专题07 主从复合句 （讲练）-【上好课】2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（安徽专用）

专题07 主从复合句 （宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句） 主从复合句由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成，从句在复合句中充当一定成分。初中阶段要求重点掌握宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句的用法。 1. 考查类型判断：通过具体语境，考查学生对从句类型的判断能力，如判断是状语从句还是宾语从句等。 2. 引导词选择：在具体句子中，根据句子的逻辑关系和语境，考查学生对引导词的正确选择。 3. 综合运用：结合其他语法知识，如时态、语态、从句等，进行综合考查，要求学生能够正确运用状语从句完成句子表达。 1．（2024·安徽·中考真题）—Could you tell us ________ we can start a conversation with a foreigner? —Talking about weather is a good choice. A．how B．whether C．why D．when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我们如何与外国人开始对话吗？——谈论天气是个不错的选择。 考查宾语从句的引导词。how如何；whether是否；why为什么；when什么时候。根据“we can start a conversation with a foreigner”以及“Talking about weather is a good choice.”可知是如何与外国人开始对话，用how引导宾语从句。故选A。 2．（2023·安徽·中考真题）Our country will be much better for everyone in future ________ we all do something to help now. A．if B．before C．so that D．even though 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果我们现在都做些什么来帮助大家，我们的国家在未来会更好。 考查连词辨析。if如果；before在之前；so that以便；even though即使。根据“Our country will be much better for everyone in future … we all do something to help now”可知，空格后是前半句的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句，故选A。 3．（2022·安徽·中考真题）You won’t fully experience the culture of a foreign country ________ you go there in person. A．because B．unless C．as soon as D．as long as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非你亲自去那里，否则你不会完全体验外国的文化。 考查连词辨析。because因为；unless除非；as soon as一……就；as long as只要。“you go there in person”是“You won’t fully experience the culture of a foreign country”的否定条件，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。 4．（2020·安徽·中考真题）Our English teacher is nice and patient she is very strict with us. A．if B．as C．unless D．though 【答案】D 【详解】句意：尽管我们的英语老师对我们很严格，但是她很好也很有耐心。 考查连词辨析。if如果；as由于；unless除非；though尽管。根据句意，前文Our English teacher is nice and patient“我们的英语老师很好也很有耐心”，后文she is very strict with us“她对我们很严格”，可知，后文表让步关系，尽管她很严格，但是她很好也很有耐心，所以空格处填though。故选D。 5．（2019·安徽·中考真题）Our business won’t improve ____ we offer better service to our customers. A．because B．unless C．after D．since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非我们为顾客提供更好的服务，否则我们的生意就不会好转。because因为，引导原因状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句；after在…之后，引导时间状语从句；since自从，引导时间状语从句。根据主句Our business won’t improve以及从句中offer better service可知，从句中也应表示否定的意思，unless相当于if…not，“如果不”，符合句意，故选B。 6．（2013·安徽·中考真题）The rivers will become dirtier and dirtier ______ we take action to protect them. A．since B．if C．until D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：除非我们采取行动保护它们，否则河流会变得越来越脏。 考查连词辨析。since由于，自从……以来；if是否，如果； until直到；unless除非，如果不。根据“The rivers will become dirtier and dirtier...we take action to protect them.”可知，后一句是前一句的否定条件，应用unless来引导条件状语从句。故选D。 7．（2018·安徽·中考真题）Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own , ______ he is only four years old. A．if B．though C．for D．since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小杰克自己学会了做许多事情，尽管他只有四岁。A. if 如果；  B. though 尽管  C. for 因为，为了；  D. since自从；根据Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own , 和he is only four years old.之间是让步关系，所以用 though 引导让步状语从句；故选B 8．（2021·安徽·中考真题）—I’m not sure ________ my suggestion is helpful to you. —It certainly is. Every little bit helps. A．why B．how C．whether D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我不确定我的建议对你是否有帮助。——当然是。一点一滴都有帮助。 考查宾语从句。why为什么；how怎样；whether是否；where哪里。根据“I’m not sure … my suggestion is helpful to you”及“It certainly is”，可知，不确定是否有帮助，故选C。 9．（2019·安徽·中考真题）—I wonder ____ the students have a physical examination. —Once a year. A．how far B．how soon C．how long D．how often 【答案】D 【详解】句意：-我想知道学生们多长时间进行一次身体检查。-一年一次。how far多远，提问距离；how soon多久，多快；how long多长时间，对一段时间提问；how often多久一次，提问频率。根据下面的回答Once a year可知，这里问的是“学生们体检的频率”，故应选D。 10．（2018·安徽·中考真题）——I wonder  ______ Jane gets on so well with her classmates. ——Because she always cares much about others. A．whether B．how C．when D．why 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我想知道为什么简和她的同学相处的这么好。——因为她总是非常关心别人。A. whether 是否；   B. how 怎样；  C. when 什么时候；   D. why为什么；根据Because she always cares much about others可知问为什么；故选D 11．（2017·安徽·中考真题）—Do you know 　　 Ann goes to work every day? —Usually by underground. A．why B．how C．when D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道安每天怎么去上班吗？——通常是乘地铁。A. why为什么；B. how怎么；C. when什么时候；D.whether是否。结合回答可知是对出行方式的提问，所以应用how。故答案选B。 12．（2016·安徽·中考真题） —Look at the stone bridge! Do you know it was built? --In the1860s. It’s quite old. A．when B．how C．where D．why 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：句意：看那座石桥！你知道它是在什么时间被建造的吗？--在十九世纪六十年代。它相当古老了。A. when 什么时间，何时；B. how 怎么，如何；C. where 在哪里；D. why为什么。根据回答的是时间，故选A。 考点：考查连词。 13．（2014·安徽·中考真题）—It’s so late. Why not write the report tomorrow?  —But I don’t know _______ I can do it if not now. A．why B．when C．how D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这么晚了。为什么不明天写报告呢？——但我不知道我什么时候能做，如果不是现在。 考查宾语从句的连接词。why为什么；when什么时候；how怎样；where哪儿。根据“Why not write the report tomorrow?”和“But I don’t know...I can do it if not now”可知，此处表示不知道什么时候能写，用when引导宾语从句。故选B。 14．（2013·安徽·中考真题） I still remember the college and the teachers ________ I visited in London years ago. A．what B．who C．that D．which 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析：句意：我仍旧记得几年前去伦敦访问的大学和老师们。what一般不用于定语从句；who在定语从句中指人； that既可指人，也可指物；which指物。结合语境可知本句中先行词the college and the teachers中既有人，又有物，故只能用关系代词that，所以选C。 考点：考查关系代词。 15．（2011·安徽·中考真题）Gina loves singers _______ write their own music. A．which B．who C．has worked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吉娜喜欢自己作曲的歌手。 考查定语从句的用法。根据后面write their own music “自己作曲”做定语修饰先行词singer“歌手”，而which一般引导定语从句修饰事物，who一般用于引导定语从句修饰人，本题用于修饰singers是人，因此空格处的关系代词为who，故选B。 一、宾语从句 宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。 中考考查重点： 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。 考向一：宾语从句连接词 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。 考向二：宾语从句语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 考向三、宾语从句时态 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。（主现从任） 2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态。（主过从过） 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态 二、定语从句 定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。 中考考查重点： 关系代词的用法； 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。 考向1 定语从句的关系副词 （关系副词不作重点讲） 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 考向2 关系代词的基本用法 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/that which/that/省略 The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。 The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。 关系代词 1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 3. 注意：(1) 关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 4. which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 5 注意：定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况： 定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况： (1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that” Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么吗？ (2)当先行词为all，any，much，many等词时，只能使用“that” Tom told her mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that” This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。 (4)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能使用“that” He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 (5)当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that” This will be the last chance that he can get. 这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。 He is the only person that can help you out. 他是唯一能帮你的人。 (6)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that” They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。 (7)当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that” Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday? 哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的？ 三、状语从句 考向一、状语从句的概说和分类 一、状语从句概述 定义 状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。 位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。 分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。 作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。 考向二、 状语从句的连接词 概念：在复合句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句一般修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。 功能：九大状语从句分别表示（时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、比较） 等意义。 位置：位置灵活，可用于主句之前或之后。 No. 1 时间状语从句 1．when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。译为“当……时；在……期间”。 while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……” 2. 比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是＂做某事直至某时＂，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是＂直至某时才做某事＂。