精品解析：河南省信阳高级中学新校（贤岭校区）2024-2025学年高二下期开学测试英语试题

河南省信阳高级中学新校（贤岭校区） 2024-2025学年高二下期开学测试 英语试题 第一部分 单项选择（共20小题：每小题1 . 5分，满分30分） 1. He talked a lot about things and persons ________ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他谈论了很多他们记得在学校里的人和事。此处引导定语从句，先行词为things and persons，既指人又指物，从句中缺少remembered的宾语，故应用that引导定语从句，故选B。 2. She wants a job ________ her management skills can be put to good use. A. which B. where C. that D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她想找一份能充分发挥她管理技能的工作。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词job，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选B。 3. Life ________ many elements, such as family, friends, study, work, entertainment, and so on. A. makes up B. is consisted of C. is comprised of D. consists in 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：生活是由许多元素组成的，如家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。A. makes up构成，形成；B. is consisted of，由……组成是consist of，不能用于被动语态；C. is comprised of由……组成；D. consists in在于。根据句意可知，设空处为由……组成，故选C。 4. You don’t have to pay for anything ________ the tickets. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：除了门票，你不必为别的东西付钱。A. other than除了……之外；B. more than多于，超过；C. rather than而不是；D. less than少于，小于。根据上文“You don’t have to pay for anything”可知是除了……之外，故选A。 5. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 o'clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选D。 【点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语，以及that time所代指的时间，再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选择正确的答案。 6. More Chinese classics have been adapted for movies or TV plays to make traditional Chinese culture ______ to a wider range of people. A. accurate B. native C. efficient D. accessible 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的中国经典作品被改编成电影或电视剧，让更广泛的人接触到中国传统文化。A. accurate正确的；B. native本地的；C. efficient有效率的；D. accessible可到达的。根据句意可知，此处指把中国经典作品改编成电影或者电视剧是为了让更多的人接触传统文化，故选D。 7. The work should be given to you think can finish it ahead of time. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这项工作应该交给你认为能提前完成它的任何人。A. who谁；B. whom谁；C. whoever无论谁；D. whomever无论谁。“______ you think can finish it ahead of time”作介词to的宾语，是宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中，you think是插入语，从句缺少主语，指人，且表示“无论谁，任何人”的意思，所以应用whoever来引导。whomever应作宾语，故排除。故选C。 8. ________ singer and ________ dancer is also good at drawing. A. The; a B. The; the C. A; a D. The; / 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查冠词。句意：这位既是歌手又是舞者的人也擅长画画。当and连接两个表示身份、职业等的名词，且指同一个人时，只需在第一个名词前加定冠词the，第二个名词前不用冠词。若两个名词前都加冠词，则表示两个人。本题中singer and dancer指同一个人，所以第一个空用the，第二个空不填。故选D。 9. The cloth ________ fine, but ________ well. A. looks; doesn’t wash B. looks; isn’t washed C. is looked; doesn’t wash D. is looked; isn’t washed 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这块布看起来很好，但不太好洗。系动词look“看起来”没有被动语态，动词wash“耐洗”是不及物动词且与副词 well ,easily ,slowly,quickly 连用，此时用主动表被动。两空均为主动语态。故选A项。 10. The theory that he stuck true. A. to prove B. proved C. to proved D. to proving 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、时态。句意：他坚持的那个理论被证明是正确的。stuck为stick的过去式，stick to是固定短语，意为“坚持”，其中to为介词；that he stuck to为定语从句，修饰先行词the theory。主句缺少谓语，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，用prove“证明是”的过去式形式proved。故选C。 11. The fine day our pleasure; we had a good time in the country. A. added up B. added in C. added up to D. added to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：美好的一天增添了我们的乐趣；我们在乡下玩得很开心。A. added up把……加起来；B. added in加入；C. added up to总计是；D. added to增加，增添。美好的一天增添了我们的乐趣，而不是加起来、加入或总计是乐趣，所以用added to。故选D。 12. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ________ I disagree. A. which B. where C. what D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：你说每个人都应该平等，这是我不同意的地方。此处引导表语从句，连词在从句中作地点状语，应用where作引导词。故选B。 13. Frankly speaking, I always regard you as my best friend, _______ I place entire trust. A. about whom B. in which C. on whom D. in whom 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：坦率地说，我一直把你当作我最好的朋友，我完全信任你。此处需要借助介词+关系代词，构成搭配“I place entire trust in my best friend”，先行词my best friend指人，在从句中作介词in的宾语，因此此处需要in whom。故选D。 14. Traditional exercises like sit-ups, press-ups and pull-ups are great for strengthening the body, ________ you do them properly. A. since B. unless C. providing D. before 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：传统的运动，如仰卧起坐、俯卧撑和引体向上，只要你做得正确，都能很好地增强身体。A. since自从；B. unless除非；C. providing只要；D. before之前。此处需要使用连接词引导从句，句中“you do them properly. (你做的正确)”是“great for strengthening the body (对强健身体有好处)”的条件，因此此处需要使用providing引导条件状语从句。故选C。 15. I that the experience was anything but boring, had I read the brochure carefully. A. realized B. had realized C. should be realizing D. would have realized 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我仔细阅读了宣传册，我就会意识到那次经历一点儿也不无聊。本空为主句谓语，realize“意识到”。本句中“had I read the brochure carefully”是省略了if的虚拟条件句，为对过去情况的虚拟，其正常语序为“if I had read the brochure carefully”。在虚拟语气中，当条件句对过去进行虚拟时，主句要用 “would/could/should/might+have+过去分词”的形式。这里表示与过去事实相反的假设结果，应用would have realized。故选D。 16. — Poor and backward area __________ Western China is, many college students are willing to work there after graduation — I can’t agree more. More chances of employment are available. A. since B. as C. although D. while 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句的倒装。句意：——尽管中国西部是贫穷落后的地区，但很多大学生毕业后愿意去那里工作。——我完全同意。那里有更多的就业机会。A. since自从，因为；B. as虽然，尽管，当……时；C. although虽然，尽管；D. while当……时，然而。as或though引导让步状语从句时的倒装形式之一“表语+as/though+主语+系动词”。本题中“Poor and backward area”提前，是将表语提前构成了倒装结构，且此处用as引导让步状语从句，although和while引导让步状语从句时不能用这种倒装结构，since表示“既然，由于”，不用于引导这种倒装的让步状语从句。故选B。 17. He has made progress that all of us want to learn from him. A. such amazing B. so amazing an C. so amazing D. such amazing an 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查such...that...引导结果状语从句。句意：他取得了如此惊人的进步，以至于我们大家都想向他学习。“such...that...” 结构中，such修饰名词，其常见结构为“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that 从句”或“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句”。“so...that...” 结构中，so修饰形容词或副词，常见结构为“so+形容词/副词+that从句”或“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句”。在本题中，progress是不可数名词，意为“进步”，amazing是修饰progress的形容词，应该用such amazing。故选A。 18. — Simon will listen to music every time he comes across a maths problem. — You know, music is the source of ______ in life. A. inspiration B. identification C. reaction D. recreation 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：—— 每次西蒙遇到数学问题时，他都会听音乐。—— 你知道的，音乐是生活中灵感的源泉。A. inspiration灵感；B. identification识别，鉴定，身份证明；C. reaction反应，回应；D. recreation娱乐，消遣。 根据上文 “Simon will listen to music every time he comes across a maths problem.”可知西蒙在遇到数学问题时听音乐，可推测音乐能给西蒙带来解决问题的灵感，所以这里说音乐是生活中 “灵感” 的源泉。故选A。 19. The magician picked several persons from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A. at times B. at random C. at risk D. on average 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：魔术师从观众中挑选了几个人，并请他们帮助他完成表演。A. at times有时；B. at random随机地；C. at risk处于危险中；D. on average平均。魔术师是从观众中“随机”挑选了几个人，因此空格处应表达“随机地”，故用at random。故选B。 20. It was in the remote village _______ he grew up _______ he developed his love for nature. A. that; that B. where; that C. that; that D. where; where 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：就是在他长大的那个偏僻的村庄里，他养成了他对大自然的热爱。本句第一个空需要使用关系词引导定语从句，先行词为village，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此需要使用关系副词where；第二个空需要使用that与句首It is构成强调句的固定结构，对地点状语“in the village”进行强调，且village被定语从句修饰，因此第一个空填where，第二个空填that。故选B。