专题05 句子成份、句子种类、基本句型 （讲练）-【上好课】2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（安徽专用）

专题05 句子成份、句子种类、基本句型 第一部分 句子成份 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语及同位语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 1. 主语：动作发出者，常位于句首。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 2. 谓语：动作（有时态、语态、单复数之分） I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 3. 宾语：动作承受者，位于及物动词或介词后。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 4. 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语情况。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 5. 表语（主语补足语）:补充说明主语情况，位于系动词之后。 Lisa was happy. 基本成分 句子成分 6. 状语:相当于副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因等。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 7. 定语:相当于形容词，修饰名词和代词。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 8. 同位语:两者指的是同一人/物。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 修饰成分 英语句子由多个部分构成，各部分在句子中起着不同的作用，这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。正确分析句子成分是英语成绩得高分的至关要素。 主要句子成分：主语(subject)---s； 谓语(predicate)---v 次要句子成分：宾语(object)---o； 定语(attribute)---attr； 状语(adverbial)---adv； 补语(complement)-c; 表语(predicative)---p； 同位语(Appositive)等。 · 主语 概念和位置：句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，通常位于句首。 充当：通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 语序：正常：主语+谓语; 全部倒装：谓语+主语; 部分倒装：情态动词/助动词+主语+实义动词。 David arrived last night.（名词作主语） That's OK. （代词） Two will be enough.（数词） To do morning exercises is good for our health.（不定式） Seeing is believing.（动名词） The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.（名词化的形容词） What he said is not true.（主语从句） · 谓语 概念和位置： 表示主语的动作或状态、谓语由动词充当，由简单谓语动词和复合谓语动词之分。 一般位于主语之后。 充当：一般由动词短语、系动词、动词、“情态动词/助动词+实义动词”结构等充当，谓语有时态与语态的变化，同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约，如果主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。 (1)由单一动词V.做谓语 We are Chinese. (2)情态V + V原 He can speak English well. (3)助V +V I have seen this man before. · 宾语 概念：表示及物动词和及物动词短语的动作对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词短语；有的动词后可以跟两个宾语，其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语。 位置: 位于及物动词或介词之后。 充当：通常由名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 1. 名词或相当于名词的短语I accepted your wise advice. 2.代词或相当于代词的短语All of us like him. 3.数词或数词短语Give me four. 4. the + 形容词表示一类人They teach the blind to read. 5.不定式或不定式短语He began to learn English a year ago./He did not know what to say. 6.动名词或动名词短语He is used to working at night./This book is worth reading. 7.从句I think that he is right./I wonder if you'd like to go with us. · 表语 概念: 说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与系动词一起构成复合谓语。 位置：位于系动词之后。 充当：通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当。 1.形容词I feel much better today. 2.代词The book is mine. 3.名词或名词所有格They are my students. 4.数词His telephone number is 88888888. 5.副词They are over there. 6.介词短语They are in trouble. 7.不定式短语My dream is to go to college. 8.动词ing短语His hobby is collecting stamps. 9.过去分词短语My camera is broken. 10.从句The truth is what he said just now. · 定语 概念：修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语； 位置: 定语有前置定语和后置定语。形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前，但是在修饰any-，some-，no， every-等构成的单词，如something 等时，应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。 充当：定语通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当。 1.形容词或相同于形容词的结构He is a kind-hearted man./He is a 15-year-old student. 2.冠词或代词This book is Mine./The boy was Tom./My father was washing his car. 3.名词或名词所有格He bought a coffee cup yesterday./He is Tom's father. 4.数词Three boys are running along the bank./You are the first one here. 5.副词The boy there needs a pen./He is on his way home. 6.介词短语Do you know the boy in the first row?/The girl in a dress is his sister. 7.不定式短语I have a lot of work to do./ The boy to write this letter needs a pen. 8.动词ing短语Let me tell you a moving story./Horses are grass-eating animals./The smiling boy needs a pen. 9.