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句：She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 3．before与since引导的时间状语从句 (1) before与since的常用句式。 连词 常用句式 before It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 过……时间才…… It will not be/was not long＋before ... 不久就会/没多久就…… It was＋时间段＋before ... 过了……(时间)才…… since It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用一般过去时) It was＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用过去完成时) It will be half a year before I come back. (……之后才……) 我半年之后才会来。 It won’t be long before we meet again.（不久就......） 用不了多久我们就会再见面。 It was three days before he came back.（过了......才......） 过了三天他才会来。 (2) since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动词所表示的动作开始时算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。 It’s three years since he joined the army.(自从......多久了......) 自从他参军已经三年了。 It's two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。 It's three years since we lived here. 我们不住在这里有三年了。 (3) “It be＋时间状语＋that＋其他”构成强调句型，意思是“正是在某一时间发生了某事”。 It was at eight o'clock that we got home. 正是在八点我们到了家。 (4)“It be＋时间点＋when从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间”，it指代时间。 It was six o'clock when we got home. 当我们到家的时候六点了。 4．till, until和not ... until引导的时间状语从句 (1) “延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till”表示“动作延续到……为止”。 We walked along the river until/till it was dark. 我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。 (2) “瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till”表示“直到……才发生”。 He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him. 直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。 No. 2 条件状语从句 1．if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if ... not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。 You'll fail the exam unless you study hard(＝if you don't study hard)． 除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。 2．in case, on condition that等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。 In case there is a fire, what will we do first? 万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？ They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. 他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。 3．as long as(＝so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。 As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed. 你只要不灰心，就会成功。 4．在“祈使句＋and/or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。 Run faster and you'll catch the bus. 跑快点，你就会赶上公共汽车的。 Work hard, otherwise you'll fail. 努力干，要不你就会失败的。 5．if only “如果……就好了”和only if “只有”也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当only if置于句首时，主句部分倒装。 If only I were as clever as you. 我要是像你一样聪明就好了。 Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom. 学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。 No. 3 让步状语从句 1．although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句 (1) as引导的从句必须用倒装语序： 表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。 Child as/though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars. 尽管他是孩子，但他能辨认出所有车的名字。 Much as/though I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive. 虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。 （2）though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装； （√）Smart though/as she is， she doesn't study hard. （√）Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。 （√）He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money. 虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。 (3) though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。 He said he would come； he didn't，though. 他说他会来，可是没有来。 (4) while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。 While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。 2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句 even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。 Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise. 蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。 3．“疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句 wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋­ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。 It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。 Whatever(＝No matter what) you say, he won't believe you. 无论你说什么，他都不会相信你。 Whoever you are (＝No matter who you are), you must obey the rules. 无论你是谁，都要遵守规则。 4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。 All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。 Whether she comes here or we go there, the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged. 不管是她来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的话题都不会变。 No. 4 地点状语从句 地点状语从句是指在复合句中作地点状语的从句，表示空间关系，可置于句首、句中或句末，通常由从属连词where, wherever等引导。 We should go where the Party needs us most. 我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。 You are free to go wherever you like. 你愿意去哪里就去哪里。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire. 无火不生烟。(无风不起浪) No. 5 目的状语从句 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (以防)，lest等。 1．so that与in order that 这两个连词都表示“为了，以便”，引导的目的状语从句常与情态动词can, could，may, might等连用。in order that引导的从句可以置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 I am studying hard so that/in order that I can enter a famous university. 为了能上一所名牌大学，我一直努力学习。 In order that we could save time we used the computer. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。(此时不可使用so that) 2．for fear that表示“生怕，以免”，in case表示“以防”。 Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity should leak away. 电池应该放在干燥的地方，以免漏电。 I'll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind. 我给你留个座位，没准儿你会改变主意。 No. 6 原因状语从句 1．引导原因状语从句的连词主要有：because, as, since等。并列连词for也可表示原因。每个连词的含义不尽相同。 连词 位置 内涵 语气 回答why 被强调 because(因为) 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能 as (由于) 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能 since/now that(既然) 通常位于主句前 for(因为) 位于句后 用于补充说明的原因 弱 不能 不能 He was criticized by the teacher, because he was late for class. 因为他迟到了，老师批评了他。 I can't go with you, as I have a lot of work to do. 我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。 Since everyone is here, we can begin our discussion. 既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。 2．when(既然)，也可以引导原因状语从句。 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes. 既然步行5分钟就能到那里，你却去乘出租汽车，真够愚蠢的。 3.其他词引导的原因状语从句 seeing that (鉴于，由于)，considering that (考虑到)， in that(因为)， now that既然， given that考虑到， for the reason that因为， Now that you are a high school student, you are responsible for what you do. 既然是高中生了，你就要为你的行为负责。 Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们，我们现在没有理由来帮助他。 Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。 No. 7 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有so that, so ... that ... , such ... that ... 。 1．结构形式 There was so little food at home that we had to go out to buy some. 家里快没食物了，我们只好出去买一些。 Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. →Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。 He has made such rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher three times a day. 他取得了如此快的进步，以致老师一天表扬了他三次。 No. 8 比较状语从句 1．as ... as ...; not so/as ... as ...; the same ... as ... 表示相同程度的比较，肯定句用as ... as ...，否定句可用not as ... as或not so ... as。 He doesn't run so/as fast as Jack (does)． 他跑得不如杰克快。 2．than表示不同程度的比较，主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。 He is taller than any other student in our school 他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。 3．the＋比较级，the＋比较级，表示“越……就越……” The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 吃得越多，你将越胖。 一、单选题 第一部分 状语从句 1．“A white elephant” means something that is useless, ________ it may cost a lot of money. A．since B．until C．although D．unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“白象”指的是无用的东西，尽管它可能要花很多钱。 考查连词辨析。since由于，引导原因状语从句；until直到……才……，引导时间状语从句；although尽管，引导让步状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句。“something that is useless”与“it may cost a lot of money”是让步关系，用although引导让步状语从句，故选C。 2．Tom ________ the fence when Ben came over. A．paints B．is painting C．was painting D．will paint 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Tom正在刷栅栏，这时Ben过来了。 考查动词时态。根据“when Ben came over”可知，本句为when引导的时间状语从句，从句时态用了一般过去时，故主句描述过去某时正在进行的动作，需过去进行时，结构为was/were doing。故选C。 3．—Who will be the winner of the game show? —No one can know the result until it ________ tomorrow morning. A．will be announced B．will announce C．is announced D．announces 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——谁会是竞赛节目的获胜者？——直到明早宣布才有人知道结果。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。announce“宣布”，动词。not...until引导时间状语从句，主句包含现在时的情态动词can，所以从句采用一般现在时，从句主语it和动词announce之间是被动关系，所以空格处用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构是：am/is/are+动词过去分词，主语it表示单数，be动词用is，announce用过去分词announced。故选C。 4．