专题一 (三)命题超重点——写作意图题&写作手法题-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三二轮专题复习高效讲义（新教材）

(三)命题超重点——写作意图题&写作手法题 [解题提示]　(1)写作意图题：无论是篇章的写作目的，还是某个段落或者细节的写作目的，都必定为文章主题服务。因此，解答此类题多用主旨推断法。 (2)写作手法题：要熟悉常见的写作手法，并且把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系。 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共30分) A (2024·重庆名校联考)When the discovery of fossilized (成为化石的) footprints made in what's now New Mexico was made public in 2021, it was an astonishing moment for archaeology (考古学), seemingly rewriting a chapter of the human story.Now new research is offering further evidence of their significance. While they look like they could have been made yesterday, the footprints were pressed into mud 21，000 to 23，000 years ago, according to radiocarbon dating of the seeds of a water plant that were preserved above and below the fossils.This date dramatically pushed back the timeline of humans' history in the Americas, the last land to be settled by prehistoric people.The 61 dated prints, which were discovered in the Tularosa Basin, near the edge of an ancient lake in White Sands National Park, were made at a time when many scientists think that massive ice sheets had stopped human passage into North America, indicating that humans arrived in the region even earlier. However, some archaeologists questioned the age of the footprints established by those initial findings.They noted that water plants such as Ruppia cirrhosa—the one used in the 2021 study—can acquire carbon atoms from the water rather than the air, which can result in a misleadingly early date. In a follow­up study published Thursday in the journal Science, researchers said they have produced two new lines of evidence to support their initial date.“Even as the original work was being published, we were speeding up to test our results with multiple lines of evidence，”said Kathleen Springer, co­lead author of the new Science paper, in a news release.“We were confident in our original ages, as well as the strong evidence.” When and how early humans first moved to the Americas has long been debated and remains poorly understood.Current estimates range from 13，000 years ago to more than 20，000 years ago.However, the earliest archaeological evidence for the region's settlement is insufficient and often controversial, making the footprints especially important. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了关于美洲最早人类足迹的持续研究。 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The purpose of the new research. B．The method of the dating. C．The significance of the footprints. D．The efforts of the scientists. C　[段落大意题。根据第二段中的“This date dramatically pushed back the timeline of humans' history in the Americas”和“indicating that humans arrived in the region even earlier”可知，这些足迹年代的确定极大地将人类在美洲的历史时间往前移，表明人类到达美洲的时间更早。由此可见，本段主要讲足迹的重要性，故C项正确。] 2．Why did some archaeologists question the age of the footprints? A．It goes against the prior knowledge. B．The prints seem to be made recently. C．The previous research method is improper. D．The massive ice sheets are misleading. C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“water plants...can acquire carbon atoms from the water rather than the air, which can result in a misleadingly early date”可知，一些考古学家之所以会质疑这些足迹的年代是因为2021年研究中使用的水生植物可以从水中而不是空气中获取碳原子，这可能误导性地将时间提前，即之前的研究方法是不恰当的，这才会让他们有所怀疑，故C项正确。] 3．What will the author probably talk about next? A．The doubt about the age of the footprints. B．The new evidence of the fossilized footprints. C．An agreement between the two sides of the debate. D．Early humans' hardship of moving to the Americas. B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However，the earliest archaeological evidence for the region's settlement is insufficient and often controversial”可知，关于该地区定居的最早期的考古证据是不足的，而且经常存在争议。再结合倒数第二段中的“We were confident in our original ages, as well as the strong evidence”可以推断，作者接下来可能会进一步提供新的证据来证实对足迹化石的年代判断是正确的，故选B。] 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To explain the process of archaeological study. B．To report the discovery of fossilized footprints. C．To introduce a debate on the age of the footprints. D．To present the progress of the footprint research. D　[写作意图题。作者在第一段表明主题“Now new research is offering further evidence of their significance”；第二段讲足迹的重要性；第三段讲一些考古学家提出了疑问；第四段讲进一步的研究和证据；最后一段提到了早期的研究证据不足，因此该足迹非常重要。