第5节 阅读教学案例与分析-高中英语新课程教学设计与案例分析

2025-05-05
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教辅
重庆大学电子音像出版社有限公司
进店逛逛

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The lyrics commonly reflect the lives of ordinary, working⁃class Americans and cover such subjects as love and relationships, loneliness, religion and work. Most lyrics use 150 or fewer words, and the result is often like a poem. Country music tends to mirror the concerns, achievements and lifestyles of the times, and remains an important form of American cultural expression. (选自重庆大学出版社普通高中教科书《英语》必修第一册 Unit 3) 􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉 第五节  阅读教学案例与分析 问题导入: (1)针对以下教学材料,你的阅读教学目标是什么? (2)针对你的教学目标,你将设计哪些阅读教学活动? Stars after the Storm It’s strange, but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so quickly. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off. All of a sudden, there was sky where the roof had been. I was so frightened that I just froze. Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in seconds. We were going nowhere. At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous. There was water everywhere, but we couldn’ t drink any of it otherwise we’d get really sick. We just had drinking water that was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit. Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos. But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive, though. We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie. All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe. Mom’ s words made us feel better. I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper, the Little Dipper and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Even though we had lost a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future. Although it was only a few days before we were rescued, it felt like months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county. Thankfully, Smartie came home just in time. We were so happy 442 •高中英语新课程教学设计与案例分析• to take him with us, although then, none of us knew that we wouldn’t be back for quite a while. Now, one year has passed and I’ m back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back. Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster, we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives. Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on. (选自外语教学与研究出版社普通高中教科书《英语》必修第三册) 阅读教学案例 教学资料 单元主题:Unit 6 Disaster and Hope 阅读板块:Developing Ideas: Stars after the Storm (选自外语教学与研究出版社普通高中教科书《英语》必修第三册) 教材分析 本单元的主题为 “Disaster and Hope”,主题语境是“人与自然”,内容有关自然灾害以及 如何应对自然灾害,包括保护环境和面对自然灾害应该持有的积极态度,以及科学的应对 措施。 本课所选阅读材料为阅读板块的第二篇文章 Stars after the Storm。 本文是一篇记叙文, 从一个孩子的视角讲述了因飓风“卡特里娜”的袭击,一个普通美国家庭遭遇的困境。 该语 篇以时间顺序展开,文本结构分为飓风袭击时、飓风过后、几天之后以及一年之后四个阶段, 主要描述了主人公在不同阶段生活环境的变化以及随之引起的恐惧、担忧、充满希望、喜悦 再到乐观积极等一系列心理活动的变化,旨在向读者传递面对自然灾害时要团结一致,保持 积极乐观的态度和对未来充满希望的信息。 该语篇主要使用一般过去时,运用大量的感情 词,例如 frightened, pleased, hopeful, confident 等,以及意象如 the roof, the street, the cat, stars 等来描述事件后所遇、所思和所想,教师应引导学生关注以上叙事手法。 学情分析 该教学设计针对高中一年级第二学期学生。 本单元是必修阶段的最后一个单元,学习 本单元时,学生基本完成必修阶段的学习,能够在阅读中概括文章的主旨大意,也具备了获 取细节信息的能力。 但是大多数学生在阅读记叙文时较难通过理解意象体会作者的情感及 心理变化。 另外,大部分学生并没有经历过飓风等极端灾害天气,因此较难引起情绪上的 共鸣。 阅读教学目标 学完本课后,学生能够: (1)根据记叙文要素总结本文主旨大意; (2)对比分析主人公在飓风不同阶段的经历及心理感受变化; (3)分析文本利用意象衬托人物心理的叙事手法; 542 •第八章  阅读教学设计与案例分析• (4)讨论并说出积极乐观的人生态度在面对灾难和困难时的重要性。 