________ I don’t know what to start with yet, ________ I will try my best to solve the problem. A．But; although B．Although; / C．Though; but D．Unless; or 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然我还不知道从什么开始，但我会尽力解决这个问题。 考查连词辨析。but但是；although虽然；though虽然；unless除非；or或者。根据“...I don’t know what to start with yet...I will try my best to solve the problem.”可知前后两句是让步关系，用although/though引导让步状语从句，且不能和but连用。故选B。 5．_________ Steve has failed many times, he is always full of hope for the future. A．Since B．If C．Though D．When 【答案】C 【详解】句意：尽管史蒂夫已经失败了很多次, 但他对未来总是充满希望。 考查连词辨析。Since自……以来；If如果；Though尽管；When当……时。根据“...Steve has failed many times, he is always full of hope for the future.”可知前后两句的关系式让步关系，用though引导让步状语从句。故选C。 6．It is ________ fine weather today that there are so many people playing in the park. A．so B．very C．too D．such 【答案】D 【详解】句意：今天天气很好，公园里有很多人在玩。 考查such的用法。so...that表示“如此……以致于”，中心词为形容词；very非常；too也；such+名词短语+that“如此……以致于”。结合“fine weather”可知此处是名词短语，所以此处用such。故选D。 7．Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed. A．because B．until C．unless D．though 【答案】D 【详解】句意：虽然历史无法改变，但我们可以吸取教训，面对未来。 考查连词辨析。because因为，引导原因状语从句；until直到……为止，引导时间状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句；though虽然，引导让步状语从句。根据“Lessons can be learned to face the future, ...history cannot be changed.”可知，“虽然”历史无法改变，但是我们可以吸取教训，面对未来。本句是though引导的让步状语从句。故选D。 8．Nobody can hear you ________ you speak in a louder voice. A．if B．unless C．because D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非你用更大的声音说话，否则没有人能听到你说的话。 考查连词。if如果；unless除非；because因为；but但是。根据“Nobody can hear you...you speak in a louder voice.”可知，应表达除非说话声音大一点，否则没人能听见，“you speak in a louder voice”为“Nobody can hear you”的否定条件，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。 9．More and more couples prefer ________ a second baby ________ their first child can feel less lonely. A．have; in order to B．to have; in order to C．have; so that D．to have; so that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：越来越多的夫妇想要第二个孩子，这样他们的第一个孩子就不会那么孤独。 考查非谓语动词以及连词辨析。in order to为了，后应接动词原形；so that“以便，为了”，后跟目的状语从句。根据“prefer”可知 ，prefer to do“更喜欢做某事”，因此此处应用不定式作宾语；根据“their first child can feel less lonely”可知，空后为从句，因此应用so that。故选D。 10．Her research paper isn’t up to standard ________ she has worked at it for two weeks. A．since B．unless C．has D．though 【答案】D 【详解】句意：她的研究论文没有达到标准，尽管她已经写了两个星期。 考查连词辨析。since自从；unless除非；has有，为动词；though尽管。根据“Her research paper isn’t up to standard...she has worked at it for two weeks”表达让步关系，应使用连词though引导让步状语从句，故选D。 11．There is only ten minutes left. We won’t get to the concert in time ________ we take a taxi. A．ever since B．even though C．so that D．as soon as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：只剩下10分钟了。我们即使打车也不能及时到达音乐会会场了。 考查从属连词辨析。ever since自从；even though尽管，即使；so that以便，因此；as soon as一……就……。根据“There is only ten minutes left.”可知，即使打车也不能及时赶到了，用even though引导让步状语从句。故选B。 12．—May I go to the cinema with you tonight? —I’m afraid not, ________ you have finished your homework. A．unless B．if C．until D．although 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——今晚我可以和你一起去看电影吗？——恐怕不行，除非你完成了作业。 考查连词辨析。unless除非；if如果；until直到；although尽管。根据“I’m afraid not, ...you have finished your homework.”可知，不完成作业就不能去看电影，应用unless引导条件状语从句。故选A。 13．________ COVID-19 is under control now, we still need to protect ourselves by wearing masks and washing hands often. A．Because B．Although C．Since D．But 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尽管现在COVID-19已经得到控制，我们仍然需要戴口罩和勤洗手来保护自己。 考查连词用法。Because因为；Although虽然；Since既然；But但是。根据“...COVID-19 is under control now, we still need to protect ourselves by wearing masks and washing hands often.”可知，空处需Although引导让步状语从句。故选B。 14．—Usually a dog won’t bite ________ it’s being attacked. —For everyone’s safety, I still insist it is necessary to put it on the lead. A．unless B．if C．when D．after 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——通常狗是不会咬人的，除非它受到攻击。——为了每个人的安全，我仍然坚持把它牵着是必要的。 考查连词辨析。unless除非；if如果；when当……时候；after在……之后。根据“Usually a dog won’t bite … it’s being attacked.”可知，此处是指除非被攻击，否则狗不会咬人，后句是前句的否定条件，应用unless引导条件状语从句。 15．The boy made ________ great progress in his study that we all felt surprised. A．so B．such C．very D．really 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个男孩在学习上取得了如此大的进步，我们都感到惊讶。 考查结果状语从句。so如此；such这样；very很；really真正地。根据“great progress in his study that we all …”可知，此处考查such +形容词+不可数名词+ that …“如此……的……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故选B。 16．— It’s impossible to finish the difficult task in a short time ________ both of us work hard on it. — No problem, let’s start! A．if B．but C．because D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——除非我们俩都努力工作，否则在这么短的时间内完成这项艰巨的任务是不可能的。——没问题，我们开始吧！ 考查连词辨析。if如果；but但是；because因为；unless除非。根据“It’s impossible to finish the difficult task in a short time...both of us work hard on it”可知，前后句构成条件关系，此处指除非两人都努力工作，否则很难完成，所以应用unless引导条件状语从句。故选D。 17．—Would you like to go fishing with us now, Frank? —Sorry. My parents won’t allow me to go out ________ I finish all my homework. A．if B．since C．unless D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——弗兰克，你现在想和我们一起去钓鱼吗？——对不起。除非我完成所有作业，否则我父母不允许我外出。 考查连词辨析。if如果；since自从；unless除非；when当。分析句子可知，后句是前句的否定条件，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。 18．—The library holds ________ many books ________ it may be difficult to choose the right one. Can you give me some advice? —Sure. Book reviews can help you decide if a book is for you. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．enough; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——图书馆藏书太多，可能很难选择合适的一本。你能给我一些建议吗？——当然。书评可以帮助你决定一本书是否适合你。 考查连词辨析。such…that如此……以至于……，such修饰名词；so…that如此……以至于……，so修饰形容词或副词；too…to太……而不能；enough…to足够……去。根据“The library holds …many books …it may be difficult to choose the right one.”可知，此处是指图书馆很多书以至于无法选择一本，且此处修饰形容词many，应用so。故选B。 19．—When shall we leave for Bencha Ancient Town? —________ we keep things on the desk in good order. A．Till B．Since C．Not until D．Whenever 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候动身去栟茶古镇？——直到我们把桌子上的东西收拾整齐。 考查连词。Till意为“直到”；Since意为“自从”；Not until意为“直到……才”；Whenever意为“无论何时”。根据“When shall we leave for Bencha Ancient Town?”可知是指直到我们把桌子上的东西收拾整齐，应用Not until位于句首，Till不能用于句首，故选C。 20．—What a boring trip! We did nothing but listen to the rain in the hotel. —Why didn’t you check the weather ________ you travelled? A．since B．until C．after D．before 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——多么无聊的旅行啊！我们在旅馆里除了听雨声什么也没做。——你旅行前为什么不查看一下天气？ 考查连词辨析。since自从；until直到；after在……之后；before在……之前。根据“Why didn’t you check the weather...you travelled”可知，应是在旅行前查看天气。故选D。 第二部分 宾语从句 21．—Do you know ________ after the exam? —Correct the mistakes immediately. A．what you should do B．what should you do C．when should you study D．when you should study 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道考后你应该做什么吗？——立即订正错误。 考查宾语从句。what you should do你应该做什么；when you should study你什么时候开始学习。根据宾语从句中的语序要用陈述语序，可排除B和C；根据“Correct the mistakes immediately.”可知，这应该是考后做的事情，提问用what来提问。故选A。 22．—Mum’s birthday is coming. I want to give her a surprise, but I don’t know ________. —Just think about her hobbies. A．how can I make it B．how I can make it C．when can I make it D．when I can make it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈的生日快到了。我想给她一个惊喜，但我不知道该怎么做。——就想想她的爱好。 考查宾语从句。根据“I don’t know...”及选项可知，此处考查宾语从句，从句的语序需要使用陈述句语序，因此排除A和C；根据“Just think about her hobbies.”可知，此处指不知道怎么给妈妈一个惊喜。故选B。 23．—I’m wondering ________ at a low price? —You can book one through our official app. A．when I can buy the air ticket B．when can I buy the air ticket C．how I can buy the air ticket D．how can I buy the air ticket 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想知道怎样才能买到便宜的机票。——你可以通过这个官方应用程序预订。 考查宾语从句。根据“I’m wondering ...”可知，此处为宾语从句，应该用陈述语序，故排除B、D项。根据答语“You can book one through this official app.”可知，上句是询问怎样才能买到便宜的机票，用how引导宾语从句。故选C。 24．Sandy, do you still remember ________ the Palace Museum? A．when we visit B．when do we visit C．when we visited D．when did we visit 【答案】C 【详解】句意：桑迪，你还记得我们参观故宫的时候吗？ 考查宾语从句。根据“do you still remember … the Palace Museum”可知，空处应为宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，即引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他，因此排除B、D项；主句谓语动词为一般现在时，因此从句可根据实际需要用任意时态，结合语境可知，故宫已经参观过了，因此应用一般过去时。故选C。 25．— Kate, I’m going to a party tonight. Could you please tell me ________? —With pleasure. Wait a moment, please. A．how I can order a taxi online B．that I should take some flowers C．what should I pay attention to D．if the skirt looks nice on me 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Kate，我今晚要去参加一个聚会。你能告诉我如何在网上叫出租车吗？——我很乐意。请稍等。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除C选项；Could you please tell me后不接that引导的从句，排除B选项；根据回答“With pleasure”可知是在请求帮助而不是询问意见，A项“我如何网上叫出租车”符合，故选A。 