过去分词短语 The boy needs a pen bought by his mother./In the fall we can see a lot of fallen leaves. 10.从句The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. · 状语 概念：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。状语位置灵活。 位置: 修饰整个句子时放于句首;修饰形容词或副词时放于其后;表时间、目的、地点状语时常放于主句之前或之后，若强调时则应放于主句之前;频度副词如almost、often 等作状语常放于be 动词、情态动词之后，放于实义动词之前。 充当：通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、形容词和从句等充当。 1.副词或副词短语作状语He speaks English very well. 2.介词短语作状语The boy was praised for his bravery. 3.动词不定式短语The box is too heavy for me to lift. 4.动词ing短语Wearing a pair of sunglasses, he went out . 5.过去分词短语Written in a hurry， the article was not so good. 6.从句作状语If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. · 补语 概念和位置：有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明，补语有两种，分别是主语补足语、宾语补足语，用来对主语或宾语进行补充说明。 充当：常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、副词等充当。高考英语试题主要考查非谓语动词作补足语的语法。 1. Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful.（形容词做宾补） 2. We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.（名词短语作宾补） 3. Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. （过去分词短语作宾补） 第二部分 句子种类 句子类型分为4种：在中考题型中，感叹句和疑问句考得最多。特别疑问句，疑问词的用法是最重要的考题之一。 句子种类 用 法 示 例 1. 陈述句 用来陈述事实或表达说话者看法的句子。句末用句号。有肯定句和否定句两种形式。 This is a beautiful garden. 这是一座漂亮的花园。 We didn’t go to school yesterday. 我们昨天没上学。 2. 疑问句 用来提问的句子。句末用问号。有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种，初中阶段要求掌握前三种。 （1）一般疑问句 用yes或no回答的问句。 Are you a student? 你是学生吗？ Do you like singing? 你喜欢唱歌吗？ （2）特殊疑问句 需要使用相应的疑问词来提问。常见的疑问词：what什么，what time几点，when何时，where何地，why为什么，which哪个，who谁，whom（宾格）谁，whose谁的，how如何，how old多大年纪，how much多少，how many多少，how often多久一次，how far多远，how long多久，how soon多久以后 Who is your English teacher? 你们的英语老师是谁？ How many people are there in your family? 你家里有几口人？ Which bike is yours? 哪辆单车是你的？ How did you get there? 你怎么到那儿的？ Whose book is on the floor? 谁的书在地板上？ How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了？ （3）选择疑问句 选择部分由连词or连接。 What would you like, tea or coffee? 你想喝什么，茶还是咖啡？ Are you going to the cinema or the library? 你是去电影院还是图书馆？ 3. 祈使句 表示请求、命令、要求、建议等的句子。通常不用主语，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。 否定形式：Don’t / Never+动词原形+其他。 为了使语气显得客气，可在句首或者句尾加上please。please在句尾时，前面一般要加一个逗号。 Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。 Be quiet! 安静！ Don’t talk loud in the library. 别在图书馆里大声喧哗。 Never swim in the river. 不要在河里游泳。 Please come this way. 请这边走。 Sit down, please. 请坐。 4. 感叹句 表示惊喜、愤怒、赞赏等感情的句子。多用what和how引导，句末用感叹号。 （1）what引导的感叹句（中心词是名词） ·What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！ What a lovely girl she is! 她是个多可爱的女孩啊！ What an interesting book it is! 这是一本多么有趣的书啊！ What beautiful flowers they are! 这些花多么漂亮呀！ What nice weather we have today! 今天天气真好！ （2）how引导的感叹句（中心词是形容词或副词） ·How+形容词(+主语+谓语)！ ·How+副词(+主语+谓语)！ How dirty your hands are! 你的手太脏啦！ How fast the boy is running! 那个男孩跑得真快！ 第三部分 基本句型 简单句的基本句型在近年来中考英语中没有直接考查，而且安徽中考英语中从没有叫学生分析句子结构的考核。但是词义辨析、非谓语动词的习惯用法、主谓一致等等都会涉及到句子结构，复合句的理解更是以简单句为基础，书面表达也需要学生能掌握简单句的基本结构，从而写出正确的句子。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓） 基本句型二： Ｓ +link-Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如： 1.Time flies. 2. Everybody laughed. 3. I woke very soon. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. He walked yesterday . 基本句型二：Ｓ +link-Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表） 此句型句子谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类： (1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。 (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. Everything looks different. 4. He is tall and strong. 5. The weather became warmer. 基本句型三：Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 1. Who knows the answer? 2. She laugh at her. 3. Danny likes donuts. 基本句型四：Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 1. She passed him a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. He bought her nothing. 