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A British Library Events ● Imagine with Us Join us on our imagination-fuelled family day. Build, dance and play as you explore new possibilities, experience different ideas and cultures , and have fun with your family. End the day curled up in our family reading corner and sensory zone. All kinds of books are available throughout the day. Time:14 June, 12:00-16:00. Price: Free. ● Sound and Vision This session, for readers with a current Reader Pass, provides an introduction to our audiovisual (视听的) collections and the way to access them. Are you interested in non-print media? The Library has over 6 million sound and moving image recordings, including all types of music, wildlife, drama, literature, oral history and collections of radio broadcasts.Some of the recordings date from the late nineteenth century. They can be accessed in our Reading Rooms, either digitally or via our Listening&Viewing Service. Time:16 June, 14:00-15:00 Price: Free. ● Old English Master Class Join our introduction to Old English. We’ll explore Old English in its cultural context and will help you develop skill in analyzing and drawing meanings from set texts through accessible exercises and close reading Over the weekend you’ll gain an understanding of the journey of the English language-from Old English into Middle English and later Modern English. Time: 20 June, 10:30 - 21 June.17:00 Price: Full Price: £185.00, Student: 20%off. ● Illuminations (彩饰) Master Class Illuminated manuscripts (手稿) are among the most shining and attractive objects ever created.Join the famous illuminator Patricia Lovett n our one-day master class and create your own Middle-Ages-style artworks -inspired by the Library’s breathtaking collections. Time: 27 June, 10:00-17:00. Price: Full Price: £110.00, Student: 30%off. 21. Which event can you attend if you are available before June 15? A. Imagine with Us. B. Sound and Vision. C. Old English Master Class. D. Illuminations Master Class. 22. What are readers required to do to participate in Sound and Vision? A. Prepare an old story to share. B. Arrive before 4 pm on June 16. C. Have a recorder of high quality. D. Bring their current Reader Pass. 23. What do Imagine with Us and Sound and Vision have in common? A. They require applicants to have IT skills. B. They are both suitable for families. C. They aim to encourage creativity. D. They are both free of charge. 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了英国图书馆举办的四项活动的时间、内容及费用信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。由文章 Imagine with Us部分中“Time:14 June, 12:00-16:00. (时间：6月14日，12:00-16:00。)”可知，如果你在6月15日之前有空，你可以参加Imagine with Us。故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。由文章Sound and Vision部分中“This session, for readers with a current Reader Pass, provides an introduction to our audiovisual (视听的) collections and the way to access them. (本次活动面向持有有效读者证的读者，会介绍我们的视听资料馆藏，以及获取这些资料的方式。)”可知，参加Sound and Vision的读者需要携带有效读者证。故选D。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。由文章Imagine with Us部分中“Price: Free. (费用：免费。)”和Sound and Vision部分中“Price: Free. (费用：免费。)”可知，Imagine with Us和Sound and Vision两个活动都是免费的，这是它们的共同点。故选D。 B About once a week, a veterinarian (兽医) Kwane Stewart heads down to San Diego’s East Village to make his rounds, serving the dogs, cats and birds who are the treasured pets of downtown’s homeless community. Stewart’s parents were huge animal lovers. By age 6, he knew he wanted to be a vet. After graduation from a Colorado veterinary science program, he spent the next decade as a veterinarian. In 2008, he worked as head veterinarian at a country-run animal shelter in an area struck by the Great Recession. He saw pets abandoned and the work was extremely depressing. Four years into the shelter job, Stewart said he was burned out with guilt and ready to quit. Then one morning on his way to work, he saw a homeless man and a dog. He treated the dog’s skin condition and the animal was transformed. The owner was beyond grateful and said, “Thanks for not ignoring me and for treating my dog.” “That was the moment for me. I got back to saving animals and doing it on my own terms.” Stewart said. A few weeks later he set up a pop-up veterinary clinic at a soup kitchen, and when clients there suggested he take his services further, his new job as “Street Vet” began. In addition to treating common diseases, Stewart often provides vaccinations (接种疫苗) and general wellness checks. He also promotes “fear-free” pet care. Many of the people Stewart serves are not just grateful for the help but also form a deep bond with him, seeing him as someone who not only treats their pets but also acknowledges their humanity. “I can dream a little bit that people from all over the world will want to emulate what I do. ”Stewart said. Right now, he is building a network of trusted volunteers, technicians with hospitals and clinics. “These are all people who just reached out and said, ‘I’m inspired by what you do. How do I do it?’” he said. 24. What do we know about Steward’s current job? A. He runs an animal shelter. B. He adopts abandoned pets. C. He works for a science program. D. He attends to homeless people's pets. 25. Why is Stewart’s shelter job mentioned? A. To explain his change of career focus. B. To illustrate his professional competence. C. To explore the future of the industry. D. To reflect the challenges of the profession, 26. What do many people think of Steward? A. He’s odd. B. He’s frank. C. He’s humble. D. He’s merciful. 27. What does the underlined word “emulate” in the last paragraph mean? A. Follow the example of. B. Show respect for. C. Put the blame on. D. Pay attention to. 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了斯图尔特在大学毕业后成为一名兽医，后来因为工作原因，他开始为流浪人群的宠物提供治疗，并获得了很大的反响。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“About once a week, a veterinarian Kwane Stewart heads down to San Diego’s East Village to make his rounds, serving the dogs, cats and birds who are the treasured pets of downtown's homeless community. (大约每周一次，兽医克瓦恩·斯图尔特前往圣地亚哥的东村巡视，为市中心无家可归者社区珍爱的宠物狗、猫和鸟提供服务。)”可知，斯图尔特目前的工作是照料无家可归者的宠物。故选D项。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“He saw pets abandoned and the work was extremely depressing. Four years into the shelter job, Stewart said he was burned out with guilt and ready to quit.( 他看到宠物被遗弃，工作非常令人沮丧。在收容所工作了四年后，斯图尔特说他感到内疚，准备辞职。)”以及第三段“Then one morning on his way to work, he saw a homeless man and a dog. He treated the dog's skin condition and the animal was transformed. The owner was beyond grateful and said, “Thanks for not ignoring me and for treating my dog. ” “That was the moment for me. I got back to saving animals and doing it on my own terms. ” Stewart said.( 一天早上，在他上班的路上，他看到一个无家可归的人和一条狗。他治疗了狗的皮肤状况，这只动物被治疗了。主人非常感激地说：“谢谢你没有忽视我，还照顾我的狗。”“对我来说就是那个时刻。我重新开始拯救动物，并按照自己的方式去做。”斯图尔特说。)”和第四段中“A few weeks later he set up a pop-up veterinary clinic at a soup kitchen, and when clients there suggested he take his services further, his new job as “Street Vet” began.(几周后，他在一个施舍处开了一家临时兽医诊所，当那里的客户建议他进一步提供服务时，他的新工作“街头兽医”开始了。)”可推知，文章先讲述斯图尔特在动物收容所的工作经历，因看到宠物被遗弃而感到沮丧，几乎要辞职。之后遇到一位无家可归者和他的狗，给狗治疗后，斯图尔特决定以自己的方式拯救动物，开启了街头兽医的工作。所以提及收容所工作是为了解释他职业重心的转变。故选A项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Many of the people Stewart serves are not just grateful for the help but also form a deep bond with him, seeing him as someone who not only treats their pets but also acknowledges their humanity.( 斯图尔特服务的许多人不仅感激他的帮助，而且还与他建立了深厚的联系，认为他不仅善待他们的宠物，而且承认他们的人性。)”可推知，斯图尔特不仅治疗宠物还尊重无家可归者，可见人们认为他仁慈善良。故选D项。 【27题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“Right now, he is building a network of trusted volunteers, technicians with hospitals and clinics. “These are all people who just reached out and said, ‘I’ m inspired by what you do. How do I do it?’” he said.( 现在，他正在建立一个由值得信赖的志愿者、医院和诊所的技术人员组成的网络。“这些人都愿意提供提援助，说，‘我被你所做的事情所鼓舞。我该怎么做呢？’”他说。)”可知，很多人受斯图尔特启发，询问如何做，说明他希望人们效仿他的做法。“emulate”意思是 “效仿，模仿”，和A选项Follow the example of“效仿”意思相近。 故选A项。 C Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year. The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work. But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger. That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year. The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine. Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions. Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. 28. The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________. A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D. information about measles spreads quickly 29. Herd immunity works well when ____________. A. exemptions are allowed B. several vaccines are used together C. the whole neighborhood is involved in D. new regulations are added to the state laws 30. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles? A. The overuse of vaccine. B. The lack of medical care. C. The features of measles itself. D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people. 31. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the idea of exemption. B. To discuss methods to cure measles. C. To stress the importance of vaccination. D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. 【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，并解释了为什么会发生这样的情况。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.麻疹患者的数量虽然小，但是他们却是一种危险趋势的前沿，故选A。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.可知只有群体中所有人都参与进来了群体免疫才会有用，故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.可知，那些反对注射疫苗的运动和迅速传播的错误信息导致了麻疹疾病的复发，故选D。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。 【点睛】作者态度及写作意图推断 每一篇文章都会包含作者的某种观点和态度，只不过有的直截了当，有的含而不露，有的通过所用词语的褒贬来体现。此类题可细分为作者态度题(表明作者的好恶)和作者观点题(表明作者对某事物的看法)。准确把握作者的情感和态度，需要注意以下几点： 1.作者对某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。 2.漠不关心类词语往往不对,既然写文章就不会不关心。 3.不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也要区分作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。 4.当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性来判断。 5.作者的观点一般与文章的主旨相关联。 6.绝对化或语气过于强烈的选项常常是错误的,如:strong, complete, entire等。 比如小题4考查文章的写作目的，本文主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，故选C。 D On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding bodies not only lead to a medical problem, but also endanger personal safety in some situations — in an airplane crash, for example, according to a recent article in The New York Times. The New York Times’ Christine Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are designed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards (标准) for airplane seat strength — first set more than 60 years ago — require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds. Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds and the average woman 165 pounds. Negroni reports: “If a heavier person completely fills a seat, the seat is not likely to behave as designed during a crash,” Robert Salzar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly” . “Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could not be safe from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.” Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But The New York Times’ article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to talk about the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with over-weighted dummies (人体模型). Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said. Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board’s investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem. 32. What is the article in The New York Times mainly about? A. The size of airplane seats and seat belts. B. Safety of overweight airplane passengers. C. Airplane crashes. D. A medical problem caused by being overweight. 33. Robert Salzar would probably agree that ________. A. overweight passengers should buy two seats B. the government should help produce safer planes C. standards for airplane seat strength should be raised D. passengers should know how to protect themselves 34. We can learn from the text that ________. A. airplane seat makers have taken action now B. there are few complaints about airplane seats C. those seated near the overweight may suffer, too D. only a small number of airplane accidents result from the overweight 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Why do passengers Feel Anxious about Flying? B. Will 42% of Americans Be Overweight by 2030? C. When Will the Overweight Enjoy Their Flight? D Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for the Overweight? 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论现在的飞机座位对于较胖的乘客是否足够安全。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding bodies not only lead to a medical problem, but also endanger personal safety in some situations — in an airplane crash, for example, according to a recent article in The New York Times.(周一，美国疾病控制和预防中心预测，到2030年，42%的美国人可能会过于肥胖。我们不断扩大的腰围不仅会导致医疗问题，而且根据《纽约时报》最近的一篇文章：在某些情况下，它还会影响人身安全——例如坠机)”可知，在飞机上，乘客过胖会影响自身安全和引发飞机事故。故推知《纽约时报》最近的一篇文章担心飞机上过胖的乘客的安全。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据Negroni reports部分“‘If a heavier person completely fills a seat, the seat is not likely to behave as designed during a crash,’ Robert Salzar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. ‘The energy that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly’.(‘如果一个较重的人完全填满座位，那么座椅在碰撞过程中不太可能按预期表现。’弗吉尼亚大学应用生物力学中心的首席科学家Robert Salazar说。‘内置在飞机座椅上的能量吸收系统可能会难以承受，乘客将无法得到适当的保护。’)”可知，乘客过胖，飞机座位难以承受过胖的乘客，无法保护他们。故推知Robert Salazar赞成应提高飞机座椅的强度标准，以承载过重的乘客。故选C。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段““Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could not be safe from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.” (“伤害也不会仅限于那名乘客。”Salzar博士说。“如果座椅或安全带失效，”他说，“坐在附近的乘客可能会受到‘不受自己控制的过胖乘客运动’的威胁。”)”可知，那些坐在过胖乘客附近的人也可能受到影响。故选C。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“The New York Times’ Christine Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are designed to protect overweight travelers.(《纽约时报》的Christen Negroni报道说，工程师和科学家正在质疑飞机座椅是否足以保护超重的旅客)”可知，本文主要讨论了现在的飞机座位对于体重过大的乘客是否足够安全。由此可知，D项“飞机座椅对于超重的人来说足够安全吗？”最适合作文章标题，故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为名余选项 If you need a letter of recommendation when applying for universities, scholarships or extracurricular activities, apart from your teachers, here are some people who you could ask to write you one. Do not ask family members for a letter It’s an important rule that you cannot ask family members for recommendation letters. ___36___. In other words, it’s a conflict of interest. It’s also likely that your family members do not know how you perform in a school environment, so their input might not be so relevant to your application. ___37___ Asking personal friends for a recommendation is not a definite no-no. It’s not automatically a conflict of interest. However, you should have a good reason for asking your friend. For example, is your friend an alumnus (男校友) or alumna (女校友) of the school you are applying for? If so, it would be acceptable to ask them for a letter of recommendation. For example, they will be able to include meaningful anecdotes that speak to your character and potential. ___38___. Someone you volunteered with If you’ve done some volunteering, you can reach out to the supervisor of your volunteer program and ask for a letter of recommendation. ___39___, they will still be able to comment on your work ethic (职业道德) and your ability to work with a team. Including a letter from someone you volunteered with will show school admissions officers that you care about giving back to the community. Volunteering is a great way to prove you are a well-rounded person. Your volunteer program supervisor can be a helpful resource, even if your volunteer experience was not in the field you want to pursue a career in. Someone you worked with or for If you have any work experience, whether it be a part-time job or an internship, reaching out to your supervisor or manager can be a good idea. ___40___. Including a letter from someone you worked with will show school admissions officers that you are responsible and capable of handling tasks and responsibilities. It is important to note that if you were fired or had a bad experience at this job, it may not be the best idea to ask for a recommendation letter from this employer. A. Be careful when asking personal friends B. You’d better not ask personal friends for recommendation C. As long as you have a good impression on them D. They will be able to comment on your work ethic and ability E. School admission officers believe their views of you are biased F. If not, they might not be the best person to ask for a recommendation letter G. Even though your volunteer program supervisor was not technically your boss 【答案】36. E 37. A 38. F 39. G 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了在申请大学、奖学金或课外活动时，除了老师之外，可以向哪些人寻求推荐信，并提供了具体的建议和注意事项。 