26．The teacher asked the students ________. A．that they had planted trees B．when was Spud Webb born C．what they will do with the computers D．if they were interested in dinosaurs 【答案】D 【详解】句意：老师问学生们是否对恐龙感兴趣。 考查宾语从句的语序及时态。宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除B；根据asked，可知主句是一般过去时，从句也应该相应用过去时形式，排除C；ask含有疑问的语气，用if引导。故选D。 27．—What did the manager say after the meeting?    —She asked me ________. A．how did I deal with the problem B．if can I finish the work on time C．what I do for the yesterday’s project D．why I was late for the meeting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——会议结束后经理问了你什么？——她问我开会为什么迟到了。 考查宾语从句。根据答语“She asked me”可知，该句是宾语从句，主句是过去时，从句也应该是过去时，排除C选项；宾语从句应该使用陈述语序，排除选项A，B。故选D。 28．—The novel The Little Prince is very interesting. Many students enjoy reading it. —So it is. Could you tell me ________? A．how long I can borrow it B．if I can keep it for another week C．when should I return it D．whether I could borrow it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——《小王子》这本小说很有趣。许多学生喜欢读它。  ——没错。你能告诉我是否可以再借一个星期吗？ 考查宾语从句语序及时态。how long I can borrow it我可以借多久；if I can keep it for another week是否我能再借一个星期；when should I return it我应该什么时候还；whether I could borrow it我是否能借它。特殊疑问句变宾语从句时，语序应用陈述句语序，其结构为“特殊疑问词+陈述句语序”，故排除C；且选项A中“borrow借”为瞬间动词，不能与一段时间“how long多久”连用，故排除A；问句“Could you tell me…”表示委婉的语气，再结合语境可知，该宾语从句中的时态应为一般现在时，故排除D。故选B。 29．—I ordered a pair of new jeans online and I wonder ________.  —In two days? Maybe not until next week. A．how soon can they be sent to me here B．when they could be sent to me here C．when could they be sent to me here D．how soon they can be sent to me here 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我在网上订购了一条新牛仔裤，我想知道何时能送到我这里。——两天后？也许要到下周。 考查宾语从句用法。根据“I wonder...”可知，空处为宾语从句，需陈述句式，故排除选项A和C；根据“In two days.”可知，需How soon为宾语从句引导词，表示“多久”，常用于将来时。故选D。 30．It’s a pity that I missed the fourth Tiangong Class! Could you tell me ________? A．how long did the class last B．which country are they from C．which channel was it covered live D．who was the teacher this time 【答案】D 【详解】句意：很遗憾，我错过了第四次天宫课堂！你能告诉我这次的老师是谁吗？ 考查宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me”并结合选项可知，此处考查宾语从句，从句应使用陈述句语序，故排除A、B、C；D项中who作从句的主语，was是系动词，the teacher作表语，符合陈述句语序。故选D。 31．—I ________ your father agreed to sell the house. —Well, to my surprise, he agreed without hesitation, ________ it was against his own wishes. A．think；because B．think；since C．don't think；though D．don't think；when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我认为你的父亲不同意卖房子。——嗯，使我吃惊的是，他毫不犹豫地同意了，尽管那是违背他的意愿的。 本题考查think的句式和连词的用法。第一空，根据 to my surprise, he agreed without hesitation可知第一个句子的句意。否定前移，应填don't think，故排除A和B；第二空，从后面的it was against his own wishes可知前后意思表示转折。应填though，故排除D，故选A。 32．Black asked me, “Why haven’t you left here yet?” Black asked me why ________ yet. A．I hadn’t left there B．I haven’t left here C．hadn’t I left there D．haven’t I left here 【答案】A 【详解】句意：布莱克问我，“你为什么还没有离开这里？” 考查直接引语和间接引语。“Black asked me why … yet.”是宾语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态；原直接引语“Why haven’t you left here yet?”的时态为现在完成时，故变间接引语要用过去完成时，排除B、D项；宾语从句中从句语序是陈述句语序。故选A。 33．She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time?” She asked whose house ________ break into ________. A．will he；next time B．would he；the next time C．he would；the next time D．he will；next time 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她问：“下次他会闯入谁家？” 考查间接引语。根据英语语法，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，A、B选项可排除。根据主过从必过的原则，主句为一般过去时，从句时态也应用过去时的一种。故选C。 34．—Excuse me, do you know _________ some medicine? —Sure. In that supermarket. A．where I can buy B．where can I buy C．how I can buy D．how can I buy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你知道我在哪里可以买到药吗？——当然。在那家超市里。 考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BD；根据“In that supermarket.”可知此处询问在哪里买药，用where引导宾语从句。故选A。 35．—Do you know ______? —Oh, he was short and thin, but he is different now. A．what he used to look like B．what did he use to look like C．what does he look like D．what he look like 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道他过去长什么样子吗？——哦，他过去又矮又瘦，但是现在不一样了。 考查宾语从句。根据答句“he was short and thin, but he is different now.”可知，上文询问的是过去的长相，故用used to表示“过去怎么样”，排除CD选项；根据问句，此处宾语从句应该用陈述语序，排除B选项。故选A。 36．—Hi, Zhang Ke. I want to know ________. —You can help to hand out some notices. A．when School Day is B．who can come to School Day C．why we hold School Day D．what I can do for School Day 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——嗨，张珂。我想知道我在校庆当天能做些什么。——你可以帮忙分发一些通知。 考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，根据“You can help to hand out some notices.”可知此处询问可以做些什么，用what引导宾语从句。故选D。 37．—Mr. Wang, can you tell me ________? —Because she has gone abroad for further study. A．when Millie came back B．where does Millie live C．why Millie isn’t here D．what Millie is doing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——王先生，你能告诉我为什么米莉不在这里吗？——因为她出国深造了。 考查宾语从句。when Millie came back米莉什么时候回来；where does Millie live米莉住在哪里；why Millie isn’t here为什么米莉不在这里；what Millie is doing米莉正在做什么。根据答句“Because she has gone abroad for further study.”可知，问句是在询问米莉不在这里的原因，故选C。 38．—Could you please tell me ________ buy a magazine? —There is a bookstore on the third floor. A．how I can B．which I can C．when I can D．where I can 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我哪里可以买到杂志吗？——三楼有一家书店。 考查宾语从句的引导词。how如何；which哪一个；when什么时候；where哪里。根据“There is a bookstore on the third floor.”可知此处询问在哪里可以买到杂志，用where引导宾语从句。故选D。 39．—Hi, Alexia. Here is a letter for you. —Thanks. I wonder ________. A．where was the letter from B．why someone will know my address C．whether the letter was from my pen pal D．how did you get the letter 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——嗨，Alexia。这有一封你的信。——谢谢。我想知道这封信是否来自我的笔友。 考查宾语从句。根据“I wonder...”可知，宾语从句需要用陈述句语序，A项和D项均为疑问句语序，B项意思不符合语境。故选C。 40．Can you imagine ________ life would be like without the internet? A．what B．when C．how D．whether 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你能想象没有互联网生活会是什么样子吗？ 考查宾语从句。what什么；when什么时候；how怎么；whether是否。imagine后接宾语从句，从句中的like意为“像”，是介词，填入的词作其宾语，表达“……的样子”，“what life would be like”意为“生活会是什么样子”，符合语境。故选A。 第三部分 定语从句 41．The boy with ________ John is talking is my elder brother. A．whom B．who C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：和约翰说话的那个男孩是我哥哥。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是The boy，关系词在从句中作介词with的宾语，用此处用whom引导定语从句。故选A。 42．Mike is a friendly boy ________ likes to go out and meet new people all the time. A．who B．which C．what D．when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Mike是一个友好的男孩，总是喜欢出去认识新朋友。 考查定语从句关系词。who关系代词，指代人，在从句中作主语；which关系代词，指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；when关系副词，指代时间，在从句中作状语。句子先行词是“boy”，指代人，且在从句中作主语，应用who引导定语从句，故选A。 43．—What kind of writer do you like ? —I like writers ________ explain things well. A．who B．whom C．whose D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么样的作家？——我喜欢能很好地解释事物的作家。 考查定语从句引导词。who谁，先行词是人，在定语从句中充当主语；whom谁，先行词是人，在定语从句中充当宾语；whose谁的，先行词是人或物，在定语从句中充当定语；what不能引导定语从句。空格处到well位于名词writers后，此句为定语从句。先行词为writers“作家”，且空格处在从句中位于动词explain前作主语。故选A。 44．—What kind of music do you like, Cindy? —Well, I prefer music ________ has great lyrics. A．what B．who C．how D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Cindy，你喜欢什么类型的音乐？——嗯，我更喜欢歌词优美的音乐。 考查定语从句引导词。根据“I prefer music ... has great lyrics.”可知，本句是定语从句，先行词是music，且在从句中作主语，用that/which引导定语从句。故选D。 45．—Hi, Tony. Don’t you remember me? —Yes, Scott. I will never forget the day ________ we spent in the old town with small houses. A．who B．when C．what D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——嗨，托尼。你不记得我了吗？——是的，斯科特。我永远不会忘记我们在老城区小房子里度过的那一天。 考查定语从句。who指人，引导定语从句时，在句子中作主语或宾语；when指时间，引导定语从句时，在句子中作状语；what什么，不能引导定语从句；that引导定语从句时，先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。先行词是“the day”，在定语从句中作“spent”的宾语，因此使用关系代词“that”来引导定语从句。故选D。 46．Li Ming says he loves singers ______ their own music. A．which write B．that writes C．who write D．who writes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：李明说他喜欢自己创作音乐的歌手。 考查定语从句和主谓一致。分析句子可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是singers，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that引导定语从句，此处关系词指代singers，在从句中作主语，谓语动词用原形。故选C。 47．—What’s on TV now? —The remains of 25 Chinese soldiers ________ died in the 1950-1953 Korean War arrive back their motherland. It is covered live. A．which B．who C．what D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——电视上现在在播什么？——在1950年至1953年朝鲜战争中牺牲的25名中国军人的遗骸回到祖国。正在进行现场直播。 考查定语从句。先行词是“soldiers”，指人，定语从句中缺少主语成分，因此用关系代词“who”引导。故选B。 48．