4. I gave him a hand. 5. I told me how to run the machine. 基本句型五：Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 1. We keep the table clean. 2. They call supper dinner. 3. What makes him sad? 4. We saw him out. 5. He asked me to come back soon. 6. I saw them getting on the bus. 一、指出划线部分充当的成分 1. Whether we’ll go depend on the weather. 2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily. 3. That was how they were defeated. 4. The nursery takes good care of our children. 5. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow. 6. We are sure that we shall succeed. 7. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other. 8. There are many film that I’d like to see. 9. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ? 10. I have a lot of work to do. 11. Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it. 12. I said it in fun. 13. We can send a car over to fetch you. 14. She had to work standing up. 15. Seeing this, some comrades became very worried. 16. Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 17. The bus arrived ten minutes late. 18. We should serve the people heart and soul. 19. Spring coming on, the tree turned green. 20. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky. 21. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting. 22. It’s strange that she doesn’t come today. 23. It was in the library that I come today. 24. He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working. 25. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 二、完成句子 21．The emperor took the prime minister’s suggestion in the end. (对划线部分提问) did the emperor take in the end? 22．Marco Polo spread Chinese culture to Italy and other European countries. (变为一般疑问句) Marco Polo Chinese culture to Italy and other European countries? 23．He had plenty of friends when he was young. (变为否定句) He have friends when he was young. 24．He shut off his brain to enjoy the movie.（改为否定句） He off his brain to enjoy the movie. 25．坚持下去，就会成功。(完成译句) it and you’ll make it. 26．It may be Lucy’s notebook.（对划线部分提问） may it be? 27．We have been friends since 10 years ago. (对划线部分提问) have you been friends? 28．对于我这样的英语学习者来说，这是一个多么有用的方法啊！ it is for an English learner like me! 29．多么有用的讲座啊！我们学到了很多。 it is! We have learned a lot. 30．李华多么的乐于助人啊! Li Hua is! 三、按要求完成句子 1.我昨天收到了 一份礼物。 (S+V+O+A) 2.我父亲将会给我买一台新手机。(S+V+IO+DO) 3.他成为了一名科学家。 (S+V+C) 4.这条消息让她开心了。 (S+V+O+C) 5. 凯特给他送去许多书。 (S+V+DO+IO) 6. 我不知道该做什么？（S+V+O） 四、单项选择 1．—This dress looks beautiful. ________ did you buy it? —I bought it online. A．What B．Where C．Why D．When 2．—________ will the astronauts (宇航员) of Shenzhou-19 stay in space (太空)? —About six months. A．How long B．How far C．How many D．How much 3．________ beautiful flower that I found in the garden this morning! A．What a B．How a C．What D．How 4．________ fantastic discoveries the biologist has made in these years! A．How B．What an C．What a D．What 5．—________ honey do you need for your drink? —Three spoons. A．How many B．How much C．How far D．How long 6．—________ do you go to the gym? —Three times a week. A．How much B．How long C．How many D．How often 7．Students ______ to swim in the river or lake because it’s dangerous. A．aren’t allowed B．allowed C．don’t allow D．are allowed 8．Jack ______ lunch at school. He ______ lunch at home. A．don’t have; have B．doesn’t have; has C．don’t have; has D．doesn’t have; have 9．She ________ the homework today. She can do it tomorrow. A．needn’t to finish B．doesn’t need finish C．needs not finish D．doesn’t need to finish 10．I’m waiting for my friend. ________, I’ll go shopping alone. A．If she comes B．If she doesn’t come C．If she won’t come D．If she will come 11．Can you say it again? I ________ you. A．didn’t catch B．don’t catch C．doesn’t catch D．isn’t catch 12．— There are so many cars in the street at rush hours, ______ there? — Yes, to keep safe, we should avoid ______ this street too hurriedly. A．are, to cross B．