64 (dry), refrigerated and properly stored at -2℃, it can stay good for 18 months. Russians like eating caviar on thickly-buttered toast or bread. In the early 2000s, world caviar prices were rising sharply, as demand increased and supply decreased. Prices doubled and international authorities tried to crack down on fake by carrying out 65 labeling system. 【答案】56．used 57．categories 58．which 59．intensely 60．having 61．was 62．valuable 63．for 64．is dried 65．a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了鱼子酱的制作来源，种类及售价等方面信息。 56．考查非谓语动词。句意：鱼子酱是用来描述鲟鱼鱼卵的术语。此句已经有谓语动词 is，因此此空用非谓语动词。term和use是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填used。 57．考查名词复数。句意：它有时附着在其他鱼类的卵上。other fish肯定不止一个品种，因此用category的复数形式。故填categories。 58．考查定语从句。句意：里海鱼子酱有三种，每一种都以生产它的鲟鱼的种类命名。此处是“介词短语+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是Caspian Sea caviar，关系词作介词宾语，使用关系代词which。故填which。 59．考查副词。句意：Sevruga是一种最小的鱼，色泽细腻，呈深黑色，非常咸。此空修饰形容词black，因此用其副词形式intensely。故填intensely。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：Beluga是一种最大、最白、最稀有的鱼，味道鲜美。此句已经有谓语动词 is，而且 Beluga和have之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词作状语。故填having。 61．考查时态。句意：在过去，鱼子酱是主食，而不是奢侈品。根据时间状语In the old days及主语 caviar可知，此处应用第三人称单数形式，且为一般过去时。故填was。 62．考查形容词。句意：里海的鲟鱼被认为是世界上最有价值的鱼类之一。根据句意及空前的most可知，空处用形容词作定语修饰fishes。空处用形容词原级，和most构成最高级。故填valuable。 63．考查介词。句意：优质鲟鱼的鱼子酱可以卖到每盎司几百美元。sell for…“售价为……”，固定词组。故填for。 64．考查动词时态语态。句意：如果干燥、冷藏并在-2℃下妥善保存，可保存18个月。主语 it是第三人称单数形式，和 dry之间是被动关系，而且用于条件状语从句，是一般性表述，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is dried。 65．考查冠词。句意：价格翻了一番，国际当局试图通过实施标签制度来打击假货。system是可数名词的单数，此处表示泛指，而且labeling是辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。故填a。 Passage（8） 【辽宁省丹东市五校协作体2024-2025学年高三上学期12月月考】Located at the foot of Wushan Mountain in the southern scenic area of Hangzhou, Qinghefang Historic & Culture Feature Street sits just several hundred meters away from West Lake. It ranks as 56 must-visit destination for culture and history lovers. Huqingyutang Traditional Chinese Medicine Museum, 57 (lie) on Qinghefang Street, is an ancient wooden building 58 combines commerce and art. It’s also the best- preserved commercial building from the late Qing Dynasty. In 1874, a local resident named Hu Xueyan started his pharmacy (药房) here. He invited famous doctors from around Zhejiang 59 (visit) and learn from each other. He also studied the prescriptions (处方) used by 60 (early) generations. Based on its selected and authentic medicines, this pharmacy gained a high reputation, and Hu Xueyan 61 (praise) as the "Pharmaceutical King" of that area. Over the following century, the pharmacy experienced much change, including the transformation from a privately-run business to a state- owned one. In 1991, Huqingyutang Traditional Chinese Medicine Museum 62 (official) opened at the site of this famous former pharmacy. Handheld folding fans available at Wangxingji Fan, a shop on Qinghefang Street, 63 (be) among the most highly ranked in Hangzhou. The shop offers a 64 (various) of fans. The black paper fan, made of brown bamboo and mulberry paper, is particularly famous 65 its versatility (多功能). It’s locally referred to as “half an umbrella in one fan”. 【答案】56．a 57．lying 58．that/which 59．to visit 60．earlier 61．was praised 62．officially 63．are 64．variety 65．for 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了胡庆余堂中医博物馆位于清河坊大街，是一座集商业与艺术于一体的古老木结构建筑。它也是晚清以来保存最完好的商业建筑。 56．考查冠词。句意：它是文化和历史爱好者必去的目的地。destination是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，must-visit是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：胡庆余堂中医博物馆位于清河坊大街，是一座集商业与艺术于一体的古老木结构建筑。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，Huqingyutang Traditional Chinese Medicine Museum和lie之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词lying表主动，作定语，故填lying。 