Unit 6 Grammar 情态动词讲义- 2024-2025学年沪教版（2024）七年级英语下册

Unit 6 Grammar 情态动词 一、情态动词的用法 ①情态动词具有一定的词义，但不能独立存在，须与动词原形一起构词谓语，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的看法或主观设想，如意愿、需要、可能或怀疑等。 ②情态动词有时态的变化，但没有人称和数的变化（have to除外）。 二、【情态动词can的用法】 1.表示一种能力： I can speak English. 2.表示“可以”此用法相当于may.May/can I ......? You can ask me for help. 3.can't 表不可以，不能够。 He can’t speak French. 4.can’t be 表示不可能(对事情的否定推测） It can’t be true. 5.could:比can更加委婉，也可用于can的过去式。could引导一般疑问句，用can回答。 Jack asked his mom whether he could go out tonight. (过去式) ---Could I go out tonight? (表委婉征询对方意见） ---Yes,you can./---No,you can't. 3、 【情态动词may的用法】 1.表示“可以” May I come in? 2.表推测：可能 That boy may be Jack.But I'm not sure. 3. might:比may更加委婉， 也可用于may的过去式，也可表推测。 Tom might know the answer. 【拓展】 注意may,maybe,may be的用法区别 ①may为情态动词，后还需要加动词原形构成谓语。 如：You may come tomorrow. ②maybe为副词，同possibly, probably, 不能做句子谓语，常放在句首或者主谓之间。 如：Maybe she will come tomorrow. ③may be构成谓语结构“可能是” 如：She may be a teacher. 四、【情态动词must的用法】 1.must表示“必须”主观意愿， have to表“不得不”客观因素 I must go home now. It's raining hard outside,so we have to stay at home. 2.表推测：‘一定’,表肯定推测。(重点考点) That book must be Mary's.Her name is on it. 3.must引导的一般疑问句。 否定回答：No,you needn't/don't have to. 肯定回答：Yes,you must./have to. Must I arrive at the airport before 5 p.m? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. 4.注意：mustn't表示“禁止” You mustn't smoke here. 五、【need的用法】 1.表“需要”,用于肯定句中为实义动词， 后+to do形式做宾语，有时态变化。 We need to find a place to rest. 2.用于否定句和疑问句中为情态动词， 后接动词原形做句子谓语，无时态变化。 You needn't finish the work today. Need I bring something? 六、【其他情态动词的用法】 1.should表示“应该”,否定shouldn't ,无时态变化。 Students shouldn't be allowed to bring mobile phones to school. 2.ought to属于半情态动词，也表示“应该”。 We ought to finish the work today. 3.would表“将来，宁愿”,可作为will的过去式，构成过去将来时态，常用于宾语从句中。 I would study hard. She asked me where I would go tomorrow. 4.had better表示“最好…”,为半情态动词， 无时态变化，后接动词原形。had better do 否定式： had better not do: 最好不要做某事 (重点考点) We had better go there by underground instead of driving. We had better not argue with our parents. 【拓展】 注意should 和ought to的用法区别 should 表示建议，劝告，强调主观看法 如： We should use our own shopping bags instead of plastic bags. ought to 表示按道理，按法律、规定应该， 强调责任和义务 Parents ought to take care of their children. Unit 6 Grammar情态动词同步练习 一、从 can,could,may,must,can't,may not,mustn't,needn't中选择适当的情态动词填空。 1.We can't play with you now.We finish our homework first. 2. your son swim when he was five years old? 3.Don't worry.You return the bike to me tomorrow. 4.You must obey the library rules.You eat here. 5.Nobody live without air. 6.Excuse me,sir. I ask you a question? 7.Rose get up early tomorrow because she will take an exam. 8. I open the window? 9.You return the book before Saturday,or you'll be fined(罚款). 10.Martin give up smoking at once.It's bad for his health. 11.--- I finish the work now? ---No,you . You do it this afternoon. 12.---May I use your dictionary? ---Sorry,I'm afraid you .My deskmate is using it now. 13.--- your foreign friend speak Chinese? ---No,he 二、根据句子需要用情态动词结构，补全句子，每空一词。 1.我还需要再说一遍我的电话号码吗? my telephone number again? 2.迈克，你千万不要玩火。 Mike,you fire. 3.你最好吃更多的水果与蔬菜。 You fruits and vegetables. 4.我可以问你一个问题吗? I you a question? 5.最后一班车已经开走了，所以我只好步行回家。 The last bus had gone,so I back home. 6.你上课不要接电话。 You the telephone in class. 7.她必须为她的自行车找个适当的地方. She a right place her bike. 8.你不许在这里吸烟。 You here. 9.我不得不去新学校上学，但是我不想去。 I go to a new school but I don't want to. 10. 你最好别吃太多糖。 You too much candy. 11.现在，所有的乘客在乘火车前都必须经过安全检查。 Nowadays,all passengers safety check before take a train. 4、 单项选择 ( )1.All passengers go through safety check before they take a plane. A.can B.may C.must D.could ( )2.