aren’t, to cross C．are, crossing D．aren’t, crossing 13．— ______ is it from our school to Dapeng Fortress (大鹏所城)? — It’s about ______ drive. A．How far, two-hour B．How long, two-hour C．How far, two hours’ D．How long, two hours’ 14．The new medicine will have a good effect on his illness, ________? A．won’t it B．isn’t it C．hasn’t it D．didn’t it 15．—Do you like listening to music or playing tennis? —________. It makes me relaxed. A．Yes, I like listening to music B．No, I like playing tennis C．Listening to music 16．—________ movie do you prefer, You Only Live Once (热辣滚烫) or Chang An (长安三万里)? —Chang An. I like cartoons best. A．Why B．Where C．Which D．Whose 17．—Are you going to buy the green skirt or the blue one? —________. Green is always my first choice. A．Yes, I am B．No, I’m not C．The green one D．The blue one 18．Be patient with these teenagers! Give them more time, ______ they will find the answer to the question on their own. A．but B．or C．and D．so 19．Let’s hurry up, ________ we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety. A．or B．so C．and D．but 20．________ Kate to take part in the activity so that we can go there together. A．Tell B．Telling C．Told D．Tells 53 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 句子成份、句子种类、基本句型 第一部分 句子成份 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语及同位语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 1. 主语：动作发出者，常位于句首。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 2. 谓语：动作（有时态、语态、单复数之分） I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 3. 宾语：动作承受者，位于及物动词或介词后。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 4. 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语情况。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 5. 表语（主语补足语）:补充说明主语情况，位于系动词之后。 Lisa was happy. 基本成分 句子成分 6. 状语:相当于副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因等。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 7. 定语:相当于形容词，修饰名词和代词。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 8. 同位语:两者指的是同一人/物。 I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning. 修饰成分 英语句子由多个部分构成，各部分在句子中起着不同的作用，这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。正确分析句子成分是英语成绩得高分的至关要素。 主要句子成分：主语(subject)---s； 谓语(predicate)---v 次要句子成分：宾语(object)---o； 定语(attribute)---attr； 状语(adverbial)---adv； 补语(complement)-c; 表语(predicative)---p； 同位语(Appositive)等。 · 主语 概念和位置：句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，通常位于句首。 充当：通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 语序：正常：主语+谓语; 全部倒装：谓语+主语; 部分倒装：情态动词/助动词+主语+实义动词。 David arrived last night.（名词作主语） That's OK. （代词） Two will be enough.（数词） To do morning exercises is good for our health.（不定式） Seeing is believing.（动名词） The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.（名词化的形容词） What he said is not true.（主语从句） · 谓语 概念和位置： 表示主语的动作或状态、谓语由动词充当，由简单谓语动词和复合谓语动词之分。 一般位于主语之后。 充当：一般由动词短语、系动词、动词、“情态动词/助动词+实义动词”结构等充当，谓语有时态与语态的变化，同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约，如果主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。 (1)由单一动词V.做谓语 We are Chinese. (2)情态V + V原 He can speak English well. (3)助V +V I have seen this man before. · 宾语 概念：表示及物动词和及物动词短语的动作对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词短语；有的动词后可以跟两个宾语，其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语。 位置: 位于及物动词或介词之后。 充当：通常由名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 1. 名词或相当于名词的短语I accepted your wise advice. 2.代词或相当于代词的短语All of us like him. 3.数词或数词短语Give me four. 4. the + 形容词表示一类人They teach the blind to read. 5.不定式或不定式短语He began to learn English a year ago./He did not know what to say. 6.动名词或动名词短语He is used to working at night./This book is worth reading. 7.从句I think that he is right./I wonder if you'd like to go with us. · 表语 概念: 说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与系动词一起构成复合谓语。 位置：位于系动词之后。 充当：通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当。 1.形容词I feel much better today. 2.代词The book is mine. 3.