—Your father’s birthday is coming soon, Liu Tao. What’s your surprise for your father? —The first thing ________ I will do is to make a card for him. A．who B．where C．whose D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——刘涛，你父亲的生日快到了。你打算给父亲什么惊喜？——我要做的第一件事就是为他做一张卡片。 考查定语从句的关系词。who关系代词，代指人；where关系代词，代指地点；whose关系代词，谁的；that关系代词，代指人或物。根据“The first thing”可知，先行词被序数词修饰，在从句中作宾语，所以关系代词用that。故选D。 49．Jackie Chan is an actor ________ is famous for his Chinese kung fu in the action movies. A．which B．whom C．whose D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：成龙是一位以动作片中的中国功夫而闻名的演员。 考查关系代词。which先行词是物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom先行词是人，在从句中作宾语；whose用来指人或物，用作定语；who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。句子主语是“Jackie Chan”，后面的定语从句需要一个关系代词来引导，指代“Jackie Chan”并在从句中作主语，故用“who”合适。故选D。 50．The nurse ________ is looking after the old man is Tom’s sister. A．which B．who C．what D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：正在照顾那位老人的护士是汤姆的妹妹。 考查限制性定语从句关系词。which关系代词，先行词是物，且在从句中作主语、宾语；who关系代词，先行词是人，且在从句中作主语；what什么，不能引导定语从句；whom关系代词，先行词是人，在定语从句中作宾语。根据题干可知从句的先行词是“The nurse”，指人，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选B。 51．“Underground” is the only word in the English language ________ begins and ends with the letters “und”. A．what B．that C．who D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“Underground”是英语中唯一一个以“und”开头和结尾的单词。 考查关系代词。该句是定语从句，此处先行词word被the only来修饰，故只能用关系代词that来引导。故选B。 52．They like the biggest tree ________ can keep us cool under it. A．that B．which C．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们喜欢那棵最大的树，它能让我们在下面保持凉爽。 考查定语从句。that在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语，先行词是人或物；which在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语，先行词是物；who在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语，先行词是人。本句中的先行词是tree，表示物，被形容词最高级修饰时，用that引导。故选A。 53．—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV? —Sure. It’s a great TV program ________ brings the habit of reading back into the public. A．who B．that C．what D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——您喜欢中央电视台每周播出的谈话节目《朗读者》吗？——当然。这是一个很棒的电视节目，它让公众重新养成了阅读的习惯。 考查定语从句。who谁；that在定语从句中无实意；what什么。分析句子可知，此处先行词为“program”，指的是物，从句部分缺少主语，应用that或which引导定语从句。故选B。 54．We should remember those ________ lost their lives for our country. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该记住那些为国捐躯的人。 考查定语从句。who谁，先行词为人，在句中充当主语、宾语和表语；whom谁，先行词为人，在句中充当宾语；which哪一个，先行词为物，在句中充当主语、宾语和表语；what不能引导定语从句。根据“We should remember those … lost their lives for our country.”可知，空格处为定语从句引导词，故排除选项D；此先行词“those”指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who来引导。故选A。 55．Wechat is a useful APP ________ can help people talk to friends and share photos freely. A．/ B．who C．that D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：微信是一个有用的APP，可以帮助人们自由地与朋友交谈和分享照片。 考查定语从句。题干中的“APP”是先行词，指物，在从句中作主语，因此用“that”或“which”均可，故选C。 56．Michael wants to be an astronaut like Yang Liwei ________ is the first Chinese astronaut to step in space. A．who B．whose C．which D．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：迈克尔想成为像杨利伟那样的宇航员，杨利伟是第一个进入太空的中国宇航员。 考查定语从句。who谁；whose谁的；which哪一个；where在哪里。分析句子可知，先行词“Yang Liwei”指人，且在从句中作主语，关系词应用who。故选A。 57．—Who is the middle-aged man with sunglasses in the corner? —He is a personal friend ________ I’ve known for many years. A．which B．whose C．whom D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——角落里戴墨镜的中年男人是谁？——他是我认识多年的私人朋友。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是friend，关系词在从句中作宾语，用whom引导定语从句。故选C。 58．I prefer the music ________ is quiet and gentle. A．who B．that C．what D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我更喜欢安静而轻柔的音乐。 考查定语从句。分析句子，可知该句是定语从句，先行词是“music”，当先行词是物时连接词可以用that或者which，故选B。 59．The dragon is the only animal _________ isn’t real among the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac (生肖). A．that B．which C．who D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：龙是中国十二生肖中唯一不真实的动物。 考查定语从句的关系词。that那个；which哪个；who谁；what什么。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，“the only”修饰先行词animal，关系代词应用that。故选A。 60．Although my grandfather is over 90 years old, he still remembers the people ________ he met when he was young. A．who B．when C．where D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然我的祖父已经90多岁了，但他仍然记得他年轻时遇到的那些人。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词是“the people”，从句中缺少主语，指人，应用who引导定语从句。故选A。 二、完成句子 1．我很好奇你习惯于以这种方式和他相处有多久了。 I am wondering him in this way. 【答案】how long you have been used to getting on with/how long you have been used to getting along with 【详解】结合中英文对照，英文句子缺乏“你习惯于”和“和他相处有多久了”。分析句子wonder后是宾语从句，宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，其结构是“连接代词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分”。再结合句意，英文句子的时态是现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语是you，因此要用助动词have。多久：how long；你：you；习惯于做某事：be used to doing sth.，be在have后要变为过去分词been；和某人相处：get on/along with sb.。故填how long you have been used to getting on with/how long you have been used to getting along with。 2．你能告诉我这辆新能源车的质量是否达标吗? Can you tell me the new energy car ? 【答案】 whether the quality of/if the quality of is up to standard 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，本句是含if/whether“是否”引导的宾语从句的主从复合句；the quality of“……的质量”；be up to standard“达标”来表达，根据主句“Can you tell me”可知，从句时态也用一般现在时，从句中主语是the quality，be动词要用is。故填whether/if the quality of；is up to standard。 3．你对十年以后中国是什么样感到好奇吗？ Are you ? 【答案】curious about what China will be like in 10 years 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，be curious about“对……好奇”，后接what引导的宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，what China will be like“中国将是什么样”，in 10 years“十年后”。故填curious about what China will be like in 10 years。 4．Tony asked me, “Do you help your parents with the housework on weekends?”（改为同义句） Tony asked me I my parents with the house work on weekdays. 【答案】 if/whether helped 【详解】句意：托尼问我：“周末的时候你有帮父母做家务吗？”直接引语部分为一般疑问句，可改为if或whether引导的宾语从句，从句采用陈述语序，主语谓语动词为asked，从句的时态遵循“主过从必过”的原则，从句谓语也应用其过去式。故填if/whether；helped。 5．我不确定这本带有强烈地方特色的书是否有持久的价值。 I am not sure . 【答案】if the book with strong local colour has a lasting value/whether the book with strong local colour has a lasting value 【详解】对照中英文可知缺少“这本带有强烈地方特色的书是否有持久的价值”。分析句子可知此处应是宾语从句，用if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句；“这本书”the book，“有持久的价值”have a lasting value，时态是一般现在时，动词用has；“有强烈地方特色的”作后置定语修饰the book，置于the book后，“有”with，“强烈的地方色彩”strong local colour。故填if the book with strong local colour has a lasting value##whether the book with strong local colour has a lasting value。 6．I wondered the date for the conference call. （保持句意基本不变） I wondered have the conference call. 【答案】 when to 【详解】句意：我想知道电话会议的日期。改为同义句，根据“I wondered...have the conference call.”可知，应用疑问词+to do结构做宾语，即when to have the conference call。故填when；to。 7．Where can I get some stamps? Do you know? (同义句转换) Do you know I get some stamps? 【答案】 where can 【详解】句意：我在哪里可以得到一些邮票？你知道吗？合并为一句，可以表达为“你知道我可以在哪里买到邮票吗？”，用连接词where引导宾语从句，从句语序为陈述句语序，宾语从句主语为I，情态动词can置于主语后。故填where；can。 8．“Do you like English?” he asked me. (改为宾语从句) He asked me I English. 【答案】 if/whether liked 【详解】句意：“你喜欢英语吗？”他问我。直接引语是一般疑问句，将直接引语改为间接引语的宾语从句时，用连词if/whether“是否”引导，保留陈述句语序。结合主句“He asked me”可知，为一般过去时，所以宾语从句也用一般过去时，like变为liked。故填if/whether；liked。 9．Did the old man use to be a teacher? I wondered. (合并为一句话) I wondered the old man to be a teacher. 【答案】 if/whether used 【详解】句意：这位老人以前是一位老师吗？我想知道。合并成一句话时，可用宾语从句，表达为“我想知道是否这位老人以前是一位老师。” “Did the old man use to be a teacher?”为一般疑问句，需If或whether引导，从句需一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式used。故填if/whether；used。 10．Has his father come back from Canada? Could you please tell me?（合并成一句） Could you please tell me his father come back from Canada? 【答案】 whether/if has 【详解】句意：他的父亲从加拿大回来了吗？你能告诉我吗？根据题干要求以及动词“tell”可知，本题可以改为whether/if“是否”引导的宾语从句；又根据“Has his father come back from Canada?”可知，从句是现在完成时，从句主语“his father”是第三人称单数，助动词是has。故填whether/if；has。 11．直到电脑连上网，他才接收到了消息。 He until the computer . 【答案】 didn’t receive the information was connected to the network 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，本句需not...until...句型，表示“直到……才……”，本句时态为一般过去时，connect to the network意为“连上网”，the computer与connect之间为被动关系，需一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+done，从句主语为名词单数，需was，connect的过去分词为connected，主句需用助动词didn’t，receive the information“接收消息”。故填didn’t receive the information；was connected to the network。 12．消防员们有如此好的方向感，他们从不会迷路。 Firemen have that . 【答案】 such a good sense of direction they never lose their way 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处是such/so...that...引导的结果状语从句；好的方向感：a good sense of direction，此处中心词是名词，such修饰；迷路：lose one’s way；从不：never；他们：they。句子时态是一般现在时，故填such a good sense of direction；they never lose their way。 13．直到她的小说被翻译成法语，人们才注意到这个作者。 