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Unit 6 Nature in words
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Dusk
Looking into the sunset I cant help but notice that
despite her beauty,a sense of struggle and hopeless
surround the sky.
Deep inside you realize that this day is gone,and
everything that it had brought is lost forever.
Every thought,every action,every dream,every
hope,
every sight,every sound is gone.
There is no chance of every being returned the
same,
exactly the same.
For every moment has a limit to what it can
capture.
Every memory has a limit to what it had retrieve.
And the colours in the sky try to entertain us,
one last act with painted smiles,
for they too know that nothing can be done to save
the day.
So futile their attempt to comfort our fear of the
night,
our horror as we try to find our way,
like children who wander into a forest and never
return.
I am ingratiated by the sunset because of
her sensitivity as she tries to push the darkness
back for just a moment more.
But like so many times before. . . to no avail!
黄昏
凝望夕阳,我不禁注意到,
无论她是如何美丽动人,
一种挣扎和绝望感依然萦绕天幕。
内心深处,你明白今日已逝,
它所带来的一切也永远消失了。
每一个想法,每一次行动,每一个梦想,每一线
希望,每一幅景象,每一缕声音,都消逝而去。
一切都不可能还复如初,
和原来一模一样。
只因每一个时刻所能捕捉的东西是有限的。
每一段记忆所能缅怀的东西也是有限的。
而天空中的色彩在努力让我们快乐起来,
最后上演的是彩色的微笑,
因为它们也知晓,做什么都无法留住时日。
它们试图安慰我们对夜的恐惧,而又如此徒劳
无益。
它们试图安慰我们的恐惧,当我们在努力寻找
出路时。
宛若在林中的孩子,彷徨不知归路。
我满心欢喜,只因夕阳的体贴,
她竭力将黑暗推回,仅仅为了再多驻留一刻。
可却犹如以往……一切都无济于事
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Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
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Ⅰ.核心单词
1. adj.一周一次的,每周的
2. n. 检查员,巡视员
3. v. 坚称,坚决认为
4. n.刮胡子
5. n.开阔的景观,景色
6. v.(使)发红
7. v.排列,布置
8. v.变弯曲
9. n. 教堂
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. 谈论
2. 拜访
3. (战争、战斗或疾病)爆发
4. 对……造成伤害
5. (攻击的)目标,对象
6. 支持,帮助,遵守诺言
Ⅲ.经典句式
1. as + adj. + as结构
I was nearly as excited about it this morning
as the children,whom I found all looking
through the window at the magic outside and talking
away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly
come round again.
今天早上我几乎和孩子们一样兴奋,他们都望着
窗外的魔法世界,兴奋地说个不停,好像圣诞节又
突然来临了。
2. since引导时间状语从句
It is the first fall we have had here this winter,and
last year I was out of the country,sweating in a hot
climate,during the snowy season,so that it really
does seem an age since I saw the ground so
fantastically carpeted.
这是我们这里今年冬天的第一场降雪,去年我身
在国外,下雪的季节里,我正在炎热的气候中大汗
淋漓。因此,距离我(上次)看到如此银装素裹的
大地,确实仿佛有很长时间了。
3. by the time引导时间状语从句
. . . by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was
shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate
pinks.
……等到我坐下来吃早餐时,太阳的光彩已是绚
烂夺目,给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。
Ⅳ.课文预读
(一)快读文章,把握大意
Match the scenery with the timeline.
1. When I got up
this morning
2. The sun
came out
3. An hour
or two later
4. Now
A. The snow is falling heavily.
B. Everything was a cold sparkle of
white and blue.
C. The snow became shining with
delicate pinks.
D. The world became a cold place of
dead white and pale blues.
(二)精读文章,品读细节
1. Whats the clue of the text? D
A. Time. B. Place.
C. Direction. D. Rhyme.
2. What did the author think of the first snow? C
A. Strange and disturbing.
B. Familiar and disturbing.
C. Fascinating and magical.
D. Different and cruel.
3. How did the author write the passage? B
A. By recalling. B. By depicting.
C. By comparing. D. By quoting.
4. Whats the purpose of the passage? A
A. By describing the magical scenery of the first
snow,the author encourages readers to come to
England and experience its beauty for themselves.