名词或名词所有格They are my students. 4.数词His telephone number is 88888888. 5.副词They are over there. 6.介词短语They are in trouble. 7.不定式短语My dream is to go to college. 8.动词ing短语His hobby is collecting stamps. 9.过去分词短语My camera is broken. 10.从句The truth is what he said just now. · 定语 概念：修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语； 位置: 定语有前置定语和后置定语。形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前，但是在修饰any-，some-，no， every-等构成的单词，如something 等时，应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。 充当：定语通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当。 1.形容词或相同于形容词的结构He is a kind-hearted man./He is a 15-year-old student. 2.冠词或代词This book is Mine./The boy was Tom./My father was washing his car. 3.名词或名词所有格He bought a coffee cup yesterday./He is Tom's father. 4.数词Three boys are running along the bank./You are the first one here. 5.副词The boy there needs a pen./He is on his way home. 6.介词短语Do you know the boy in the first row?/The girl in a dress is his sister. 7.不定式短语I have a lot of work to do./ The boy to write this letter needs a pen. 8.动词ing短语Let me tell you a moving story./Horses are grass-eating animals./The smiling boy needs a pen. 9.过去分词短语 The boy needs a pen bought by his mother./In the fall we can see a lot of fallen leaves. 10.从句The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. · 状语 概念：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。状语位置灵活。 位置: 修饰整个句子时放于句首;修饰形容词或副词时放于其后;表时间、目的、地点状语时常放于主句之前或之后，若强调时则应放于主句之前;频度副词如almost、often 等作状语常放于be 动词、情态动词之后，放于实义动词之前。 充当：通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、形容词和从句等充当。 1.副词或副词短语作状语He speaks English very well. 2.介词短语作状语The boy was praised for his bravery. 3.动词不定式短语The box is too heavy for me to lift. 4.动词ing短语Wearing a pair of sunglasses, he went out . 5.过去分词短语Written in a hurry， the article was not so good. 6.从句作状语If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. · 补语 概念和位置：有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明，补语有两种，分别是主语补足语、宾语补足语，用来对主语或宾语进行补充说明。 充当：常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、副词等充当。高考英语试题主要考查非谓语动词作补足语的语法。 1. Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful.（形容词做宾补） 2. We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.（名词短语作宾补） 3. Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. （过去分词短语作宾补） 第二部分 句子种类 句子类型分为4种：在中考题型中，感叹句和疑问句考得最多。特别疑问句，疑问词的用法是最重要的考题之一。 句子种类 用 法 示 例 1. 陈述句 用来陈述事实或表达说话者看法的句子。句末用句号。有肯定句和否定句两种形式。 This is a beautiful garden. 这是一座漂亮的花园。 We didn’t go to school yesterday. 我们昨天没上学。 2. 疑问句 用来提问的句子。句末用问号。有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种，初中阶段要求掌握前三种。 （1）一般疑问句 用yes或no回答的问句。 Are you a student? 你是学生吗？ Do you like singing? 你喜欢唱歌吗？ （2）特殊疑问句 需要使用相应的疑问词来提问。常见的疑问词：what什么，what time几点，when何时，where何地，why为什么，which哪个，who谁，whom（宾格）谁，whose谁的，how如何，how old多大年纪，how much多少，how many多少，how often多久一次，how far多远，how long多久，how soon多久以后 Who is your English teacher? 你们的英语老师是谁？ How many people are there in your family? 你家里有几口人？ Which bike is yours? 哪辆单车是你的？ How did you get there? 你怎么到那儿的？ Whose book is on the floor? 谁的书在地板上？ How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了？ （3）选择疑问句 选择部分由连词or连接。 What would you like, tea or coffee? 你想喝什么，茶还是咖啡？ Are you going to the cinema or the library? 你是去电影院还是图书馆？ 3. 祈使句 表示请求、命令、要求、建议等的句子。通常不用主语，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。 否定形式：Don’t / Never+动词原形+其他。 为了使语气显得客气，可在句首或者句尾加上please。please在句尾时，前面一般要加一个逗号。 Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。 Be quiet! 安静！ Don’t talk loud in the library. 别在图书馆里大声喧哗。 Never swim in the river. 不要在河里游泳。 Please come this way. 请这边走。 Sit down, please. 请坐。 4. 感叹句 表示惊喜、愤怒、赞赏等感情的句子。多用what和how引导，句末用感叹号。 （1）what引导的感叹句（中心词是名词） ·What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！ What a lovely girl she is! 她是个多可爱的女孩啊！ What an interesting book it is! 这是一本多么有趣的书啊！ What beautiful flowers they are! 这些花多么漂亮呀！ What nice weather we have today! 今天天气真好！ （2）how引导的感叹句（中心词是形容词或副词） ·How+形容词(+主语+谓语)！ ·How+副词(+主语+谓语)！ How dirty your hands are! 你的手太脏啦！ How fast the boy is running! 那个男孩跑得真快！ 第三部分 基本句型 简单句的基本句型在近年来中考英语中没有直接考查，而且安徽中考英语中从没有叫学生分析句子结构的考核。但是词义辨析、非谓语动词的习惯用法、主谓一致等等都会涉及到句子结构，复合句的理解更是以简单句为基础，书面表达也需要学生能掌握简单句的基本结构，从而写出正确的句子。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓） 基本句型二： Ｓ +link-Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如： 1.Time flies. 2. Everybody laughed. 3. I woke very soon. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. He walked yesterday . 基本句型二：Ｓ +link-Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表） 此句型句子谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类： (1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。 (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. Everything looks different. 4. He is tall and strong. 5. The weather became warmer. 基本句型三：Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 1. Who knows the answer? 2. She laugh at her. 3. Danny likes donuts. 基本句型四：Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 1. She passed him a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. He bought her nothing. 4. I gave him a hand. 5. I told me how to run the machine. 基本句型五：Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 1. We keep the table clean. 2. They call supper dinner. 3. What makes him sad? 4. We saw him out. 5. He asked me to come back soon. 6. I saw them getting on the bus. 一、指出划线部分充当的成分 1. Whether we’ll go depend on the weather. 2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily. 3. That was how they were defeated. 4. The nursery takes good care of our children. 5. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow. 6. We are sure that we shall succeed. 7. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other. 8. There are many film that I’d like to see. 9. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ? 10. I have a lot of work to do. 11. Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it. 12. I said it in fun. 13. We can send a car over to fetch you. 14. She had to work standing up. 15. Seeing this, some comrades became very worried. 16. Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 17. The bus arrived ten minutes late. 18. We should serve the people heart and soul. 19. Spring coming on, the tree turned green. 20. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky. 21. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting. 22. It’s strange that she doesn’t come today. 23. It was in the library that I come today. 24. He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working. 25. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 【Keys】1、主语 2、谓语 3、表语 4、宾语 5、宾语 6、宾语 7、定语 8、定语 9、定语 10、定语 11、状语 12、状语 13、状语 14、状语 15、状语 16、状语 17、状语 18、状语 19、状语 20、宾补 21、宾语 22、主语 23、状语 24、状语 25、状语 二、完成句子 21．The emperor took the prime minister’s suggestion in the end. (对划线部分提问) did the emperor take in the end? 22．Marco Polo spread Chinese culture to Italy and other European countries. (变为一般疑问句) Marco Polo Chinese culture to Italy and other European countries? 23．He had plenty of friends when he was young. (变为否定句) He have friends when he was young. 24．He shut off his brain to enjoy the movie.（改为否定句） He off his brain to enjoy the movie. 25．坚持下去，就会成功。(完成译句) it and you’ll make it. 26．It may be Lucy’s notebook.（对划线部分提问） may it be? 27．We have been friends since 10 years ago. (对划线部分提问) have you been friends? 28．对于我这样的英语学习者来说，这是一个多么有用的方法啊！ it is for an English learner like me! 29．多么有用的讲座啊！我们学到了很多。 it is! We have learned a lot. 30．李华多么的乐于助人啊! Li Hua is! 【参考答案】 }21． Whose suggestion 【详解】句意：皇帝最终采纳了首相的建议。划线部分意为“首相的建议”，可知问句为“皇帝最终采纳了谁的建议”，疑问词用Whose，“谁的建议”用英语表达为Whose suggestion。故填Whose；suggestion。 22． Did spread 【详解】句意：马可·波罗将中国文化传播到意大利和其他欧洲国家。句子主语是Marco Polo，谓语是spread，所以句子时态为一般过去时。变为一般疑问句时需要借助助动词did，并且将did提前，spread的动词原形仍未spread，其余不变。故填Did；spread。 23． didn’t many 【详解】句意：他年轻时有很多朋友。