专题一 (九)创新命题热点——科学前沿领域语篇题-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三二轮专题复习高效讲义（新教材）

(九)创新命题热点——科学前沿领域语篇题 [考情速递]　科技说明文是高考的热考文体，其中科学前沿领域的文章是近几年高考的新兴命题热点，如2024年新高考Ⅱ卷C篇讲述了运用云技术远程监控，达到节水的目的，D篇涉及了AI技术的现状和前景。因此，在备考过程中要关注科技发展的前沿动向，多阅读该类话题的文章，增加这方面的知识储备。 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共30分) A (2024·福州高三第一次质检)Will artificial intelligence (AI) replace my job？This is a question that many people think about these days.At present, the application of AI robotics in professional fields, as well as ChatGPT's abilities to write essays, solve complex problems and more, has heightened moral concerns. Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society's most fundamental problems, while others fear that AI will overtake human intelligence.These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than humanity and may ultimately replace human decision­making.But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing back our own boundaries.In other words, AI's progress, functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain. Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should reach an agreement on the role it is to play.More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life.Robots, for example, are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime, which enables them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans', but we must avoid AI copying human emotions.Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. The AI­driven new industrial revolution (革命) is irreversible．This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment.But it always turned out that humanity was able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment.Therefore, it's unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs.While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown. [语篇解读]本文是议论文。随着人工智能的兴起，人们担心它会对人类社会造成威胁，但如果相关法规能确保它有益于社会并防止它威胁人类生活，人类应以一种积极的态度来迎接先进的科学技术。 1．Why are some people concerned about AI? A．It has been applied widely. B．It has led to social problems. C．It may outsmart humans. D．It is the product of humanity. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Some people see AI as the ultimate cure...replace human decision­making”可知，一些人把人工智能看作人类社会最基本问题的最终对策，而其他人害怕人工智能将会超越人类智力。这两种观点都是基于人工智能比人类更聪明的假设。故选C项。] 2．How can we prevent AI's potential threat? A．By stirring emotions. B．By setting restrictions. C．By blocking functions. D．By changing regulations. B　[推理判断题。根据第三段最后的“but we must avoid AI copying human emotions.Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster”可知，我们必须阻止人工智能模仿人类情感。如果没有法律限制，人工智能也许会变成社会灾难。由此可推知，为了阻止人工智能给人类带来威胁，我们必须设定限制。故选B项。] 3．What does the underlined word “irreversible” in the last paragraph mean? A．Undesirable. B．Unbelievable. C．Unpredictable. D．Unavoidable. D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“This, like previous ones...will certainly affect human employment”可知，就像之前的几次革命会带来之前难以想象的变化一样，人工智能肯定会影响人类的就业。此处通过理解like表示的类比关系可推知，画线词意为“不可避免的”。故选D项。] 4．What does the writer suggest readers do with the coming of the AI era? A．Deal with it positively. B．Accept it passively. C．Respond to it randomly. D．Defend it unconditionally. A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“it's unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs...fear of the unknown”可知，不必担心人工智能会取代我们的工作。虽然技术发展迅速，但我们需要做的是欢迎人工智能时代的到来，而不是因为害怕未知而阻止它的发展。由此可推知，作者建议读者积极地应对人工智能时代的到来，故选A项。] B (2024·贵阳高三模拟)Sora, a new AI model developed by the company OpenAI—creator of the chatbot ChatGPT—has recently become a global focus.The text­to­video artificial intelligence technology has the potential to make a revolution in video industries. Sora can generate videos up to a minute long while maintaining visual quality and respond to user prompts, OpenAI said.It is able to generate complex scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motions, and accurate details of the subject and background. Liu Xingliang, director of the Beijing­based Data Center of China Internet, said Sora is undoubtedly a major breakthrough for AI.