B. By depicting the beautiful,nearmagical scenery of
the first snow,the author wants to convey his love
for snow.
C. By recalling his memories as a child during the
first snow,the author expresses his longing for the
innocent happiness of childhood.
D. By comparing the snow of different times,the
author wants the readers to learn about the
changes of snow.
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(三)重读文章,激发潜能
The first snow is not only an event,but it is a
magical event. The scenery and 1. (quiet)
of the thing makes it more magical. When I got up this
morning,the world became a cold place of dead white
and pale blues. The light 2. (come)
through the windows seemed quite strange,and it made
the familiar business of 3. (splash)and
shaving and brushing and dressing very strange too.
Then the sun came out, the snow became
4. (shine)with delicate pinks. My dining
room window changed into a 5. (love)
Japanese print. The little plum tree outside,with snow
6. (line)its branches and artfully
7. (dispose),stood in full sunlight. An
hour or two later,everything was a cold sparkle of white
and blue. The ground went on and on,the sky was thick
grey,and all the trees so many black and 8.
(threaten)shapes. The entire scene looked like a cruel
grassland. Now, the snow is falling 9.
(heavy). The roofs are thick and the trees are all
bending. I can see the children 10.
(flatten)
their noses against the window.
+ 1 2 3 4 5
核心词汇
1. insist v.坚称,坚决认为;坚持主张,坚决要求
insist on doing sth.坚持做某事
He insisted on making a voyage after graduating from
college.
他坚持大学毕业之后去航海。
He insisted that the identity of a person couldnt be
changed.
他坚决认为一个人的身份是不能改变的。
I insist that the project (should)be carried out on
schedule.
我坚决要求这个工程按计划开展。
H误区警示
insist后接that从句时,有两种情况:①表示“坚持主
张,坚决要求”时,从句用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用
“should +动词原形”,should可以省略。②表示“坚
称,坚决认为”时,从句用陈述语气。
She insisted that the man had stolen her wallet and that
he (should)be sent to the police station.
她坚持说那个人偷了她的钱包,并坚决要求把他送
到警察局。
H活学活用
完成句子
①The road is covered with snow. I cant understand
why they insist on going (坚持去)by motorbike.
② She was stubborn and insisted that the work
(should)be finished (完成)ahead of schedule.
单句语法填空
③Shes 85 now,but she will insist on doing (do)all
her own housework.
④He insisted that he had done (do)nothing wrong
and (should)be set (set)
free.
2. spot vt.发现;认出n.斑点;污点;地点
(1)spot sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事
spot sb. from / in. . .从……中辨认出某人
(2)on the spot当场;在现场;立即
At any moment,it seemed,a body of horsemen might
be seen breaking out from the black trees,so many
weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow
be reddened.
似乎随时可以看到一群骑兵从漆黑的树林里冲出
来,然后兵刃交锋,血染红了远处的积雪。
He spotted his friend talking with someone in the
distance.
他发现他的朋友在远处和某人在交谈。
I spotted him in the crowd.
我在人群中认出了他。
In fact,they were on the spot at that time.
事实上,他们当时在现场。
H活学活用
单句语法填空
①She had spotted a man with a shotgun taking
(take)aim.
②At last the thief was spotted (spot)by the police.
③In memory of the dead soldiers,a grand memorial was
built on
the spot of the great campaign.
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3. glare vi.怒目而视;闪耀n.怒视;炫目的光
The glare has gone and no touch of the disturbing
remains.
耀眼的光芒消失了,没有一丝令人不安的痕迹。
Because the South Pole is a high altitude site,the glare
of the sunlight is very intense.
因为南极是一个高海拔地区,所以太阳光非常强烈。
She stared / looked me up and down as if she didnt
know me.
她上下打量着我好像不认识我似的。
He didnt shout,he just glared at me silently.
他没有喊叫,只是默默地怒视着我。
Glancing at the watch,she told him the time.