根据“had”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。变为否定句时，需要借助助动词did的否定形式didn’t，had变为动词原形have。“friends”为可数名词复数，在否定句中plenty of通常用many代替。故填didn’t；many。 24． didn’t shut 【详解】句意：他放空大脑，享受电影。原句时态是一般过去时，借助助动词did+not构成否定句，后面动词用原形，故填didn’t；shut。 25． Stick to 【详解】对照中英文，设空处缺“坚持”，其英语表达为“stick to”，该句是祈使句，故谓语动词用动词原形。故填Stick；to。 26． Whose notebook 【详解】句意： 这可能是谁的笔记本？ 原句中的划线部分是“Lucy’s，Lucy的”，提问时需要使用疑问词“Whose”（谁的）来询问所属关系。因此，将“Lucy’s”替换为“Whose”，位于句首，字母w要大写，whose后用名词notebook。故填Whose；notebook。 27． How long 【详解】句意：我们自十年前以来就是朋友了。划线部分为时间段，要对其进行提问，应用How long“多久”，且句首首字母要大写。故填How；long。 28． What a useful method 【详解】此句是感叹句，中心词是可数名词单数“method”，用感叹句句式：what a/an adj. n.+主谓。useful“有用的”，以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填What；a；useful；method。 29． What a useful lecture 【详解】根据句子结构可知此句可译为感叹句，感叹句结构为What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!；“有用的”译为useful，是形容词，修饰lecture“讲座”，useful以辅音音素开头，所以用冠词a，“多么有用的讲座啊!”译为What a useful lecture。故填What；a；useful；lecture。 30．How helpful 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺少“多么的乐于助人”的表达，句子为感叹句，此句强调的是“乐于助人的”这一形容词，所以用“How+形容词+主语+谓语”的结构，helpful“乐于助人的”，形容词。故填How helpful。 三、按要求完成句子 1.我昨天收到了 一份礼物。 (S+V+O+A) 【答案】We received a gift yesterday. 2.我父亲将会给我买一台新手机。(S+V+IO+DO) 【答案】My father will buy me a new mobile phone. 3.他成为了一名科学家。 (S+V+C) 【答案】He has become a scientist. 4.这条消息让她开心了。 (S+V+O+C) 【答案】The news made her happy. 5. 凯特给他送去许多书。 (S+V+DO+IO) 【答案】Kate sent many books to him. 6. 我不知道该做什么？（S+V+O） 【答案】I don’t know what to do. 四、单项选择 1．—This dress looks beautiful. ________ did you buy it? —I bought it online. A．What B．Where C．Why D．When 2．—________ will the astronauts (宇航员) of Shenzhou-19 stay in space (太空)? —About six months. A．How long B．How far C．How many D．How much 3．________ beautiful flower that I found in the garden this morning! A．What a B．How a C．What D．How 4．________ fantastic discoveries the biologist has made in these years! A．How B．What an C．What a D．What 5．—________ honey do you need for your drink? —Three spoons. A．How many B．How much C．How far D．How long 6．—________ do you go to the gym? —Three times a week. A．How much B．How long C．How many D．How often 7．Students ______ to swim in the river or lake because it’s dangerous. A．aren’t allowed B．allowed C．don’t allow D．are allowed 8．Jack ______ lunch at school. He ______ lunch at home. A．don’t have; have B．doesn’t have; has C．don’t have; has D．doesn’t have; have 9．She ________ the homework today. She can do it tomorrow. A．needn’t to finish B．doesn’t need finish C．needs not finish D．doesn’t need to finish 10．I’m waiting for my friend. ________, I’ll go shopping alone. A．If she comes B．If she doesn’t come C．If she won’t come D．If she will come 11．Can you say it again? I ________ you. A．didn’t catch B．don’t catch C．doesn’t catch D．isn’t catch 12．— There are so many cars in the street at rush hours, ______ there? — Yes, to keep safe, we should avoid ______ this street too hurriedly. A．are, to cross B．aren’t, to cross C．are, crossing D．aren’t, crossing 13．— ______ is it from our school to Dapeng Fortress (大鹏所城)? — It’s about ______ drive. A．How far, two-hour B．How long, two-hour C．How far, two hours’ D．How long, two hours’ 14．The new medicine will have a good effect on his illness, ________? A．won’t it B．isn’t it C．hasn’t it D．didn’t it 15．—Do you like listening to music or playing tennis? —________. It makes me relaxed. A．Yes, I like listening to music B．No, I like playing tennis C．Listening to music 16．—________ movie do you prefer, You Only Live Once (热辣滚烫) or Chang An (长安三万里)? —Chang An. I like cartoons best. A．Why B．Where C．Which D．Whose 17．—Are you going to buy the green skirt or the blue one? —________. Green is always my first choice. A．Yes, I am B．No, I’m not C．The green one D．The blue one 18．Be patient with these teenagers! Give them more time, ______ they will find the answer to the question on their own. A．