“It not only demonstrates AI's advanced ability to understand and create complex visual content, but also brings about opportunities and challenges for video content creation, entertainment, film and television production industries.The video­generation model will help video content creators to turn their ideas into reality at a faster speed and at a lower cost, and offer audiences richer and more diverse visual experiences，” Liu said, adding that AI is expected to play a more important role in all aspects of human lives in the future. Meanwhile, the use of text­to­video AI models raises concerns about ethics, copyright protection, personal privacy and data security, experts said.How to ensure the authenticity and transparency of the content has become an important issue, and more efforts are needed to formulate rules and regulations to ensure the healthy development of such technology. Zhou Hongyi, founder of Chinese company 360 Security Group, said, “Sora might bring a huge disruption to the advertising industry, movie trailers and the short video industry, but it may not necessarily beat the popular video app quickly.It is more likely to become a creative tool for the app.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了OpenAI公司最新推出的文本转视频工具Sora。 5．According to the text, what is the possible function of Sora? A．Writing an essay. B．Drawing an image. C．Generating a movie. D．Composing a song. C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The text­to­video artificial intelligence technology has the potential to make a revolution in video industries”可知，Sora是一个文本转视频的工具，由此可推知，Sora可以生成电影，故C项正确。] 6．How does Sora bring opportunities to video content industries? A．By reducing the time of making a video. B．By adding the cost of making a video. C．By offering audiences a single visual experience. D．By helping the creators copy others' ideas. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The video­generation model will help...at a faster speed and at a lower cost”可知，Sora可以帮助视频内容的创作者以更快的速度和更低的成本将他们的想法转化为现实。由此可见，Sora可以减少制作视频的时间，故A项正确。] 7．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The significance of Sora. B．The potential risks of Sora. C．The working principles of Sora. D．The functions of Sora. B　[段落大意题。根据第四段内容尤其是“the use of text­to­video AI models raises concerns about ethics, copyright protection, personal privacy and data security”可知，从文本到视频的人工智能模型的使用引发了人们对道德、版权保护、个人隐私和数据安全的担忧。由此可见，本段主要讲的是Sora的潜在风险，故选B。] 8．Which statement does Zhou Hongyi agree with? A．Sora is important in all aspects of human lives. B．Sora will replace the traditional video industry. C．Sora poses huge risks to the popular video app. D．Sora is a double­edged sword. D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中周鸿祎所说的话可知，Sora可能会给广告业、电影预告片和短视频行业带来巨大的影响，但它并不一定会很快击败受欢迎的视频应用程序。它更有可能成为该程序的一个创造性工具。由此可见，周鸿祎认为Sora既有好处又有坏处，是一把双刃剑，故D项正确。] C (2024·重庆质量检测)Li Bai holds a wine cup in his hand, while Du Fu sits in front of a desk, writing poems on the paper in front of him.It's not that we have travelled to the past.Modern technology has brought them “back to life”． The two great poets, along with other humanoid robots, were presented at the World Robot Conference 2023 in late August in Beijing.They looked similar to real human beings. “The skin is made of medical­grade bionic silicone(仿生硅胶), which is why the skin looks soft and veins can be seen through it，” CGTN explained in a video about Liaoning­based producer EXROBOTS.Goosebumps(鸡皮疙瘩) and palm lines can also be seen on the arms and hands. Researchers are also trying hard to create other features of humans on robots.A US robotics startup Apptronik brought out its humanoid robot called Apollo on Aug.23.Apollo has around 30 muscles. However, “humans have around 300 muscles in our bodies，” said Nick Paine, the co­founder of the company.For now, engineers can only simplify the muscles, allowing them to do basic movements like holding objects and walking. The robot also contains cameras and sensors in its head, helping it map out a 360­degree view of its environment.They also help the robot keep a balance when walking on uncertain surfaces. Nowadays, bionic human­like robots mostly work with humans, as tour guides or by helping visitors at the front desk.There are also robots that share the work of nurses, such as handing out medicine.This could be because people are comfortable living and working with machines that look or act like them.They can “strike a chord with people”， a US robotics scientist Marc Raibert told The New Yorker. As more humanoid robots come out, safety will be the key, according to the Robot Report website.When a 70­kilogram robot breaks down and falls, humans nearby may be hurt. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了仿生人形机器人的特点及当前面临的问题。 9．What do we know about the robots of Li Bai and Du Fu? A．They can learn from each other. B．They look lifelike in every detail. C．They can communicate with visitors. D．They manage to compose original poems. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中对两个诗人形象的机器人的描写“Li Bai holds a wine cup in his hand, while Du Fu sits in front of a desk, writing poems on the paper in front of him”(李白手里端着酒杯，杜甫坐在桌前，在他面前的纸上写诗)和第二段中的“They looked similar to real human beings”(它们看起来和真人相似)可知，这两个机器人的每一个细节都栩栩如生，故选B项。] 10．According to the text, what is the limitation of the robot Apollo? A．It can not perform complex movements. B．It can not keep balance on some surfaces. C．It moves too slowly when holding objects. D．It lacks the ability to tell people directions. A　[推理判断题。第四段最后一句讲机器人Apollo大约有30块肌肉，第五段第一句提到人类体内大约有300块肌肉。再根据第五段中的“For now, engineers can only simplify the muscles, allowing them to do basic movements like holding objects and walking”可知，目前，工程师只能简化肌肉，让机器人做基本的动作，比如拿东西和走路。由此可推知，机器人Apollo只能做简单的动作。故选A项“它无法执行复杂动作”。] 11．Why are most bionic robots currently working with humans? A．They are as intelligent as humans. B．People feel comfortable with them. C．They understand human's needs well. D．People treat them as trustworthy friends. B　[细节理解题。根据第七段中的“This could be because people are comfortable living and working with machines that look or act like them”可知，这可能是因为与看起来或行为像人类的机器一起生活和工作让人们感到自在。故选B项“与它们相处人们感到自在”。] 12．What is a suitable title of the text? A．Robots Play a Significant Role in Our Life B．The World Robot Conference Is a Success C．Two Great Poets Got Revived Thanks to Technology D．New Technology Makes Humanoid Robots Possible D　[标题归纳题。文章从2023年世界机器人大会上亮相的李白、杜甫等人形机器人引入，说明了研究人员如何利用技术使这些机器人具备人类的各种特征以及当前发展过程中遇到的问题。因此本文重点围绕仿生人形机器人这一新科技展开，故选D项“新技术使人形机器人成为可能”。] Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·重庆名校联考)In this book, A View from the Zoo, Gary Richmond describes how a newborn giraffe (长颈鹿) learns its 1. (one) lesson. When a baby falls to the ground, the mother waits for about a minute, and then kicks her baby.When the baby doesn't get up, the violent process 2. (repeat) again and again until the baby giraffe stands 3. its shaky legs.Then the mother kicks its feet again.Why？She wants it to remember how it gets up.In the wild, baby giraffes, 4. are easy victims of enemies, must be able to get up as quickly as possible to stay with the group for 5. (survive). The late Irving Stone 6. (understand) this too.He spent a lifetime studying greatness as well as 7. (write) biographies of such men as Michelangelo, Vincent van Gogh, Sigmund Freud, and Charles Darwin.Once 8. (ask) if he had found a thread that ran through the lives of all these 9. (excellence) people, he said, “If they have a dream of something to be accomplished, they then go to work.” “They are beaten over the head, and knocked down.For years, they get nowhere.But every time they're knocked down they stand up.And at the end of their lives they've accomplished some modest parts of 10. they set out to do.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇读后感，作者讲述了长颈鹿妈妈教新生长颈鹿站起来的过程，并联想到了伟大作家Irving Stone，他一生写了很多关于伟大人物的传记，这些人不断追逐梦想并终有所成。 1．first　[考查序数词。此处表示新生长颈鹿如何学习它的第一课，故应用序数词first。] 2．repeats/will repeat/is repeated/will be repeated　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，与上文时态保持一致，用一般现在时，也可用一般将来时表将要发生的动作；主语为第三人称单数，且repeat在此处既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。句意：当鹿宝宝没有站起来时，这一暴力的过程会一次又一次地重复，直到它用颤抖的腿站起来。] 3．on　[考查介词。此处考查固定短语stand on one's legs“站起来”，故填on。] 4．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词为baby giraffes，故填which。] 5．survival　[考查名词。空前是介词，故其后应用名词作宾语，故填survival。句意：在野外，小长颈鹿很容易被天敌盯上，为了生存下去，它们必须能够尽快站起来，留在群体中。] 6．understood　[考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。根据下句的spent可知，此处在讲过去的事情，空处应保持时态统一，用一般过去时，故填understood。] 7．writing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，as well as 是并列连词，因此前后成分的形式需要一致。根据空前studying可知，此处填writing。句意：他花了一生研究伟人，并为米开朗琪罗、文森特·梵高、西格蒙德·弗洛伊德和查尔斯·达尔文等人撰写传记。] 8．asked　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词，逻辑主语he和ask之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词，故填asked。] 9．excellent　[考查形容词。空后是名词，需要用形容词修饰，故填excellent。] 10．what　[考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语，从句中缺宾语，故填what。] ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$