【36题详解】 上文“It’s an important rule that you cannot ask family members for recommendation letters. (你不能要求家庭成员写推荐信，这是一条重要的规则.)”说明了不能向家庭成员要推荐信，空格处应给出原因， E选项“学校招生官员认为他们对你的看法有偏见”解释了为什么不能要求家庭成员写推荐信，与上文形成了因果关系，符合语境。故选E。 【37题详解】 空处为下一段落的标题句，下文“Asking personal friends for a recommendation is not a definite no-no. It’s not automatically a conflict of interest. However, you should have a good reason for asking your friend. (向个人朋友请求推荐信并不是绝对不行。这并不自动构成利益冲突。然而，你应该有一个充分的理由去请求你的朋友.)”说明了关于向朋友要推荐信的具体事项，空处应概括向朋友要推荐信的相关内容，A选项“向个人朋友请求推荐信时要谨慎”引出下文的内容，即虽然向朋友请求推荐信并非不可，但需要注意一些事项，符合语境。 故选A。 【38题详解】 上文“If so, it would be acceptable to ask them for a letter of recommendation. For example, they will be able to include meaningful anecdotes that speak to your character and potential. (如果是这样，向他们请求推荐信是可以接受的。例如，他们可以在推荐信中包括反映你性格和潜力的有意义的故事。)”说明了如果朋友是你要申请学校的校友，那么可以向他们要推荐信，空处应与上文形成对比关系， F选项“如果不是这样，他们可能不是请求推荐信的最佳人选”中“If not”与上文“If so”相呼应，是对前文条件的补充，符合语境。故选F。 【39题详解】 上文“If you’ve done some volunteering, you can reach out to the supervisor of your volunteer program and ask for a letter of recommendation. (如果你做过一些志愿工作，你可以联系你志愿项目的负责人，请求一封推荐信。)”说明了可以向志愿项目的负责人要推荐信，空处应承接上文，并与下文“they will still be able to comment on your work ethic (职业道德) and your ability to work with a team. (他们仍然能够评价你的职业道德和你与团队合作的能力。)”形成转折关系，G选项“即使你的志愿项目负责人不是你真正意义上的上司”中的“your volunteer program supervisor”与上文“the supervisor of your volunteer program”相呼应，并与下文共同说明了即使不是正式上司，他们仍然可以评价你的工作伦理和团队合作能力，符合语境。故选G。 【40题详解】 上文“If you have any work experience, whether it be a part-time job or an internship, reaching out to your supervisor or manager can be a good idea .(如果你有任何工作经验，无论是兼职还是实习，联系你的上司或经理可能是一个好主意。)”说明了可以向工作经历中的主管或经理要推荐信，空处应进一步解释为什么这些人是合适的推荐人，D选项“他们能够评价你的职业道德和能力”与上文形成了顺承关系，即上司或经理能够基于你的工作经验给出有关你职业道德和能力的评价，符合语境，故选D。 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was sitting with my study group when I received an email from my landlord. “Your apartment has lost ___41___.” This was my first spring in Montreal. I’m from Saskatoon — so no ___42___ to cold weather, but the damage an ice storm could cause wasn’t something I was ___43___ to. A dozen thoughts raced through my head. With no Wi-Fi or heat, how would I cook supper or finish my assignment for grad school? “You can come and stay with me.” My new friend Kanika’s voice cut through the noise of my thoughts. I ___44___ because I didn’t want to ___45___ her with a house guest at such short notice. But she insisted. An hour later, I stood at her doorstep with my suitcase, sopping wet. Then, sitting with a warm bowl of soup, I watched in ___46___ as the friend I had met only six months ago quickly and generously prepared her own room for me to use. As the power outage continued, this turned into a ___47___ six days — marked by laughter and deep conversations. Our time together turned into a food ___48___. One night, we made two different kinds of chickpea curry, the next we had spaghetti in butter chicken sauce and another night pizza and potato parathas. We’d head to bed with the ___49___ of sleeping early only for one of us to turn over and say something to the other. Our night conversations continued into the morning, from what we wanted to do after our graduate studies to our ____50____ childhood cartoon characters. During my stay, never once did Kanika ask how much longer I was going to be at her place. Rather, she always ____51____ me that I was welcome to stay for as long as I needed. When my power finally came back, we were both sad that our adventure together had come to a(n) ____52____, but ____53____ that we had made so many memories. Kanika’s kindness showed me how much a neighborly ____54____ can mean to the person you help. It turned what I feared would be a stressful, lonely week into one of friendship and fond memories. And I’ll remember that kindness when I see someone else in ____55____. 41. A. heat B. water C. power D. light 42. A. stranger B. friend C. relative D. acquaintance 43. A. exposed B. accustomed C. attracted D. attached 44. A. accepted B. admitted C. hesitated D. agreed 45. A. entertain B. impress C. surprise D. burden 46. A. amazement B. relief C. confusion D. frustration 47. A. stressful B. magical C. boring D. lonely 48. A. competition B. challenge C. exchange D. adventure 49. A. help B. intention C. development D. exception 50. A. least B. favorite C. most D. recent 51. A. assured B. reminded C. warned D. promised 52. A. start B. middle C. end D. conclusion 53. A. hopeful B. doubtful C. grateful D. regretful 54. A. gesture B. appreciation C. awareness D. obstacle 55 A. danger B. need C. joy D. celebration 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. B 50. B 51. A 52. C 53. C 54. A 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在公寓断电期间住在新交的朋友家里，她们一起度过了一段充满美好回忆的时光。朋友的善意对作者意义重大，所以每当作者遇到需要帮助的人时，作者都会想起这种善意。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的公寓断电了。A. heat热；B. water水；C. power电力供应；D. light光。根据下文中的“As the power outage continued”及“When my power finally came back”可知，这里为原词复现，指的是断电。故选C。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我来自萨斯卡通，所以对寒冷的天气并不陌生，但冰风暴可能造成的破坏是我不习惯的。A. stranger陌生人；B. friend朋友；C. relative亲戚；D. acquaintance熟人。根据句中的“I’m from Saskatoon”和常识可知，作者来自加拿大的萨斯卡通，所以对寒冷天气并不陌生。be no stranger to意为“熟悉，习惯”。故选A。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. exposed暴露的；B. accustomed习惯的；C. attracted被吸引的；D. attached依恋，爱慕。but前后表示转折，前面“I’m from Saskatoon — so no ___2___to cold weather”说作者熟悉寒冷天气，这里应是说作者不习惯冰风暴可能带来的破坏。故选B。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我犹豫了一下，因为我不想临时让一位暂住客人给她带来烦扰。A. accepted接受；B. admitted承认；C. hesitated犹豫；D. agreed同意。根据句中的“because I didn’t want to ___5___her with a house guest at such short notice”和下文的“she insisted”可知，面对朋友的邀请，作者犹豫了，因为不想麻烦朋友，但朋友坚持要作者来家住。故选C。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. entertain使快乐；B. impress使印象深刻；C. surprise使惊奇；D. burden使烦恼，烦扰。根据空后的“her with a house guest at such short notice”和常识可知，突然来小住会给朋友带来麻烦。故选D。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，我端着一碗热汤坐着，惊讶地看着我六个月前才认识的朋友迅速而慷慨地为我预备她自己的房间。A. amazement惊奇；B. relief宽慰；C. confusion困惑；D. frustration挫折。根据空后的“as the friend I had met only six months ago quickly and generously prepared her own room for me to use”可知，作者和朋友刚认识才六个月，但朋友却为作者收拾了她自己的房间来让作者住，作者感到很惊讶。故选A。 【47题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着停电的持续，这变成了奇妙的六天，充满了笑声和深刻的对话。A. stressful充满压力的；B. magical奇妙的；C. boring令人厌倦的；D. lonely孤独的。根据句中的“marked by laughter and deep conversations”可知，在这六天时光里，二人欢笑不断，进行了深刻的交流，对于刚认识六个月的朋友来说，这几天非常奇妙。故选B。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在一起的时间变成了一次美食冒险。A. competition比赛；B. challenge挑战；C. exchange交换；D. adventure冒险。根据下文中的“One night, we made two different kinds of chickpea curry, the next we had spaghetti in butter chicken sauce and another night pizza and potato parathas.(一天晚上，我们做了两种不同的鹰嘴豆咖喱，第二天我们吃了黄油鸡肉酱意大利面，另一天晚上我们吃了披萨和土豆意式沙拉)”和“our adventure together”可知，这里指的是美食冒险。故选D。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们上床的目的是早点睡觉，结果只是为了我们中的一个人翻过身来对另一个人说点什么。A. help帮助；B. intention目的；C. development发展；D. exception例外。根据空后的“of sleeping early”可知，她们上床是想要早点睡觉。故选B。 【50题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们晚上的谈话一直持续到早上，从我们研究生毕业后想做什么，到我们最喜欢的童年卡通人物。