but B．or C．and D．so 19．Let’s hurry up, ________ we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety. A．or B．so C．and D．but 20．________ Kate to take part in the activity so that we can go there together. A．Tell B．Telling C．Told D．Tells 1．B 【详解】句意：——这件连衣裙看起来很漂亮。你在哪里买的？——我在网上买的。 考查特殊疑问句。What什么；Where在哪里；Why为什么；When什么时候。根据答语“I bought it online.”可知，此处询问对方在哪里买的这件连衣裙，B项符合。故选B。 2．A 【详解】句意：——神舟十九号的宇航员将在太空停留多久？——大约六个月。 考查特殊疑问句。How long表示多长时间，用于询问时长；How far表示多远，用于询问距离；How many表示多少，用于询问可数名词数量；How much表示多少，用于询问不可数名词数量。根据答句“About six months.”可知，此处询问宇航员在太空待的时长，应选择how long提问。故选A。 3．A 【详解】句意：今天早上我在花园里发现了一朵多么漂亮的花啊！ 考查感叹句。beautiful为形容词，flower为可数名词单数，用what引导感叹句，结构为what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语。故选A。 4．D 【详解】句意：生物学家这些年取得了多么惊人的发现！ 考查感叹句。根据“fantastic discoveries the biologist has made in these years!”可知是感叹句。在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词。本句中fantastic是形容词，discoveries是可数名词复数，主语和谓语是the biologist has made，故应是“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主谓!”的结构。故选D。 5．B 【详解】句意：——你的饮料需要多少蜂蜜？——三勺。 考查特殊疑问句。How many多少，后加可数名词复数；How much多少，后加不可数名词；How far多远；How long多长。根据“Three spoons.”可知，此处应问数量，指你的饮料需要多少蜂蜜；“honey”为不可数名词，因此应用How much。故选B。 6．D 【详解】句意：——你多久去一次体育馆？——一周三次。 考查特殊疑问句。how much多少（钱），询问价格或不可数名词的数量；how long多长时间，询问时长；how many多少，询问可数名词的数量；how often多久一次，询问频率。根据回答“Three times a week.”可知，此处询问频率。故选D。 7．A 【详解】句意：学生们不被允许在河里或湖里游泳，因为太危险了。 考查被动语态。根据“Students … to swim in the river or lake because it’s dangerous.”可知，学生们不被允许在河或湖里游泳，该句是陈述事实，所以用一般现在时被动语态“am/is/are+动词过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用are，否定式在be动词后加not，故选A。 8．B 【详解】句意：杰克不在学校吃午饭。他在家吃午饭。 考查主谓一致。前一句中的主语“Jack”是第三人称单数，故一般现在时的否定句中助动词用doesn’t，后跟动词原形，可排除AC两项；后一句中的主语“He”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式，have的第三人称单数形式为has。故选B。 9．D 【详解】句意：她今天不需要完成作业。她明天可以做。 考查动词短语及否定句。need to do sth.“需要做某事”，是固定词组，其中need为实义动词，否定句应借助助动词do，主语为“She”，所以D项符合。故选D。 10．B 【详解】句意：我在等我的朋友。如果她不来，我就一个人去买东西。 考查条件状语从句的时态。if引导的条件状语从句，时态上遵循“主将从现”原则，所以从句用一般现在时，排除C、D；根据“I’m waiting for my friend....I’ll go shopping alone.”可知，应是朋友不来的话，就一个人去买东西，所以用否定句。故选B。 11．A 【详解】句意：你能再说一遍吗？我没听懂。 考查否定句及时态。catch“听清楚，领会”为实义动词，此句为否定句，应借助助动词do；根据“Can you say it again?”可知，“没听懂”这件事情发生在过去，句子时态为一般过去时，A项符合。故选A。 12．D 【详解】句意：——在交通高峰期，这条街上有很多车，不是吗？——是的，为了安全，我们应该避免太匆忙地穿过街道。 考查反义疑问句及非谓语动词。根据“There are so many cars...”可知反义疑问句应用否定句形式，排除AC；avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，其后应接动名词作宾语。排除B。故选D。 13．C 【详解】句意：——从我们学校到大鹏所城有多远？——开车大约两小时。 考查特殊疑问句。How far多远，对距离提问；How long多久，对一段时间或长度提问。根据回答“It’s about...drive.”可知，此处是对距离提问，用How far。第二空“两小时的车程”可表达为two hours’ drive或a two-hour drive。故选C。 14．A 【详解】句意：新药对他的病会有很好的效果，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据“The new medicine will have a good effect on his illness”可知此处是反意疑问句，遵循“前肯后否”的原则，结合will，可知反问需用will+not，省略为won’t的形式。故选A。 15．C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢听音乐还是打网球？——听音乐。它让我觉得方放松。 考查选择疑问句。“Do you like listening to music or playing tennis?”是一个选择疑问句，只能选其一进行回答，选项C选择了“听音乐”，符合题意。故选C。 16．C 【详解】句意：——你更喜欢哪部电影，《热辣滚烫》还是《长安三万里》？——《长安三万里》。我最喜欢卡通片。 考查选择疑问句。Why为什么；Where哪里；Which哪个；Whose谁的。根据“movie do you prefer, You Only Live Once (热辣滚烫) or Chang An (长安三万里)”可知是指更喜欢哪部电影，故选C。 17．C 【详解】句意：——你打算买那条绿色的裙子还是那条蓝色的？——绿色的那个。绿色总是我的第一选择。 考查选择疑问句。根据“Are you going to buy the green skirt or the blue one?”可知，此句是选择疑问句，需要作出选择，排除选项A和B；结合“Green is always my first choice.”，喜欢绿色的裙子，故选C。 18．C 【详解】句意：对这些青少年保持耐心！给他们更多的时间，他们会自己找到问题的答案。 考查连词辨析。but但是；or否则；and那么；so所以。根据“they will find the answer to the question on their own”是“Give them more time”条件成立的结果可知，设空处前后构成顺承发展关系，应该用and连接。故选C。 19．A 【详解】句意：我们要赶紧了，不然我们参加关于消防安全的演讲就要迟到了。 考查从属连词辨析。or否则，不然；so因此；and并且；but但是。根据“Let’s hurry up”和“we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety”可知，要赶紧，不然就会迟到，用or连接。故选A。 20．A 【详解】句意：告诉凯特参加这个活动，这样我们就可以一起去那里了。 考查祈使句。so that引导状语从句，因此前一句是主句，用祈使句，动词原形位于句首。故选A。 53 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$