People until . 【答案】 didn’t notice the writer her novels were translated into French 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，not ... until ...“直到……才”，notice“注意”，writer“作者”，her novels“她的小说”，translate“翻译”，French“法语”。句子时态为一般过去时，后半句为被动语态。be translated into表示“被翻译成……”。故填didn’t notice the writer；her novels were translated into French。 14．这本书如此有趣，我还想读一遍。 The book is interesting I want to read it again. 【答案】 so that 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“如此”；根据英文题干和汉语提示可知，此处考查so … that …“如此……以至于……”，其中so后接形容词“interesting”，that引导结果状语从句。故填so；that。 15．Brush your teeth regularly, or you will get toothache sooner or later. （保持句意基本不变） You will get toothache sooner or later you your teeth regularly. 【答案】 unless brush 【详解】句意：定期刷牙，否则你迟早会牙痛。根据“or you will get toothache sooner or later”可知，这句话换个角度说是，你迟早会牙痛，除非你定期刷牙，可转化为unless引导的条件状语从句，从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句采用一般现在时，主语为you，谓语用brush“刷”的动词原形。故填unless；brush。 16．在我们那个地方，我们的时间观念比较随意。 I’m from, we’re pretty time. 【答案】 Where relaxed about 【详解】对照中英文可知，此句为地点状语从句，第一个空用where引导地点状语从句，位于句首首字母大写。“对……比较随意”用be relaxed about sth。故填Where；relaxed about。 17．你可以选这个节目看，除非你很容易感到害怕。 You can choose this programme to watch . 【答案】unless you get scared easily 【详解】根据汉语提示及“You can choose this programme to watch…”可知，此处指的是除非你很容易感到害怕。unless“除非”，句子应为“unless”引导的条件状语从句，you“你”，从句主语；get“变得”，系动词；scared“害怕的”，形容词作表语；easily“容易地”，副词修饰动词“get”。故填unless you get scared easily。 18．Jack is a young singer. He wants to make progress in singing.（合并为一句） Jack is a young singer to make progress in singing. 【答案】 that/who wants 【详解】句意：Jack是一个年轻歌手。他想要在唱歌方面取得进步。此处可以改为定语从句，singer“歌手”，是先行词，指人，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或who引导。singer作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称，wants意为“想要”。故填that/who；wants。 19．钟南山是一名伟大的医生，受到全国人民的尊敬。 Zhong Nanshan is a great doctor, by all the people in China. 【答案】 who is respected 【详解】分析句子结构可知，本句是非限定性定语从句，“受到全国人民的尊敬”是对于“医生”的解释说明，先行词doctor是人，关系词用who；中英对照可知，第二和三空处意为“受到尊敬”，respect“尊敬”符合语境，此处应该使用被动语态，本句是一般现在时，且主语doctor是单数。故填who；is；respected。 20．movies, enjoys, him, make, Scott, laugh, which (连词成句) . 【答案】Scott enjoys movies which make him laugh 【详解】根据所给标点符号可知，本句是陈述句。分析单词可知，这是一个定语从句。Scott是主句主语；enjoys作主句谓语，movies作主句宾语，同时也是先行词；which引导定语从句，作主语；make作谓语；him作宾语；laugh作宾语补足语。故填Scott enjoys movies which make him laugh“斯科特喜欢让他发笑的电影”。 53 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 主从复合句 （宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句） 主从复合句由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成，从句在复合句中充当一定成分。初中阶段要求重点掌握宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句的用法。 1. 考查类型判断：通过具体语境，考查学生对从句类型的判断能力，如判断是状语从句还是宾语从句等。 2. 引导词选择：在具体句子中，根据句子的逻辑关系和语境，考查学生对引导词的正确选择。 3. 综合运用：结合其他语法知识，如时态、语态、从句等，进行综合考查，要求学生能够正确运用状语从句完成句子表达。 1．（2024·安徽·中考真题）—Could you tell us ________ we can start a conversation with a foreigner? —Talking about weather is a good choice. A．how B．whether C．why D．when 2．（2023·安徽·中考真题）Our country will be much better for everyone in future ________ we all do something to help now. A．if B．before C．so that D．even though 3．（2022·安徽·中考真题）You won’t fully experience the culture of a foreign country ________ you go there in person. A．because B．unless C．as soon as D．as long as 4．（2020·安徽·中考真题）Our English teacher is nice and patient she is very strict with us. A．if B．as C．unless D．though 5．（2019·安徽·中考真题）Our business won’t improve ____ we offer better service to our customers. A．because B．unless C．after D．since 6．（2013·安徽·中考真题）The rivers will become dirtier and dirtier ______ we take action to protect them. A．since B．if C．until D．unless 7．（2018·安徽·中考真题）Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own , ______ he is only four years old. A．if B．though C．for D．since 8．（2021·安徽·中考真题）—I’m not sure ________ my suggestion is helpful to you. —It certainly is. Every little bit helps. A．why B．how C．whether D．where 9．（2019·安徽·中考真题）—I wonder ____ the students have a physical examination. —Once a year. A．how far B．how soon C．how long D．how often 10．（2018·安徽·中考真题）——I wonder  ______ Jane gets on so well with her classmates. ——Because she always cares much about others. A．whether B．how C．when D．why 11．（2017·安徽·中考真题）—Do you know 　　 Ann goes to work every day? —Usually by underground. A．why B．how C．when D．whether 12．（2016·安徽·中考真题） —Look at the stone bridge! Do you know it was built? --In the1860s. It’s quite old. A．when B．how C．where D．why 13．（2014·安徽·中考真题）—It’s so late. Why not write the report tomorrow?  —But I don’t know _______ I can do it if not now. A．why B．when C．how D．where 14．（2013·安徽·中考真题） I still remember the college and the teachers ________ I visited in London years ago. A．what B．who C．that D．which 15．（2011·安徽·中考真题）Gina loves singers _______ write their own music. A．which B．who C．has worked 一、宾语从句 宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。 中考考查重点： 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。 考向一：宾语从句连接词 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。 考向二：宾语从句语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 考向三、宾语从句时态 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。（主现从任） 2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态。（主过从过） 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态 二、定语从句 定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。 中考考查重点： 关系代词的用法； 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。 考向1 定语从句的关系副词 （关系副词不作重点讲） 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 考向2 关系代词的基本用法 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/that which/that/省略 The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。 The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。 关系代词 1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 3. 注意：(1) 关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 4. which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 5 注意：定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况： 定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况： (1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that” Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么吗？ (2)当先行词为all，any，much，many等词时，只能使用“that” Tom told her mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that” This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。 (4)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能使用“that” He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 (5)当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that” This will be the last chance that he can get. 这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。 He is the only person that can help you out. 他是唯一能帮你的人。 (6)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that” They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。 (7)当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that” Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday? 哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的？ 三、状语从句 考向一、状语从句的概说和分类 一、状语从句概述 定义 状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。 位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。 分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。 作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。 考向二、 状语从句的连接词 概念：在复合句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句一般修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。 功能：九大状语从句分别表示（时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、比较） 等意义。 位置：位置灵活，可用于主句之前或之后。 No. 1 时间状语从句 1．when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。译为“当……时；在……期间”。 while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……” 2. 比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是＂做某事直至某时＂，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是＂直至某时才做某事＂。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句：She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 3．before与since引导的时间状语从句 (1) before与since的常用句式。 连词 常用句式 before It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 过……时间才…… It will not be/was not long＋before ... 不久就会/没多久就…… It was＋时间段＋before ... 过了……(时间)才…… since It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用一般过去时) It was＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用过去完成时) It will be half a year before I come back. (……之后才……) 我半年之后才会来。 It won’t be long before we meet again.（不久就......） 用不了多久我们就会再见面。 It was three days before he came back.（过了......才......） 过了三天他才会来。 (2) since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动词所表示的动作开始时算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。 It’s three years since he joined the army.(自从......多久了......) 自从他参军已经三年了。 It's two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。 It's three years since we lived here. 我们不住在这里有三年了。 (3) “It be＋时间状语＋that＋其他”构成强调句型，意思是“正是在某一时间发生了某事”。 