综上可知，作者写这篇文章是为了展示足迹研究的最新进展，故D项正确。] B (2024·武汉高三调研)A group of researchers studying the behavior of Amur tigers, also known as Siberian tigers, have found that they have different “personality” types that help them survive and raise their baby tigers. According to the previous investigation, Amur tigers are definitely the largest cats in the world.They live in vast forests in wilderness areas of eastern Russia and in protected areas of northern China.There are about 500 of these tigers left in the wild, although there are probably more than that living in zoos or reserves. The researchers based the study on a human test called “The Big Five”， which scores people on five personality features.They asked feeders working with 248 cats in two shelters to spy on the tigers and give an account of their personalities.The results divided the tigers into two groups, which the researchers described as having either “Majesty” or “Steadiness”．Tigers in the Majesty category were those that appeared “dignified and ambitious”．The tigers in the Steadiness category were “sincere and tolerant”． Majestic tigers had a higher social status, spent more time hunting live animals, and mated and ate more.The steady tigers seemed gentler and loving toward one another.Rosalind Arden, co­author of the study, said, “It's pleasant to see that you don't have to be dominant, fierce, competitive, and aggressive in order to succeed as a tiger, which doesn't correspond with people's traditional insights into tigers.” There were female and male tigers in both categories.In fact, female Amur tigers are rare and feel exhausted after giving birth to baby tigers so that fathers often help raise the baby tigers.Having a steady personality, especially for male ones, could play a significant role in the relatively long amount of time—two to three years—that baby tigers stay with their parents.The researchers say both personalities have advantages that help the tigers survive threats, including loss of habitat and hunting.The team hopes the study will encourage more support from all walks of life in a bid to guarantee the tigers' conservation. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。一组研究人员发现东北虎的不同性格能帮助它们生存和养育幼崽。研究人员基于一个名为“五大人格测试”的人类测试进行研究。他们让饲养员监视东北虎，并描述它们的性格，然后将东北虎分成两类。他们认为两种性格都有帮助东北虎生存的优势。 5．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2? A．To justify an argument. B．To add background information. C．To summarize the previous paragraph. D．To introduce a new topic for discussion. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，研究东北虎行为的一组研究人员发现它们有不同的性格类型，这些性格帮助东北虎生存并养育幼崽。再结合第二段的内容可知，第二段主要介绍了东北虎的特点、栖息地和种群数量。由此可知，第二段的作用主要是补充东北虎的相关信息。故选B项。] 6．The researchers conducted the study on Amur tigers by ． A．categorizing them for inspection B．scoring them on 5 personality features C．doing comparison experiments in the lab D．observing them through a personality test D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“The researchers based the study on a human test...having either ‘Majesty’ or ‘Steadiness’”可知，研究人员基于一个名为“五大人格测试”的人类测试进行研究，该测试对人的五种性格特征进行评分。他们让饲养员监视东北虎，并描述它们的性格，然后据此将东北虎分为两类，即“威严”类或“沉稳”类。故选D项。] 7．What does Rosalind Arden think of their findings? A．They improve Amur tigers' welfare. B．They change the tigers' living conditions. C．They help the reproduction of Amur tigers. D．They contradict traditional ideas about tigers. D　[细节理解题。根据题干中的人名Rosalind Arden将答案定位至第四段。Rosalind Arden说，想要成为一只成功的老虎，它不必是强大的、凶猛的、有竞争力的和好斗的。这与人们看待老虎的传统观点是不相符的。故选D项。] 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Few sex­related differences exist in tigers' personalities. B．A steady personality decreases tigers' chance of survival. C．Greater conservation efforts have been made due to the study. D．Personality types of baby tigers are influenced by their parents. A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“There were female and male tigers in both categories”可知，两种类别中都有雌虎和雄虎。由此可推测，老虎的性格几乎不存在性别差异。故选A项。] C (2024·广州高三调研)A moment occurs in the exchange between professor and student when each of us adopts a look.My look says, “What, you don't understand？”Theirs says，“We don't.And we think you're making it up.”We are having a problem.Basically, we've all read the same story, but we haven't used the same analytical approaches.It may seem at times as if the professor is inventing interpretations out of thin air. Actually, the truth is that as the slightly more experienced reader, the professor has acquired over the years the use of a certain“language of reading”．Besides, he has grasped three professional tools—memory, symbol and pattern.These items separate the professional readers from the ordinary ones. English professors are cursed with memory.When reading a new book, I constantly seek out connections and inferences, recalling faces and themes from past reading.I can't help doing it, although there are plenty of times when that ability is not something I want to exercise.This does not necessarily improve the experience of popular entertainment. Professors also read and think symbolically.Everything is a symbol of something, it seems, until proven otherwise.We ask：What does the thing over there represent？