—You look very pretty if I say so. —Thanks a lot for saying that. A.must B.may C.will D.have to ( )3.You walk to close to the edge of the hill because you might fall and hurt yourselves. A.mustn't B.must C.can D.needn't ( )4.—I still haven't found my pet dog. —I'm sorry to hear that.You be very sad. A.can B.should C.must D.will ( )5.—Do you think that Kobe will be elected as the MVP this year? —It him.He has retired(退役)since April 13. A.can't be B.mustn't be C.must be D.can be ( )6.—We've got everything ready for the picnic. —Do you mean I bring anything with me? A.can't B.mustn't C.couldn't D.needn't ( )7.Rock music sound popular with the young,but it's not the favor of the aged people. A.must B.need C.should D.may ( )8.—Mum, I play football this afternoon? —Sure,but you finish your homework first. A. may;could B.can;must C.can;mustn't D.may;can't ( )9.Please don't make so much noise.I hear the speaker very well. A.needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.shouldn't ( )10.—Look at the young lady in red.Is it Mrs.King? —No,It be her.She is wearing a white dress today. A. can B.may C.must D.can't ( )11.—What's wrong with Judy?She has been absent for two days. —Oh,she be ill.Let's go to ask Mr.Green. A. may B.need C.would D.Shall ( )12.—I hear you've got a new watch. I have a look? —Yes,you may. A.Do B.May C.Should D.Shall ( )13.You stop when the traffic light is red. A.can B.could C.may D.must ( )14.—Must I practice the violin right now? —No,you .You do it later on. A. mustn't;may B.shouldn't;might C.needn't;may D.needn't;must ( )15.—Hey,Ted!You never play in the street.It's not safe. —Sorry,Mum.I won't again. A. need B.must C.can D.may 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 6 Grammar 情态动词 一、情态动词的用法 ①情态动词具有一定的词义，但不能独立存在，须与动词原形一起构词谓语，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的看法或主观设想，如意愿、需要、可能或怀疑等。 ②情态动词有时态的变化，但没有人称和数的变化（have to除外）。 二、【情态动词can的用法】 1.表示一种能力： I can speak English. 2.表示“可以”此用法相当于may.May/can I ......? You can ask me for help. 3.can't 表不可以，不能够。 He can’t speak French. 4.can’t be 表示不可能(对事情的否定推测） It can’t be true. 5.could:比can更加委婉，也可用于can的过去式。could引导一般疑问句，用can回答。 Jack asked his mom whether he could go out tonight. (过去式) ---Could I go out tonight? (表委婉征询对方意见） ---Yes,you can./---No,you can't. 3、 【情态动词may的用法】 1.表示“可以” May I come in? 2.表推测：可能 That boy may be Jack.But I'm not sure. 3. might:比may更加委婉， 也可用于may的过去式，也可表推测。 Tom might know the answer. 【拓展】 注意may,maybe,may be的用法区别 ①may为情态动词，后还需要加动词原形构成谓语。 如：You may come tomorrow. ②maybe为副词，同possibly, probably, 不能做句子谓语，常放在句首或者主谓之间。 如：Maybe she will come tomorrow. ③may be构成谓语结构“可能是” 如：She may be a teacher. 四、【情态动词must的用法】 1.must表示“必须”主观意愿， have to表“不得不”客观因素 I must go home now. It's raining hard outside,so we have to stay at home. 2.表推测：‘一定’,表肯定推测。(重点考点) That book must be Mary's.Her name is on it. 3.must引导的一般疑问句。 否定回答：No,you needn't/don't have to. 肯定回答：Yes,you must./have to. Must I arrive at the airport before 5 p.m? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. 4.注意：mustn't表示“禁止” You mustn't smoke here. 五、【need的用法】 1.表“需要”,用于肯定句中为实义动词， 后+to do形式做宾语，有时态变化。 We need to find a place to rest. 2.用于否定句和疑问句中为情态动词， 后接动词原形做句子谓语，无时态变化。 You needn't finish the work today. Need I bring something? 六、【其他情态动词的用法】 1.should表示“应该”,否定shouldn't ,无时态变化。 Students shouldn't be allowed to bring mobile phones to school. 2.ought to属于半情态动词，也表示“应该”。 We ought to finish the work today. 3.would表“将来，宁愿”,可作为will的过去式，构成过去将来时态，常用于宾语从句中。 I would study hard. She asked me where I would go tomorrow. 4.had better表示“最好…”,为半情态动词， 无时态变化，后接动词原形。had better do 否定式： had better not do: 最好不要做某事 (重点考点) We had better go there by underground instead of driving. We had better not argue with our parents. 