她看了一下表,告诉他几点钟了。
B 辨析比较
stare at,gaze at,glare at,glance at
stare at
意为“盯,凝视”,指出于好奇、惊讶等原因长时
间睁大眼直接注视,常含粗鲁无礼之意
gaze at
意为“凝视”,语义较stare轻,指出于好奇或惊
讶而深情地长时间看
glare at 指“怒目而视”,出于气愤或敌意
glance at 意为“一瞥”,指匆忙中迅速看上一眼
H活学活用
选词填空(stare at,glare at,glance at)
①She glanced at her watch and left.
②The little boy glared at the rich lady when she
refused to give hin any food.
③The child stared at
the toys in the shopwindow.
4. bend v. 便变弯;弯曲处;弯道
He bent the wire into the shape of a square.
他把铁丝折成正方形。
C 词汇拓展
bend ones mind / efforts / thoughts to sth.专心于某事物
bend down弯腰
bend (sb.)to sth.迫使(某人)屈从某物
be bent on (doing)sth.决心做某事(通常指坏事);
一心想要做某事
The girls are bent on going to the beach this weekend.
女孩们决定这个周末去海滩游玩。
Most people bend to fate,but I dont.
多数人屈服于命运,但我不会这样。
H活学活用
完成句子
① They are always bent on interfering in other
countries internal affairs.
他们总是蓄意干涉别国内政。
②It was nearly dark,and I had to bend down to see
what it was.
天快黑了,我不得不弯腰看看是什么
。
重点短语
1. break out爆发,突然发生
break up解散;破碎;(会议或聚会)解散,散会,结束
break through突破;冲破
break away (from)脱离;逃脱
break in强行进入;插话
break down出故障;失败;(身体)垮掉;消除,驱除
(隔阂等)
break into强行进入(某处);突然……起来
A fire broke out on Sunday afternoon at the scene of the
explosion.
星期日下午爆炸现场发生了火灾。
A violent quarrel broke out between them when he told
lies to her.
他向她撒了谎,两个人大吵了起来。
X学法点拨
break out,take place,happen,occur都有“发生”之
意,均为不及物动词(短语),不能用于被动语态。
H活学活用
单句语法填空
①A fire broke out in a hospital last night,but no
one was killed.
②See,your computer has broken down again!It
doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of
computer just to save a few dollars.
③To be honest,it was only a couple of months before
the band broke up .
④At last the moon broke through the clouds and
they could see their way.
⑤ A jewellery shop was broken into between
midnight and 5 a. m. A lot of valuable things were
stolen.
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2. come out出现,露出;(花)盛开;出版,发行;被获知,为人所知
Then the sun came out,and by the time I had sat down
to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow
with delicate pinks.
接着太阳出来了,到我坐下来吃早餐时,阳光绚丽地
照耀着,给积雪添上一抹柔和的粉色。
Y用法详解
(1)(太阳、月亮或星星)出现,露出
The sun came out to warm his back.
太阳出来了,把他后背晒得暖洋洋的。
(2)(花)盛开
I will remember the day forever when the tulips in the
garden started to come out.
我会永远记得花园里的郁金香刚刚开放的那一天。
(3)出版,发行
When will your new book come out?
你的新书什么时候出版?
(4)被获知,为人所知
The truth is beginning to come out about what
happened.
事情的真相开始逐渐浮出水面。
H活学活用
判断下列句子中come out的含义
①The moon came out from behind the clouds late.
②(2024·北京丰台区期中)Her work is still as
relevant today as when it first came out.
③The roses in the garden early this year.
(花)盛开
3. at any moment很快,随时
At any moment,it seemed,a body of horsemen might
be seen breaking out from the black trees,so many
weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow
be reddened.
好像随时都可能看到一队骑兵从黑暗的树林里突然
杀出,能听到武器(的砍杀)之声,还能看到远方某
一处雪地被鲜血染红。
Y用法详解
at any moment很快,随时。at可以省略。
The roof could collapse at any moment.
屋顶随时可能倒塌。
He said,in a low voice,“The moon might come out at
any moment.”