58．考查定语从句。句意：胡庆余堂中医博物馆位于清河坊大街，是一座集商业与艺术于一体的古老木结构建筑。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词building是建筑，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 59．考查动词不定式。句意：他邀请浙江各地的名医前来参观，相互学习。invite sb to do sth.是固定短语，意为“邀请某人做某事”，因此空格处是不定式作宾补。故填to visit。 60．考查形容词比较级。句意：他还研究了前人使用的方剂。根据句意可知，此处为形容词比较级earlier表示“早些时候的，之前更早的”，修饰generations，故填earlier。 61．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：该店以精选、正宗的药材赢得了很高的声誉，胡雪岩被誉为当地的“药王”。分析句子可知，空格处是谓语，Hu Xueyan(胡雪岩)和动词praise为被动关系，结合上下文时态可知，此处应为过去时，所以为一般过去时的被动语态，主语Hu Xueyan是单数，因此空格处是was praised。故填was praised。 62．考查副词。句意：医药博物馆在这个著名的药房旧址正式开放。空格处用副词officially修饰动词opened，officially意为“正式地”，故填officially。 63．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在清河坊大街上的Wangxingji Fan可以买到手持折扇，这是杭州排名最高的折扇之一。分析句子可知，空格处是谓语，主语Handheld folding fans为复数名词，结合句意可知，该句为陈述客观事实，所以为一般现在时，因此空格处是are。故填are。 64．考查名词。句意：这家商店提供各种各样的扇子。a variety of意为“各种各样的”，因此空格处是variety。故填variety。 65．考查介词。句意：黑色的纸扇，由棕色的竹纸和桑纸制成，尤其以其多功能而闻名。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be famous for，意为“以……而出名”，因此空格处是介词for，故填for。 Passage（9） 【山东省青岛市崂山区青岛第二中学2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末】The revitalization (复苏) of abandoned properties in rural China is on the rise. Each 36 (locate) in remote Chinese towns, the following three striking hotels are far from the hustle of the city. WuYuan Skywells Hotel in Jiangxi province, a previously neglected 300-year-old mansion, was 37 (incredible) restored to its former glory, while maintaining its regional architectural feature tian jing, a narrow and tall courtyard pulling sunlight inside, 38 introducing elements of modern comfort. Similarly, by the end of 2022, designers 39 (restore) the Bamboo Craft village near Chengdu, preserving the construction traditions to build an extremely 40 (impress) roof. Seen from above, the shape of this building is like a figure “8” or the infinity sign“∞”. The Treewow Tribe in Zhejiang province features houses 41 are surrounded by a sea of bamboo trees to provide tourists 42 comfortable privacy. Notably, the free-form roof imitates the free-flowing lines of nature, gracefully 43 (invite) the green landscape into the private space. Marrying the charm of traditional Chinese designs and the 44 (rich) of modern living, these hotels will definitely offer you 45 unforgettable experience and a perfect getaway. 【答案】 36．located 37． incredibly 38．and 39． had restored 40． impressive 41．which/that 42．with 43． inviting 44．richness 45．an 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国农村被遗弃的房产正在复苏，并介绍了三家独特的酒店，这些酒店结合了传统中国设计和现代生活的丰富元素，为游客提供了难忘的体验和完美的度假胜地。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：以下三家引人注目的酒店都位于中国偏远的城镇，远离城市的喧嚣。分析句子可知，“Each ____1____ (locate) in remote Chinese towns”是独立主格结构，locate(把……安置在/建造于)是非谓语动词，逻辑主语Each与located之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填located。 37．考查副词。句意：江西省的江西婺源天净沙古民居驿站，原本是一座被忽视的拥有 300 年历史的豪宅，在保留其地方建筑特色 “天井”（一种狭窄高耸的庭院，能将阳光引入室内）的同时，令人难以置信地恢复了昔日的辉煌，还引入了现代舒适元素。提示词修饰动词restored，用副词incredibly作状语，意为“令人难以置信地”。故填incredibly。 38．考查连词。句意：江西省的婺源天净沙古民居驿站，原本是一座被忽视的拥有 300 年历史的豪宅，在保留其地方建筑特色 “天井”（一种狭窄高耸的庭院，能将阳光引入室内）的同时，令人难以置信地恢复了昔日的辉煌，还引入了现代舒适元素。根据句意，maintaining its regional architectural feature tian jing和introducing elements of modern comfort是并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。 39．考查时态和语态。句意：到 2022 年底，设计师们已经修复了成都附近的竹艺村，保留了建筑传统，建造了一个令人印象极其深刻的屋顶。分析句子可知，restore(修复)是句中谓语动词，与主语designers之间是主动关系，根据时间状语by the end of 2022可知，动作发生在“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时态。故填had restored。 40．考查形容词。句意：到 2022 年底，设计师们已经修复了成都附近的竹艺村，保留了建筑传统，建造了一个令人印象极其深刻的屋顶。提示词作定语，修饰名词roof，用形容词impressive，意为“令人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。 