A. least最少的，最小的；B. favorite特别受喜爱的；C. most最多的；D. recent最近的。根据空后的“childhood cartoon characters”可知，这里指最喜欢的童年卡通人物。故选B。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，她总是向我保证，我需要留下来多久她都欢迎。A. assured使确信，向……保证；B. reminded提醒；C. warned警告；D. promised承诺。根据空后的“me that I was welcome to stay for as long as I needed”可知，她向作者保证，作者想住多久都可以。assure sb. that...意为“向某人保证……”。故选A。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我公寓的电终于恢复时，我们都对我们一起的冒险已经结束感到很难过，但很感激我们创造了这么多的回忆。A. start开始；B. middle中间；C. end终结，终止；D. conclusion结论。根据空前的“our adventure together had come to a(n)”可知，这里指作者和朋友一起进行的冒险结束了。come to an end意为“结束”。故选C。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. hopeful怀有希望的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. grateful感激的；D. regretful遗憾的，后悔的。根据空后的“that we had made so many memories”可知，作者和朋友共同创造了许多美好回忆，对此她们心怀感激。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Kanika的善意向我展示了友好的姿态对你帮助的人有多重要。A. gesture姿态；B. appreciation欣赏；C. awareness意识；D. obstacle障碍。根据句中的“Kanika’s kindness”和上文朋友在自家热情招待作者可知，帮助别人时，表现出的友好姿态对别人非常重要。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到别人需要帮助时，我会记住这种善意。A. danger危险；B. need需要；C. joy高兴；D. celebration庆祝活动。根据上文朋友在作者需要帮助的时候热情邀请作者住她家和“the person you help”可知，这里指看到需要帮助的人。in need意为“需要帮助”。故选B。 第二节语法题空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的适当形式。 56. Teaching moral values to students is not only _________(benefit) to the individuals involved but also to the welfare of society as a whole. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】beneficial 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：向学生传授道德价值观不仅有利于个人，也有利于整个社会的福祉。结合句意和系动词is可知，提示词在句中作表语，用形容词beneficial，意为“有益的，有利的”；be beneficial to...“有利于……；有益于……”。故填beneficial。 57. The researchers are still working hard to figure out ______ it was that caused the disease. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句。句意：研究人员仍在努力找出是什么导致了这种疾病。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作figure out的宾语，宾语从句中使用了强调句型it was…that…，句中缺少主语，结合caused the disease可知，主语指物，应用连词what作引导词。故填what。 58. Having checked the doors were closed, and ________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在检查了所有的门都关了，并且所有的灯都关了之后，男孩打开了他卧室的门。分析句子结构，and连接并列的两个宾语从句，空处引导第二个宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，应用that引导，且that一般不能省略。故答案为that。 59. To any neighboring countries, border issues, unless ________ (handle) properly, will directly affect the relationship between them and even lead to conflicts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】handled 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句的省略、动词语态。句意：对于任何邻国来说，边界问题如果处理不好，都会直接影响到邻国之间的关系，甚至引发冲突。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的条件状语从句完整句子为unless border issues are_____ (handled) properly，省略border issues are，border issues和 handle“处理”之间是被动关系，所以unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时的被动语态，省略border issues are，保留过去分词。故填handled。 60. Weather ________ (permit), the Whites will have a picnic by the seaside this weekend.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】permitting 【解析】 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许，怀特夫妇本周末将在海边野餐。分析句子结构可知，逗号前面部分是独立主格结构，在句中做状语，weather与动词permit“允许”是主动关系，应该用现在分词。故填permitting。 61. They broke my windows and ________________(threat) me. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】threatened 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他们打破我的窗户并且威胁我。分析句子可知，空处应为动词，与“broke”并列作谓语，故应为过去式；threaten为动词，表示“威胁”，符合句意。故填threatened。 62. I was organizing my words in my head __________ the girl next to me gave me a nudge. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我正在脑子里组织我要说的话，这时我旁边的女孩推了我一下。固定句型sb. was/were doing...when...，表示“某人正在做……这时突然……”，用并列连词when。故填when。 63. In ________ (recognize) of his contributions, Spear was given the Great Wall Friendship Award in 2014. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】recognition 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了表彰他贡献，Spear在2014年被授予了长城友谊奖。空处需要名词作介词in的宾语。recognize的名词形式为recognition“认可”。故填recognition。 64. It was by the end of the day that we ______ (sell) over 2,000 tickets. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had sold 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：到那天结束时，我们已经卖了2000多张票。本句话为强调句型，强调时间状语。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语by the end of the day可知，句子的时态为过去完成时态。故填had sold。 65. There ________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧上升，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。提示词是There be句型中谓语动词，根据时间状语“over the past 20 years”可知，描述从过去持续到现在的情况，强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时态，主语“a dramatic rise”是单数名词，谓语用单数形式has been。故填has been。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 66. 假如你是晨光中学学生李津，你校英文报正在征集主题为“My Dream University”的英语短文。请你根据以下要点，写一篇英语短文进行投稿。 1. 介绍你理想中的大学（名称、所在地等）； 2. 你选择这所大学的原因（至少两点）； 3. 你为此付出的努力和期盼。 注意： 1. 词数不少于100； 2. 可适当增加细节。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】My Dream University As is known, every student in high school makes great efforts to go to their ideal university for higher education. When it comes to the university which I long for, I would say without hesitation that Peking University is my first choice. Located in the capital city of Beijing, Peking University is one of the top universities in China. The reasons why I desire to study in Peking University are as follows. First of all, many of China’s leading and admirable scholars and scientists have emerged there who inspire generations of young people to make every effort to achieve their goals and make contributions to the motherland. Bedsides, with a strong spirit of innovation and scientific research, the university provides students with a platform where they can not only get access to advanced technology and knowledge but also broaden their horizons. There’s no doubt that Peking University has become the crowning glory of China’s universities, which allows me to have a great advantage over other peers in the future. As a result, I have been sparing no effort to study hard and equip myself with necessary skills since I attended high school. I will go all out to prepare for the coming College Entrance Examination and I’m firmly convinced that years of hard work will definitely pay off! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇主题为“My Dream University”的英语短文进行投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 此外：besides→in addition 首先：first of all→to begin with 尽最大努力：spare no effort to→try one’s best to 肯定：definitely→certainly 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Located in the capital city of Beijing, Peking University is one of the top universities in China. 拓展句：Peking University, which is located in the capital city of Beijing, is one of the top universities in China. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The reasons why I desire to study in Peking University are as follows. (运用了why引导定语从句) [高分句型2] There’s no doubt that Peking University has become the crowning glory of China’s universities, which allows me to have a great advantage over other peers in the future. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Last summer, Hilda worked as a volunteer with dolphin trainers at a sea life park. Her job was to make sure the tanks were free of any items so that the trainers could train the dolphins to fetch specific items. However, one day after cleaning, one of the dolphins, Maya, presented Hilda with a candy wrapper from the tank. When Katherine, the trainer, saw this, she blamed Hilda for her carelessness. Upset but not discouraged by this event, Hilda decided to do some spying on Maya. The next morning, Hilda arrived at the park early. She put on her scuba gear (水下呼吸器) and jumped into the tank for her usual, underwater sweep. Finding nothing in the tank, she climbed out of the water just in time to see Katherine jumping in on the other side. After what happened yesterday, Hilda knew what she was doing. She watched as Katherine performed her underwater search, but Hilda wasn’t surprised when she surfaced empty-handed. During the tank sweeps, Maya had been swimming playfully, but now the dolphin stopped suddenly and swam to the back part of the tank where the filter (过滤) box was located. She stuck her nose down behind the box and then swam away. What was Maya doing back there? Hilda wondered. She jumped back into the water and swam over to take a look behind the box, and her question was answered. Hilda then swam across the tank following Maya’s path and emerged from the water to find Katherine removing her scuba gear. As Katherine turned around, her mouth dropped open. There was Maya at the edge of the tank with a comb (梳子) in her mouth waiting for her treat. “Maya! Where did you get that?” demanded Katherine, taking the comb and throwing her a fish. “I know where she got it,” declared Hilda climbing out of the tank with a handful of items still wet from their watery, resting place. “What’s all this?” Katherine asked, obviously confused. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右; (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “This is Maya’s secret,” Hilda said with a big smile. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Now Katherine realized what had been going on. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 “This is Maya’s secret,” Hilda said with a big smile.The truth of the matter, Hilda continued, is that Maya has been secretly collecting items from the tank, hiding them near the filter in the back of the tank. When you train her, she will give you some items so that she can get treats from you. “Really? How do you know that?” Catherine asked in surprise. Hilda laughed and replied, “It took me a long time to discover this secret, too. It’s not easy to follow Maya.” Now Katherine realized what had been going on. Catherine thought to herself, this is really a clever dolphin. And she said to Hilda, “Well, Maya loves treats, so we’ll work together, and you’ll secretly help her collect a few things and put them in the filter at the back of the tank. I’ll give her treats, the number of which I can increase.” Hilda replied, “Good idea, let’s do it.” From then on, the Sea Life Park is full of warmth and harmony. Maya’s performance in front of the audience is getting better and better. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了希尔达在一家海洋生物公园与海豚训练员凯瑟琳一起做志愿者，以及她们和海豚玛雅之间的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“‘这是玛雅的秘密，’希尔达笑着说。”可知，第一段可描写玛雅的秘密是什么。 ②由第二段首句内容“现在凯瑟琳意识到发生了什么事。”可知，第二段可描写凯瑟琳的对这件事的反应以及事情的结果。 2.续写线索：训练海豚——发现秘密——分析秘密——互相协商——共同配合——良好结果 3.词汇激活 行类 ①秘密地：secretly/in private ②收集：collect/gather ③隐藏：hid/conceal 情绪类 ①惊讶地：in surprise/in amazement ②笑：laugh/smile 【点睛】【高分句型1】The truth of the matter, Hilda continued, is that Maya has been secretly collecting items from the tank, hiding them near the filter in the back of the tank. (运用了that引导的表语从句和现在分词作状语)  【高分句型2】I’ll give her treats, the number of which I can increase. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 河南省信阳高级中学新校（贤岭校区） 2024-2025学年高二下期开学测试 英语试题 第一部分 单项选择（共20小题：每小题1 . 5分，满分30分） 1. He talked a lot about things and persons ________ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 2. She wants a job ________ her management skills can be put to good use. A. which B. where C. that D. when 3. Life ________ many elements, such as family, friends, study, work, entertainment, and so on. A. makes up B. is consisted of C. is comprised of D. consists in 4. You don’t have to pay for anything ________ the tickets. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than 5. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching 6. More Chinese classics have been adapted for movies or TV plays to make traditional Chinese culture ______ to a wider range of people. A. accurate B. native C. efficient D. accessible 7. The work should be given to you think can finish it ahead of time. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 8. ________ singer and ________ dancer is also good at drawing. A. The; a B. The; the C. A; a D. The; / 9. The cloth ________ fine, but ________ well. A. looks; doesn’t wash B. looks; isn’t washed C. is looked; doesn’t wash D. is looked; isn’t washed 10. The theory that he stuck true. A. to prove B. proved C. to proved D. to proving 11. The fine day our pleasure; we had a good time in the country. A. added up B. added in C. added up to D. added to 12. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ________ I disagree. A. which B. where C. what D. that 13. Frankly speaking, I always regard you as my best friend, _______ I place entire trust. A. about whom B. in which C. on whom D. in whom 14. Traditional exercises like sit-ups, press-ups and pull-ups are great for strengthening the body, ________ you do them properly. A. since B. unless C. providing D. before 15. I that the experience was anything but boring, had I read the brochure carefully. A. realized B. had realized C. should be realizing D. would have realized 16. — Poor and backward area __________ Western China is, many college students are willing to work there after graduation — I can’t agree more. More chances of employment are available. A. since B. as C. although D. while 17. He has made progress that all of us want to learn from him. A. such amazing B. so amazing an C. so amazing D. such amazing an 18. — Simon will listen to music every time he comes across a maths problem. — You know, music is the source of ______ in life. A. inspiration B. identification C. reaction D. recreation 19. The magician picked several persons from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A. at times B. at random C. at risk D. on average 20. It was in the remote village _______ he grew up _______ he developed his love for nature. A. that; that B. where; that C. that; that D. where; where 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A British Library Events ● Imagine with Us Join us on our imagination-fuelled family day. Build, dance and play as you explore new possibilities, experience different ideas and cultures , and have fun with your family. End the day curled up in our family reading corner and sensory zone. All kinds of books are available throughout the day. Time:14 June, 12:00-16:00. Price: Free. ● Sound and Vision This session, for readers with a current Reader Pass, provides an introduction to our audiovisual (视听的) collections and the way to access them. Are you interested in non-print media? The Library has over 6 million sound and moving image recordings, including all types of music, wildlife, drama, literature, oral history and collections of radio broadcasts.Some of the recordings date from the late nineteenth century. They can be accessed in our Reading Rooms, either digitally or via our Listening&Viewing Service. Time:16 June, 14:00-15:00 Price: Free. ● Old English Master Class Join our introduction to Old English. We’ll explore Old English in its cultural context and will help you develop skill in analyzing and drawing meanings from set texts through accessible exercises and close reading Over the weekend you’ll gain an understanding of the journey of the English language-from Old English into Middle English and later Modern English. Time: 20 June, 10:30 - 21 June.17:00 Price: Full Price: £185.00, Student: 20%off. ● Illuminations (彩饰) Master Class Illuminated manuscripts (手稿) are among the most shining and attractive objects ever created.Join the famous illuminator Patricia Lovett n our one-day master class, and create your own Middle-Ages-style artworks -inspired by the Library’s breathtaking collections. Time: 27 June, 10:00-17:00. Price: Full Price: £110.00, Student: 30%off. 21. Which event can you attend if you are available before June 15? A. Imagine with Us. B. Sound and Vision. C. Old English Master Class. D. Illuminations Master Class. 