他低声说:“月亮随时都可能出来。”
L 联想串记
与moment相关的其他短语:
moment
at the moment目前,现在
for the moment暂时,目前
in a moment立刻,马上
at this / that moment此时/那时
for a moment一会儿(表一段时间)
the moment (that). . .一……就
……
H活学活用
用moment的相关短语完成句子
①The boy began to cry the moment (that)he saw his
mother (一看见妈妈).
②Im not sure whether or not he was on the scene at
that moment (他那时是
否在现场).
③If you have any question, you can call me (at)any
moment (你可以随时给
我打电话).
单句写作
④回答前她沉默了片刻。
She was silent for a moment before replying.
⑤目前我正在准备驾照考试。
I am preparing for the driving test at the moment.
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重点句式
I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children,whom I found all looking through the window
at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
今天早上我几乎和孩子们一样兴奋,他们都望着窗外的魔法世界,兴奋地说个不停,好像圣诞节又突然
来临了。
J 句式剖析
句中as excited about it this morning as the children是
as. . . as结构。
Z 知识拓展
as. . . as. . .结构的常见形式有
(1)as + adj. / adv. + as +比较对象
(2)as + adj. + a(n)+可数名词单数+ as +比较
对象
(3)as + many / much / few / little / . . . +名词+ as +比
较对象
Youve made as many mistakes as I have.
你犯的错误和我犯的错误一样多。
To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat
nothing.
吃太多和什么都不吃同样是坏事。
He cant run so / as fast as you.
他没你跑得快。
as if仿佛,好像(= as though)
(1)as if可以引导方式状语从句,也可置于look,
seem,feel等连系动词之后引导表语从句。
He talks to them as if they were children.
他同他们说话,仿佛他们是孩子。
It seemed as if he didn’t care about everything
around him.
看起来他好像不在乎周围的一切。
(2)as if引导的从句常用虚拟语气表示所述的情况
与事实不符。
as if从句谓语
与现在事实不符 过去式(be动词用were)
与过去事实不符 had +过去分词
与将来事实不符 would / could / might +动词原形
He talks as if he knew all about it.
他谈起来好像全知道似的。
He kept working as if nothing had happened.
他继续工作,好像什么都没有发生过。
It looks as if it might rain.
看上去好像要下雨。
(3)as if引导的从句如果表示的是事实或具有很大
的可能性,则用陈述语气。
He looked as if he was about to burst into tears.
他看上去好像要哭了。
W误区警示
as if引导的从句有时可用省略形式。结构:as if +分
词/不定式/形容词/介词短语等。
She stood at the door as if (she was)waiting for
someone.
她站在门口,好像在等人。
H活学活用
完成句子
①It is as much your responsibility as mine.
你和我对这件事都要负责。
②It is generally believed that teaching is as much an
art as it is a science.
普遍认为教学既是一门艺术,又是一门科学。
③Take as mach time as you like.
你想用多长时间就用多长时间。
④Getting rid of a bad habit is as much a strugglle as
forming a good one.
消除坏习惯与养成好习惯一样是件难事。
单句语法填空
⑤ It was John who broke the window. Why are you
talking to me as if I had done (do)it?
⑥It seems as if our teacher is looking (look)for
something in the classroom.
⑦He described the characters in the novel as if he
had met (meet)them face to face.
⑧He talks as if he knew (know)everything in the
world.
⑨Jack wasnt saying anything,but the teacher smiled at
him as if he had done (do)something very clever.
⑩Dont handle the vase as if it were (be)made of
steel.
瑏瑡Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it happened
(happen)yesterday.
瑏瑢He paused as if to let (let)the sad memory pass.
瑏瑣 From time to time, Jason turned round as if
searching (search)
for someone.
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难句分析
. . . by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate
pinks.
……等到我坐下来吃早餐时,太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺目,给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。
by the time引导时间状语从句
by the time可用作连词,意为“到……时为止”,引导
时间状语从句。
从句 主句
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般现在时(表将来) 一般将来时或将来完成时
By the time I got to the station,the train had already
gone.
我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。
You will not give up the drug by the time you become
addicted to it.
当你对毒品上瘾的时候,就无法戒掉它。
By the time you get back,we will have finished the
work.