教学阶段 阶  段 阅读教学活动 活动时间(分钟) 读前 话题讨论 2 建构背景知识 3 预测文章内容 3 读中 确定主旨、梳理结构 8 获取信息,推断文本隐含意义 15 读后 绘制思维导图并复述故事 5 讨论 4 1. Pre⁃reading 活动 1:话题讨论 设计意图:本活动借助视频导入话题、创设情境,让学生在直观感受飓风“卡特里娜”的 巨大威力后讨论自身感受,为阅读时理解作者心理做准备。 活动步骤 设计说明 Step 1: Students watch a video clip about Hurricane Katrina and discuss: ①Where did the hurricane hit? ②If you experienced the hurricane, how would you feel? 教师播放有关飓风“卡特 里娜”的视频,学生观看视 频,了解飓风袭击、讨论个 人感受。 这一环节旨在让 学生直观感受飓风的巨大 威力和破坏性,同时分享 自身感受,为阅读移情做 准备。 活动 2:建构背景知识 设计意图:本活动是读前准备,学生通过阅读飓风路径图建构关于飓风“卡特里娜”的背 景知识,包括其起源地、过境城市、持续时间、死伤人数及经济损失等。 642 •高中英语新课程教学设计与案例分析• 活动步骤 设计说明 Step 1: Students view the map of Hurricane Katrina and answer the following questions according to the map. ①Where did the Hurricane Katrina from? ②Where did it hit? ③How long did it last? ④How many people lost their lives in the hurricane? ⑤What was the cost of the damage Hurricane Katrina caused? 学生阅读 “卡特里娜” 飓 风路径地图并获取相关背 景知识。 通过这些真实的 背景信息及数据,激活或 建构学生对飓风的图式知 识。 通过了解背景信息, 学生能够明白 “ 卡特里 娜”是真实存在的,其破坏 性对人类生存造成了很大 的威胁。 另外,阅读地图 能够训练学生阅读多模态 语篇并获取信息的能力。 Step 2: Students share their answers in the class. 学生分享其读图所得。 通 过展示,教师可以监控学 生的阅读效果,纠正学生 的错误信息。 活动 3: 预测文本内容 设计意图:根据学生已有的背景信息和基础知识,引导学生理解文章标题和插图,展开 对文章内容的预测。 活动步骤 设计说明 Step 1: Students are asked to view the title and the illustrations and answer: ①What information can you get from the title and the picture? ②What does “stars” refer to? How about “the storm”? 教师指导学生读标题和插 图,获取信息,为预测文本 内容整理思路,降低难度。 742 •第八章  阅读教学设计与案例分析• 续表 活动步骤 设计说明 Step 2: The teacher guides students to predict:What is the story about based on these information you get? 教师引导学生借助从标题 和插图中获取的信息,预 测文本内容。 2. While⁃reading 活动 1: 确定主旨、梳理结构 设计意图:学生速读文章,通过记叙文的语篇特点,寻找六要素信息,确定故事主旨大 意。 同时寻找时间标记词,确定故事的叙事顺序,梳理文章结构。 活动步骤 设计说明 Step 1: Students skim the text quickly and check their predictions. After skimming, they need to answer:What’ s the story about? The teacher guides students to notice that the passage is a narration and asks students to underline the key elements, including “Who, What, When, Where, Why, How” . 学生根据记叙文六要素, 找出文中相关信息。 训练 学生阅读记叙文时,提取 关键信息的能力。 Step 2: The teacher guides students summarize the main idea based on the information their have underlined. 学生根据六要素信息总结 故事的主要内容。 在确定 文本主旨大意的同时,培 养学生整合信息的能力。 Step 3: Students will be asked to underline the expressions about time in different paragraphs and answer the question:How was the passage organized according to these time clues? 学生找出文本中的时间表 达,并判断文本是按照时 间线索叙事的,为下一步 划分文章结构做准备。 Step 4: The teacher tells students that the author had different experiences and feelings in different stages and invites students to think about: How many stages the author experienced according to the passage? Try to divide the passage. The teacher explains that although there is no time markers in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2, some sentences show that the hurricane was hitting the city, such as “ I was sitting􀆺 when 􀆺” / “All of a sudden, there was sky where the roof had been” / The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. ”􀆺 Possible answer:Para.1⁃Para.2: during the hurricane Para.3⁃Para.4: right after the hurricane Para.5: a few days later Para.6: one year later 学生根据时间标记词划分 段落。 在缺少时间标记词 的部分,例如第一部分,教 师引导学生通过语法的表 意功能判断飓风正在发 生。 本活动可以训练学生 整合信息、划分文章结构 的能力。 842 •高中英语新课程教学设计与案例分析• 活动 2: 获取信息,推断文本隐含意义 设计意图:本活动要求学生细读文章,获取在飓风发生的不同阶段作者一家的经历并分 析作者通过文字所表达的心理感受。 