22. What are readers required to do to participate in Sound and Vision? A. Prepare an old story to share. B. Arrive before 4 pm on June 16. C. Have a recorder of high quality. D. Bring their current Reader Pass. 23. What do Imagine with Us and Sound and Vision have in common? A. They require applicants to have IT skills. B. They are both suitable for families. C. They aim to encourage creativity. D. They are both free of charge. B About once a week, a veterinarian (兽医) Kwane Stewart heads down to San Diego’s East Village to make his rounds, serving the dogs, cats and birds who are the treasured pets of downtown’s homeless community. Stewart’s parents were huge animal lovers. By age 6, he knew he wanted to be a vet. After graduation from a Colorado veterinary science program, he spent the next decade as a veterinarian. In 2008, he worked as head veterinarian at a country-run animal shelter in an area struck by the Great Recession. He saw pets abandoned and the work was extremely depressing. Four years into the shelter job, Stewart said he was burned out with guilt and ready to quit. Then one morning on his way to work, he saw a homeless man and a dog. He treated the dog’s skin condition and the animal was transformed. The owner was beyond grateful and said, “Thanks for not ignoring me and for treating my dog.” “That was the moment for me. I got back to saving animals and doing it on my own terms.” Stewart said. A few weeks later he set up a pop-up veterinary clinic at a soup kitchen, and when clients there suggested he take his services further, his new job as “Street Vet” began. In addition to treating common diseases, Stewart often provides vaccinations (接种疫苗) and general wellness checks. He also promotes “fear-free” pet care. Many of the people Stewart serves are not just grateful for the help but also form a deep bond with him, seeing him as someone who not only treats their pets but also acknowledges their humanity. “I can dream a little bit that people from all over the world will want to emulate what I do. ”Stewart said. Right now, he is building a network of trusted volunteers, technicians with hospitals and clinics. “These are all people who just reached out and said, ‘I’m inspired by what you do. How do I do it?’” he said. 24. What do we know about Steward’s current job? A. He runs an animal shelter. B. He adopts abandoned pets. C. He works for a science program. D. He attends to homeless people's pets. 25. Why is Stewart’s shelter job mentioned? A. To explain his change of career focus. B. To illustrate his professional competence. C. To explore the future of the industry. D. To reflect the challenges of the profession, 26. What do many people think of Steward? A. He’s odd. B. He’s frank. C. He’s humble. D. He’s merciful. 27. What does the underlined word “emulate” in the last paragraph mean? A. Follow the example of. B. Show respect for. C. Put the blame on. D. Pay attention to. C Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year. The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work. But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger. That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year. The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine. Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions. Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. 28 The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________. A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D. information about measles spreads quickly 29. Herd immunity works well when ____________. A. exemptions are allowed B. several vaccines are used together C. the whole neighborhood is involved in D. new regulations are added to the state laws 30. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles? A. The overuse of vaccine. B. The lack of medical care. C. The features of measles itself. D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people. 31. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the idea of exemption. B. To discuss methods to cure measles. C. To stress the importance of vaccination. D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. D On Monday the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding bodies not only lead to a medical problem, but also endanger personal safety in some situations — in an airplane crash, for example, according to a recent article in The New York Times. The New York Times’ Christine Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are designed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards (标准) for airplane seat strength — first set more than 60 years ago — require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds. Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds and the average woman 165 pounds. Negroni reports: “If a heavier person completely fills a seat, the seat is not likely to behave as designed during a crash,” Robert Salzar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly” . “Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could not be safe from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.” Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But The New York Times’ article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to talk about the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with over-weighted dummies (人体模型). Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said. Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board’s investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem. 32. What is the article in The New York Times mainly about? A. The size of airplane seats and seat belts. B. Safety of overweight airplane passengers. C. Airplane crashes. D. A medical problem caused by being overweight. 33. Robert Salzar would probably agree that ________. A. overweight passengers should buy two seats B. the government should help produce safer planes C. standards for airplane seat strength should be raised D. passengers should know how to protect themselves 34. We can learn from the text that ________. A. airplane seat makers have taken action now B. there are few complaints about airplane seats C. those seated near the overweight may suffer, too D. only a small number of airplane accidents result from the overweight 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Why do passengers Feel Anxious about Flying? B. Will 42% of Americans Be Overweight by 2030? C. When Will the Overweight Enjoy Their Flight? D. Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for the Overweight? 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为名余选项 If you need a letter of recommendation when applying for universities, scholarships or extracurricular activities, apart from your teachers, here are some people who you could ask to write you one. Do not ask family members for a letter It’s an important rule that you cannot ask family members for recommendation letters. ___36___. In other words, it’s a conflict of interest. It’s also likely that your family members do not know how you perform in a school environment, so their input might not be so relevant to your application. ___37___ Asking personal friends for a recommendation is not a definite no-no. It’s not automatically a conflict of interest. However, you should have a good reason for asking your friend. For example, is your friend an alumnus (男校友) or alumna (女校友) of the school you are applying for? If so, it would be acceptable to ask them for a letter of recommendation. For example, they will be able to include meaningful anecdotes that speak to your character and potential. ___38___. Someone you volunteered with If you’ve done some volunteering, you can reach out to the supervisor of your volunteer program and ask for a