专题一 攻略(二)妙招(七) 金三句——解“词句猜测题”（课件PPT）-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三二轮专题复习高效讲义（新教材）

高三二轮专题复习高效讲义 英 语 阅读理解 专 题 一 妙招(七) 金三句——解“词句猜测题” 答题 ——掌握8大解题妙招，快速答题 攻略二 真题示例 2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读C 真题示例 2024·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读D 真题示例 2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C 真题示例 2024·浙江1月卷阅读B ONTENT CONTENT 谢谢观看！ 猜测画线词/短语/句子的意思是高考阅读理解的必考题型，这类题目要求考生猜测文章中某个单词、短语甚至句子的(隐藏)含义以及代词的指代对象。近几年高考词句猜测题的考查数量比较稳定，其中以考查画线短语的含义、生僻超纲词的含义、课标词(及其派生词)在特定语境中的陌生含义为主。虽然每年高考阅读理解中该类题目数量不多(每套卷1－2道)，却是考生失分的重灾区之一。下表是2022—2024年全国命题词句猜测题考查情况统计： 考点 考查频次 2024 2023 2022 猜测短语(句子)含义[8道] 3道[shine through，In the wrong hands，take...up a notch] 2道[relate to，a dab hand] 3道[embark on，hit home for me，take the plunge] 猜测生词含义[1道] 0道 1道[declutter] 0道 猜测熟词语境义[2道] 0道 1道[conversation] 1道[maintenance] 猜测代词指代义[1道] 0道 0道 1道[something] 一、“金三句”解读 1．猜测词所在句：从近几年高考来看，猜测词所在句往往很长，信息量大，是猜测词义的最关键句。 2．猜测词的前后句：如果猜测词所在句信息量不足，其前一句和后一句往往为猜测词义提供关键信息。如果是代词指代题，则只关注前一句或者前两句即可。 3．最后根据上下文语境、逻辑关系、解释关系、构词法等解题。 二、“金三句”解题技巧 技巧1　利用逻辑关系猜测词义 阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义， 对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义、同义和因果等。答题时要留意逻辑关系词，分析句子间的逻辑关系。 In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate to． 【图解技巧】 30．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Understand.　　 B．Paint. C．Seize. D．Transform. 【解题分析】 依据画线词所在句中的but可判断，画线词所在分句与上一分句形成转折关系。根据画线词上文“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago”可知，这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们能理解的时刻。故选A。 √ 技法2　利用解释关系猜测词义 在做阅读理解题目时，利用解释关系猜测词义是一种快速有效的方法之一。答题时要关注定义、举例、定语从句、同位语从句等语法手段，以及表示解释性的标点符号。 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI­powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 【图解技巧】 32．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill­intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. √ 【解题分析】 In the wrong hands后的“such a book could prove...into the understandable” 和下一句“She writes from...will make you feel almost as smart as AI.”都是对In the wrong hands的进一步解释说明。由语境可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C。 技法3　利用构词法猜测词义 利用构词法不用阅读上下文便能够猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以建议考生在做题时，遇到可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。 【图解技巧】 The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. ... Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter．This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Clear­up.　　　　 B．Add­on. C．Check­in. D．Take­over. 【解题分析】 观察单词declutter含有前缀de­，前缀de­表示“除去”“取消”“离开”以及“否定”“非”等意思。结合语境，根据画线词后面的“step away from”可知，画线词表示“清除，清理”，A项含义与画线词含义相近。故选A。 √ 技法4　利用“就近原则法”解代词指代题 代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词或指示代词的指代对象。解答这类题目的时候，可以利用就近原则，结合语境找出语意相关的名词、词组或句子等。 【图解技巧】 When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain.Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006.I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”． 24．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? A．The play.　　 B．The shared house. C．The sofa. D．The telephone box. 【解题分析】 根据代词指代的特点，顺着画线词往前找。由上一句“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“my tiny old shared house(我的小旧合租房)”。故选B。 √ A (2024·太原高三模拟)Pick up any packaged processed food，and there's a decent chance that one of its listed ingredients will be the “natural flavor”．The ingredient sounds good，particularly in contrast to “artificial flavors”．But what exactly does the natural flavor mean？It refers to extracts (提取物) got from natural sources like plants，meat or seafood.When consumers see the “natural flavor” on a label，they are unlikely to assume that someone is squeezing the juice from oranges into their bottles.They know even though natural flavors must come from natural sources，it needn't all come from the plant or meat.For example，orange flavors might contain not only orange extracts，but also extracts from bark and grass.Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made. So if flavors like orange are needed，why not just use oranges？The answer comes down to “availability，cost and sustainability”，according to flavor chemist Gary Reineccius of the University of Minnesota.“If you're going to use all your grapes on grape soda，”Reineccius says，“you don't have any grapes for wine making；the products are going to be exorbitant；besides，what do you do with the by­products you create after you've squeezed all the juice out of the grapes？” Actually，while chemists make natural flavors by extracting chemicals from natural ingredients, artificial flavors are made by creating the same chemicals artificially.The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple：marketing.“Many of these products have health titles，”says Platkin，professor from Hunter College.“Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier，though they're nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors.Natural flavors may involve more forest clear­cutting and carbon emissions from transport than flavors created in the lab.” Platkin suggests getting more transparent labeling on packaging that describes exactly what the natural or artificial flavors are，so consumers are not misled into buying one product over another because of “natural flavors”．Reineccius also offers some simple guidance：“Don't buy anything because it says‘natural flavors’．Buy it because you like it.” [语篇解读]本文是议论文，主要介绍了人们在购物的时候往往会选择天然香精而不是人造香精，认为天然香精一定比人造香精要好。可是专家建议消费者不要被天然香精所误导，要去买自己喜欢的。 1．Which is a misunderstanding about the “natural flavor” juice according to Paragraph 1? A．It comes from 100% original fruit. B．It is nothing but advertising tricks. C．It certainly contains extracts made in the lab. D．It is absolutely safer than juice with artificial flavors. √ D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Pick up any packaged processed food...The ingredient sounds good，particularly in contrast to ‘artificial flavors’”可知，消费者在看食物成分表的时候，看到含有天然香精字样时会认为食品好，尤其是和人造香精对比。再根据第一段的最后一句“Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made”可知，大家认为天然香精一定比人造香精要安全，这不是真的。故选D项。A项“天然香精来自100%的天然水果”；B项“它只是广告的手段”；C项“它肯定含有在实验室里的提取物”；D项“它肯定要比添加人造香精的果汁更安全”。] 2．What does the underlined word “exorbitant” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Popular. B．Expensive. C．Durable. D．Innovative. B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段中的“The answer comes down to‘availability，cost and sustainability’”可知，原因分为三个部分。本段中“you don't have any grapes for wine making；”对应的是“availability”；“the products are going to be exorbitant；”对应的是“cost”；“what do you do with the by­products...the grapes？”对应的是“sustainability”。只有B项可以说明成本。durable“耐用的，持久的”；innovative“创新的”。] √ 3．Why do companies use natural flavors in their products? A．To cut the costs. B．To promote the sales. C．To advocate a healthy diet. D．To avoid food safety issues. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple：marketing”可知，公司使用天然香精是为了营销。故选B项。“To promote the sales”是marketing的同义转换。] √ 4．What can we conclude from the text? A．Gary and Platkin hold opposite perspectives. B．Natural flavors are more environmentally friendly. C．Customers are misled for ignoring labels on packaging. D．Natural and artificial flavors are more alike than you think. D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier，though they're nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors”可知，消费者相信有天然香精的产品会更健康，尽管从营养上来讲这些产品和用人造香精的产品没有什么差别。故选D项。