在分析的过程中,引导学生理解意象对烘托人物情绪 的作用。 活动步骤 设计说明 Step1: Students read Para.1⁃Para.2 and answer: How did the author feel during the hurricane? Why? What happened to the house and the street? The teacher should guide students to give supporting details. 学生阅读第 1 段和第 2 段,获取有关作者感受的 细节信息并判断其原因。 Step 2: The teacher guides students to notice the adverbial like just, all of a sudden, hard, fast, and imagery, such as the roof, the street in Para. 1 and Para. 2. and analyze their functions. Therefore they can understand: ①The adverbial can describe the hurricane vividly and show its scary power, which can reflect why the author is frightened. ②Emotional words can help us identify and interpret the thoughts and feelings of the author. 教师引导学生关注句中意 象的作用以及状语的表意 功能,不仅生动描写了飓 风威力之大,同时也体现 出一切发生得很突然,作 者一家毫无准备,所以非 常恐惧。 Step 3: Students read Para. 3⁃Para. 4 and finish the following questions. ①The author ’s feelings have changed a lot right after the hurricane.Try to find out the words about his feelings and finish the following chart. Possible answer: ②Why did the author feel pleased? ③What made the author feel worried? 学生阅读第 3 段和第 4 段,找出描述作者感受的 表达并分析其心理变化的 原因。 问题 1) 要求学生 找出描述情绪的词并填 空。 通过折线图帮助学生 理 解 作 者 心 情 的 起 起 落落; 942 •第八章  阅读教学设计与案例分析• 续表 活动步骤 设计说明 ④Why did the author become hopeful? Possible answer: 问题 2)、3)、4)要求学生 获取文本细节信息,找出 作者产生不同感受的原 因。 该部分以填空题的形 式设置,可以训练学生根 据关键词迅速定位信息的 能力。 同时通过梳理文 本,理解文本之间的内在 联系。 Step 4: Students will be asked to compare the following description of the author’ s feeling with the story in Para. 3 and Para. 4 and decide which one is better. I was pleased at first, but then I became worried. After mom told us to stay positive, I was hopeful. By comparing, students would understand detailed description like the dangerous situation, the bad smell, Smartie’ s disap⁃ pearance, the amazing stars, can enrich the story and make the author’s feeling more convincing. 学生对比原文,选择最佳 描写。 通过与原文的对 比,学生体会细节事件的 描写可以丰富故事,同时 能够使作者的情感表达更 加真实动人。 Step 5: Students read Para.5 and answer: How did the author feel a few days later? Why? Possible answer: 学生推理,分析作者感到 开心和感恩的原因。 Step 6: Students are guided to think about: Why does the author say “Although it was only a few days before we were rescued, it felt like months”? The teacher should help students to analyze that the author suffered a lot by providing the following questions: How did the family feel living in such a terrible surroundings? Easy or not easy? When you live a hard life, what do you want to do most? 学生从语境中理解该句, 推理为何作者觉得度日艰 难,旨在锻炼学生的思维 品质,即分析推断的能力。 从这句话中,学生可以体 会作者一家在洪水之中度 日非常艰难,同时在心理 上也遭受了巨大的煎熬, 更能够衬托出得救以后内 心的开心与感恩。 052 •高中英语新课程教学设计与案例分析• 续表 活动步骤 设计说明 Step 7: Students read Para. 6 and think about:What did the author do after coming back to New Orleans? The teacher should guide students to underline what people did after coming back to New Orleans. 学生阅读第 6 段,获取灾 难发生一年后,关于人们 的行动的信息。 Step 8: The teacher shows students some pictures about New Orleans after it was destroyed and asks students to think about: How did people feel when they rebuild their home? It can be analyzed that the local people might feel sad at that time based on the sentence “Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster 􀆺” But at the same time, they felt confident and optimistic because “Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on. ” 学生根据最后一段信息来 判断作者的感受并分析原 因。 