The kind of mind that works its way through undergraduate and then graduate classes in literature and criticism tends to see things as existing in themselves while also representing something else.This tendency to understand the world in symbolic terms is enhanced by years of training and rewards the symbolic imagination. A related phenomenon in professorial reading is pattern recognition.Most professional students of literature learn to take in the specific detail while seeing the patterns that the detail reveals.Experience has proved to them that life and books fall into similar patterns.Literature is full of patterns, and your reading experience will be much more rewarding when you can step back from the work, even while you are reading it, and look for those patterns. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了教授和学生在阅读文学作品时采用的不同的分析方法以及他们理解上的不同。 9．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By describing a real­life scene. B．By using popular quotes. C．By presenting conflicting ideas. D．By raising an interesting question. A　[写作手法题。本文第一段描述了教授和学生之间交流的实际场景，表明他们因采用不同的分析方法而对文学作品产生不同的理解。故本文通过描述一个真实的课堂情境来引入主题，故选A项。] 10．Why do the students think the professor is making up interpretations? A．They have limited life experience. B．They lack chances for sufficient reading. C．They are unable to analyze the text thoroughly. D．They do not trust the professor's teaching abilities. C　[推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知，当教授询问学生是否明白时，他们表示没有明白，并认为教授是在编造。他们都读过同样的故事，但没有使用相同的分析方法。再结合第二段的内容可知，事实是，教授作为稍有经验的读者，多年来已经学会了使用某种“阅读语言”。此外，教授还掌握了三种专业工具——记忆、象征和模式。这些将专业读者与普通读者区分开来。由此可知，学生们没有彻底分析文本。故选C项。] 11．What does Paragraph 3 say about English professors? A．They have a strong desire to not have their good memory. B．Their reading habit doesn't always guarantee desirable effects. C．Their memory adds to their reading pleasure of popular works. D．They keep making connections with their own life while reading. B　[细节理解题。第三段讲在阅读一本新书时，作为英语教授的作者不断寻找联系和推论，回忆过去阅读中的面孔和主题。作者不能不这样做，尽管很多时候作者不想锻炼这种能力，这并不一定会改善大众娱乐的体验。这说明教授们的阅读习惯并不总是能保证有理想的效果。故B项正确。] 12．Which is the author's suggestion on reading literature? A．Identify the hidden text modes. B．Perceive many things at the same time. C．Look for details and language patterns. D．Memorize patterns of symbolic meanings. A　[推理判断题。根据题目中的关键词reading literature可将答案定位在最后一段。根据该段的最后一句话可知，文学作品中的模式随处可见，在阅读的时候，寻找这些模式会让你的阅读体验更有意义。由此可推知，作者建议在阅读文学作品时要识别隐藏的文本模式。故选A项。] Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·浙江三地市高三教学质量检测)Dayushan Island is located in Fuding, Fujian Province, known 1. its untouched nature, green grasslands and attractive coastlines. Its coast is eroded(侵蚀) by sea water, 2. (reveal) bare bedrock and reefs.But the thick trees accommodate tens of thousands of migratory birds.It 3. (list) in the “Top 10 most beautiful islands of China” by Chinese National Geography in 2005.It is 4. uninhabited island and a true hidden treasure that has still preserved its quietness and 5. (origin) form. The best thing to do here is hike up the hills and find a high spot 6. overlooks the sea, the grasslands and the lakes! Besides hiking, camping enjoys great 7. (popular) on the island.The lakeside has great camping 8. (destination) with peaceful water and grassland scenery.Remember to bring mosquito repellent (驱蚊剂) and not 9. (swim) in the sea, because of the dangerous currents.The wind from the sea slowly blowing, the island's morning mist 10. (gradual) disappears, and beautiful scenery unfolds in front of you. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了福建省福鼎市的大嵛山岛，该岛以其未受影响的自然环境、翠绿的草地和迷人的海岸线而闻名。文章通过描绘大嵛山岛的自然美景和适合的活动，向读者介绍了这个宁静而美丽的旅游胜地。 1．for　[考查介词。句意：大嵛山岛位于福建省福鼎市，以其未受影响的自然环境、翠绿的草地和迷人的海岸线而闻名。be known for...表示“以……而闻名”，为固定短语，故填for。。] 2．revealing　[考查非谓语动词。句意：其海岸受海水侵蚀，显露裸露的基岩和礁。分析句子结构可知，reveal与其逻辑主语Its coast构成主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语，所以填revealing。] 3．was listed　[考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在2005年，该岛被《中国国家地理》评选为“中国最美丽的十大岛屿”之一。由句意可知主语和谓语之间构成被动关系；根据下文中的“in 2005”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态；且主语为It，谓语用单数。故填was listed。] 4．an　[考查不定冠词。句意：这是一个无人居住的岛屿，也是一个真正隐藏的宝藏，它仍然保持着它的宁静和原始形态。island为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且uninhabited的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。] 5．original　[考查形容词。句意同上。空处修饰名词form，应用形容词形式，故填original。] 6．which/that　[考查定语从句关系代词。句意：在这里能做的最棒的事情就是徒步上山，找到一个可以俯瞰大海、草地和湖泊的高处！空处引导定语从句修饰先行词spot，指代先行词在从句中作主语，先行词指物，所以用关系代词which/that。] 7．popularity　[考查名词。句意：除了徒步旅行，露营在岛上也很受欢迎。空处作动词的宾语，应用名词形式，故填popularity。popularity为不可数名词。] 8．destinations　[考查名词。句意：湖畔有露营的好去处，水面宁静，草地风光秀美。destination“目的地”是可数名词，其前无冠词或代词等修饰，故应填复数形式destinations。] 9．to swim　[考查非谓语动词。句意：记得带上驱蚊剂，并且(记得)不要在海里游泳，因为水流危险。分析句子成分可知，空处与to bring并列，remember not to do sth.表示“记得不要做某事”，为固定用法，故填to swim。] 10．gradually　[考查副词。句意：海风徐徐吹来，岛上晨雾渐渐散去，美丽的景色展现在你眼前。空处修饰动词disappears，故填副词gradually。] ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$