It was at eight o'clock that we got home. 正是在八点我们到了家。 (4)“It be＋时间点＋when从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间”，it指代时间。 It was six o'clock when we got home. 当我们到家的时候六点了。 4．till, until和not ... until引导的时间状语从句 (1) “延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till”表示“动作延续到……为止”。 We walked along the river until/till it was dark. 我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。 (2) “瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till”表示“直到……才发生”。 He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him. 直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。 No. 2 条件状语从句 1．if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if ... not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。 You'll fail the exam unless you study hard(＝if you don't study hard)． 除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。 2．in case, on condition that等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。 In case there is a fire, what will we do first? 万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？ They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. 他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。 3．as long as(＝so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。 As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed. 你只要不灰心，就会成功。 4．在“祈使句＋and/or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。 Run faster and you'll catch the bus. 跑快点，你就会赶上公共汽车的。 Work hard, otherwise you'll fail. 努力干，要不你就会失败的。 5．if only “如果……就好了”和only if “只有”也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当only if置于句首时，主句部分倒装。 If only I were as clever as you. 我要是像你一样聪明就好了。 Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom. 学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。 No. 3 让步状语从句 1．although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句 (1) as引导的从句必须用倒装语序： 表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。 Child as/though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars. 尽管他是孩子，但他能辨认出所有车的名字。 Much as/though I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive. 虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。 （2）though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装； （√）Smart though/as she is， she doesn't study hard. （√）Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。 （√）He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money. 虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。 (3) though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。 He said he would come； he didn't，though. 他说他会来，可是没有来。 (4) while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。 While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。 2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句 even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。 Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise. 蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。 3．“疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句 wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋­ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。 It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。 Whatever(＝No matter what) you say, he won't believe you. 无论你说什么，他都不会相信你。 Whoever you are (＝No matter who you are), you must obey the rules. 无论你是谁，都要遵守规则。 4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。 All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。 Whether she comes here or we go there, the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged. 不管是她来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的话题都不会变。 No. 4 地点状语从句 地点状语从句是指在复合句中作地点状语的从句，表示空间关系，可置于句首、句中或句末，通常由从属连词where, wherever等引导。 We should go where the Party needs us most. 我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。 You are free to go wherever you like. 你愿意去哪里就去哪里。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire. 无火不生烟。(无风不起浪) No. 5 目的状语从句 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (以防)，lest等。 1．so that与in order that 这两个连词都表示“为了，以便”，引导的目的状语从句常与情态动词can, could，may, might等连用。in order that引导的从句可以置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 I am studying hard so that/in order that I can enter a famous university. 为了能上一所名牌大学，我一直努力学习。 In order that we could save time we used the computer. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。(此时不可使用so that) 2．for fear that表示“生怕，以免”，in case表示“以防”。 Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity should leak away. 电池应该放在干燥的地方，以免漏电。 I'll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind. 我给你留个座位，没准儿你会改变主意。 No. 6 原因状语从句 1．引导原因状语从句的连词主要有：because, as, since等。并列连词for也可表示原因。每个连词的含义不尽相同。 连词 位置 内涵 语气 回答why 被强调 because(因为) 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能 as (由于) 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能 since/now that(既然) 通常位于主句前 for(因为) 位于句后 用于补充说明的原因 弱 不能 不能 He was criticized by the teacher, because he was late for class. 因为他迟到了，老师批评了他。 I can't go with you, as I have a lot of work to do. 我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。 Since everyone is here, we can begin our discussion. 既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。 2．when(既然)，也可以引导原因状语从句。 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes. 既然步行5分钟就能到那里，你却去乘出租汽车，真够愚蠢的。 3.其他词引导的原因状语从句 seeing that (鉴于，由于)，considering that (考虑到)， in that(因为)， now that既然， given that考虑到， for the reason that因为， Now that you are a high school student, you are responsible for what you do. 既然是高中生了，你就要为你的行为负责。 Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们，我们现在没有理由来帮助他。 Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。 No. 7 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有so that, so ... that ... , such ... that ... 。 1．结构形式 There was so little food at home that we had to go out to buy some. 家里快没食物了，我们只好出去买一些。 Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. →Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。 He has made such rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher three times a day. 他取得了如此快的进步，以致老师一天表扬了他三次。 No. 8 比较状语从句 1．as ... as ...; not so/as ... as ...; the same ... as ... 表示相同程度的比较，肯定句用as ... as ...，否定句可用not as ... as或not so ... as。 He doesn't run so/as fast as Jack (does)． 他跑得不如杰克快。 2．than表示不同程度的比较，主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。 He is taller than any other student in our school 他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。 3．the＋比较级，the＋比较级，表示“越……就越……” The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 吃得越多，你将越胖。 一、单选题 第一部分 状语从句 1．“A white elephant” means something that is useless, ________ it may cost a lot of money. A．since B．until C．although D．unless 2．Tom ________ the fence when Ben came over. A．paints B．is painting C．was painting D．will paint 3．—Who will be the winner of the game show? —No one can know the result until it ________ tomorrow morning. A．will be announced B．will announce C．is announced D．announces 4．________ I don’t know what to start with yet, ________ I will try my best to solve the problem. A．But; although B．Although; / C．Though; but D．Unless; or 5．_________ Steve has failed many times, he is always full of hope for the future. A．Since B．If C．Though D．When 6．It is ________ fine weather today that there are so many people playing in the park. A．so B．very C．too D．such 7．Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed. A．because B．until C．unless D．though 8．Nobody can hear you ________ you speak in a louder voice. A．if B．unless C．because D．but 9．More and more couples prefer ________ a second baby ________ their first child can feel less lonely. A．have; in order to B．to have; in order to C．have; so that D．to have; so that 10．Her research paper isn’t up to standard ________ she has worked at it for two weeks. A．since B．unless C．has D．though 11．There is only ten minutes left. We won’t get to the concert in time ________ we take a taxi. A．ever since B．even though C．so that D．as soon as 12．—May I go to the cinema with you tonight? —I’m afraid not, ________ you have finished your homework. A．unless B．if C．until D．although 13．________ COVID-19 is under control now, we still need to protect ourselves by wearing masks and washing hands often. A．Because B．Although C．Since D．But 14．—Usually a dog won’t bite ________ it’s being attacked. —For everyone’s safety, I still insist it is necessary to put it on the lead. A．unless B．if C．when D．after 15．The boy made ________ great progress in his study that we all felt surprised. A．so B．such C．very D．really 16．— It’s impossible to finish the difficult task in a short time ________ both of us work hard on it. — No problem, let’s start! A．if B．but C．because D．unless 17．—Would you like to go fishing with us now, Frank? —Sorry. My parents won’t allow me to go out ________ I finish all my homework. A．