A项“Gary和Platkin持相反的观点”；B项“自然香精更环保”；C项“顾客因忽视了包装上的标签而被误导”。] √ B (2024·沈阳高三质检)In my whole life I was frightened by doctors.So when I recently launched a series of writing and publishing courses, I was shocked to find among my students several physicians, the same profession as my father.And they all wanted to be writers.Whenever someone mentioned their medical background, I'd think I had to call Dad to tell him, but I couldn't. Raised up in a big Michigan family with three brilliant loud science brain brothers, I'd always felt left out by their Disease Game at dinner, where Dad threw out cases for them to diagnose.Our house was their laboratory.I was frequently scared by bees in jars in the refrigerator and pet rats. Getting to study medicine was always Dad's dream, so he encouraged the boys to follow in his footsteps.But I never truly settled down, chasing my dream for literary here and there.My father opposed my liberalism.I was overjoyed when Random House published my humorous memoirs(回忆录) about my past addictions.My father wasn't so joyful.“You're bringing disgrace on our family，” he snapped. At 87, when my father was admitted to hospital with heart and kidney failure, we had a rare afternoon alone.Sitting by his bed, I apologized for taking so long to figure out my life. “I have a lot of regrets，” he said.“It took me too long to make a decent living, screwing up jobs because of my bullheadedness and big mouth.” I was nervous when his physician Olaf emailed me, but it wasn't bad news.“Your dad says you're a professor who helps people publish.Could you help me？” he asked. “What did you tell Olaf about me？” I questioned Dad that night, still surprised. “That you stuck to your guns and became a success，” he said. “Why didn't you ever tell me that？” “I'm telling you now，” he said.He was pleased when I helped Olaf publish his first magazine piece. I wish Dad were here so I could share the latest stories of my physician students.But I lost him four years ago.In a way, he still is here, as I channel everything he taught me about hard work, and never giving up doing what you love. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。作者一生惧怕医生，但在最近发起的一系列有关写作和出版的课程中，作者惊奇地发现在他的学生中，竟然有几个是医生。这让作者想起和已经去世的爸爸——曾经的一名医生——之间的故事：爸爸期待孩子们都去学医，但是作者坚持追求写作梦，到处漂泊。虽然这遭到了爸爸的反对，但是当爸爸住院时，仍然向想要发表文章的医生推荐自己。作者和父亲最终打破了隔阂，作者在爸爸离世后也在践行。爸爸教给他的努力工作、坚持自己的梦想不放弃的道理。 5．What do we know about the author's brothers? A．They used to make loud noise. B．They were addicted to playing games. C．They were interested in medicine. D．They distanced the author on purpose. C　[细节理解题。根据题干将答案定位至第二段“Raised up in a．..and pet rats”，作者有三个才华横溢的兄弟，在晚餐时，作者总是觉得被他们的“疾病游戏”排除在外，在此游戏中，爸爸把病例抛给他们去诊断。作者的家是他们的实验室，家里有装在罐子里的蜜蜂和宠物鼠。由此可知，作者的哥哥们对医学感兴趣。故选C项。A项“他们过去常常大声喧哗”；B项“他们沉迷于玩游戏”；C项“他们对医学感兴趣”；D项“他们故意疏远作者”。] √ 6．What do the underlined words “screwing up” probably mean? A．Taking over. B．Focusing on. C．Contributing to. D．Messing up. D　[词义猜测题。根据题干将答案定位至第五段画线词前的“a lot of regrets”“It took me too long to make a decent living”和画线词后的“because of my bullheadedness and big mouth”，即作者的爸爸有很多遗憾，之前花了太长时间才过上体面的生活，因为他的固执和夸夸其谈而把工作搞砸了。bullheadedness意思是“固执，刚愎自用”；big mouth意思是“多嘴的人，自吹自擂的人，嘴不严的人”，由此可知，画线词是贬义词。故选D项。A项“接管”；B项“专注于”；C项“是……的原因之一”；D项“搞砸，把……搞糟”。] √ 7．Why did Dad recommend the author to Olaf? A．To help Olaf publish articles. B．To discuss his physical condition. C．To promote the author's courses. D．To share the author's memoirs. A　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Your dad says you're a professor who helps people publish.Could you help me”可知，爸爸的主治医生给作者发邮件，想要作者帮助他发表文章。故作者的爸爸推荐作者的原因就是希望作者帮助该医生发表文章，A选项正确。] √ 8．Which of the following can best describe the author's dad? A．Enthusiastic but dishonest. B．Modest but demanding. C．Conservative but loving. D．Helpful but selfish. C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Getting to study medicine...he encouraged the boys to follow in his footsteps...My father opposed my liberalism”和最后一段中的“I channel everything...never giving up doing what you love”可知，作者的爸爸刚开始希望子承父业，反对作者的自由主义，是保守的；但是后来又鼓励作者追求梦想不放弃，可见他对孩子们又是充满爱的。故C项正确。] √ $$