通过理解本段最后一 句,学生可以体会作者对 重建家园的乐观和自信。 3. Post⁃reading 活动 1: 绘制思维导图并复述故事 设计意图:本部分旨在回顾文本,深化对文本主题意义的理解和文本语言的学习。 绘制 思维导图并复述故事可以加深学生对故事主线及文本结构的理解,形成对文章内容的整体 把握。 活动步骤 设计说明 Step1: Students work in groups and reread the whole passage again and draw a mind map to show the author’s experiences and feelings in different stages. Possible version: 本活动为小组活动,要求 学生进行小组合作,在读 中理解的基础上创作文本 结构图。 通过结构图,学 生再一次梳理文本的逻 辑,将作者的心理变化与 经历直观地呈现出来,有 助于学生整体关注作者的 心理变化与其经历及环境 变化的逻辑联系,有助于 发展学生思维的逻辑性和 完整性。 152 •第八章  阅读教学设计与案例分析• 续表 活动步骤 设计说明 Step 2: Students work in groups and retell the story according to their mind maps. The teacher should remind students to give some details to make the story more vivid and convincing. 学生根据思维导图复述文 本的主要内容。 通过口语 输出,一方面可以训练学 生的语言表达能力,深化 学生对文章的理解;另一 方面,学生能在实践中理 解意象、细节信息等叙事 手法。 活动 2:讨论 设计意图:讨论活动要求学生评价作者面对灾难时的生活态度以及母亲对其产生的影 响。 旨在深化学生对主题意义的理解,同时通过想象建立读者自身与作者故事之间的联系, 帮助学生意识到“在灾难面前应该保持积极乐观”的生活态度。 活动步骤 设计说明 Step 1: Students work in groups and discuss the following questions: ①What sort of attitude to life is reflected in the author ’ s experience of looking at the night sky? Who impresses the author’s attitude to life a lot according to the story? The teacher guides students to review descriptions about the author’s experience of looking at the night and infer the author’s attitude to life, such as positive, optimistic, confident and so on. And students would easily find out that it is “ mother ” who impresses the author’ s attitude a lot according to Para. 4. The teacher concludes that the positive attitude is meaningful for ourselves and the people around us. ②If you were in the same situation as the author, what would you think and do? The teacher guides students to conclude how the family dealt with difficulties in hurricane and what attitude they have, which is what they should do when they are in trouble. 学生评价作者及其母亲在 灾难面前表现出来的人生 态度,并想象当自身处于 相同情境下的所思所为。 讨论以评价性问题和拓展 性问题为主,学生能够在 分析评价的过程中体会作 者及其家人所传递出来的 积极乐观的态度,强化学 生对主题语境的理解。 同 时,通过想象,让学生意识 到灾难面前应该抱有的正 确态度,使文本所传递的 乐观积极的生活态度融入 学 生 自 身 的 价 值 体 系 当中。 252 •高中英语新课程教学设计与案例分析• 案例分析 本案例的阅读教学设计紧紧依托主题语境“自然灾害”,设计了一系列学习理解、提取概 括、分析推断、迁移应用、评价想象的阅读活动,将语言知识、阅读策略、思维品质的培养整合 在了一起,并在教学过程中,注重文本价值取向的渗透和学生学习能力的培养。 案例设计符 合《普通高中英语课程标准(2017 年版)》中培养学生核心素养的要求。 通过阅读活动,促进 了学生语言的积累、思维品质的发展、价值取向的渗透、阅读策略的实践应用和学习能力的 提升。 本案例的活动设计始终遵循了英语学习活动观的要求。 在主题意义的引领下,依托记 叙文的语篇特征,将语言知识的学习渗透在学生梳理文本信息、完成阅读任务的过程中;而 阅读技能与策略、思维能力的培养则借助具体的阅读活动进行,例如读前预测、浏览文章寻 找关键信息等;获取作者在飓风发生的不同阶段的经历并分析推断其心理感受,评价作者及 其母亲态度,想象自身处于同样处境等活动则有助于强化思维,渗透文本所体现的价值 观念。 阅读教学过程以读前感知注意、读中理解学习和分析推断、读后迁移应用的步骤循序渐 进地进行,体现了综合性、关联性和实践性等特点。 读前学生观看视频、阅读地图,了解飓风 “卡特里娜”,构建背景图式,并基于该背景信息和文章标题、插图等预测文本内容;读中学生 根据记叙文的语篇特征寻找六要素信息,总结文章主要内容,在验证预测的同时获取文章主 旨大意。 本文以时间线索展开叙述,根据这一叙事特征,设计了划分文章段落,梳理故事发 生的各阶段,为下阶段梳理作者经历,分析作者在不同阶段心理活动的变化做好铺垫。 同 时,在分析心理活动的过程中,教师注重引导学生理解意象对作者情感的烘托作用。 读后针 对读中学习理解、分析推断的内容,案例中设置了绘制思维导图并复述的实践应用活动和评 价文中人物等评价想象活动,不仅可以发展学生的思维能力,同时能将学生自身和文本联系 在一起。 活动实施过程体现了阅读材料的可理解性原则、为理解而教原则、教授策略原则、学生 主体原则、搭建支架原则等。 在可理解性原则方面,该阅读文本选自普通高中一年级学生英语教科书。 首先,在话题 和内容层面上,目标学生大部分没有经历过极端天气与灾害,但是依靠发达的网络媒体,学 生对自然灾害及其所带来的后果并不陌生。 同时,作为高中年级的学生,他们已经具有一定 的共情能力,能够理解作者一家在灾难中的经历和心情。 在词汇层面上,本文不存在影响学 生理解故事主线的较难词汇。 对于文中反映作者情绪的词汇,例如“frightened”,学生可以根 据“frighten”这个已知词汇或者根据语境中的“froze”进行猜测,能够进一步提升学生的猜词 能力;在语篇方面,本文是一篇记叙文,文章主要按照时间顺序对灾难前后作者一家的心路历 程进行了对比。 对学生来说,发现“at first”“before we were rescued”“One year has passed􀆺”这 样的时间线索并非难事。 