【拓展】 注意should 和ought to的用法区别 should 表示建议，劝告，强调主观看法 如： We should use our own shopping bags instead of plastic bags. ought to 表示按道理，按法律、规定应该， 强调责任和义务 Parents ought to take care of their children. Unit 6 Grammar情态动词同步练习 一、从 can,could,may,must,can't,may not,mustn't,needn't中选择适当的情态动词填空。 1.We can't play with you now.We must finish our homework first. 2. Could your son swim when he was five years old? 3.Don't worry.You may/can return the bike to me tomorrow. 4.You must obey the library rules.You mustn’t eat here. 5.Nobody can live without air. 6.Excuse me,sir. May/Could/Can I ask you a question? 7.Rose must get up early tomorrow because she will take an exam. 8. May/Could/Can I open the window? 9.You must return the book before Saturday,or you'll be fined(罚款). 10.Martin must give up smoking at once.It's bad for his health. 11.--- Must I finish the work now? ---No,you needn’t . You can/may do it this afternoon. 12.---May I use your dictionary? ---Sorry,I'm afraid you may not/can’t .My deskmate is using it now. 13.--- Can your foreign friend speak Chinese? ---No,he can’t 二、根据句子需要用情态动词结构，补全句子，每空一词。 1.我还需要再说一遍我的电话号码吗? Need I say my telephone number again? 2.迈克，你千万不要玩火。 Mike,you mustn’t play with fire. 3.你最好吃更多的水果与蔬菜。 You had better eat more fruits and vegetables. 4.我可以问你一个问题吗? May/Can I ask you a question? 5.最后一班车已经开走了，所以我只好步行回家。 The last bus had gone,so I have to walk back home. 6.你上课不要接电话。 You mustn’t answer the telephone in class. 7.她必须为她的自行车找个适当的地方. She must find a right place for her bike. 8.你不许在这里吸烟。 You mustn’t smoke here. 9.我不得不去新学校上学，但是我不想去。 I have to go to a new school but I don't want to. 10. 你最好别吃太多糖。 You had better not eat too much candy. 11.现在，所有的乘客在乘火车前都必须经过安全检查。 Nowadays,all passengers must go through safety check before take a train. 4、 单项选择 ( C )1.All passengers go through safety check before they take a plane. A.can B.may C.must D.could ( B )2.—You look very pretty if I say so. —Thanks a lot for saying that. A.must B.may C.will D.have to ( A )3.You walk to close to the edge of the hill because you might fall and hurt yourselves. A.mustn't B.must C.can D.needn't ( C )4.—I still haven't found my pet dog. —I'm sorry to hear that.You be very sad. A.can B.should C.must D.will ( A )5.—Do you think that Kobe will be elected as the MVP this year? —It him.He has retired(退役)since April 13. A.can't be B.mustn't be C.must be D.can be ( D )6.—We've got everything ready for the picnic. —Do you mean I bring anything with me? A.can't B.mustn't C.couldn't D.needn't ( D )7.Rock music sound popular with the young,but it's not the favor of the aged people. A.must B.need C.should D.may ( B )8.—Mum, I play football this afternoon? —Sure,but you finish your homework first. A. may;could B.can;must C.can;mustn't D.may;can't ( C )9.Please don't make so much noise.I hear the speaker very well. A.needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.shouldn't ( C )10.—Look at the young lady in red.Is it Mrs.King? —No,It be her.She is wearing a white dress today. A. can B.may C.must D.can't ( A )11.—What's wrong with Judy?She has been absent for two days. —Oh,she be ill.Let's go to ask Mr.Green. A. may B.need C.would D.Shall ( B )12.—I hear you've got a new watch. I have a look? —Yes,you may. A.Do B.May C.Should D.Shall ( D )13.You stop when the traffic light is red. A.can B.could C.may D.must ( C )14.—Must I practice the violin right now? —No,you .You do it later on. A. mustn't;may B.shouldn't;might C.needn't;may D.needn't;must ( B )15.—Hey,Ted!You never play in the street.It's not safe. —Sorry,Mum.I won't again. A. need B.must C.can D.may 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$