letter of recommendation. ___39___, they will still be able to comment on your work ethic (职业道德) and your ability to work with a team. Including a letter from someone you volunteered with will show school admissions officers that you care about giving back to the community. Volunteering is a great way to prove you are a well-rounded person. Your volunteer program supervisor can be a helpful resource, even if your volunteer experience was not in the field you want to pursue a career in. Someone you worked with or for If you have any work experience, whether it be a part-time job or an internship, reaching out to your supervisor or manager can be a good idea. ___40___. Including a letter from someone you worked with will show school admissions officers that you are responsible and capable of handling tasks and responsibilities. It is important to note that if you were fired or had a bad experience at this job, it may not be the best idea to ask for a recommendation letter from this employer. A. Be careful when asking personal friends B. You’d better not ask personal friends for recommendation C. As long as you have a good impression on them D. They will be able to comment on your work ethic and ability E. School admission officers believe their views of you are biased F. If not, they might not be the best person to ask for a recommendation letter G. Even though your volunteer program supervisor was not technically your boss 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was sitting with my study group when I received an email from my landlord. “Your apartment has lost ___41___.” This was my first spring in Montreal. I’m from Saskatoon — so no ___42___ to cold weather, but the damage an ice storm could cause wasn’t something I was ___43___ to. A dozen thoughts raced through my head. With no Wi-Fi or heat, how would I cook supper or finish my assignment for grad school? “You can come and stay with me.” My new friend Kanika’s voice cut through the noise of my thoughts. I ___44___ because I didn’t want to ___45___ her with a house guest at such short notice. But she insisted. An hour later, I stood at her doorstep with my suitcase, sopping wet. Then, sitting with a warm bowl of soup, I watched in ___46___ as the friend I had met only six months ago quickly and generously prepared her own room for me to use. As the power outage continued, this turned into a ___47___ six days — marked by laughter and deep conversations. Our time together turned into a food ___48___. One night, we made two different kinds of chickpea curry, the next we had spaghetti in butter chicken sauce and another night pizza and potato parathas. We’d head to bed with the ___49___ of sleeping early only for one of us to turn over and say something to the other. Our night conversations continued into the morning, from what we wanted to do after our graduate studies to our ____50____ childhood cartoon characters. During my stay, never once did Kanika ask how much longer I was going to be at her place. Rather, she always ____51____ me that I was welcome to stay for as long as I needed. When my power finally came back, we were both sad that our adventure together had come to a(n) ____52____, but ____53____ that we had made so many memories. Kanika’s kindness showed me how much a neighborly ____54____ can mean to the person you help. It turned what I feared would be a stressful, lonely week into one of friendship and fond memories. And I’ll remember that kindness when I see someone else in ____55____. 41. A. heat B. water C. power D. light 42. A. stranger B. friend C. relative D. acquaintance 43. A. exposed B. accustomed C. attracted D. attached 44. A. accepted B. admitted C. hesitated D. agreed 45. A. entertain B. impress C. surprise D. burden 46. A. amazement B. relief C. confusion D. frustration 47. A. stressful B. magical C. boring D. lonely 48. A. competition B. challenge C. exchange D. adventure 49. A. help B. intention C. development D. exception 50. A. least B. favorite C. most D. recent 51. A. assured B. reminded C. warned D. promised 52. A. start B. middle C. end D. conclusion 53. A. hopeful B. doubtful C. grateful D. regretful 54. A. gesture B. appreciation C. awareness D. obstacle 55 A. danger B. need C. joy D. celebration 第二节语法题空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的适当形式。 56. Teaching moral values to students is not only _________(benefit) to the individuals involved but also to the welfare of society as a whole. (用所给词适当形式填空) 57. The researchers are still working hard to figure out ______ it was that caused the disease. (用适当的词填空) 58. Having checked the doors were closed and ________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. 59. To any neighboring countries, border issues, unless ________ (handle) properly, will directly affect the relationship between them and even lead to conflicts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 60. Weather ________ (permit), the Whites will have a picnic by the seaside this weekend.(所给词的适当形式填空) 61. They broke my windows and ________________(threat) me. (所给词的适当形式填空) 62. I was organizing my words in my head __________ the girl next to me gave me a nudge. (用适当的词填空) 63. In ________ (recognize) of his contributions, Spear was given the Great Wall Friendship Award in 2014. (所给词的适当形式填空) 64. It was by the end of the day that we ______ (sell) over 2,000 tickets. (所给词的适当形式填空) 65. There ________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 66. 假如你是晨光中学学生李津，你校英文报正在征集主题为“My Dream University”的英语短文。请你根据以下要点，写一篇英语短文进行投稿。 1. 介绍你理想中的大学（名称、所在地等）； 2. 你选择这所大学的原因（至少两点）； 3. 你为此付出的努力和期盼。 注意： 1. 词数不少于100； 2. 可适当增加细节。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Last summer, Hilda worked as a volunteer with dolphin trainers at a sea life park. Her job was to make sure the tanks were free of any items so that the trainers could train the dolphins to fetch specific items. However, one day after cleaning, one of the dolphins, Maya, presented Hilda with a candy wrapper from the tank. When Katherine, the trainer, saw this, she blamed Hilda for her carelessness. Upset but not discouraged by this event, Hilda decided to do some spying on Maya. The next morning, Hilda arrived at the park early. She put on her scuba gear (水下呼吸器) and jumped into the tank for her usual, underwater sweep. Finding nothing in the tank, she climbed out of the water just in time to see Katherine jumping in on the other side. After what happened yesterday, Hilda knew what she was doing. She watched as Katherine performed her underwater search, but Hilda wasn’t surprised when she surfaced empty-handed. During the tank sweeps, Maya had been swimming playfully, but now the dolphin stopped suddenly and swam to the back part of the tank where the filter (过滤) box was located. She stuck her nose down behind the box and then swam away. What was Maya doing back there? Hilda wondered. She jumped back into the water and swam over to take a look behind the box, and her question was answered. Hilda then swam across the tank following Maya’s path and emerged from the water to find Katherine removing her scuba gear. As Katherine turned around, her mouth dropped open. There was Maya at the edge of the tank with a comb (梳子) in her mouth waiting for her treat. “Maya! Where did you get that?” demanded Katherine, taking the comb and throwing her a fish. “I know where she got it,” declared Hilda climbing out of the tank with a handful of items still wet from their watery, resting place. “What’s all this?” Katherine asked, obviously confused. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右; (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “This is Maya’s secret,” Hilda said with a big smile. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Now Katherine realized what had been going on. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$