但学生在理解的基础上,还需要通过分析部分信息和句式推断飓 风发生的节点,例如“I was sitting􀆺 when the roof just flew off. ”“The rain was coming down so hard􀆺”表明第 1、2 段是关于飓风正在发生的描述。 总之,从各个层面分析,本文作为一篇 阅读材料,符合学生的认知水平和英语理解能力。 在为理解而教原则方面,教师在阅读中设置的活动不仅仅是关注学生是否理解文本,更 352 •第八章  阅读教学设计与案例分析• 注重学生的思考过程。 例如,在读前预测阶段,学生不仅要说出预测的结果,还要知道预测 的根据;在获取细节信息、推断隐含意义阶段,教师不断用问题引导学生理解文本,例如“作 者及人们在飓风不同阶段经历了什么?” “在这段经历中,作者感觉如何? 你是从哪得知 的?”这类问题有助于教师和学生了解、监控策略使用及理解文本的过程。 在教授阅读策略方面,本案例涉及的阅读策略与技能包括了读前预测、分析意象、推理 作者心理等。 例如,在教学过程中,不仅要求学生说出结论,还要能够说出得出结论的过程 和根据。 例如,在推理分析细节信息环节,教师要求学生分析作者心理,并给出具体的事实 信息,引导学生理解文本之间的内在联系。 这样的推理活动并非蜻蜓点水,一晃而过。 全文 共分为四部分,每一部分都要求学生从作者经历中推理分析其情感,在不断的重复中帮助学 生熟练地使用这一策略。 学生主体原则主要体现在教学过程中,教师借助各种手段鼓励学生积极地参与到与文 本互动的过程中。 例如读前激活学生的背景知识、唤起共情体验,读后要求学生绘制思维导 图、复述故事等,都是以学生作为活动主体进行的多样化、多角度的设计。 搭建支架原则体现在了整个教学过程当中,例如,读前导入背景知识和观看视频活动, 为学生理解作者心理感受搭建共情支架;读前预测文章内容时,教师通过问题“What can you get from the title and the picture?”等帮助学生预测;在读中,教师引导学生理清故事主线,一 步步解析飓风发生各个阶段作者的经历和心理感受,为读后学生绘制思维导图以及复述故 事进行铺垫。 思考题:设计阅读教学活动的依据是什么? 教学设计实践 下面的文章选自重庆大学出版社普通高中教科书《英语》必修第一册 Unit 3 Powerful Music,请依据文本内容设计一堂完整的阅读教学课。 A Violin and the Law David, a policeman, came to a cabin about two miles up the mountain to get Cal Richards, an armed and dangerous killer. Through a broken window, he saw an old man with a beard closely watching him. When he stepped into the cabin, he found the old man was pointing a gun at him. He looked around the cabin and did not see any sign of Cal. “I guess I’ ll have to come again,” he said. Just then he caught sight of a violin hanging on the wall. “Who plays the violin?” he asked. For a moment there was silence. Actually Cal’ s father was the best violin player in the area, but he did not answer, and kept his gun still aimed at David. David crossed the room and felt sweat on his forehead, but he took the violin from the wall calmly as if he were a welcome visitor. He began to play the violin, one tune after another. He was playing better than he had ever played in his life. The old man stood there, attracted. The hatred in his eyes was giving way to a look of wonder. The gun was now pointed towards the floor. He began to beat time, tapping one foot on the dirt floor. When the final notes of the tune died away, the old man placed the gun in a corner. “Well, stranger,” the old man said, “you play the violin excellently. Maybe you’ll stay for 452 •高中英语新课程教学设计与案例分析• dinner and play some more for me. ” After they had finished their meal, they sat in the spring sunshine outside the cabin. They talked about violin tunes. Not a word was said about Cal Richards. About two hours later, David stood up and said, “ Sorry! I must be getting back to the town. ” The old man sat, deep in thought. At last, he said, “I like the way you talk, and I like the way you play the violin. I guess you’ re a decent guy. ” He paused as if it were hard to go on. Then, he said in a thick voice, “ I’ ll have a talk with Cal. I think he might give himself up tomorrow. You be at the police station at noon!” The next day, as the town clock struck twelve, a bearded old man came up the street towards the police station. With him was a young fellow whose appearance told of many days in hiding. 552 •第八章  阅读教学设计与案例分析•

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第5节 阅读教学案例与分析-高中英语新课程教学设计与案例分析
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