当你回来时,我们已经把工作做完了。
X学法点拨
by the end of +过去的时间,句子常用过去完成时
by the end of +将来的时间,句子常用将来完成时
H活学活用
单句语法填空
①The phone was ringing,but by the time she got
indoors,it had stopped (stop).
②He will have learned English for eight years by the
time he graduates (graduate)from the university
next year.
③By the time he leaves university,he will have got
(get)work experience so long as he takes
a parttime job.
④By the time Jane gets home,her aunt will have left
(leave)for London to attend a meeting.
⑤By the end of next month,the bridge will have been
completed (complete).
⑥His new novel had been translated (translate)
into English by the end of last month.
6 7 8 9 : ;
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. Of course,in addition to my weekly (每周的)
pay,I got a lot of tips.
2. The man insisted (坚持说) that he was just
defending himself when attacked.
3. John smiled faintly (微弱地)and asked her to
come in.
4. With a sparkle (闪光)of excitement in her eyes,
she began telling me about her adventures.
5. The first time I went there,I was struck by the
delightful prospect (景色)of the lake.
6. She bent (弯腰)down,picked up a rock,and
threw it into the river.
7. This idiom comes from the Native American custom
of giving a feather (羽毛)to someone who had
been very brave in battle.
8. The smiling faces of the innocent (天真无邪的)
children reminded him of his childhood.
9.(2023·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)Enhance (增强)your
photography skills—join Yellowstones park
photographer for a handson program to inspire new
and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder
of Yellowstone.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1. No matter how busy he is,he always insists
on / upon coming with me.
2. He insisted that he was (be)right and that his
plan (should)be carried (carry)out at once.
3.(2024·江西南昌检测)COVID19 broke out across
countries, bringing (bring) severe loss of
peoples life and property.
4. The police charged them with threate (threaten)
behaviour.
5. Can you tell me the way leading (lead)to the
public library?
6. After a long journey,they found themselves worn
(wear)out as well as their clothes.
7. It is / has been (be)a month since I came to this
new school and I really want to share with you some
of the problems I have been experiencing.
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8. It is already three years since he left (leave )this
company.
9. It has been three years since I published my first
book.
10. As a computer science lover,it was especially
fascinating (fascinate) to speak with someone
who works in the field.
Ⅲ.选词填空(有两项为多余选项)
come out,ever since,run through,break out,run out,
run out of,come round,run across,at any moment,
talk away
1. (2024·广东汕头期末)With food and drink
running out ,they couldnt holding out much
longer.
2. She felt a surge of excitement run through her.
3. A Brief History of Time, written by Stephen
Hawking, came out in 1988 and has been
translated into more than 40 languages ever since
.
4. I rang her the other day and she said shed like to
come round .
5.(2024·天津和平区期末)I ran across one of my
old friends in the cafe yesterday,and we talked away
for two hours.
6. He will stay here for a whole year;you can call on
him at any moment .
请同学们认真完成练案[21
]
Section Ⅱ Using language
+ , - . / 0
Ⅰ.核心单词
1. v.逐渐消失;褪色
2. n.果园
3. n.串,丛,簇
4. v.堆放,摞起
5. n.鹅
6. v.改进;增强
7. v.开花
8. n.魅力,魔力
9. adj.阴冷的;阴郁的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. 比较
2. 代替
3. 增加
4. 和……一样
5. 和……一样平常
6. 例如
7. 主要的原因
Ⅲ.语法探究
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Have you got anything to say (say) at the
meeting?
2. The car repaired (repair)yesterday by him is
my mothers.
3. The man standing (stand)at the gate is my English
teacher.
4. The ability to express (express)an idea is as
important as the idea itself.
5. I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I
had a train to catch (catch).
6. There are a lot of swimming (swim)pools in the
city.
+ 1 2 3 4 5
核心词汇
sweep v. 吹过,掠过;清扫,清除;扫,打扫
The showroom had been emptied and swept clean.
陈列室已经清理出来,打扫干净了。
He swept the leaves up into a pile.