41．考查定语从句。句意：浙江省的树蛙部落特色是房屋被一片竹林环绕，为游客提供舒适的私人空间。分析句子可知，“______ are surrounded by a sea of bamboo trees”是限制性定语从句，先行词是houses，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或 that引导，故填 which或that。 42．考查介词。句意：浙江省的树蛙部落特色是房屋被一片竹林环绕，为游客提供舒适的私人空间。这里考查provide...with...，是固定搭配，意为“给……提供……”。故填with。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：值得注意的是，自由形态的屋顶模仿了自然流畅的线条，优雅地将绿色景观引入私人空间。invite在句中是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the free-form roof之间是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动。故填inviting。 44．考查名词。句意：这些酒店将中国传统设计的魅力与现代生活的丰富性相结合，一定会为您提供一次难忘的体验和一次完美的度假之旅。提示词作宾语，与名词charm是并列关系，用名词richness，意为“丰富”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填richness。 45．考查冠词。句意：这些酒店将中国传统设计的魅力与现代生活的丰富性相结合，一定会为您提供一次难忘的体验和一次完美的度假之旅。可数名词experience在句中表示“(一次难忘的)经历”，为可数名词，表泛指，unforgettable发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 Passage（10） 【浙江省诸暨市牌头中学等多校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月适应性考试】Mandarin is the official language of China and one of the official languages of the United Nations. It is generally referred to as “Chinese”. But in fact, Mandarin is just one of the Chinese dialects. China is 36 old and vast country and the mountain ranges, rivers, and deserts create region 37 (border). In ancient times, it was difficult for people in different places to communicate with each other and many regions 38 (develop) their own spoken languages. There are over 80 Chinese dialects 39 existence now, including Wu, Xiang, Hakka, Cantonese, Min and many other dialects. Classifying these Chinese languages as dialects or languages is a controversial topic. A Cantonese 40 (speak) and a person speaking Min will not be able to communicate with each other. Similarly, a person speaking Hakka will not be able to understand Xiang. 41 (give) these major difference, they could be regarded as languages. However, they all share a common 42 (write) system—Chinese characters. Even though the characters can 43 (pronounce) in completely different ways depending on the dialect one speaks, the language on paper is 44 (understand) between people of different regions. So from 45 is talked above, it is reasonable to say that they are all dialects of the official Chinese language—Mandarin. 【答案】 36．an 37．borders 38．developed 39．in 40．speaker 41．Given 42．writing 43．be pronounced 44．understandable 45．what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国方言的多样性以及它们官方汉语——普通话之间的关系。 36．考查冠词。句意：中国是一个古老而辽阔的国家，山脉、河流和沙漠形成了地区的边界。根据空格后的单数名词country可知，空格处应该用不定冠词泛指“一个”，old的发音是元音音素开头，所以用an。故填an。 37．考查名词复数。句意：中国是一个古老而辽阔的国家，山脉、河流和沙漠形成了地区的边界。根据空格前的动词create可知，空格处应该用名词border作宾语，可数名词，此处应该用复数形式表示泛指。故填borders。 38．考查时态。句意：在古代，不同地方的人们很难相互交流，许多地区发展出了自己的口语。空格处是谓语动词，由时间状语In ancient times可知，描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填developed。 39．考查介词。句意：目前存在80多种汉语方言，包括吴语、湘语、客家话、粤语、闽语和许多其他方言。in existence“存在”是固定搭配。故填in。 40．考查名词。句意：一个说粤语的人和一个说闽语的人无法相互交流。根据句意和空格前的A Cantonese可知，空格处应该填入单数名词，且意义为“讲某种语言的人”，所以用名词speaker。故填speaker。 41．考查介词。句意：。鉴于这些重大差异，它们可以被视为不同的语言。根据句意和空格后的名词短语these major difference可知，空格处应该填入介词，且意义为“考虑到；鉴于”，所以用given。故填Given。 42．考查动名词。句意：然而，它们都共享一个共同的书写系统——汉字。根据句意和空格后的名词system可知，空格处应该用动名词writing作定语，修饰后面的名词system，writing system意义为“书写系统”。故填writing。 43．考查语态。句意：虽然根据方言的不同，这些字的发音可能完全不同，但纸上的语言在不同地区的人之间是可以理解的。空格处是谓语动词，动词pronounce与主语the characters之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；由空格前的can可知，空格处用动词原形。故填be pronounced。 44．考查形容词。句意：虽然根据方言的不同，这些字的发音可能完全不同，但纸上的语言在不同地区的人之间是可以理解的。根据句意和空格前的is可知，空格处应该用形容词understandable作表语。故填understandable。 45．考查连接代词。句意因此，从上面所说的，有理由说，它们都是中国官方语言——普通话的方言。空格处引导名词性从句作介词from的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且意义为“……的事物”，所以用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$