if B．since C．unless D．when 18．—The library holds ________ many books ________ it may be difficult to choose the right one. Can you give me some advice? —Sure. Book reviews can help you decide if a book is for you. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．enough; to 19．—When shall we leave for Bencha Ancient Town? —________ we keep things on the desk in good order. A．Till B．Since C．Not until D．Whenever 20．—What a boring trip! We did nothing but listen to the rain in the hotel. —Why didn’t you check the weather ________ you travelled? A．since B．until C．after D．before 第二部分 宾语从句 21．—Do you know ________ after the exam? —Correct the mistakes immediately. A．what you should do B．what should you do C．when should you study D．when you should study 22．—Mum’s birthday is coming. I want to give her a surprise, but I don’t know ________. —Just think about her hobbies. A．how can I make it B．how I can make it C．when can I make it D．when I can make it 23．—I’m wondering ________ at a low price? —You can book one through our official app. A．when I can buy the air ticket B．when can I buy the air ticket C．how I can buy the air ticket D．how can I buy the air ticket 24．Sandy, do you still remember ________ the Palace Museum? A．when we visit B．when do we visit C．when we visited D．when did we visit 25．— Kate, I’m going to a party tonight. Could you please tell me ________? —With pleasure. Wait a moment, please. A．how I can order a taxi online B．that I should take some flowers C．what should I pay attention to D．if the skirt looks nice on me 26．The teacher asked the students ________. A．that they had planted trees B．when was Spud Webb born C．what they will do with the computers D．if they were interested in dinosaurs 27．—What did the manager say after the meeting?    —She asked me ________. A．how did I deal with the problem B．if can I finish the work on time C．what I do for the yesterday’s project D．why I was late for the meeting 28．—The novel The Little Prince is very interesting. Many students enjoy reading it. —So it is. Could you tell me ________? A．how long I can borrow it B．if I can keep it for another week C．when should I return it D．whether I could borrow it 29．—I ordered a pair of new jeans online and I wonder ________.  —In two days? Maybe not until next week. A．how soon can they be sent to me here B．when they could be sent to me here C．when could they be sent to me here D．how soon they can be sent to me here 30．It’s a pity that I missed the fourth Tiangong Class! Could you tell me ________? A．how long did the class last B．which country are they from C．which channel was it covered live D．who was the teacher this time 31．—I ________ your father agreed to sell the house. —Well, to my surprise, he agreed without hesitation, ________ it was against his own wishes. A．think；because B．think；since C．don't think；though D．don't think；when 32．Black asked me, “Why haven’t you left here yet?” Black asked me why ________ yet. A．I hadn’t left there B．I haven’t left here C．hadn’t I left there D．haven’t I left here 33．She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time?” She asked whose house ________ break into ________. A．will he；next time B．would he；the next time C．he would；the next time D．he will；next time 34．—Excuse me, do you know _________ some medicine? —Sure. In that supermarket. A．where I can buy B．where can I buy C．how I can buy D．how can I buy 35．—Do you know ______? —Oh, he was short and thin, but he is different now. A．what he used to look like B．what did he use to look like C．what does he look like D．what he look like 36．—Hi, Zhang Ke. I want to know ________. —You can help to hand out some notices. A．when School Day is B．who can come to School Day C．why we hold School Day D．what I can do for School Day 37．—Mr. Wang, can you tell me ________? —Because she has gone abroad for further study. A．when Millie came back B．where does Millie live C．why Millie isn’t here D．what Millie is doing 38．—Could you please tell me ________ buy a magazine? —There is a bookstore on the third floor. A．how I can B．which I can C．when I can D．where I can 39．—Hi, Alexia. Here is a letter for you. —Thanks. I wonder ________. A．where was the letter from B．why someone will know my address C．whether the letter was from my pen pal D．how did you get the letter 40．Can you imagine ________ life would be like without the internet? A．what B．when C．how D．whether 第三部分 定语从句 41．The boy with ________ John is talking is my elder brother. A．whom B．who C．that D．which 42．Mike is a friendly boy ________ likes to go out and meet new people all the time. A．who B．which C．what D．when 43．—What kind of writer do you like ? —I like writers ________ explain things well. A．who B．whom C．whose D．what 44．—What kind of music do you like, Cindy? —Well, I prefer music ________ has great lyrics. A．what B．who C．how D．that 45．—Hi, Tony. Don’t you remember me? —Yes, Scott. I will never forget the day ________ we spent in the old town with small houses. A．who B．when C．what D．that 46．Li Ming says he loves singers ______ their own music. A．which write B．that writes C．who write D．who writes 47．—What’s on TV now? —The remains of 25 Chinese soldiers ________ died in the 1950-1953 Korean War arrive back their motherland. It is covered live. A．which B．who C．what D．whose 48．—Your father’s birthday is coming soon, Liu Tao. What’s your surprise for your father? —The first thing ________ I will do is to make a card for him. A．who B．where C．whose D．that 49．Jackie Chan is an actor ________ is famous for his Chinese kung fu in the action movies. A．which B．whom C．whose D．who 50．The nurse ________ is looking after the old man is Tom’s sister. A．which B．who C．what D．whom 51．“Underground” is the only word in the English language ________ begins and ends with the letters “und”. A．what B．that C．who D．whom 52．They like the biggest tree ________ can keep us cool under it. A．that B．which C．who 53．—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV? —Sure. It’s a great TV program ________ brings the habit of reading back into the public. A．who B．that C．what D．/ 54．We should remember those ________ lost their lives for our country. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 55．Wechat is a useful APP ________ can help people talk to friends and share photos freely. A．/ B．who C．that D．whose 56．Michael wants to be an astronaut like Yang Liwei ________ is the first Chinese astronaut to step in space. A．who B．whose C．which D．where 57．—Who is the middle-aged man with sunglasses in the corner? —He is a personal friend ________ I’ve known for many years. A．which B．whose C．whom D．when 58．I prefer the music ________ is quiet and gentle. A．who B．that C．what D．whose 59．The dragon is the only animal _________ isn’t real among the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac (生肖). A．that B．which C．who D．what 60．Although my grandfather is over 90 years old, he still remembers the people ________ he met when he was young. A．who B．when C．where D．which 二、完成句子 1．我很好奇你习惯于以这种方式和他相处有多久了。 I am wondering him in this way. 2．你能告诉我这辆新能源车的质量是否达标吗? Can you tell me the new energy car ? 3．你对十年以后中国是什么样感到好奇吗？ Are you ? 4．Tony asked me, “Do you help your parents with the housework on weekends?”（改为同义句） Tony asked me I my parents with the house work on weekdays. 5．我不确定这本带有强烈地方特色的书是否有持久的价值。 I am not sure . 6．I wondered the date for the conference call. （保持句意基本不变） I wondered have the conference call. 7．Where can I get some stamps? Do you know? (同义句转换) Do you know I get some stamps? 8．“Do you like English?” he asked me. (改为宾语从句) He asked me I English. 9．Did the old man use to be a teacher? I wondered. (合并为一句话) I wondered the old man to be a teacher. 10．Has his father come back from Canada? Could you please tell me?（合并成一句） Could you please tell me his father come back from Canada? 11．直到电脑连上网，他才接收到了消息。 He until the computer . 12．消防员们有如此好的方向感，他们从不会迷路。 Firemen have that . 13．直到她的小说被翻译成法语，人们才注意到这个作者。 People until . 14．这本书如此有趣，我还想读一遍。 The book is interesting I want to read it again. 15．Brush your teeth regularly, or you will get toothache sooner or later. （保持句意基本不变） You will get toothache sooner or later you your teeth regularly. 16．在我们那个地方，我们的时间观念比较随意。 I’m from, we’re pretty time. 17．你可以选这个节目看，除非你很容易感到害怕。 You can choose this programme to watch . 18．Jack is a young singer. He wants to make progress in singing.（合并为一句） Jack is a young singer to make progress in singing. 19．钟南山是一名伟大的医生，受到全国人民的尊敬。 Zhong Nanshan is a great doctor, by all the people in China. 20．movies, enjoys, him, make, Scott, laugh, which (连词成句) . 53 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$