他把树叶扫成一堆。
H词汇拓展
sweep sb. along / away使某人醉心;驱使某人专注
sweep sth. aside对……置之不理;不理会;全然无视
sweep sth. away消灭;彻底消除;
完全打消
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2.①to support ②of ③convincing ④convinced ⑤that ⑥of
convincing convinced
重点短语
1.①In return ②in turn ③in turn ④in return
2.①living ②as ③from ④resigned myself to the fact
重点句式
1.①running ②When he heard the news ③Working hard
2.①Facing ②Comparing ③devoting
3.①虽然,尽管 ②当……的时候 ③而,然而
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 1. botanical 2. rural 3. cottage 4. domestic 5. bow
6. Evaluate 7. depressive 8. attain
Ⅱ. 1. from 2. depressed depressive 3. purity
4. evaluation 5. laying 6. rejection
Section Ⅳ Writing——如何写自然界
给我们的启示
典例示范
参考范文:
One afternoon it was cloudy as if it were going to rain. When I
came to the yard,I saw an ant struggling to walk with a big piece of
bread. Suddenly he slipped and the food rolled away. Perhaps the ant
was too tired to carry the piece. I looked at him curiously. Why,how
did the ant get away?Just as I was wondering,a group of ants
arrived. Oh,the ant went to fetch the “help”!The ants began to
crowd around the food. Together they shouldered the bread!The
procession marched on.
An ant may look weak,but groups of ants become powerful as a
group. We should learn from the ants. For the benefit of the
collective,we must pull together and unite as one.
写作训练
参考范文:
One day,a tourist found a baby turtle lying on the beach. At
this moment,an eagle came to catch the baby turtle. When the
tourist saw it,he immediately went to chase the eagle away,and
then the baby turtle was sent to the sea. Then a group of turtles
climbed out of their sand burrows and crawled out to sea. This little
turtle was a scout!As soon as the tourist left,a flock of eagles
came. Many turtles died or were injured.
The tourists good intentions to protect the small turtle ended up
hurting most turtles. We should respect the rules of nature and think
carefully before acting.
Unit 6 Nature in words
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 1. weekly 2. inspector 3. insist 4. shaving 5. prospect
6. flush 7. dispose 8. bend 9. church
Ⅱ. 1. talk about 2. come round 3. break out
4. cause harm to 5. target for 6. stand by
Ⅲ. 1. as as as if 2. since 3. by the time
Ⅳ.(一)1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
(二)1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
(三)1. quietness 2. coming 3. splashing
4. shining / shiny 5. lovely 6. lining 7. disposed 8. threatening
9. heavily 10. flattening
课内要点探究
核心词汇
1.①insist on going ②(should)be finished ③doing
④had done (should)be set
2.①taking ②was spotted ③on
3.①glanced at ②glared at ③stared at
4.①bent on ②bend down to see
重点短语
1.①out ②down ③up ④through ⑤into
2.①出现 ②出版;发生 ③(花)盛开
3.①the moment (that)he saw his mother
②whether or not he was on the scene at that moment
③you can call me (at)any moment
④She was silent for a moment before replying.
⑤I am preparing for the driving test at the moment.
重点句式
①as much as ②as much an art as ③as much time as
④as much a struggle as ⑤had done ⑥is looking ⑦had met
⑧knew ⑨had done ⑩were 瑏瑡happened 瑏瑢to let
瑏瑣searching
难句分析
①had stopped ②graduates ③will have got ④will have left
⑤will have been completed ⑥had been translated
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 1. weekly 2. insisted 3. faintly 4. sparkle 5. prospect
6. bent 7. feather 8. innocent 9. Enhance
Ⅱ. 1. on / upon 2. was (should)be carried 3. bringing
4. threatening 5. leading 6. worn 7. is / has been 8. left
9. since 10. fascinating
Ⅲ. 1. running out 2. run through 3. came out ever since
4. come round 5. ran across talked away 6. at any moment
Section Ⅱ Using language
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 1. fade 2. orchard 3. cluster 4. pile 5. goose 6. enhance
7. bloom 8. charm 9. bleak
Ⅱ. 1. contrast with 2. replace. . . with. . . 3. add. . . to. . .
4. the same as 5. as normal as 6. for instance 7. the main reason
Ⅲ. 1. to say 2. repaired 3. standing 4. to express 5. to catch
6. swimming
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